Saving and Restoring Files Using BACKUP Function The BACKUP program saves disk files on magnetic tape and places all or some of these files back onto the disk. You can save your disk area on magnetic tape and restore all of your files or a subset of your files back to your area. You can also use this program to move your files from one system to another. Please refer to the TOPS-10 Operator's Guide for detailed information about the BACKUP program. Format R BACKUP /command where: command is one of the BACKUP commands, which are in verb form. BACKUP prompts with a slash (/), after which you respond with one of three command types: o Action command o Status-setting command o Tape-positioning command Action Commands Action commands perform I/O on the tape specified in the last TAPE command. You must specify a tape using the TAPE command before you use an action command. TAPE is described under the status-setting commands for BACKUP. SAVE file-spec Saves the specified disk files on tape. RESTORE file-spec Restores the specified tape files to disk. CHECK file-spec Verifies that the tape and the disk files are the same. [N]PRINT file-spec Prints a directory of the entire tape specified by file-spec. N is an optional prefix meaning narrow. PRINT produces the effect of a NODIRECTORIES command; that is, no user directories are printed. The file-spec arguments are optional. File specifications may have wildcards. You can specify input and output files in the form output=input, or you can specify input alone. Use commas to separate file-spec entries in a list. If you do not supply an argument with an action command, BACKUP defaults to a file-spec as follows: o For anyone logged-in under [1,2], the default file spec is ALL:*.*[*,*,*,*,*,*,*]. This specifies all files on all UFDs, and all SFDs of all file structures, with no renaming. o For all other users, the default file spec is ALL:*.* [PPN,*,*,*,*,*] where PPN is the user's PPN. This specifies all files in the user's areas should be saved with a disk structure specified, and restored to the appropriate structure. Action Command Switches You can use the following switches in the file specification list for the action commands. These switches can be either permanent or temporary. Input files are those being transferred from disk to tape. Output files are those being transferred from tape to disk. /ABEFORE date On input file, includes only files accessed before the specified date. /ASINCE date On input file, includes only files accessed since the specified date. /BEFORE date-time On input file, includes only files created before the specified date-time. /ERNONE On input file, gives an error if no files match. /ERPROTECTION On input file, gives an error if there is a protection failure. /ERSUPERSEDE On output file, does not restore a file from tape if it already exists on disk. /ESTIMATE n On output file, estimates output size (n). /LENGTH low:high On input file, includes the file only if file length is between low (minimum file size) and high (maximum file size). /MBEFORE nD:hh:mm:ss On input file, includes only files modified before date-time. nD represents the number of days. /MSINCE nD:hh:mm:ss On input file, includes only files modified since date-time. nD represents the number of days. /OKNONE On input file, does not give an error if no files match your file specification. /OKPROTECTION On input file, does not give an error if there is a protection failure. /OKSUPERSEDE On output file, always restores the file, even if the file is already on disk. /[NO]PHYSICAL On input or output file, ignores any logical names. /PROTECTION nnn On output file, sets the protection code. /SINCE date-time On input file, includes only those files created since the specified date-time. /STRS On input file, examines all structures for the file. /VERSION v On output file, sets the version number of the file. Runtime Commands You can issue the following runtime commands during the execution of any action commands. BACKUP prompts with an exclamation point (!) when ready to accept a runtime command. [NO]DIRECTORIES Prints every directory processed. EXIT Exits from BACKUP when done. [NO]FILES Prints every file and directory processed. GO Continues after a STOP. HELP Lists BACKUP commands and explanations. KILL Aborts execution of the current action verb. PAUSE Does not exit from BACKUP when done. RESET Resets all status settings to their original defaults when done. SILENCE Stops printing every directory or file. STOP Stops action temporarily; can be continued by GO. WHAT Displays current file name and status. Status-Setting Commands Status-setting commands specify one or more parameters that affect future action commands. ABEFORE date Includes only files accessed before the specified date. [NO]APPEND Appends to the existing list file. ASINCE date Includes only the files accessed since the specified date. BEFORE date-time Includes only the files created and modified before the specified date-time. BLOCKINGFACTOR n Sets the number of disk blocks per tape block read or written on tape. The default value is 4 for comptability with tapes written by BACKUP without blocking factor capability. The specified value must be in the range of 4 to 96, and must be a multiple of 4 disk blocks. Due to KS20 UNIBUS adapter limitations, the maximum blocking factor on a KS10 is 56. Tape blocking is writing a tape block that contains more than one disk block. Older versions of BACKUP (version prior to %6(700)) may be said to use a blocking factor of 4, because they write 4 disk blocks per tape block. Higher blocking factors permit BACKUP to fit more information in less space. The higher the blocking factor specified, the smaller the amount of space between tape blocks. [NO]CPOINT Uses checkpoints. [NO]DATE75 Always accepts files with possible DATE75 problems. [NO]DELETE Deletes disk files after saving them. DENSITY nnnn Sets the tape density. The density, expressed in bits per inch (bpi), can be 200, 556, 800, 1600, or 6250. [NO]DIRECTORIES Prints each user's directory while running. [NO]ENCRYPT Encrypts (codes) the files. This makes the files impossible to read without the keyword. ERRMAX n Set maximum number of recoverable tape errors. Default is 100. [NO]EXEMPT Exempts project-programmer numbers of the form [A,*] and [*,B], where A and B are less than 7, from date, time, and length restrictions. [NO]FILES Prints each file name while running. INITIAL file Starts processing at the specified file. [NO]INTERCHANGE Runs in interchange mode. Interchange is used to copy files from one installation to another with no directory dependencies. Interchange mode forces a blocking factor of 4 for compatability with other programs such as TOPS-20 DUMPER. LENGTH low:high Includes only files whose length is between low (minimum file size) and high (maximum file size). [NO]LIST file-spec While running, creates a listing file on file-spec. LIST produces the effect of a NODIRECTORIES command; that is, no user directories will be printed. MBEFORE date-time Includes only files that were moved or modified before the specified time. MESSAGE [NO]PREFIX Suppresses the error message prefix. MESSAGE [NO]FIRST Suppresses the first line of the error message text. MSINCE date-time Includes only files that have been moved or modified since the specified time. [NO]MULTIREEL Allows multiple reels during a save. [NO]NFS Does not save files that have the RP.NFS RIB status bit set. OPTION name Uses line BACKUP:name from a SWITCH.INI file. PARITY (even,odd) Sets the tape parity. [NO]REPEAT Repeats a split file on the continuation tape. RESUME n Sets a checkpoint block number where processing resumes after a crash that occurred during a checkpointed SAVE or RESTORE. [NO]SDELETE Deletes a file without respect to its protection code, if the user has sufficient privilege to rename the file to a lower protection code. SILENCE Does not print file names or directories while running. SINCE date-time Includes only those files created or modified since the specified date-time. SORT DIRECTORIES x Sorts directories within each file structure in order of x when saving. x is ALPHABETICAL, LOCATION, or NONE. SORT FILES x Sorts files within each directory in the order of x. x is ALPHABETICAL, LOCATION, or NONE. SSNAME name Specifies the saveset name. Use ALL to include all savesets. SUPERSEDE ALWAYS Restores all files from tape, superseding files on disk that have the same file name. SUPERSEDE NEVER Does not restore files that have the same name as an existing file. SUPERSEDE OLDER Restores only the files that are newer than the files on disk of the same name. TAPE MTxn: Uses tape unit MTxn:. If a magnetic tape drive has the logical name BACKUP, then the TAPE verb need not be specified. TPNUM x Sets the number of the tape to x (decimal). [NO]UNIQUE Generates unique extension numbers in the range 000 to 999 if the file being restored from tape already exists on disk. UPROTECTION nnn Sets the protection code for the created directories. [NO]USAGE Enables USAGE accounting. When USAGE is enabled, BACKUP writes accounting records to the system ACTDAE, for every directory in a save operation. You must have [1,2] privileges to enable or disable accounting [NO]USETI Runs in USETI mode. [NO]WRITE Writes onto disk during a RESTORE. This is the default action. Tape-Positioning Commands Use these commands before action commands or after action commands are finished processing. EOT volid-list Skips to the end-of-tape mark for each tape in the list. The volid-list is a list of the volume-identifications of each tape. REWIND volid-list Rewinds to the beginning of the tape for each tape in the list. SKIP n volid-list Skips the specified number of savesets forward for each tape in the list. SKIP 0 volid-list Backs up to the start of the current saveset for each tape in the list. SKIP -n volid-list Skips the specified number of savesets backward for each tape in the list. UNLOAD volid-list Unloads each tape in the list from its drive. Characteristics The BACKUP program: Places your terminal at user level. Destroys your core image. Examples 1. To save the entire contents of DSKB: on magnetic tape and at the same time produce a directory listing, run BACKUP while logged in under [1,2]. .R BACKUP /TAPE MTA0 /LIST DSK:BACKUP.LOG /SAVE DSKB: !1,2 DSKB 1,3 1,4 . . . . BACKUP prints each UFD as it begins to save files from that area. If the tape becomes full before the save is complete, BACKUP stops, types out the full file specification and block number of the current file being saved, unloads the magnetic tape and prints the following message: $BKPEOT REACHED EOT -- MOUNT NEW TAPE THEN TYPE "GO" When you type GO, BACKUP continues the save on the new tape. A file can be split across tapes. 2. Copy the file FILE.MAC from tape to disk. .R BACKUP /TAPE MTB0 /REWIND /RESTORE FILEB.MAC=FILEA.MAC !10,123 DSKB DONE /UNLOAD /^C .