Directory Command Function The DIRECTORY command prints a list of the file names in a specified directory area. The standard output consists of the following information: file name, file name extension, length of the file in blocks, protection code, creation date, version number, account, structure name, and directory name. Format DIRECTORY output file-spec=input file-spec Where: input file-spec is a single file specification, or a string of file specifications separated by commas or plus signs. The devices used on input can be DSK:, DTA:, or MTA:. If the device is a magnetic tape, the tape is rewound before and after the listing operation and analyzed to determine if it is a BACKUP tape. The default input specification is DSK:*.*, and the files in all file structures defined by your job's search list are listed. Generally, a device name, file name extension, or a directory name that precedes the file name becomes the default for all succeeding files in the list. output file-spec = This argument and the equal sign are optional. If you omit the entire output specification, the default is TTY:. If you do not specify an output device, the default device is DSK:. If you do not specify an output file name, and one is needed, the file name is generated from the time of day as hhmmss. The default output extension is .DIR. The full wildcard construction (* and/or ?) can be used in the input file-spec. When a wildcard designation is used, DIRECTORY limits its search for the file to certain directories. When you give a wildcard designation for a file name or extension, the program only searches the specified directory or your default directory. No additional devices, such as LIB: or SYS:, which might be in your default path, are searched. For more information on directory paths see the DIRPAT help file. See also the PATH monitor call description in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual, for information about directory paths. If you use the wildcard construction in the directory name, only the directories implied by the wildcard construction are searched. No additional directories are searched. The following switches can be used in the command string. Generally, any switches can be used together in the same command string, unless the switches contradict one another. Switches that precede the file name become the default for all succeeding files in the same command line. You can abbreviate switches as long as the result is unique. This is not recommended for batch control files. Spaces are not permitted within a switch. Switch Function /ACCESS:n Updates the access date of any file of n blocks or less to the current date. Because some installations delete files that have not been recently accessed, this switch allows you to prevent such deletion by updating the files. n is a decimal number, and refers to the number of blocks written in the file unless the /ALLOC switch is also used. If you omit the /ACCESS switch, the system does not change the date. If you specify /ACCESS but you omit :n, 5 is assumed. /ACCOUNT Prints the account name associated with that file. The account you are logged in under is stored in the RIB of all files created or superseded. /ALLOCATED Lists the allocated length of the file instead of the written length. Space on a structure is sometimes allocated in units of more than one block for efficiency. Therefore, the number of blocks allocated to a file can be greater than the number of blocks actually written. The LOGOUT program uses the allocated length when checking quotas. The total allocated length of all files is the same as the length output by the QUOLST program under the USED column. Normally, when a file is created, the system allocates 30 blocks for it. Then the system deallocates unused blocks after file creation is complete. This switch is the complement to the /WRITTEN switch. /ANYDEVICE Searches all devices. /AUTHOR Prints the project-programmer number of the author of the file. /BEFORE:date-time Lists those files created before the specified date and time. Default is +infinity. For more information on date-time arguments, see the help file DTARGS. /BLOCKINGFACTOR:n Sets the number of disk blocks per tape block read from tape. The default value is 4 for compatability with tapes written by BACKUP without blocking-factor capability. The specified value must be in the range of 4 to 96, and must be a multiple of 4 disk blocks. Due to KS10 UNIBUS adapter limitations, the maximum blocking-factor on a KS10 is 56. /BLOCKS Prints the length of the file in blocks. This is the default. Complement to /WORDS. /CHECKSUM Computes and prints an 18-bit checksum for each file. This checksum is computed by rotating the result to the left one bit before adding each word. Complement to /NOCHECKSUM. /COMPARE Suppresses headers and titles, as well as error messages in the output. This makes the output file suitable for comparison with another file (with FILCOM). Default is /NOCOMPARE. /DENSITY:n Uses the specified density when reading a magnetic tape. n is 200, 556, 800, 1600, or 6250 bpi. The default depends on your installation. You can change the default with the SET DENSITY command. /DETAIL Prints all available information about a file. The information includes: The full file specification for the file. The access date. The time and date of creation. The access protection code associated with the file. The data mode that the file is written in. The estimated length of the file. The blocks allocated for the file. The data block in the directory in which the file is located. The internal date and time of creation. The RIB block number. All numbers that are followed by a decimal point are decimal values; all other numbers are octal. The project-programmer number associated with the file is printed only if it is not the same as that of the user who issued the DIRECTORY command. /DIRECT Provides ASCII-formatted output. This the default. Complement to /NODIRECT. /DSKONLY Searches all disk devices. /DTA Lists the directory in old DECtape form. /EOTS Stops at the logical end of tape (two consecutive tape marks) when reading a magnetic tape. This is the default. Complement to /NOEOTS. /ERLOG Enables automatic device error logging. Complement to /NOERLOG. /ERLOG is the default. /FAST Lists short form of directory: file name, extension, structure name, and directory name. Abbreviated to /F. Complement to /NORMAL and /SLOW. /FILES:n Stops after n files when reading a magnetic tape. If you specify /FILES but you omit :n, 5 is assumed. When the system reaches the logical EOT, it will stop reading the tape. /FIND Looks for the Find Files for the directory listing rather than the devices. A Find File is the binary output of a directory listing, and is created with the /FNDBLD switch. /FIND looks for the Find File in SYS:FNDDAT.FDF or .FPF. You can use the /FNDDAT switch to specify the file name of the Find File. /FLSDIR Prints each file's device and directory to the right of the first line of output for each directory. Complement to /NOFLSDIR, the default is /FLSDIR, unless /HDSDIR or /WIDTH is specified. /FNDBLD Creates Find Files from the DIRECTORY output. A Find File is the binary output from a DIRECTORY listing. Find Files are useful for archiving and retrieving files on magnetic tape. The file name of the Find File is that specified in the output specification of the command format. If you do not specify the output file name, the default is DSK:FNDDAT.FDF or .FPF. The files can later be accessed with the /FIND switch. The complement to /FDNBLD is /NOFDNBLD. /NOFNDBLD is the default. /FNDDAT:file Specifies the file name of the Find Files to be read for the directory listing. A Find File is the binary output for a directory listing, and is created with the /FNDBLD switch. You must use the /FIND switch with the /FNDDAT switch. /HDSDIR Prints the device and directory information of the file as a separate header line, immediately preceding the directory listing for each directory. Complementary to /FLSDIR. The default is /NOHDSDIR, unless /WIDTH and /NOFLSDIR are specified. /HELP:arg Prints DIRECTORY help text on your terminal. /HELP can be abbreviated to /H. Valid arguments are: TEXT, KEYWORDS, and SWITCHES. TEXT is the default argument; it prints the entire DIRECT.HLP file. The KEYWORDS argument (K) lists and describes all LOGIN switches which take keyword arguments. SWITCHES (S) briefly lists all DIRECTORY switches without explanations. Switches that have a single-letter abbreviation are prefixed with an asterisk. /INDIRECT Creates the output listing file in a format suitable for use as a command file to be input to other programs. /LENGTH:n:m Processes only files whose length is between n and m blocks. /LIST Queues the output to device LPT:. Abbreviated to /L. Refer to the LIST command for restrictions on this switch. /MARKS Indicates each tape mark and UFD when reading a magnetic tape. Complement of /NOMARKS. /MVOLUME When reading BACKUP and DUMPER magnetic tapes, asks the user to mount another reel when the end of tape is encountered in the middle of a save set. Complement to /NOMVOLUME, the default is /NOMVOLUME. /NOAUTHOR Does not print the project-programmer number of the author of the file. This is the default. Complement to /AUTHOR. /NOCHECKSUM Does not compute and print the checksum. This is the default. Complement of /CHECKSUM. /NOCOMPARE Prints the normal headers, titles, and error messages. Complement to /COMPARE, the default is /NOCOMPARE. /NODETAIL Does not print the words in the LOOKUP block. This is the default. Complement to /DETAIL. /NODIRECT Does not print the normal ASCII listing. Complement to /DIRECT, the default is /DIRECT. /NOEOTS Does not stop at the logical end of tape when reading a magnetic tape. Complement to /EOTS. /NOERLOG Does not enable automatic device error logging. /ERLOG is the compliment to /NOERLOG, and the default. /NOFIND Does not look for Find Files for the output. Complement to /FIND, the default is /NOFIND. /NOFLSDIR Does not print each file's device and directory to the right of the first line for each directory listed. Complement to /FLSDIR; the default is /FLSDIR, unless /HDSDIR or /WIDTH is specified. /NOFNDBLD Does not make a Find File from the output. Complement to /FNDBLD; the default is /NOFNDBLD. /NOHDSDIR Does not print the device and directory as a header for each directory listed. Complement to /HDSDIR, the default is /NOHDSDIR, unless /WIDTH is specified. /NOINDIRECT Does not format the output listing so that it can be used as input to a program. Complement to /INDIRECT, the default is /NOINDIRECT. /NOMARKS Does not indicate each tape mark and UFD when reading a magnetic tape. This is the default. Complement to /MARKS. /NOMVOLUME When using BACKUP or DUMPER, does not ask the user to mount another magnetic tape when the end of tape comes in the middle of a save set. Complement to /MVOLUME, the default is /NOMVOLUME. /NOPRDEVICE Does not print the device name. Complement to /PRDEVICE. /NOPRDIRECTORY Does not print the directory. Complement to /PRDIRECTORY. /NOPRVERSION Suppresses printing the version number of the files. The normal listing prints the version number only if it is not zero. Complement to /PRVERSION. /NORETRY Disables automatic error retry when reading a file. Generates error messages for soft errors. Complement to /RETRY, the default is /RETRY. /NOREWIND Does not rewind the tape before and after reading a magnetic tape. Complement to /REWIND. /NORMAL Prints the normal directory list. This list includes the file name, extension, length in blocks written, protection, creation date, structure name, nonzero version numbers, and directory name. Complement to /FAST and /SLOW. This is the default. Use this switch to override a /FAST or /SLOW in your SWITCH.INI file. /NOSORT Does not produce a file suitable for sorting. This is the default. Complement to /SORT. /NOSUMMARY Does not use summary mode. This is the default. Complement to /SUMMARY. /NOTITLE Does not print page headers. This is the default for output to the terminal. Complement to /TITLE. /NOUNITS Does not list the name of the actual disk unit; instead, just lists the structure name. This is the default. Complement to /UNITS. /OKNONE Suppresses the error message if no files match the wildcard construction. /OPTION:name Reads your option file (DSK:SWITCH.INI[,]) to determine your specified switch defaults for DIRECT. The name appearing as the value of the switch is the pointer to the line to read in the file. For example, if the file contains the line: DIRECT:ALL/DETAIL then you reference this line by typing the command: DIRECT/OPTION:ALL Refer to Appendix B for additional information. /PARITY:ODD Specifies the parity to be used when reading /PARITY:EVEN a magnetic tape. The default is :ODD. /PHYSICAL Ignores logical names. For more information on logical names, see the help file LOGNAM. /PRDEVICE Prints the name of the device for each file. /PRDIRECTORY Prints the name of the directory for each file. /PROTECTION:nnn Gives the output file the protection nnn (octal). For more information about protection codes, see the help file PCODES. /PRVERSION Prints the version of each file. If you do not specify this switch, the default is to print the version only if it is not zero. The complement is /NOPRVERSION. /RETRY Enables automatic error retry when reading a file. Complement to /NORETRY, the default is /RETRY. /REWIND Rewinds the magnetic tape before and after reading it. This is the default. Complement to /NOREWIND. /RUN:file-spec Runs the specified program when this command is finished. /RUNOFFSET:n Runs the program specified with /RUN with an offset of n. If you omit the switch, the default is 0; if you omit the value, the default is 1. /SINCE:date-time Lists only those files created after the specified date and time. The default is January 1, 1964. For more information on date-time arguments, see the help file DTARGS. /SLOW Prints a full listing that includes the file name, extension, length in blocks written, protection, access date, creation time and date, structure name, and directory name. Equivalent to /S. Complement to /FAST and /NORMAL. (Disk and magnetic tape only.) /SORT Lists the file structure name and directory name for each file. The file structure name is output for every file if you do not specify a file structure name in the command string or if you specify generic DSK:. The wildcard construction is used in the directory name. TABs are space-filled to maintain a constant number of characters in any given line. Project-programmer numbers include leading zeros; the date is in ANSI format: 19721009 for Oct 9, 1972. Use this switch to prepare a file to be sorted by the SORT program. (See the COBOL documentation.) Complement to /NOSORT. /SUMMARY Prints only the summary line that indicates the total number of blocks and files. A /FAST/SUMMARY prints a /FAST listing followed by the summary. /TITLE Causes a heading to be output on each page consisting of a label for each column, date, time, and page number. Standard output to the line printer has this heading. Complement to /NOTITLE. /TMPCOR Lists the directory in old TMPCOR format. /UNITS Lists the name of the actual disk unit on which the files are stored instead of the file structure name. Complement to /NOUNITS. /WIDTH:n Prints several entries on a single line to make the output appear in columns. The default for n is the terminal carriage width. For more information on the /WIDTH switch, see the help file SETTTY. /WORDS Prints the length of the file in words instead of blocks. Complement to /BLOCKS. /WRITTEN Prints the written length of the file rather than the allocated length. This is the default. Complement to /ALLOCATED. Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. Examples 1. List all files on DSKB:. .DIRECT DSKB: FILE DAT 220 <055> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKB: [27,5055] SWITCH INI 10 <057> dd-mmm-yy PROG MAC 5 <055> dd-mmm-yy . 2. List all files with extension .MAC in all file structures in your job's search list. .DIRECT *.MAC PROG MAC 5 <057> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKB:[27,5055] FILE MAC 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy 30(201) DSKC:[27,5055] . 3. List the directory entry for the file TEST.F4 in user area [27,4072]. .DIR TEST.F4[27,4072] TEST F4 6 <055> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKC:[27,4072] . 4. List all files in sub-file directory WIZZER.SFD in the [7,2] area on BLKT:. .DIR BLKT:[7,2,WIZZER] ATTA TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy BLKT:[7,2,WIZZER] NEW ALG 4 <055> dd-mmm-yy ALGOL DOC 20 <055> dd-mmm-yy . 5. Show the switches to the DIRECT command. .DIRECT/HELP:SWITCHES DIRECT switches are: ACCESS, ACCOUN, *ALLOC, AUTHOR, CHECKS, COMPAR, DETAIL, DIRECT, DTA, EOTS, ERLOG, *FAST, FILES, FIND, FLSDIR, FNDBLD, FNDDAT, HDSDIR, *INDIR, *LIST, MARKS, MVOLUM, *NORMA, PRDEVI, PRDIRE, PRVERS, RETRY, REWIND, SBRMSG, *SLOW, SORT, SUMMAR, TITLES, TMPCOR, UNITS, *WIDTH, WORDS, WRITTE Standard switches are: ABEFOR, ALLOCA, ANYDEV, APPEND, ASCII, ASINCE, BEFORE, BINARY, BLOCKS, BYTESI, BUFFER, CONTIG, DATAMO, DELETE, DENSIT, DSKONL, ERNONE, ERPROT, ERSUPE, ERUID, ESTIMA, EXIT, FIXED, FRAMES, *HELP, IMAGE, IOMODE, LENGTH, LIB, MACY11, MECY11, MESSAG, NEW, NOOPTI, OKNONE, OKPROT, OKSUPE, OKUID, OPTION, PARITY, PBEFOR, PHYSIC, PRINT, PROTEC, PSINCE, QUERY, RECSIZ, RECFOR, RUN, RUNCOR, RUNOFF, SCERRO, SCWILD, SINCE, STRS, SUBMIT, SYS, TELL, TMPFIL, VARIAB, VERSIO . 6. Create an output listing file in a format suitable for input to other programs. . .DIRECT OUT.FIL/INDIRECT=*.TXT Total of 10 files . .TYPE OUT.FIL DSKB:MAIL.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:OPRGD.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:MCO.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:RDH.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:MSRDH.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:MSDPM.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:INITIA.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:STEVS.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:SPIDER.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:BARRY2.TXT[10,5763] .