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PDP-10 Archives
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SRI_NIC_PERM_FS_1_19910112
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kccdist/lib/math/exp.c
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/*
* +++ NAME +++
*
* EXP Double precision exponential
*
* +++ INDEX +++
*
* EXP
* machine independent routines
* math libraries
*
* +++ DESCRIPTION +++
*
* Returns double precision exponential of double precision
* floating point number.
*
* +++ USAGE +++
*
* double exp(x)
* double x;
*
* +++ REFERENCES +++
*
* Fortran IV plus user's guide, Digital Equipment Corp. pp B-3
*
* Computer Approximations, J.F. Hart et al, John Wiley & Sons,
* 1968, pp. 96-104.
*
* +++ RESTRICTIONS +++
*
* Inputs greater than LN(MAX_POS_DBLF) result in overflow.
* Inputs less than LN(MIN_POS_DBLF) result in underflow.
*
* The maximum relative error for the approximating polynomial
* is 10**(-16.4). However, this assumes exact arithmetic
* in the polynomial evaluation. Additional rounding and
* truncation errors may occur as the argument is reduced
* to the range over which the polynomial approximation
* is valid, and as the polynomial is evaluated using
* finite-precision arithmetic.
*
* +++ PROGRAMMER +++
*
* Fred Fish
* Goodyear Aerospace Corp, Arizona Div.
* (602) 932-7000 work
* (602) 894-6881 home
*
* Updated Dec 85 for inclusion in standard math library. This routine
* now conforms with the description of the exp function as defined in
* Harbison & Steele's "C: A Reference Manual", section 11.3.9
*
* +++ INTERNALS +++
*
* Computes exponential from:
*
* exp(X) = 2**Y * 2**Z * 2**W
*
* Where:
*
* Y = INT ( X * LOG2(e) )
*
* V = 16 * FRAC ( X * LOG2(e))
*
* Z = (1/16) * INT (V)
*
* W = (1/16) * FRAC (V)
*
* Note that:
*
* 0 =< V < 16
*
* Z = {0, 1/16, 2/16, ...15/16}
*
* 0 =< W < 1/16
*
* Then:
*
* 2**Z is looked up in a table of 2**0, 2**1/16, ...
*
* 2**W is computed from an approximation:
*
* 2**W = (A + B) / (A - B)
*
* A = C + (D * W * W)
*
* B = W * (E + (F * W * W))
*
* C = 20.8137711965230361973
*
* D = 1.0
*
* E = 7.2135034108448192083
*
* F = 0.057761135831801928
*
* Coefficients are from HART, table #1121, pg 206.
*
* Effective multiplication by 2**Y is done by a
* floating point scale with Y as scale argument.
*
* ---
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "errno.h"
# define C 20.8137711965230361973 /* Polynomial approx coeff. */
# define D 1.0 /* Polynomial approx coeff. */
# define E 7.2135034108448192083 /* Polynomial approx coeff. */
# define F 0.057761135831801928 /* Polynomial approx coeff. */
/************************************************************************
* *
* This table is fixed in size and reasonably hardware *
* independent. The given constants were generated on a *
* DECSYSTEM 20 using double precision FORTRAN. *
* *
************************************************************************
*/
static double fpof2tbl [] = {
1.00000000000000000000, /* 2 ** 0/16 */
1.04427378242741384020, /* 2 ** 1/16 */
1.09050773266525765930, /* 2 ** 2/16 */
1.13878863475669165390, /* 2 ** 3/16 */
1.18920711500272106640, /* 2 ** 4/16 */
1.24185781207348404890, /* 2 ** 5/16 */
1.29683955465100966610, /* 2 ** 6/16 */
1.35425554693689272850, /* 2 ** 7/16 */
1.41421356237309504880, /* 2 ** 8/16 */
1.47682614593949931110, /* 2 ** 9/16 */
1.54221082540794082350, /* 2 ** 10/16 */
1.61049033194925430820, /* 2 ** 11/16 */
1.68179283050742908600, /* 2 ** 12/16 */
1.75625216037329948340, /* 2 ** 13/16 */
1.83400808640934246360, /* 2 ** 14/16 */
1.91520656139714729380 /* 2 ** 15/16 */
};
double exp(x)
double x;
{
double w, v, a, b, wpof2, zpof2;
double y, i;
if (x > LN_MAXPOSDBL || x <= LN_MINPOSDBL) {
errno = ERANGE;
return MAX_POS_DBLF;
} else {
v = 16.0 * modf((x * LOG2E), &y);
w = _sign(modf(fabs(v), &i), v) / 16.0;
a = C + (D * w * w);
b = w * (E + (F * w * w));
wpof2 = (a + b) / (a - b);
zpof2 = (x < 0) ? (wpof2 / fpof2tbl[(int)i]) : (wpof2 * fpof2tbl[(int)i]);
return ldexp(zpof2, (int)y);
}
}