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           SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)


      The Brookings Institution
      Social Science Computation Center
      Washington, D.C. 20036
      January 31, 1976

    Copyright (C) 1975,1976, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.



1.0   SUMMARY

      SOS version 23(220) is the DEC-distributed  version  21(122)  with
      all  known  bugs fixed and many useful improvements.  This version
      incorporates fixes to all problems reported in  outstanding  SPRs,
      all  fixes  made  in  the current DEC in-house version of SOS, and
      other fixes developed by the University of Illinois, the  National
      Institutes  of  Health,  and Brookings.  Improvements were made to
      provide additional features as requested by various SOS users,  to
      make  SOS  more  easier  to  use and more efficient to run, and to
      incorporate useful functions from  other  versions  of  SOS.   All
      improvements  were  carefully  designed  to be consistent with the
      SOS's design philosophy and to provide the  maximum  benefit  from
      the  minimum  amount  of core.  This version has been tested on KA
      and KI DECsystem-10's, running 5.07B and  6.02  VM  monitors.   It
      fully supports erstaz devices and SFDs.

      Acknowledgement should be given to Chris Larkin and Dan D'Urso  of
      Digital  Equipment  Corporation  for  providing  the  current  DEC
      in-house version of SOS and copies of  outstanding  SOS  SPRs,  to
      Charles  Hedrick  of  the University of Illinois for providing his
      version of SOS, to Glenn Ricart  of  NIH  for  field-testing  this
      version,  and  to  Ken  Jacobs  of  the  Urban  Institute and A.W.
      Kunderd of Brookings for providing design assistance.

      This documentation and the modifications which created SOS version
      23(220)   are  copyrighted  by  The  Brookings  Institution.   Any
      installation may use this  version  of  SOS,  provided  that  this
      copyright  is  acknowledged  and all modifications to this version
      are made available at no cost to Brookings.  No redistribution  of
      this  version  may  be made without the express written consent of
      Brookings;   permission  to  redistribute  is  hereby  granted  to
      Digital   Equipment   Corporation   and   DECUS.    The  Brookings
      Institution makes no warranty, express  or  implied,  as  to  this
      software  and  assumes  no  liability  for direct or consequential
      damages arising from its use.  Retention or use of  this  software
      constitutes acceptance of the above terms.
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 2


2.0   EXTERNAL CHANGES

2.1   The commands "B" and "BP", which position you to the beginning  of
      the  file or the beginning of the current page, respectively, have
      been implemented.

2.2   The number of simultaneous search strings that may be given  in  a
      single "F" or "S" command has been increased from 6 to 10.

2.3   SOS provides an  encryption  feature  for  sensitive  text  files.
      Encryption  is  requested  by  specifying an encryption code (1-20
      alphameric characters) enclosed in parenthesis following the  name
      of the file to be edited.  Thus, command

          .SOS   TEXT.FIL(SECRET)

      would either create or  edit  a  file  named  "TEST.FIL"  with  an
      encryption  code  "SECRET".  To encrypt a previously-created file,
      the command

          .SOS   CODED.FIL(KEYWORD)=PLAIN.FIL

      would read the unencrypted file "PLAIN.FIL" and write  the  edited
      file  "CODED.FIL" using the encryption code "KEYWORD".  To reverse
      the process, the command

          .SOS   PLAIN.FIL=CODED.FIL(KEYWORD)

      would similarly write the  unencrypted  file  "PLAIN.FIL"  as  the
      edited version of the encrypted "CODED.FIL".

      At present, only SOS can either read  or  write  encrypted  files,
      although  the  SSCC intends to include the encryption package into
      other software as time permits.

            IMPORTANT:   It is the user's responsibility  to
            remember   the  encryption  codes  for  all  his
            encrypted files.  If a user cannot determine the
            encryption  code,  the  encrypted  file  will be
            unreadable.

2.4   The Alter command ("A") has been improved in a  number  of  useful
      ways:

      2.4.1 In Alter mode, the command "^R" types out the  current  line
            from the left margin to the current position.  This type-out
            closely approximates the normal ^R output.  Note that ^R may
            be  typed  anytime  in Alter mode, even while inserting text
            into a line with the Alter-mode  "I"  or  "R"  commands,  or
            while  typing  arguments  to the Alter-mode "C", "S", or "K"
            commands.

      2.4.2 Similarly, the command "^U" will always be  taken  in  Alter
            mode to restart the current line, even following a "I", "R",
            "C", "S", or "K" operation.
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 3


            Note that "^U" will produce an unexpected effect when  typed
            in  as  text  for the Extend ("X") command.  Because the "X"
            command is implemented as an Alter mode  operation  with  an
            automatic  insertion  at end of line, typing "^U" terminates
            the insertion and  then  puts  you  in  Alter  mode  at  the
            beginning of the line.

      2.4.3 The Backspace character (^H) is now completely equivalent to
            the  Rubout  character  (also  known  as  the  Delete or Del
            character, 177 octal, sometimes written as "<RO>") in  Alter
            mode.   This  means that Backspace, like Rubout, deletes the
            previous character as  an  "I"  or  "R"  command  character,
            terminates  the "C", "S", or "K" command operation, or as an
            Alter command backs up the current character position.

      2.4.4 The  Alter-mode  commands  "^",  "<",  and  ">"  have   been
            implemented.   These commands modify the case of the current
            character, if it is a letter,  and  then  move  the  current
            character  position one space to the right.  The "^" command
            inverts the case, "<" sets it to upper case, and ">" sets it
            to  lower case.  If a repeat count has been specified, these
            commands  operate  on  that  number  of  characters.   If  a
            negative  sign  ("-")  has  been  specified,  these commands
            operate on the previous character and then move the  current
            character position one space to the left.  A negative repeat
            count is also legal.

      2.4.5 The Alter-mode command "B" immediately positions you to  the
            beginning  of  the  current line.  This command differs from
            "L", which also  positions  you  at  the  beginning  of  the
            current  line, in that it does not type the remainder of the
            line before repositioning.

      2.4.6 An ALTMODE (Escape, or ESC  character)  in  Alter  mode  now
            clears  the  accumulated  repeat count and negative sign, if
            any, without ringing the terminal's audible alarm (bell).

      2.4.7 A greater number of Alter-mode commands  may  be  used  with
            negative repeat counts.  These include " " (space forwards),
            Rubout or Backspace (space backwards), "@" (execute  command
            forwards  -  see  2.4.15, below), "D" (delete forwards), "R"
            (delete forwards and then insert),  "S"  (search  forwards),
            "K"  (kill  next characters), "<HT>" (space to end of line),
            and "X" (insert at end of line).  When a negative sign ("-")
            or  negative  repeat count ("-nn") is given the direction in
            which a command operates is  reversed,  e.g.,  "-D"  deletes
            backwards  instead of forwards, "-X" inserts at the start of
            the line, etc.   Note  in  the  previous  version  "^U"  was
            illegal  following  a  minus  sign, which prevented the user
            from restoring  the  original  line  under  certain  command
            sequences.

      2.4.8 As for other  SOS  modes,  typing  two  Bell  characters  in
            succession ("^G^G") will now terminate alter mode and return
            you to SOS command mode (i.e., a "*" will  be  typed).   The
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 4


            line currently being altered will remain intact.

      2.4.9 Control characters typed  during  Alter  mode  will  now  be
            echoed as such (as "^<char>").

      2.4.10 For the "C", "S", and "K"  commands,  the  Carriage  Return
            <CR>  character  will now terminate the Alter-mode operation
            on the current line, just as Carriage Return now  terminates
            operations  on  the  "I"  and  "R" commands.  Similarly, the
            ALTMODE (Escape, or ESC character) will terminate  the  "C",
            "S", or "K" operation, just as Backspace or Rubout does, but
            leaves you in Alter mode on the current line at the  current
            position.

      2.4.11 For  the  "S"  and  "K"  commands,  the  initial  character
            position  may  be  thought  of  as  being  before  the first
            character position on the line, so that an S command for the
            first  character  in  the line will find it, and a K command
            for the first character will not kill any characters.   This
            makes  Alter  mode  operations  more  consistent  since, for
            example, in a FORTRAN program, a search for a horizontal tab
            character  (e.g.,  typing  "S<HT>")  at the beginning of the
            line will always put you at column 7,  whether  or  not  the
            line has a FORTRAN statement number.

      2.4.12 The "T", "W", "U", and "X" Alter-mode  commands  have  been
            changed from prior versions to provide greater word-handling
            capability and to make Alter mode more consistent with other
            SOS commands.  "W" retains its present meaning of "skip next
            word";  a word is defined  as  any  collection  of  letters,
            numbers,  and  the  three  separator-type special characters
            ".", "%", and "$".  In version 23(220),  "T"  means  "delete
            next  word  and insert text";  "U" means "delete next word";
            "X" means "skip to end of line and insert  text",  analogous
            to  the  normal  "X"  (Extend) command.  Note that "-X" is a
            legal command meaning "skip to beginning of line and  insert
            text".   For  both  "T"  and  "X"  text is inserted until an
            Altmode" or <CR> is typed.

            This implementation replaces the prior version in which  "X"
            meant  "delete word and insert text" (current "T" function )
            and "T" and "U" were errors.

      2.4.13 In Expert mode, text backspaced across (in  response  to  a
            "<RO>",  "-<SP>",  or  "-S"  command)  is not typed when the
            result would be that the character pointer will  be  at  the
            start  of the line.  Instead, the line number is again typed
            to indicate this result.

      2.4.14 For the "K", "S", and "C" commands, the Line-feed character
            ("<LF>")  has  been  given  a special meaning "end of line".
            Thus, "K<LF>" kills all characters to end of line (beginning
            of  line  if  "-K");   and  "S"  searches to the end of line
            (beginning of line if "-S").  Changing a character to a line
            feed  with  "C<LF>"  now  inserts an <CR><LF> and copies the
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 5


            remaining text to a new line, analogous the insertion  of  a
            <LF> with the "I", "R", "T", or "X" command.

      2.4.15 An important extension to the Alter mode  command  facility
            has been implemented.  This is the "Execute through" command
            ("@"), which has the syntax

                  [-]  [nn]  @  <cmd>  <char>

            and specifies to execute  the  Alter  mode  command  "<cmd>"
            through  the  "nn"th  occurrence  of  "<char>".  The command
            searches backwards if the minus sign has been specified  and
            if  minus  is legal for the specified "<cmd>".  This command
            supports the following command characters:  " "  ("@ <char>"
            is  equivalent  to  "S<char>"),  "C",  "^",  ">",  "<",  "D"
            ("@D<char>"  is  equivalent  to  "K<char>"),  and  "V"  (see
            2.4.19,  below).  All commands except "C" and "V" may search
            in either direction;  only the " " command may be used  when
            searching a /READONLY file.  The "@" command follows the new
            convention  for  initial  character  position  described  in
            2.4.11 and obeys the added special-character conventions for
            Carriage Return, Altmode, Backspace, Rubout, Line Feed,  ^R,
            and  ^U  described  in  2.4..1,  2.4.2,  2.4.3,  2.4.10, and
            2.4.14, above.

      2.4.16 The Alter mode character-matching  facility,  used  by  the
            "S", "K", and "@" commands, has been improved.

            First, letter comparisons will be either exact  (upper  case
            distinct  from  lower  case) or folded (upper case and lower
            case are equal) depending on the  setting  of  the  "/EXACT"
            switch  and  the  ",E"  argument, as described in item 2.28,
            below.

            Second, all pattern match special characters as described in
            item  2.29,  below,  except "any number of" and "one or more
            of", may be used as  target  characters.   This  means,  for
            example,  that  the  command  "K?:"  when in /C128 mode will
            delete all characters through the next "Separator".

      2.4.17  The  "^R"  function  now  prints  the  correct  number  of
            characters when following a "-D" command.

      2.4.18 The Join function ("J") when given while positioned at  the
            beginning  of  a  line  now  deletes  the  first  line while
            appending the text of that line to the beginning of the next
            line.   This  was  done to facilitate alignment of text into
            evenly spaced lines.

      2.4.19 The "V" command (Stanford case inversion command) has  been
            implemented  for  Alter mode.  If the current character is a
            letter, the "V" command inverts  its  case  and  spaces  one
            character  to the left.  Otherwise, the "V" command performs
            no action.  A repeat count may be specified, to  permit  the
            case  of  consequitive  letters to be inverted;  or the same
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 6


            effect may be achieved by  using  the  "V"  command  as  the
            subject  of  the "@" command.  However, the "V" command only
            works left-to-right;  a minus sign (negative  repeat  count)
            may not be given.

2.5   The following changes have been made to  SOS's  handling  of  data
      files and file specifications:

      2.5.1 SOS now uses that PATH.  UUO to verify  that  a  LOOKUP  has
            found the desired file in the specified disk area.  This may
            occur when the user's search list has /LIB,  /SYS,  or  /NEW
            set.   Specifically,  in the normal SOS operation, when only
            one file is specified and /READONLY is not  in  effect,  the
            specified  file  must be found in the disk area requested in
            order to be edited.  This means that if you attempt to  edit
            a  file,  which exists in your library area (i.e., on LIB:),
            the file will be created in your area and  not  edited  from
            LIB:.   To  edit a file from LIB:, you must specify the file
            as "LIB:file.ext".

      2.5.2 In the normal SOS operation, when only one file is specified
            and /READONLY is not in effect, if you have requested that a
            file be edited that is not in either your  default  path  or
            your own disk area, SOS treats that as a request to read the
            file from the specified  disk  area  and  write  the  edited
            version  onto  your default path.  This is an "implied copy"
            operation.

            When  SOS  does  an  implied  copy,   it   uses   the   file
            specification  "DSK:file.ext[-]".   SOS  follows  the normal
            rules, as given  in  2.5.3,  below,  for  setting  the  file
            protection on the resulting output file.  To edit a file "in
            place" in another disk area, you must give  the  other  disk
            area as both the input and output file specifications.

            Because  this  feature  is  designed  to   keep   the   less
            experienced    SOS   user   from   getting   into   trouble,
            installations serving the more experienced user may  disable
            this   feature  with  the  "FTIMPCPY"  conditional  assembly
            switch.

      2.5.3 Whenever you give a file spec to SOS, you  may  now  include
            the  protection  to  be associated with that file as part of
            the  file  specification,  as  in  "SAMPLE.CBL<157>".    The
            protection last typed as part of the file spec on either the
            input or output side of the initial  command  line,  as  the
            argument to /NAME, or as the new file name on the "E" or "W"
            commands will set the protection for the edited output file.
            If   no   protection   is   specified,   SOS  will  use  the
            system-standard  protection  when  creating  files  and  the
            file's current protection when editing existing files.

      2.5.4 Whenever SOS types a file specification out, for example  at
            the  end  of  an  editing session, it will only type out the
            device if  it  is  not  DSK:   (or  a  file  structure  name
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 7


            equivalent  to  DSK:), only type out the protection if it is
            not the system standard, and only type the file's path if it
            is not your default path.  A file structure is equivalent to
            DSK:  when it is in the  system  search  list  (i.e.,  is  a
            public  structure),  when  it  is  the only structure in the
            user's active search list, and when it has the  normal  file
            structure /WRITE and /CREATE attributes.

      2.5.5 When editing from one file to another, SOS will type out the
            file specifications as

                  Edit: <old file>  as  <new file>

            to inform you that a copy operation is being performed as  a
            part  of  the editing process.  If /CREATE has been set, the
            message is typed as

                  Edit: <old file>  creating  <new file>

            to indicate this.  Note that a copy operation may be implied
            from  a  single  file spec accessing a file not in your disk
            area or on your default path, as described  in  item  2.5.2,
            above.

      2.5.6 All SOS output files are written in ASCII Line mode (mode 1)
            to better indicate their contents.

      2.5.7 SOS file specifications may now be placed on the  same  line
            as  the  RUN  or  R command initiating SOS by preceeding the
            file specifications with a "-".  Thus the command

                  .R   SOS  -  TEST.F4

            would be equivalent to the commands

                  .R   SOS

                  File:  TEST.F4

            but is simpler to type.  If you  have  previously  edited  a
            file,  and you wish to run SOS to edit or create a different
            file, typing a dash ("-") following the  RUN  or  R  command
            without  a file name will cause SOS to ignore the remembered
            file name.  (Note that this  is  a  new  description  of  an
            existing feature of SOS version 21(122).)

      2.5.8 SOS does not echo the name of the file being edited when the
            user  entered  the  file  name explicitly in response to the
            "File: "  prompt.   This  was  eliminated  since   in   that
            particular  case  the  user already knows what file is being
            edited.

      2.5.9 A "save" operation, caused either by the "W" command  or  an
            auto-save  operation  requested  by  the "/SAVE" or "/ISAVE"
            parameters, may now be done where the  desired  output  file
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 8


            protection  is  <400>  or greater.  In this case, the file's
            protection is set to <3xx> by the save operation  but  reset
            to  the desired protection at the end of the editing session
            ("E" or "G" commands).

      2.5.10 All SOS operations reading or  writing  files  from  ersatz
            devices  (e.g.,  NEW:,  OLD:,  HLP:,  LIB:,  etc.) will work
            correctly.  When accessing ersatz devices, SOS  will  ignore
            any  PPNs  specified  by  the  user  since  the  device name
            overrides the PPN.

      2.5.11 The effect of the "/DELETE" switch or the "ED" command  has
            been  modified when SOS has a specified output file which is
            not the same as the input file.  This  situation  can  occur
            when the user has typed an SOS command such as

                  .SOS  FILE.NEW = FILE.OLD

            or when the user has set a new output file with the  "/NAME"
            command.   When  this  occurs,  SOS will delete only the new
            file (FILE.NEW in the above example) and only when  SOS  has
            written  a  new copy of that file.  Thus, when only one file
            has  been  specified  (the   so-called   "browse-and-delete"
            function)  /DELETE  will  delete that file;  when both input
            and output files have been given /DELETE  will  delete  only
            the output file and never the input file.

      2.5.12 WARNING:  PLANETS users should  be  aware  of  a  potential
            naming conflict between SOS backup files (*.Q??) and PLANETS
            quarterly data banks (*.QTR).  To prevent the  PLANETS  data
            banks  from  being  deleted  by  the  DELETE  command (as in
            ".DELETE  *.Q*"), the  data  banks  should  be  given  <5xx>
            protection.   If you use the KJOB command "/S" option (as in
            ".KJOB/S" or ".K/S") any protection  <100>  or  higher  will
            protect the data banks from deletion while logging out.

      2.5.13 When set in "/NOBAK" mode, SOS will not  delete  previously
            existing backup files (*.Q??) when saving a new version of a
            source file.  This permits a user to access  a  backup  file
            created  by  SOS  when  a source file was edited in "/NOBAK"
            mode after the same file had been  edited  in  "/BAK"  mode.
            This  change  also  makes  SOS  slightly more efficient when
            operating in "/NOBAK" mode.

            Although the standard default for the "/BAK /NOBAK /OLD" set
            of  switches  is "/BAK", a user may change what default with
            an SOS SWITCH.INI entry;  an  installation  may  now  change
            that  default  by  reassembly  of  SOS  after  changing  the
            "DEFBAK" conditional assembly switch.

      2.5.14 Because prior SOS code would not recover from "No  room  on
            disk"  error  while  writing  output  files,  SOS  now  sets
            "DSKFUL PAUSE" during editing sessions.   When  the  no-room
            error then occurs, SOS would then return to Monitor level to
            permit the user to eliminate the error  condition  and  then
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                 Page 9


            resume  editing  with  the  Monitor "CONTINUE" command.  SOS
            resets the "DSKFUL" setting to the user's prior setting upon
            exit.

            In addition, the user still may request SOS  to  check  that
            adequate  disk  space  exists before writing each block of a
            file by setting the /CHECK parameter.  If  no  room  exists,
            SOS  enters  a  dialog with the user to permit correction of
            the error.

      2.5.15  The  format  of  the  "=DISK"  message  and  the  "/CHECK"
            diagnostic warning has been slightly reworded to clarify its
            meaning.

      2.5.16 To conform to  normal  DECsystem-10  conventions,  SOS  now
            looks for the "SWITCH.INI" option file on the user's default
            path ("[-]")  and  uses  the  user's  PPN  ("[,]")  for  the
            "???EDS.TMP"  and  "???EDT.TMP"  command files.  Writing the
            command files in  the  user's  own  area  assures  that  SOS
            commands  will  remain  remembered when the user changes his
            default path and makes SOS perform consistently whether  the
            files are written on disk or in TMPCOR.

      2.5.17 Where an input file can be read, but not renamed or deleted
            by SOS, SOS now assumes the file is to read as /READONLY and
            types an appropriate warning message.

      2.5.18 When editing existing files, SOS attempts to optimize  disk
            file  allocation  by  taking the actual size of the old file
            and passing that size to the Monitor as  an  estimated  file
            size  of  the  new  file being created.  Where disk space is
            available, this means that the new version of the file  will
            get  contiguous  allocated disk space.  This tends to reduce
            overall disk space fragmentation and increase the  speed  at
            which  the  new  file  may be read.  However, no extra space
            will be used if the new file is shorter than the  old;   nor
            will  anything bad happen if the new file is longer than the
            old or if not enough contiguous space is available.

            This optimization is done by using extended LOOKUP and ENTER
            UUOs.   Similarly,  SOS now used the CHKACC UUO to determine
            access privileges for all files being read or written.  When
            SOS  detects  that  it cannot write a file to a certain disk
            area, it gives the fatal message

                  ? Insufficient privileges to write file

            and exits to the Monitor.  No  editing  work  will  be  lost
            because  this  condition will be detected at the start of an
            editing session.

            This change should mean that SOS will never be able  to  get
            in  the  situation when exiting that the user cannot respond
            the the message
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 10


                  ?File write-protected.  Try another name.
                  File:

            because SOS has written a temporary file in a disk area with
            a  protection  which  prevents SOS from renaming or changing
            the protection of the file.  Determining  access  privileges
            with the CHKACC UUO means that [1,2] users may edit files in
            any disk area regardless of their protection.

      2.5.19 Because SOS remembers that the file being edited  has  been
            changed to determine whether to write a new copy of the file
            when wrapping around to the beginning, when saving the  file
            ("W"  command),  or when exiting ("E" or "G" command), logic
            has been added so that changing a line to  itself  will  not
            count as a change to the file.

            In a related improvement, the Save command  ("W")  will  not
            write  a new copy of the file or reposition to the beginning
            of  the  file  when  the  file   has   not   been   changed.
            Furthermore, commands that change the file to itself are not
            counted by the /SAVE auto-save feature.

            These changes will reduce SOS overhead.

2.6   The SOS mode /UPPER or /LOWER now is effective to invert the  case
      when  in  /C128  mode.   This  makes  more  sense  that  the prior
      implementation, because if the user is working  on  an  upper-case
      only  (/M33) terminal (s)he has no control over case in /C64 mode.
      In contrast, if the user is working  on  upper/lower  case  (/M37)
      terminals in /C64 mode typing characters out in inverted case when
      the terminal can display both upper  and  lower  case  letters  is
      likely  to be confusing.  This means that /LOWER mode controls the
      inversion of only /C128 (not /C64) upper or lower case letters.

2.7   Indirect command files may now invoke other indirect command files
      with  the  "@"  command.  Note that this invokation is a permanent
      transfer of control to the next indirect file, and is not  in  the
      nature of a subroutine call.

      As a convenience for the user,  reaching  an  end-of-file  on  the
      indirect  command  file  will  now  not clear further SOS commands
      typed ahead on the terminal.

2.8   When an "=" command is read from an  indirect  command  file,  the
      name  of  the requested variable is typed out to indicate the user
      what is being displayed.

2.9   When reading commands from  an  indirect  file,  the  ^O  terminal
      status  is  not  cleared  between  commands,  so that the user may
      easily suppress all typed output.

2.10  The "implied ." convention has been implemented.  This means  that
      where  you would use a "." to indicate the current line number (as
      in ".+1"), you may omit the "." and SOS will  assume  it  for  you
      (i.e., the above example ".+1" may also be given as "+1").
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 11


      Normally, when SOS is in Novice mode (the default) SOS will assume
      the  "."  only  in  the  middle  of  the  command, as in "I;10" or
      "D:500".  When in Expert mode, the SOS  commands  "D",  "R",  "X",
      "M",  "K",  "A",  "JU",  "J", ".", "VV", "VU", and "VL" when typed
      without any arguments, as in "D<CR>" or "A<CR>", will  specify  an
      operation  on  the  current  line.  Thus, the examples given if in
      Expert mode will, respectively, delete and alter the current line.

      However, the commands "P", "I", "L", and  "N"  will  retain  their
      current  implementation  for  an  unspecified  range.  The command
      "P<CR>" will print "PLINES" of text starting at the current  line;
      "I<CR>"  will continue the previous insert operation;  and "L<CR>"
      will list the entire  file.   Also,  a  null  range  for  the  "N"
      command, as in "N<CR>" or "N50<CR>" will renumber the entire file.

      The SSCC has had this feature implemented for several  years.   It
      has proven most natural to use, and therefore is very popular with
      Brookings SOS users.

2.11  For compatability between the "T" and  "C"  commands  as  compared
      with  the  "I" and "R" commands, the "T" and "C" commands will now
      accept the increment delimited by a semi-colon as well as a comma.

2.12  For the "I" and "R" commands, you may now specify  the  number  of
      lines to be inserted with a "!" as well as with a ";!" delimiter.

      Care must be taken for the "R" command.  The command "Rn!m"  means
      "delete  'm'  lines starting at line 'n' and then insert using the
      current increment" NOT  "delete  line  'n'  and  insert  using  an
      increment that will permit 'm' lines of insertion." To specify the
      latter, the command  would  have  to  be  "Rn;!m",  with  the  ";"
      specifying  that  the  "!m"  is an insertion count and not a range
      specification.   However,  the  command  "Rn!m!k"  is  legal   and
      specifies  the deletion of 'm' lines starting at line 'n' followed
      by an insertion with an increment which will permit 'k'  lines  of
      text.

      When  you  specify  the  number  of  lines  to  be  inserted,  SOS
      automatically  computes  the largest reasonable increment that may
      be used to insert that number of lines at that place in the  file.
      The  increment  is selected from the list (1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25,
      40, 50, 100) but cannot exceed your current permanent increment.

2.13  When an "I" or "R"  command  terminates,  SOS  now  remembers  the
      increment  being  used,  as well as the position, for use with the
      next "I<CR>" command.

2.14  When in Novice mode,  the  message  giving  the  number  of  lines
      deleted  for  the  "R"  command now appears before the replacement
      lines are inserted, and not afterward as before.  Also, a  similar
      message is produced when lines are deleted by the "T" command.

2.15  The 128-character-set mode (C128) escape character has been made a
      user  parameter.  It may be set to any printing special character;
      the default is "?", which is compatible  with  older  versions  of
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 12


      SOS.   The  SSCC believes that "?" is a preferred escape character
      over "'",  because  "'"  has  syntactic  meaning  in  many  common
      programming languages, among them MACRO, FORTRAN, and COBOL, while
      "?" does not have such a wide-spread meaning.  In any event,  this
      implementation  permits  an  installation  to  change  the default
      escape character by setting the assembly parameter  "DFC128",  and
      permits  each user to have his default set via SWITCH.INI.  To set
      the escape character, the command

            /C128:<character>

      is used, where "<character>" is the desired C128 escape character.
      The command

            /C128

      with no argument sets C128 mode but does  not  change  the  escape
      character,  and  the  command  "=CASE"  displays  the current C128
      escape character when SOS is in C128 mode.

      The rules for C128 character mapping are consistent  with  current
      implementation;   the  current  C128  escape character always maps
      into itself for input or output while all other characters  follow
      the  current  C128  mappings.   Item  2.51,  below,  describes the
      addition of Rubout as a new /C128 character.

      If "?" is the current C128 escape character while  "/C128"  is  in
      effect  typing "??" on input would supply one "?" while one "?" in
      a text file would type out as "??".   As  a  further  convenience,
      both  of  the  characters  "?"  and  "'",  if  not the C128 escape
      character, map into <BELL> (^G) so  that  that  character  may  be
      entered  with  either "?" or "'" as the escape character, e.g., as
      "?'" or "'?", respectively.  Note that setting  the  /C128  escape
      character  to  any  special character other than "?" or "'", while
      legal, will preempt the normal use of a /C128 character value.

2.16  The renumber command  ("N")  has  been  improved.   If  the  first
      argument   (the  increment)  is  omitted,  the  current  permanent
      increment is used.  This makes "N" consistent with "I", "R",  "T",
      and "C".

      Second, to prevent the  creation  of  "Order"  errors,  the  error
      message  "%Illegal  starting line number" ("%ISLN" in Expert mode)
      is given if the specified starting line number for the first  page
      is not greater than the preceeding line.

      Third, the starting line number for subsequent pages (i.e., when a
      "N"  command  renumbers  more  than  one  page) is taken to be the
      specified increment if one was specified, or the "START" parameter
      if  none  was given.  (See 2.17, below.) Furthermore, the user may
      specify the starting line  number  for  subsequent  pages  with  a
      newly-added fourth parameter to the renumber command.

      Fourth, and  perhaps  most  important,  when  the  third  argument
      (starting  line number for the first page) is omitted, it defaults
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 13


      to the specified first line number of the renumbering  range  when
      there  is  a  previous line on the same page, and otherwise to the
      starting line number for subsequent pages.  This change means,  as
      a  practical matter, the user never has to specify a starting line
      number for normal renumbering operations.

2.17  The SOS parameters "START", "STEP", and "INCR" will always be used
      for determining line numbers.  START defines the first line number
      on a new page, where a page is being created or does not have  any
      lines;   STEP  defines  the increment to use when reading existing
      unsequenced ASCII files;  and INCR is the increment  to  use  when
      creating or copying lines.

2.18  The file-specification on the Copy command ("C") when copying from
      another file will now default to the previous file from which text
      was copied.  If no  previous  copy-from-file  operation  has  been
      performed, attempting to default the file specification will be an
      illegal command.  The file specification is defaulted by  omitting
      it  from  the  normal  copy command.  When a file specification is
      defaulted, SOS  will  indicate  the  file  being  used  by  typing
      "Copy: <file spec>"  to  the user.  If the default is not desired,
      typing "EQ" will terminate the command  if  the  search  mode  (/S
      option)  has  been  taken.  This feature should facilitate copying
      multiple pieces of text from the same file.

2.19  Several improvements have been made to the Transfer ("T") and Copy
      ("C") commands.  First, the informational messages indicating that
      an increment has been chosen (the "INC1="  and  "INC2="  messages)
      will  be  suppressed  when  it  was  not  necessary  to  choose an
      increment, even though the user did  not  supply  one.   This  can
      occur  when  a  single line is inserted between two lines, or when
      during a multiple-page insertion  the  last  page  transferred  is
      given a page of its own.

      Second, when it is necessary to choose an increment, and the  user
      did  not  supply  one,  SOS will apply the same algorithm used for
      insertions  (see  2.12,  above)  and  select  either  the  current
      increment  or  the  largest rounded increment that will permit all
      lines to be inserted.  Also, when selecting an increment SOS  will
      now  reasonably  generate  the  first  line number of the inserted
      text.

      Third, if during a Copy or Transfer operation while SOS is  moving
      all  text  to  be  inserted  to free core it runs out of core, the
      "%Not Enough Core" ("%NEC") error message will indicate  the  line
      and  page number at which core was exceeded.  This will permit the
      user to break the Copy or Transfer operation into smaller chunks.

2.20  The definition of the Print command with  no  arguments  ("P<CR>")
      has  been  "print 'PLINE' lines starting at the current line".  To
      assist the user in paging down through the file with this command,
      SOS  will  not  reprint  the  current  line  of successive "P<CR>"
      commands;  rather, the first such command  will  print  as  before
      while  all  successive  commands  will  start printing at the next
      line.  This means that lines will not get typed twice  when  doing
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 14


      successive "P<CR>" commands.

2.21  The bug that any "save" operation, either  a  "W"  command  or  an
      auto-save  function  requested  by  the /SAVE or /ISAVE parameter,
      while reading an indirect command  file  resulted  in  an  "IO  to
      unassigned channel" error has been fixed.

2.22  The Move command (".<line number>"), which sets the  current  line
      number  to the specified line, has been made more flexible.  It no
      longer requires that the specified line exist;  if  is  does  not,
      the  current  line is set to the next line following the specified
      line.  Also, the command "./n" will set the current line to be the
      first  line  on  page 'n', or to line 'START' (see 2.17, above) if
      the page is empty.

2.23  SOS now has the "/CREATE" and "/EDIT" switches.   "/CREATE"  tells
      SOS not to read an existing file and to give the user an option to
      rename his created file or delete the existing file  of  the  same
      name  before writing the new version of that file.  "/EDIT" causes
      SOS  to  operate  as  it  previously  always  did,   reading   and
      superceding  existing  files  but  permitting  the  user to create
      nonexistent files.  "/EDIT" is the default when SOS is run by  the
      RUN  UUO,  or  by the RUN, R, SOS, or EDIT commands;  "/CREATE" is
      the default when SOS is run with the  CREATE  command.   "/CREATE"
      and  "/EDIT"  switches override the /READONLY switch;  those three
      switches are mutually exclusive.  These switches may only be given
      on the initial command line or in SWITCH.INI.

      When SOS is in a "/CREATE" mode, the "=NAME" command will now type
      "Creating  <file spec>"  to indicate this.  Similarly, when SOS is
      in  /READONLY  mode,  the  "=NAME"  command  will  type   "Reading
      <file spec>".

2.24  Some changes to internal text buffer handling have  made  the  new
      SOS more efficient than earlier versions.  While some improvements
      apply  to  all  commands  which  operate  on  text,  the   largest
      improvements  will be seen for Insert, Replace, Copy, and Transfer
      commands.  At the extreme, a 44% reduction in CPU  time  has  been
      observed while doing a large (50 textual page) Copy operation.

2.25  As a convenience to  the  user,  and  to  conform  SOS  to  normal
      DECsystem-10  command scanning, the user may now omit the trailing
      "]" on file specifications when that would be the  last  character
      of the line.

2.26  On certain types of terminals (Texas Instruments Silent 700 at 300
      baud, for example) the "<LF>" command (print next line) overprints
      part of the sequence number of the line printed, due to a  Monitor
      design  deficiency  in terminal character handling.  To assist the
      users when the happens, the "/DPY" mode may  be  set.   Note  that
      "/DPY"  is  designed  to  produce  terminal  output compressed for
      display terminals (CRTs) and this  added  benefit  is  unintended.
      For  example,  "/DPY" mode also suppresses the blank line normally
      typed before the "Page n" output.
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 15


2.27  The "Decide" option for the Substitute command ("S"), for the Find
      command ("F" - see item 2.47, below), and for context line numbers
      ("$<string>$<CR>" as a line number) has been improved.

      First, when SOS is waiting for a user decision, it will clear  the
      terminal's  ^O  status,  type  the  line  to be accepted, and then
      prompt with the characters "D*".

      Second, when an incorrect response has been typed for  the  Decide
      input,  SOS  will  type  "? ",  clear  type-ahead,  and  ring  the
      terminal's audible alarm (bell) to indicate the  error.   It  will
      then wait for a correct input.

      Third, when the "Rubout" or "Delete" response is typed to indicate
      that the changes or the line is not accepted or when "E" or "Q" is
      typed to terminate a Find or Substitute command, when you are  not
      in Expert mode SOS will type an appropriate confirmation.

      Fourth, the global SOS parameter "/DECIDE" will now be applied  to
      context  line  number  searches  as  well  as  Find and Substitute
      commands.

      Fifth,  the  effect  of  the  ",D"  parameter  for  the  Find  and
      Substitute  commands  and  for  context line number searches is to
      invert the setting of "/DECIDE".  Thus, if "/DECIDE" is  set,  the
      ",D"  parameter will tell SOS not to perform the command in Decide
      mode.

2.28  The  Exact-match  parameter  ",E",  on  the  Find  and  Substitute
      commands, and on the context line number search, has been extended
      to have features analogous to the Decide option described in 2.27,
      above.

      First, for the Alter command ("A")  and  for  the  Extend  command
      ("X")  the  exact-match  parameter  (",E")  has  been added.  This
      permits the user the control whether  the  case  of  a  letter  is
      considered  when doing character comparisons for the "S", "K", and
      "@" Alter-mode commands, as described in 2.4.16, above.

      Second,  the  parameters  "/EXACT"  and   "/NOEXACT"   have   been
      implemented  to  control  the  default  for character comparisons.
      /EXACT implies that upper case letters  are  distinct  from  lower
      case  letters;   /NOEXACT  treats  upper and lower case letters as
      equivalent when comparing characters.  The command  "=EXACT"  will
      display  the  "/EXACT"  switch  setting;  the initial condition is
      "/NOEXACT".

      Third, the definition of the ",E" parameter has  been  changed  to
      make ",E" invert the current "/EXACT" default value.

      Fourth, the bug which caused the ",E" parameters on the  Find  and
      Substitute commands to interact has been eliminated.

2.29  Several  new  pattern  matching  special   functions   have   been
      implemented,  so  that  SOS and TECO Version 23 would have similar
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 16


      capabilities.   These  functions  are   implemented   as   special
      characters,  similar to the existing pattern matching functions in
      SOS;  these characters may be entered  as  either  "/C128"  double
      characters  or  by typing the appropriate control characters.  All
      pattern-matching special characters are now as follows:

      Character C128 rep New?  Use?               Description
      --------- -------- ----  ----     --------------------------------
         ^^       ?7     No   Any       "Quote" next character;  the
                                        next character is taken for
                                        itself without any special
                                        interpretation
         ^E       ?%     No   Pattern   "Not" next character
         ^X       ?9     Yes  Pattern   Any alphameric (0-9, A-Z, a-z)
         ^A       ?!     Yes  Pattern   Any letter (A-Z, a-z)
         ^F       ?&     Yes  Pattern   Any upper-case letter (A-Z)
         ^W       ?2     Yes  Pattern   Any lower-case letter (a-z)
         ^P       ?+     Yes  Pattern   Any decimal digit (0-9)
         ^\       ?<     Yes  Pattern   Space or Horizontal Tab
          |       ?:     No   Pattern   Any separator (Note this
                                        character is vertical bar, 174
                                        octal, not back slash as
                                        produced on some line printers.)
         ^T(*)    ?/     No   Pattern   Any character (equivalent to
                                        "Not End of line")
         ^]       ?>     Yes  Pattern   End of line (equivalent to "Not
                                        Any Character")
         ^N       ?)     No   F,S       "Any number of" next character
                                        (zero or more occurrences)
         ^V       ?1     Yes  F,S       "One or more of" the next
                                        character
         ^O       ?*     No   String    Substitute string number
                                        delimiter
         ^B       ?"     No   String    Next substitute string

       (*) Needs "SET TTY RTCOMPATABILITY" to be available for SOS use.

      Notice that all characters identified as "Pattern"  usage  may  be
      used  as  arguments  for Alter mode character-comparison commands;
      and all characters identified as either "Pattern" or  "F,S"  usage
      may be used in context line search strings.

      A brief description of the SOS pattern-matching algorithm might be
      in  order  here:   The  SOS pattern-matching algorithm will always
      match the shortest, leftmost string that corresponds to the  given
      pattern.   (This is the same algorithm the SNOBOL languages use.) 
      This affects the user in several  significant  ways:   First,  the
      "any  number  of"  operator  likes to match zero characters, since
      that is the shortest possible string.  When  "any  number  of"  is
      used  as the first or last match in a pattern it will always match
      zero characters;  in those positions  it  is  redundant!   Second,
      since the "end of line" operator may match either the beginning or
      the end of a line, when it is given first in  a  pattern  it  will
      match  the  beginning  and  when given last it will match the end.
      Obviously, when it is given in the middle of a pattern other  than
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 17


      one  consisting  of "any number of" operators colllapsing to zero,
      that pattern will never successfully match anything.

2.30  The optional modifiers (",E", ",D", ",nnn",  etc.)  which  may  be
      specified  on the Find, Substitute, Print, and Extend commands and
      on the context line search string may  now  be  specified  in  any
      order.   However,  each  modifier may only be specified once.  For
      the syntax of the Find command, see item 2.47, below.

      For the Substitute ("S") command, if ",N" (suppress  printing  the
      changed line) is typed and Decide mode is in effect because either
      "/DECIDE" has been set or the ",D" option was given, the effect is
      to  perform substitutions using the normal Decide operations until
      the "G" reply (leave Decide mode)  is  given,  at  which  time  no
      further  substitutions  are  typed.  This could be very useful for
      "debugging" a Substitute command before  performing  a  number  of
      substitutions.

2.31  Changes have been made in the default range and repeat counts  for
      the Find and Substitute commands, and for the context line search,
      to make the defaults more consistent and rational.

      For the Find command, the default when a search  string  has  been
      given without a range or count (i.e., a command like "F<string>$",
      the normal case) is to search from the current line to the end  of
      the  file  for the next single occurrence of the string.  When the
      search string is not given, either for a "F" or "F$" command,  the
      default  is search from the next line to the end of the preceeding
      Find command range (which could be to  the  end  of  file  by  the
      preceeding  default)  for the next single occurrence of the search
      string given in the preceeding Find command.

      For the Substitute command, the  default  when  the  old  and  new
      strings have been given without a range or count is to search from
      the current line to the end of the file  and  make  a  replacement
      only  in  the first line found which contains the matching string.
      When no search strings have been specified,  as  in  "S<CR>",  the
      default  is  to  search  from  the  next  line  to  the end of the
      preceeding Substitute range (which might also  have  defaulted  to
      end of file) and make the substitution on the next single matching
      line.  This is done to make "S"  function  similarly  to  the  "F"
      command,   and  to  minimize  the  harm  done  if  one  types  "S"
      accidently.  However, to permit the user to perform a  potentially
      large  number of pre-specified substitutions, the default for "S$"
      command is to search  from  the  next  line  to  the  end  of  the
      preceeding Substitute range and make all substitutions.

      The context line search follows the same conventions as  the  Find
      command.

      Starting the search range with the current line whenever the  user
      types  a  new  search  string  (rather  than defaulting the search
      string with "F$...<CR>", "F<CR>", "S$...<CR>", or "S<CR>") assures
      that  SOS  will  never miss a potentiallly matching line.  Because
      the  improvement  is  an  obvious  external  change  to  the   SOS
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 18


      specifications,  this  improvement  is  under  the  control of the
      "DEFCRL" conditional assembly switch.

2.32  The output produced by the "=STRING" command has been  limited  to
      display  only the Find, Substitute, or context line search strings
      that the user has actually previously defined.

2.33  The "/NAME" command has been made illegal when "/READONLY"  is  in
      effect,  so  that the user is prohibited from making a name change
      on the file being read and to simplify some internal logic.  /NAME
      is  also  illegal  on  the initial command line or as a SWITCH.INI
      parameter for much the same reasons.

2.34  As a convenience for users running SOS on slow terminals,  and  as
      an  efficiency  improvement,  SOS will not type out the Horizontal
      Tab following the sequence number when typing a null line.

2.35  To assist users in documenting SOS indirect command files, and  to
      permit  annotation of SOS terminal sessions, SOS now has a comment
      command (";").  When ";" is typed as  an  SOS  command,  any  text
      following  the  ";"  through the next Carriage Return or Line Feed
      character is ignored.

2.36  Several options have been added to the Exit  ("E")  and  Go  ("G")
      commands.   These are "N" to unsequence (as in "EN" or "GN", which
      is identical to "ES" or "GS"  but  is  consistent  with  PIP's  /N
      unsequencing  switch);   "X" to exit (as in "EX" or "GX", which is
      identical to "E" or "G" but could help out the user familiar  with
      TECO);   and  the  new  facility "T".  The "ET" or "GT" command is
      designed to produce  continuous  textual-format  output  files  in
      which  both the SOS sequence numbers and Page Marks (including the
      Form Feed characters) have been removed.

      This continuous-text output option may also  be  selected  by  the
      "/TEXT" command.  Since "/TEXT", "/SEQUENCE" and "/UNSEQUENCE" are
      mutually exclusive options, the setting of "/TEXT" is displayed by
      the "=SEQUENCE" command.

2.37  Some additional support for users editing BASIC programs with  SOS
      has been provided.

      First, the default for editing  or  creating  any  file  with  the
      extension  'BAS' is now "/BASIC".  However, this may be overridden
      by the "/NOBASIC"  switch  on  the  initial  command  line  or  in
      SWITCH.INI.

      Second, the default processor  to  run  for  a  "G"  command  when
      "/BASIC" is set is now "SYS:BASIC".

      Third, because the SOS sequence number is part of  the  syntax  of
      the  BASIC  language,  the  Renumber,  Copy, or Transfer commands,
      which will modify the existing  sequence  numbering,  produce  the
      query  "Destroy numbering in BASIC file?" when not in Expert mode.
      The user may reply "Y" or "N" to the  question;   the  "N"  answer
      aborts the command and no harm is done.
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 19


      Fourth, for compatability with BASIC, SOS will not given the "?Bad
      BASIC  file  format"  error when a Form-Feed character is the last
      character in a BASIC file.  Instead, the Form Feed is ignored.

2.39  To permit the user to  trade  off  response  time  and  core  size
      against  the amount of text in core and file wrap-around time, the
      "/CORE:nn" switch may be given on the initial command line.   This
      permits the user to specify the minimum amount of core ("nn") in K
      (1024 words = 1 K) that SOS will  reserve  for  the  in-core  text
      buffer.    SOS  will  actually  allocate  the  minimum  core  size
      specified and then utilize all available core up to the next K (or
      P)  boundary.   The default minimum core size is 1.5K, which turns
      out to be equivalent to a "/CORE:1"  specification.   The  default
      text  buffer  size  may  be  changed  be  redefining  the assembly
      parameter "DEFCOR".

      Users may determine the first line number currently in  core  with
      the  "=LOC" command and may determine the current core used by SOS
      with the Monitor's ^T command.   The  "/CORE"  switch  allows  SOS
      users  on  Virtual  Memory systems to keep larger sections of text
      files in core.

2.40  The ^C trapping implementation has been improved.  First, when SOS
      is at command level (an asterisk prompt has been typed), typing ^C
      followed by either a "C" (continue) or "R" (reenter) response will
      now reprompt with another asterisk.

      Second, when typing commands or text into SOS, typing ^C  followed
      by   either   "R"   (reenter)  or  "E"  (exit)  will  take  effect
      immediately.  In the prior implementation, the user had to type  a
      Carriage Return for the reentry or exit to occur.

      Third, the explanatory text typed in  response  to  "H"  has  been
      re-written to make it easier to understand by the casual SOS user.

2.41  As a user-selected option, SOS will now  produce  a  more  compact
      file  format  for  sequence-numbered  output  files.  In this file
      format, lines are not line-blocked;  there is no wasted  space  in
      the file for zero "space-filler" words except that the last single
      word in a block might be zero to prevent a  sequence  number  word
      and  its  following  Horizontal  Tab  from being split between two
      blocks.  In one test of a  fifty-block  MACRO  source  file,  this
      option  resulted  in  a  4%  reduction  in  file size.  The actual
      reduction in size depends on the contents of the data  file  being
      compressed  and  the  cluster  size of file structure on which the
      file is written.  Whatever size reduction is achieved will also be
      reflected  in  a corresponding decrease in the transfer time every
      time the file is subsequently read.

      This option may  be  selected  by  the  "/BLOCK"  and  "/COMPRESS"
      switches,  which may be given only on the initial SOS command line
      or in SWITCH.INI.   "/BLOCK"  specifies  that  line-blocking,  the
      previous SOS file format, should be written;  this is the default.
      "/COMPRESS" specifies the new compressed  file  format  should  be
      written.  These switches only apply to the format of files written
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 20


      by SOS (including temporary work files);  all versions of SOS will
      read  files  written  in either file format.  The command "=BLOCK"
      will display the file format in which the file is  being  written.
      The  default  switch  value  is  set with the conditional assembly
      switch "DEFBLK".

      We believe that all processors will accept both  line-blocked  and
      compressed  SOS  files without change;  however, because not every
      processor has been tested the default has been  set  to  "/BLOCK".
      For  example,  we  have  confirmed  that  FILCOM will not find any
      differences between line-blocked and compressed  versions  of  one
      sequence-numbered  file.   If  a  user  determines  that  all  the
      programs that (s)he runs will accept compressed  SOS  files,  that
      user's  own  default  may  be changed with a SWITCH.INI parameter.
      Users are requested to report any programs  which  will  not  read
      compressed SOS files.

2.42  The correct range of deleted lines is reported in Novice mode  for
      the  "D",  "R", and "T" commands, when the range spanned more than
      one page and no lines were deleted on the first page.

2.43  The range definition for the Delete ("D") command has been changed
      to  correspond  to  that  of  the  Transfer  ("T")  and Copy ("C")
      commands.  This change only affects Delete operations in which the
      first  line number as not been specified, as in "D/2" or "D/3:/5".
      In these cases, the Delete command now deletes both the Page  Mark
      preceeding  the  specified  page  (before  page  2,  and  page  3,
      respectively in the examples) as  well  as  the  contents  of  the
      specified  pages.   Thus,  the  first  example  would  delete  the
      contents of page 2 as well as the Page  Mark  preceeding  page  2,
      while  the  second  example would delete the contents of, and Page
      Marks preceeding, Pages 3, 4, and 5.  This would be the same  text
      which would be moved if the range specifier was used as the source
      lines of a Transfer or Copy command.  This change also means  that
      the  confirmation  message  "Massive  delete ok?" is produced only
      when SOS is going to delete one or more Page Marks from  the  file
      being edited.

2.44  Bugs  have  been  fixed  with  the   Replace   command   so   that
      multiple-page  replacements will never be inserted so as to create
      an Order error.

2.45  The Kill Page-Mark command  ("K")  has  been  extended  to  permit
      multiple  Page  Marks  to  be  killed  with a single command.  The
      syntax of the K command is now "K/n:/m", where  "n"  is  the  page
      number  of  the  first  Page Mark to be killed and "m" is the page
      number of the last Page Mark to be killed.  As  before,  only  one
      Page Mark may be removed, as in "K/2".

      In SOS notation, the "/n" Page Mark is  the  one  preceeding  page
      "n".  Because there is no Page Mark preceeding the first page of a
      file (SOS treats the beginning of the file as if it  were  a  Page
      Mark),  the  command  "K/1"  (or  the  equivalent  "K/^") can't do
      anything.  However, for consistency, the command "K/1"  is  legal;
      furthermore,  "/1"  may be used as the first page of range of Page
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 21


      Marks to be deleted.  Thus, for example, the command "K/1:/*" will
      delete  all  Page  Marks  in a file.  To prevent order errors when
      deleting Page Marks, use the command "NP" first  to  monotonically
      renumber the affected pages of the file.

2.46  To eliminate one potential  source  of  confusion,  SOS  will  not
      permit   users   to  number  a  line  as  "00000",  by  insertion,
      replacement, transfer, copy, or renumbering.  If users attempt  to
      do so, SOS will start the first line number at the increment being
      used for the operation.

2.47  Three significant extensions have been  made  to  the  Find  ("F")
      command.

      First, a  "find not"  option  (",-")  has  been  added;   when  in
      "find not"  mode  the  Find  command reports a match on every line
      which does not contain the given pattern.  We expect this facility
      to be most useful for applications such as finding all non-comment
      lines in a FORTRAN program.

      Second, a Decide option (",D")  has  been  added;   this  is  very
      similar to the Decide option of the Substitute command.

      Third, the number of operations that may  be  performed  on  lines
      found by a Find command has been increased from one (Alter) to six
      (Alter, Insert after, Replace, Delete, Mark, and  Extend).   These
      operations  may be permanently set on the Find command (as in ",A"
      for Alter), or if none has been specified on the command  one  may
      be selected as a Decide option reply (as in "A" to alter the found
      line,  similar   to   the   Substitute   command   Decide   option
      implementation).

      Thus, the complete Find command syntax is as follows:

                                                         [,A]
                                                         [,I]
                                                         [,R]
            F <string> $ [<range>] [,nnn] [,E] [,N] [,D] [,K] [,-]
                                                         [,M]
                                                         [,X]

      By item 2.30, above, the  command  modifiers  (optional  arguments
      preceeded  by  a  comma)  may  be  given  in  any order and in any
      combination.  However, only one of the  operations  (Alter,  etc.)
      may  be specified on a single Find command.  Also, notice that the
      Delete operation is specified with the letter "K", because "D"  is
      used for the Decide option.

      The effect of each of these new options is as follows:

         Decide (",D"):  The found line is typed (only the  line  number
      if ",N" parameter has been given) and the "D*" prompt is given, as
      described in item  2.27,  above.   The  legal  responses  are  " "
      (accept the line), Rubout (reject the line), "E" or "Q" (terminate
      the Find command), "G"  (accept  the  line  and  terminate  Decide
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 22


      option),  and if no operation has been specified any operation may
      be requested using the operation letter ("A", "I", "R", "K",  "M",
      or  "X").   The  Decide option was primarily implemented to permit
      the user to control what lines were operated on by a  pre-selected
      operation.   However,  it  is  also  useful to exploring a file by
      giving a large range and high repeat count on  the  Find  command,
      and  then  terminating the Find or operating on the found lines by
      the proper Decide reply.

         Insert (",I"):  The found line is typed and a  sequence  number
      is  chosen  and  typed  to permit insertion of a single line right
      after the found line.

         Replace (",R"):  The found line is typed and then deleted.   In
      Novice mode, the "Line deleted" message is typed.  Then the line's
      sequence number is typed to permit insertion of a single  line  at
      the same place.

         Delete (",K"):  The found line is typed and then  deleted.   In
      Novice mode, the "Line deleted" message is typed.

         Mark (",M"):  The found line is typed and a Page Mark  inserted
      before  the  found  line,  thus  making it the first line on a new
      page.  Unless "/NONUMBER" is set, the new page number is typed.

         Extend (",X"):  The found line is typed in Alter  mode  (unless
      ",N"  has  been specified) and the user can type extra text on the
      end of the line.

         Alter (",A"):  Functions as presently implemented.   In  normal
      operation, the Alter-mode cursor is positioned before the matching
      search string in the found line;  in "find not"  mode  the  cursor
      remains positioned at the left margin (see item 2.4.11, above).

      Note for both Insert and Replace, if an Altmode ("$") is typed  as
      the  first character of the line nothing is inserted.  However, if
      an Altmode is used to terminate the line of inserted  text,  there
      is no special action.

2.48  The "find not" facility (described in 2.47,  above)  may  also  be
      used  for  a  context line search.  The (",-") operator is used to
      specify "find not" for a context line search, just as it  is  used
      for the Find command.

2.49  SOS will now permit switches to be given  in  the  command  string
      between the input and output file specifications, as in

            .SOS  FILE.NEW/UNSEQ=FILE.OLD

      However, the user should  be  aware  that  SOS  switches  are  not
      file-specific,  i.e.,  the  switch  is  not  associated  with  the
      filespec it follows;  rather, this change merely permits the  user
      to type SOS command strings with more flexibility.

2.50  The Stanford-type case inversion commands ("VV", "VU",  and  "VL")
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 23


      have  been  implemented.  These commands take as arguments a range
      of lines, optionally followed by ",S" to  suppress  printing  line
      numbers, and operate on the case of all letters found on all lines
      within the range;  all the lines in  the  range  are  typed.   The
      commands  are  "VV",  invert  case;  "VU", set to upper case;  and
      "VL", set to lower case.

2.51  In /C128 mode, the Rubout character (177 octal) may now be entered
      into  text  or  used as a search character by typing the character
      pair "?\".  As before, Rubout will type out in C128 mode as "?\".

2.52  When in /NONUMBER mode, SOS will now suppress the next "*" command
      following  a  "P"  or case-inversion ("VV", "VU", or "VL") command
      when the ",S" option is typed.

2.53  As an aid to users who enter primarily lower-case  text  with  SOS
      via  both upper and upper-lower case ASCII terminals, SOS will now
      force /UPPER as well as /M37 when run from  a  terminal  that  has
      "SET TTY LC"  in  effect.   This change permits such users to have
      /LOWER set in their SOS SWITCH.INI  files,  so  that  /LOWER  will
      apply when using SOS from upper-case-only ASCII terminals, such as
      the Teletype Model 33, but /UPPER will be set for upper/lower case
      ASCII  terminals,  since  the  user  can  control  case  with that
      terminal's shift key.  If this feature is not  desired,  the  user
      may override it by setting the /M37 switch.

2.54  SOS now supports the SAIL compiler's syntax-error interface.  This
      feature  gives  the SAIL user the option, when a SAIL syntax error
      is detected, of immediately editing the erroneous file,  beginning
      at the line where the error was detected.

2.55  To compensate for terminal output timing problems, SOS now  has  a
      special  routine  which makes sure all output generated by SOS has
      been typed or suppressed before ^O  terminal  status  is  cleared.
      (See  SPR  10-17094,  December  1,  1975 DECsystem-10 Dispatch, p.
      57).  SOS clears ^O before typing the "*"  prompt,  before  typing
      any  error  messages,  and  before  typing  any messages that will
      require a response from the user.

2.56  As a safety measure to prevent the accidental deletion  of  edited
      files,  the  ED  command  (Exit  with  deletion)  now  asks  for a
      confirmation by typing

            Really delete the file? (Y or N)

      If you type "N", SOS ignores  the  "ED"  command  and  returns  to
      asterisk  level.  If you type "Y", SOS deletes the file and exits,
      as before.  See item 2.5.11,  above,  for  a  description  of  the
      effect of the "ED" command.

2.57  To assist users in aligning text  to  specific  columns  within  a
      file,  SOS  now  has  the  "=COLUMN command.  This command types a
      template,  showing  column  numbers,  across  the  width  of   the
      terminal.   The  width  of  the  terminal  is  determined  by  the
      "SET TTY WIDTH" command (initially set to 72 by  the  Monitor  for
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 24


      most terminals).  The column template has the format

            123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123...etc.

      and respects the /NONUMBER switch, which causes  sequence  numbers
      to be suppressed.

2.58  As an  abbreviation  for  common  range  specifications,  SOS  now
      recognizes certain symbolic ranges.  These are as follows:

           Symbolic range     Replacing        Meaning
               BF:...         ^/^:...        Beginning of file
               BF!...         ^/^!...          (Same)
               ...:EF         ...:*/*        End of file
                 EF           ^/^:*/*        Entire file
               BF:EF          ^/^:*/*          (Same)

      These  symbolic  ranges  may  be  used  as  part  of   any   range
      specification (e.g., on a Find command).  However, they may not be
      used as a line number (e.g., on an Insert command), with  line  or
      page  number  arithmetic  (e.g.,  EF-10), or any combination other
      than as shown (BF, EF:..., EF!..., ...:BF are all illegal.)

      The symbolic range specifications differ from the "^/^" and  "*/*"
      line numbers in that "BF" and "EF" represent the lowest or highest
      lines that possibly could be in a file while the "^" and "*" forms
      represent  the  current  lowest or highest lines.  This means that
      symbolic ranges are more efficient  since  they  do  not  have  to
      inspect  the file to find an actual lowest or highest line number.
      Thus, use of the "BF" and "EF" range  specifications  may  prevent
      unnecessary wrap-arounds of the file being edited.

2.59  The error message  "% Illegal when READONLY"  ("%IRO"  in  /EXPERT
      mode)  has  been  added to better identify the error message given
      when an SOS command which would modify the file (C, D, I,  J,  JU,
      JR, JL, JC, JW, K, M, N, R, S, T, VV, VL, VU, W, X) is typed while
      in /READONLY mode.   Previously,  this  error  was  identified  as
      "% Illegal command" (%ILC).
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 25


3.0   KNOWN BUGS, DEFICIENCIES, and SUGGESTIONS.

3.1   In Alter mode, the commands "-K"  and  "-S"  operate  through  the
      specified  character,  while  in  a  forward  direction  they only
      operate to the character.  This has not been  changed  because  it
      might have been intended by prior SOS designers.

3.2   Two asterisks are printed if the user gives an "N" answer  to  the
      confirmation request following an "ED" command when reading a file
      in /READONLY mode.  Note that this bug probabily will not be fixed
      because  of  the obscurity of the conditions that produce the bug,
      the cosmetic  nature  of  the  bug,  and  relatively  large  patch
      required to fix it.

3.3   Error messages from OPEN, LOOKUP, ENTER, and RENAME UUOs with  the
      exception  of the initial LOOKUP of the file being edited are very
      cryptic.  This code should be rewritten  to  make  it  conform  to
      current DECsystem-10 coding practice.

3.4   Some column-oriented facility, including expansion  of  Horizontal
      Tab  characters,  should be provided.  A possible goal would be to
      make SOS be able to mimic the drum-card facility  of  a  keypunch.
      Note  for  this  to be properly done, the Monitor would have to be
      changed to permit the user  to  define  column  numbers  for  <HT>
      spacing, possibly via a TRMOP. extension.

3.5   Permitting the user to have modifiable and executable  scratch-pad
      memory,  similar to TECO's Q-registers, would be most useful.  One
      possible implementation would be providing a dynamically allocated
      "Page 0"  (nnnnn/0)  facility,  which could be edited with all SOS
      commands.

3.6   Permit the user to pre-specify  a  range  and  then  utilize  some
      shorthand  notation  to reference the first and last lines of that
      range.

3.7   Make SOS more tolerant of "junk" input files, such as binary files
      or those corrupted by TECO with random bit 35's on.

3.8   Accept device names as well as  file  names  in  response  to  the
      "File: "  prompt  typed  when an error is detected after an "E" or
      "W" command.

3.9   Permit the user to specify a maximum legal value for an  increment
      on the "N" (and other) commands.

3.10  Add more "Help"-type facilities,  such  as  "=HELP",  "/HELP",  or
      "HELP:SWITCHES" commands.

3.11  To permit the complete set of SOS features to be available without
      the  average  SOS  use paying a penalty in high-segment core size,
      split SOS into several  high  segments,  one  which  contains  the
      commonly-used SOS commands and others which contain those plus the
      rarely-used features.  Add code to select the proper segment based
      on the SOS commands each user has typed.
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 26


3.12  To reduce core for production (SYS:) versions of SOS, add a  DEBUG
      conditional   assembly   switch   to  eliminate  the  DDT-oriented
      features.

3.13  Remove SOS's sensitivity to quota problems when saving the  edited
      file  ("E"  or  "W"  command  or  auto-save  operation)  and  when
      unsequencing.  Note that as a temporary solution,  typing  a  file
      spec  with  a  different  PPN  in  response to the "File: " prompt
      should permit SOS to write the file successfully.

3.14  SOS will give a  syntax  error  attempting  to  scan  past  a  PPN
      specification on a R or RUN command.

3.15  Other than  this  file  and  SOS.HLP  there  is  no  documentation
      describing  version  23(220).   Someone  should  produce  and make
      available an undated version of the SOS User's Guide.
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 27


4.0   INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.

      To install SOS, put the following files on the system:

            SOS.SHR   (To SYS:)   For 6.02 and  later  Monitors,  use  a
                                  GET/NSAVE  command sequence to convert
                                  to the more efficient  SOS.EXE  format
                                  file.
            SOS.HLP   (To HLP:)   This help file has been rewritten  for
                                  SOS 23(220).

      SOS is designed to be run by the SOS Monitor command.  If you want
      to  eliminate  Monitor  command support for LINED, SOS may also be
      run by the EDIT or CREATE commands.  This version of SOS does  its
      own  CCL  command scanning and temporary-file management.  It does
      not need to be run by COMPIL, which reduces system overhead.   (It
      will  also work with COMPIL if the SAIL support has been assembled
      into SOS.  This is the default  setting.)  The  following  patches
      will provide the Monitor interface for SOS:

            In the NAMES macro in COMCON, add:
                            C       SOS,$RUNSOS,RUNFLG,SOS

            Somewhere in COMCON, add:
                    $RNSOS: MOVE    P2,SOS ;GET PROGRAM NAME
                            JRST    RUNAME ;  & GO RUN IT

      To replace LINED with SOS, in the NAMES macro in COMCON

            Replace:        C       EDIT,CCLRUN,RUNFLG
              with:         C       EDIT,$RNSOS,RUNFLG

            Replace:        C       CREATE,CCLRUN,RUNFLG
              with:         C       CREATE,$RNSOS,RUNFLG

      These patches have been tested in 5.07B;  similar  patches  should
      apply  to  6.02 and later Monitors.  SOS will run with any Monitor
      that supports extended LOOKUP and ENTER UUOs, and the PATH.  UUO.

      As distributed, SOS 23(220)  runs  in  4+9K.   While  larger  than
      previous  versions  of SOS, because of the efficiency improvements
      this version gives good  response  time  when  running  on  loaded
      systems (KA-10 with 83K of user core at Brookings).  Installations
      may vary the size of SOS by assemblying in or out several  of  the
      optional  features.  With all features assembled in, SOS is 4+10K;
      with all features assembled out, SOS  might  reduce  to  4+8K  (or
      maybe 3+8K, we have not tested this).

      The following are the conditional assembly switches designed to be
      changed by an installation:

        Type      Switch  Default       Description
      --------    ------  -------   ------------------------------------
      Features:   JUSTSW  Off       Justification features
                  CRYPSW  On        File encryption feature
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 28


                  PPNTSW  Off       Formatted Print command features
                  EXTEND  Off       Context line  search  feature  (This
                                    feature  has generally been replaced
                                    by  the  extensions  to   the   Find
                                    command   described  in  item  2.27,
                                    above.)
                  LSTSW   On        Listing ("L") command feature  (Very
                                    useful    for    GALAXY    immediate
                                    spooling)
                  DEFCRL  On        Improvements to F & S command  range
                                    &  repeat  count defaults (see 2.31,
                                    above.) - Should leave on
                  FTIMPCPY On       "Implied copy" file  access  feature
                                    (see  2.5.2,  above.) - Should leave
                                    on
                  CCLSW   On        CCL  features  (also  used  by  SAIL
                                    support) - Should leave on
                  TEMPC   On        TMPCOR features - Should leave on

      Parameters: DEFCOR  1.5K      Default minimum size of in-core text
                                    buffer (see 2.39, above).
                  DEFBLK  /BLOCK    Default  output  file  format   (see
                                    2.41, above.)
                  DEFBAK  /BAK      Default  backup  file  option   (see
                                    2.5.13, above.)
                  DFC128  "?"       Default /C128 escape character  (see
                                    2.15, above.)
                  SRNUM   10.       Number of parallel search strings
                  SFDLVL  6         Depth of SFD nesting plus 1 (permits
                                    5 SFDs)
                  SRBLG   200.      Number of  characters  in  a  search
                                    string
                  MXWPL   100.      Maximum number  of  words  per  line
                                    (equals 500 characters)
                  LSNUM   3         Number  of   nested   context   line
                                    searches (if EXTEND on)
                  PGSZ    55.       Number of lines per typed page  ("P"
                                    command - if PPNTSW on)
                  FULLPG  65.       Length of terminal typed  page  ("P"
                                    command - if PPNTSW on)
                  %LPP    53.       Number of  lines  per  listing  page
                                    ("L" command - if LSWSW on)
                  MINDSK  5.        Minimum disk space to attempt output
                                    (/CHECK feature)
                  OVRDRW  100.      Disk   space   overdraw    allowance
                                    (/CHECK feature)
                  PDLSIZ  200       Push-down list size

      Note that  Brookings  system  programming  convention  is  to  use
      conditional  assembly  switches  of  the form "%SSnnn" to identify
      modifications in MACRO programs.  These switches are  used  mainly
      to document changes (showing old code and locating new code in the
      CREF listing);  other combinations and settings of these  switches
      have not been tested.
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 29


5.0   SPRS FIXED BY THIS RELEASE

      The following is a list of all SPRs examined when developing  this
      version of SOS and the resolution of problems raised in each SPR:

        SPR #        Submitted by:                  Resolution
      --------  -----------------------        --------------------

      10-13986  Worcester Tech                 Fixed
      10-14005  Worcester Tech                 User problem
      10-14298  Harvard Business School        Rejected
      10-14333  Worcester Tech                 User problem
      10-14375  Harvard Business School        No problem

      10-14404  Harvard Business School        Assembly option PPNTSW
      10-14411  Harvard Business School        Rejected
      10-14419  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-14420  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-14700  Brookings SSCC                 Fixed

      10-14766  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-14767  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-14768  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-14769  Harvard Business School        See 2.26, above
      10-14770  Harvard Business School        Not reproducable

      10-14771  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-14779  Harvard Business School        Rejected
      10-14791  National Security Agency       Complex problem
      10-14835  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-15204  National Institutes of Health  Fixed

      10-15205  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-15206  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-15327  Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.  Fixed
      10-15354  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-15355  Harvard Business School        Complex problem

      10-15723  CH2M Hill                      Fixed
      10-15778  Stevens Tech                   Fixed
      10-15796  Tufts Univ.                    Fixed
      10-15934  CH2M Hill                      Possible fix
      10-15942  Harvard Business School        Fixed

      10-16012  Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.  Fixed
      10-16374  Western Electric               Fixed
      10-16375  Western Electric               Complex problem
      10-16408  Harvard Business School        Fixed
      10-16564  National Institutes of Health  Fixed

      10-16595  National Institutes of Health  User problem
      10-16596  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16597  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16598  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16622  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
SOS.DOC - Changes from Version 21(122) to 23(220)                Page 30


      10-16637  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16645  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16646  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16651  Harvard Business School        Might be fixed
      10-16674  Harvard Business School        Fixed

      10-16786  Algonquin College              Rejected
      10-16813  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16814  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16817  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-16819  National Institutes of Health  Fixed

      10-16950  DEC-Maynard                    Fixed
      10-16959  Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.  Fixed
      10-17013  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-17068  British Airways                Partial fix
      10-17069  British Airways                Complex problem

      10-17070  British Airways                Complex problem
      10-17071  British Airways                Fixed
      10-17073  British Airways                Not fixed
      10-17074  British Airways                Monitor problem
      10-17075  British Airways                Fixed

      10-17076  British Airways                Complex problem
      10-17077  British Airways                Fixed
      10-17078  British Airways                Not reproducable
      10-17079  British Airways                Complex problem
      10-17080  British Airways                Fixed

      10-17081  British Airways                KJOB problem
      10-17082  British Airways                Fixed
      10-17083  British Airways                Partial fix
      10-17084  British Airways                Fixed
      10-17085  Caltech                        Fixed

      10-17148  British Airways                Rejected
      10-17151  British Airways                Fixed
      10-17195  National Institutes of Health  Complex problem
      10-17230  British Airways                Fixed
      10-17235  University of Illinois         Fixed

      10-17266  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-17302  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-17325  Cornell Univ.                  Fixed
      10-17337  National Security Agency       Complex problem
      10-17370  University of Illinois         Fixed

      10-17423  National Institutes of Health  Fixed
      10-17424  National Institutes of Health  Rejected
      10-17459  Rutgers Univ.                  Fixed
      10-17585  National Institutes of Health  Fixed


      [End of SOS.DOC]