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decus/20-0105/xtec.man
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THE XTEC MANUAL
MARK R. CRISPIN
OCTOBER 3, 1975
UPDATED OCTOBER 20, 1975
XTEC IS AN EXPERIMENTAL REPLACEMENT FOR TECO ON THE DECSYSTEM-
10. XTEC IS A SUPERSET OF TECO, AND IS MUCH FASTER. XTEC IS A
COMPILER RATHER THAN AN INTERPRETER(TECO), THIS HAS CAUSED INCREASES
IN EXECUTION SPEED OF TECO MACROS BY A FACTOR AS GREAT AS 30 TIMES.
THE PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL IS NOT TO TEACH A NEW USER XTEC;
RATHER, IT IS TO PROVIDE AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE XTEC COMMANDS,
SYNTAX STRUCTURES, AND FUNCTIONS. THE NEW USER OF XTEC IS ADVISED
TO READ THE MANUAL, "INTRODUCTION TO TECO", DEC-10-UTECA-A-D, BY
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, AND THE FILE HLP:TECO.DIF(THE FORMER
IS A PRIMER IN DEC'S TECO, THE LATTER IS A DESCRIPTION OF THE S.I.T.
CHANGES TO TECO, WHICH ARE ALSO AVAILABLE IN XTEC).
COMMAND SYNTAX USAGE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
^@ IGNORED ON INPUT; ILLEGAL COMMAND
^A ^A...TEXT...^A TYPE OUT THE TEXT INSIDE THE ^A'S
^B ILLEGAL COMMAND
^C ^C RETURN TO MONITOR WITHOUT CLOSING
FILES OR PROCESSING ANY "ED"
^D ENTER DDT IF A DDT IS PRESENT, OTHER-
WISE AN ILLEGAL COMMAND
^E ^E= THE VALUE OF THE FORM-FEED FLAG,
-1 IF A FORM-FEED SEEN
^EX IN A SEARCH, MATCH WITH ANY CHARACTER
OF TYPE X:
A ANY ALPHABETIC CHARACTER
D ANY DIGIT
L ANY END OF LINE CHARACTER OR
END OF BUFFER
S ANY STRING OF SPACES OR TABS
V ANY LOWER CASE ALPHABETIC
W ANY UPPER CASE ALPHABETIC
<NNN> ASCII CHARACTER WHOSE OCTAL
VALUE IS NNN
[A,B,C...] ANY ONE OF THE CHARACTERS
A,B,C...
^F ^F= THE VALUE OF THE CONSOLE SWITCHES
N^F= THE VALUE OF THE UNIVERSAL I/O
INDEX OF THE TELETYPE BELONGING TO
JOB N(I.E. TTY+^O200000)
^G ^G= RETURNS JOB NUMBER
N^G= RETURNS CONTENTS OF MONITOR LOCATION
N(I.E. DOES A PEEK UUO)
M,N^G= RETURNS RESULT OF GETTAB UUO ON M,N
^G^G ON INPUT CANCELS COMMAND
^G<SPACE> ON INPUT RETYPES CURRENT LINE
^H ^H= TIME OF DAY IN JIFFIES(A JIFFIE IS
1/60 SEC IN USA, 1/50 WHERE 50HZ POWER
IS USED(I.E. EUROPE))
^I ^I...TEXT...<ALT> INSERTS A TAB AND FOLLOWING TEXT UP TO
THE ALTMODE(I.E. IS THE SAME AS AN
I<TAB>...TEXT...<ALT>)
^J IGNORED ON INPUT EXCEPT IN TEXT
STRINGS; "LINE-FEED"
^K IGNORED ON INPUT EXCEPT IN TEXT
STRINGS; "VERTICAL TAB"
^L ^L INSERTS A "FORM-FEED", DEFINES END OF
PAGE
^M IGNORED ON INPUT EXCEPT IN TEXT
STRINGS; "CARRIAGE RETURN"
^N ^N= THE VALUE OF THE END OF FILE FLAG,
-1 IF AN END OF FILE SEEN
^NX IN A SEARCH, ACCEPT ANY CHARACTER
EXCEPT X
^O ^ON ACCEPT THE NEXT NUMERIC VALUE AS OCTAL
^P ^P= THE NUMBER OF FORM-FEEDS SEEN(I.E.
THE PAGE NUMBER)
N^P GO TO PAGE N
^Q ^QX IN TEXT, ACCEPT THE NEXT CHARACTER
LITERALLY
^R ^RX SAME AS ^Q
^S ^S IN A SEARCH, ACCEPT ANY SEPARATOR
CHARACTER IN THIS POSITION
^T ^T= ACCEPT A SINGLE CHARACTER FROM THE
TTY, RETURN THE VALUE
:M,N^T= DO A TTCALL N,M; RETURN ANY VALUE.
SPECIAL CASES:
:8^T= DOES A RESCAN 1 UUO, AND
RETURN A -1 IF THERE WAS A
COMMAND TO RESCAN.
:1,8^T= RETURN THE VALUE OF THE "CCL
FLAG", WHICH IS -1 IF XTEC
WAS CALLED AT CCL ENTRY POINT
^U N^U DOES A USETI ON THE INPUT FILE TO
BLOCK N. DUE TO THE FACT THAT
BUFFERED I/O IS USED, THE EFFECT OF
THE ^U MAY BE SOMEWHAT DELAYED. IT
IS ONLY REALLY USEFUL WHEN READING A
DECTAPE IN NON-STANDARD MODE. NOT
AVAILABLE IN TECO.
^U ON INPUT CANCELS LINE
^V ^V SET PREVAILING CASE FOR ALL TEXT TO
LOWER CASE(0^V REMOVES CONVERSION)
^V IN TEXT SETS PREVAILING CASE FOR THE
NEXT CHARACTER TO LOWER CASE
^V^V IN TEXT SETS PREVAILING CASE FOR THAT
TEXT TO LOWER CASE
^W ^W SET PREVAILING CASE FOR ALL TEXT TO
UPPER CASE(0^W REMOVES CONVERSION)
^W IN TEXT SETS PREVAILING CASE FOR THE
NEXT CHARACTER TO UPPER CASE
^W^W IN TEXT SETS PREVAILING CASE FOR THAT
TEXT TO UPPER CASE
^X ^X= RETURN VALUE OF SEARCH MODE FLAG(-1
MEANS EXACT, 0 MEANS EITHER CASE)
N^X SET VALUE OF SEARCH MODE FLAG TO N
^X IN A SEARCH, ACCEPT ANY CHARACTER AS
A MATCH
^Y ^Y= RETURNS NUMBER OF FORM FEEDS SEEN(SAME
AS ^P=)
N^Y YANKS TO PAGE N, I.E. GOES TO PAGE N
WITHOUT PRESERVING CURRENT PAGES
^Z ^Z CLOSES FILES AND RETURNS TO THE
MONITOR, OR TO THE APPROPRIATE "ED"
PROGRAM
<ALT> <ALT> FUNCTIONS AS A TEXT TERMINATOR, A
COMMAND DELIMITER.
<ALT><ALT> ON INPUT TELLS XTEC TO START THE
EXECUTION OF THE COMMAND
^\ ILLEGAL COMMAND
^] ILLEGAL COMMAND
^^ ^^X RETURN THE ASCII VALUE OF THE
CHARACTER X
^^X IN TEXT, TRANSLATE THE CHARACTERS
@,[,\,],^,_ TO "LOWER CASE"
^_ ILLEGAL COMMAND
<SPACE> <SPACE> IGNORED ON INPUT EXCEPT IN TEXT
STRINGS
M<SPACE>N= RETURNS M+N
! !...TAG...! SPECIFIES A TAG(EITHER A COMMENT OR
A LABEL TO BE BRANCHED TO)
" N"X...COMMANDS...' OPEN A CONDITIONAL. THE COMMANDS ARE
EXECUTED IF THE VALUE N COMFORMS WITH
THE CONDITION X:
G N>0
L N<0
E N=0
N N<>0
C N IS AN ASCII SYMBOL CHARACTER
D N IS AN ASCII DIGIT
A N IS AN ASCII ALPHABETIC
V N IS ASCII LOWER CASE
W N IS ASCII UPPER CASE
T "TRUE" N<0
F "FALSE" N=0
S "SUCCEED" N<0
U "UNSUCCESSFUL" N=0
# M#N= RETURN BITWISE OR OF M,N
$ ILLEGAL COMMAND
% %X= INCREMENT NUMERIC Q-REGISTER X BY 1,
RETURN VALUE
& M&N= RETURN BITWISE AND OF M,N
' TERMINATE A CONDITIONAL(SEE ")
( (EXPRESSION) OPEN AN EXPRESSION
(Q-REG NAME) OPEN A MULTI-LETTER Q-REGISTER NAME.
NOT AVAILABLE IN TECO
) CLOSE AN EXPRESSION OF Q-REG NAME
* M*N= RETURN VALUE OF M TIMES N
*X INSERT LAST COMMAND IN Q-REGISTER X
+ M+N= RETURN VALUE OF M PLUS N
, M,N USED TO DELIMIT TWO ARGUMENTS TO A
COMMAND
- M-N RETURN VALUE OF M MINUS N
-X WHERE X IS A COMMAND THAT TAKES A
NUMERIC ARGUMENT, SAME AS -1X
. .= RETURNS THE VALUE OF THE BUFFER
POINTER
/ M/N RETURN VALUE OF M DIVIDED BY N
/ AFTER AN ERROR, GIVES MORE DETAILS ON
WHAT HAPPENED
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 NUMBERS
: :X WHERE X IS ALMOST ANY COMMAND, IF THE
COMMAND X FAILS, THEN IT WILL RETURN
A ZERO INSTEAD OF ISSUEING AN ERROR
MESSAGE. IF IT SUCCEEDS, IT WILL
RETURN A -1.
; ; IN AN ITERATION, IF THE LAST COMMAND
FAILED, LEAVE THE ITERATION; OTHERWISE
CONTINUE. ILLEGAL IF NOT IN AN
ITERATION
< N<COMMANDS> OPEN AN ITERATION. EXECUTE THE
COMMANDS N TIMES(DEFAULT IS INFINITY)
= N= TYPE OUT N IN DECIMAL
N== TYPE OUT N IN OCTAL
M,N= OR M,N== TYPE OUT N IN DECIMAL(OCTAL), THEN
OUTPUT, DEPENDING ON M:
M<0 CR/LF
M=0 NOTHING
M>0 ASCII CHARACTER WHOSE VALUE
IS M
> CLOSE AN ITERATION
? ? ENTER(OR LEAVE IF IN) TRACE MODE.
ALL COMMANDS ARE TYPED OUT AS THEY
ARE EXECUTED
? AFTER AN ERROR, TYPE THE LAST 10
COMMANDS EXECUTED(THE LAST ONE IS THE
ONE THAT CAUSED THE ERROR)
@ @X WHERE X IS A TEXT COMMAND, CAUSES
THE CHARACTER FOLLOWING THE COMMAND
TO BE A DELIMITER CHARACTER FOR THE
TEXT(IN LIEU OF ALTMODE)
A A APPEND THE NEXT PAGE TO THE EDITING
BUFFER
NA= RETURNS THE ASCII VALUE OF THE NEXT
NTH CHARACTER IN THE BUFFER
B B= RETURNS A ZERO(BEGINNING OF BUFFER)
C NC MOVES THE BUFFER POINTER N CHARACTERS
D ND DELETES N CHARACTERS
M,ND DELETE ALL CHARACTERS FROM M TO N
E EX EXECUTE ONE OF THE SERIES OF "E"
COMMANDS:
(NOTE: FOR A FILESPEC, THE FOLLOWING
ARE LEGAL SWITCHES:
/APPEND (LOG FILES) APPEND TO CURRENT
LOG FILE, IF ANY
/ASCII FILE IS ASCII, NO LSN'S
/GENLSN GENERATE LSN'S
/LSN FILE MAY HAVE LSN'S(DEFAULT)
/NOIN (LOG FILES)DO NOT INCLUDE
TYPEIN IN LOG FILE
/NONSTD OPEN DECTAPE IN NON-STANDARD
MODE
/NOOUT (LOG FILES)DO NOT INCLUDE
TYPEOUT IN LOG FILE
/OCTAL FILE IS OCTAL
/PROTECT:NNN FILE PROTECTION IS TO
BE NNN
/SIXBIT FILE IS SIXBIT
/SUPLSN SUPRESS LSN'S IF ANY
(/ASCII, /OCTAL, /PROTECT, /SIXBIT ARE
NOT AVAILABLE IN TECO)
EA<FILESPEC> ("EDIT APPEND")APPEND TO FILE
EB<FILESPEC> ("EDIT BACKUP")WHEN EDITING FILE,
RENAME ORIGINAL FILE TO HAVE EXTENSION
.BAK(TO HAVE A BACKUP)
EC= ("EDIT CORE")DO A GARBAGE COLLECTION,
SHRINK CORE IF POSSIBLE, AND RETURN
NUMBER OF WORDS USED
NEC DO A GARBAGE COLLECTION, AND CHANGE
CORE ALLOCATION TO N WORDS IF POSSIBLE
NED<FILESPEC> ("EDIT DO")RUN THE PROGRAM SPECIFIED
AT OFFSET N WHEN LEAVING XTEC
EE<FILESPEC> ("EDIT EXECUTE")MAKE A .SAV FILE OF
THE CURRENT STATE OF XTEC. THIS IS
USEFUL TO HAVE OBJECT FILES OF XTEC
PROGRAMS. XTEC IS GETSEG'D WHEN THE
.SAV FILE IS RUN
EF ("END FILE")FINISH OFF OUTPUT FILE
EG ("EDIT GO")DO AN EX, BUT RUN COMPIL
TO COMPILE PROGRAM
EH= ("EDIT HELP")RETURN VALUE OF EH FLAG,
ERROR MESSAGE LEVEL 1-SHORT CODE,
2-ONE LINE, 3-FULL MESSAGE
NEH SET EH VALUE TO N
<ARGS>EI<FILESPEC> ("EDIT INDIRECT")EXECUTE XTEC
MACRO. ARGS ARE PASSED TO MACRO.
THIS IS THE NORMAL WAY TO EXECUTE AN
XTEC PROGRAM
EL<FILESPEC> ("EDIT LOG")OPEN UP A LOG FILE
NEL MODIFY WHAT GOES INTO LOG FILE:
0-NOTHING, 1-OUTPUT, 2-INPUT,
3-EVERYTHING
NEM ("EDIT MAGTAPE")DO MAGTAPE OPERATION N
EN<FILESPEC> ("EDIT NAME")RENAME FILE(NO NAME
DELETES FILE)
EO= ("EDIT OLD")RETURNS VALUE OF "EDIT
OLD" FLAG(TO ENABLE OLD FEATURES);
CURRENTLY, THE ONLY VALUE IS 0.
NEO SET "EO FLAG" TO N
EP<FILESPEC> ("EDIT PUT")PLACE FILE INTO Q-REGISTER
"*"(SPECIAL-PURPOSE Q-REG)
ER<FILESPEC> ("EDIT READ")READ THE FILE
ES= ("EDIT SEARCH")RETURN VALUE OF "ES"
FLAG; NEGATIVE MEANS AUTOSEARCH ON,
ZERO MEANS AUTOSEARCH OFF, POSITIVE
MEANS AUTOSEARCH WITH VALUE USED AS
ASCII CHARACTER INDICATING BUFFER
POINTER POSITION
NES SET "ES FLAG" TO N
ET= ("EDIT TYPEOUT")RETURNS VALUE OF "ET"
FLAG; 0 MEANS TRANSLATE CONTROL CHARS
AND ALTMODE, -1 MEANS LITERAL TYPEOUT
NET SET "ET" FLAG TO N
EU= ("EDIT UPPERCASE")RETURNS VALUE OF
"EU" FLAG; -1 MEANS NO CASE FLAGGING,
0 MEANS LOWER CASE FLAGGING, 1 MEANS
UPPER CASE FLAGGING
EW<FILESPEC> ("EDIT WRITE")WRITE THE FILE
EX ("EXIT")TERMINATE EDITING, STANDARD
WAY OF GETTING OUT OF XTEC
NEY ("EDIT YANK")SAME AS Y COMMAND, BUT
LEGAL FROM TTY COMMAND LEVEL
EZ<FILESPEC> ("EDIT ZERO")ZERO DIRECTORY AND DO AN
EDIT WRITE
F FX EXECUTE ONE OF THE SERIES OF "F"
SERIES COMMANDS:
<ARGS>FD...TEXT...<ALT> ("FIND AND DESTROY")SEARCH
FOR THE TEXT SPECIFIED(S-TYPE), AND
DESTROY EVERYTHING UP TO IT. IF THE
SEARCH IS FORWARDS, ALSO DESTROY THE
STRING. THIS IS SIMILAR TO:
.UA<ARGS>S...TEXT...<ALT>QA,.D
<ARGS>FN...TEXT1...<ALT>...TEXT2...<ALT>
DO AN "N" SEARCH FOR ...TEXT1..., AND
REPLACE IT WITH ...TEXT2...
<ARGS>FS...TEXT1...<ALT>...TEXT2...<ALT> SAME AS "FN",
ONLY USING AN "S" SEARCH
G GX FETCH CONTENTS OF Q-REGISTER X, AND
INSERT IT IN THE EDITING BUFFER
H H= SAME AS B,Z=
I I...TEXT...<ALT> INSERT TEXT IN THE EDITING BUFFER
NI<ALT> INSERT CHARACTER WHICH HAS VALUE N
IN THE EDITING BUFFER
J NJ SET THE VALUE OF . TO N
K NK KILL N LINES
M,NK SAME AS M,ND
L NL MOVE THE POINTER N LINES
M <ARGS>MX EXECUTE MACRO IN Q-REGISTER X, PASSING
ANY ARGUMENTS
N <ARGS>N...TEXT...<ALT> SEARCH FROM THE CURRENT POSITION IN
EDITING BUFFER TO THE END OF FILE FOR
THE TEXT; IF THE SEARCH FAILS, THE
BUFFER IS LEFT EMPTY
O O...TAG...<ALT> GO TO TAG
P NP GET THE NEXT PAGE(IF N SPECIFIED, DO
IT N TIMES), OUTPUT OLD PAGE
M,NP OUTPUT CHARACTERS IN POSITION M
THROUGH N TO FILE, BUT DO NO PAGING
NPW OUTPUT PAGE, BUT DO NOT GET A NEW PAGE
(THIS IS SAME AS HP). IF N IS
SPECIFIED, DO IT N TIMES
M,NPW SAME AS M,NP
Q QX= RETURN VALUE OF NUMERIC Q-REGISTER X;
IF ALPHANUMERIC, IF THERE IS AN EQUALS
SIGN AFTER THE Q-REGISTER NAME, TYPE
OUT THE CONTENTS OF THE Q-REGISTER,
OTHERWISE, AN ERROR
R NR MOVE THE POINTER BACK N CHARACTERS
(SAME AS -NC)
S <ARGS>S...TEXT...<ALT> SEARCH FOR THE TEXT. IF THE SEARCH
FAILS, LEAVE THE POINTER UNCHANGED.
IF THERE ARE ANY ARGUMENTS, THESE
SPECIFY BOUNDARIES(ALSO ALLOW YOU TO
DO BACKWARD SEARCHES). THIS ALSO
WORKS WITH FD, FN, FS, AND N
T NT TYPE N LINES
M,NT TYPE FROM POSITION M TO POSITION N
U NUX SAVE NUMERIC VALUE N INTO Q-REGISTER X
V ILLEGAL COMMAND
W ILLEGAL COMMAND
X NXX STORE N LINES IN Q-REGISTER X
M,NXX STORE FROM POSITION M TO POSITION N IN
IN Q-REGISTER X
Y NY (ONLY LEGAL IN MACROS)DESTORY CURRENT
CONTENTS OF EDITING BUFFER, YANK IN
NEW PAGE. IF N IS SPECIFIED, DO IT
N TIMES(USE EY FROM TERMINAL)
Z Z= RETURN THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN THE
BUFFER, I.E. THE POSITION OF THE LAST
CHARACTER IN THE BUFFER
[ [X "PUSH" Q-REGISTER X; SAVE IT ON THE
Q-REGISTER PUSHDOWN LIST
\ \= RETURN A VALUE FROM A DIGIT STRING
IMMEDIATELY AT THE TEXT POINTER
\N INSERT ASCII REPRESENTATION OF THE
NUMBER; \123 INSERT "123" AS TEXT
] ]X "POP" Q-REGISTER X; RESTORE IT FROM
THE Q-REGISTER PUSHDOWN LIST
^ ^X IN A COMMAND, TAKE THE NEXT CHARACTER
AND MAKE IT A CONTROL CHARACTER
_ _...TEXT...<ALT> SEARCH FOR ...TEXT..., LIKE AN "N"
SEARCH THAT "Y"'S INSTEAD OF "P"'S
<RUBOUT> ON INPUT, DELETES THE LAST CHARACTER
DEFAULT INITIALIZATION COMMANDS MAY BE UTILIZED IN ONE OF
TWO WAYS. THE FIRST IS TO HAVE A FILE CALLED XTEC.INI; THIS FILE
WILL BE EI'ED EVERY TIME XTEC IS RUN. THE SECOND IS TO HAVE AN
XTEC ENTRY LINE IN A SWITCH.INI FILE.
IT IS FAIRLY COMMON TO HAVE AN INITIALIZATION FILE SET ES,
EH, EU, ER, ETC. DEFAULT VALUES, AS WELL AS SETTING UP A LOG FILE.
ANY SUGGESTIONS, COMMENTS, ETC. ON THIS MANUAL SHOULD BE
SENT TO PROGRAMMER #215("MRC") VIA MAIL. FAVORABLE COMMENTS WILL
ALWAYS BE APPRECIATED, RESPONSE TO UNFAVORABLE COMMENTS UNPREDICTABLE.
HAPPY HACKING!!!
/MRC