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FILE: VIDED.VIP 1977-03-05 Last update: 1979-04-01
Swedish National Defense Research Institute FOA Rapport
S-104 50 Stockholm 80 C 10096-M3(E5)
SWEDEN December 1978
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR
By Jacob Palme
.A ABSTRACT: VIDED is a text editor, that is a computer program used
to produce, correct and modify texts stored in the computer. VIDED
uses display terminals, and is based on the idea that the screen of
the terminal should always show a section of text from the text
file being edited.
After an editing operation, both the text in the computer and the
image on the screen are immediately changed to represent the new
text. The user can directly and immediately see the effect of his
editing.
VIDED can thus not be used on printing terminals, but text edited
with VIDED can of course be typed out on printing terminals.
VIDED contains facilities for reformatting sections of text to get
lines and pages of desired size after additions and deletions, in-
cluding renumbering of pages. VIDED will thus not only replace con-
ventional text editors, but also postprocessors like RUNOFF.
VIDED is intended for use on many different kinds of display ter-
minals, and is usually easy to adjust to a new terminal type. The
present version 4A can be used on the following terminal models:
Input terminal type: (Infoton) vista, i200, (vistar) sattelite,
(DEC) vt52, vt100, Minitec, Teletec, (Tandberg) TDV 2000,
(Elite) 1520, 1521, 2500, 3025, (Beehive) B100, (CDC) S713-10,
(Volker) 404, 414H, Adm3A.
VIDED is available from the DECUS library. VIDED version 4A will be
submitted to the DECUS library in April 1979.
The manual you are now reading has been produced with VIDED.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
0. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE USE OF VIDED
1.1 WHAT IS VIDED?
1.2 CURSOR MOVEMENT, PART I
1.3 INPUTTING COMMANDS WITHOUT SPECIAL KEYS
1.4 CURSOR MOVEMENT, PART II
1.5 TEXT INSERTION
1.6 TEXT DELETION
1.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION
1.8 MOVING AND COPYING
1.9 PAGE HANDLING
1.10 STATUS, HELP AND RESTORATION
1.11 EXITING FROM VIDED
1.12 FILE BACK-UP
2. FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE VIDED COMMANDS
2.1 STARTING AN EDITING SESSION
2.1.1 VIDED START COMMAND
2.1.2 SWITCHES TO THE START COMMAND
2.1.3 READING THE SWITCH.INI FILE
2.1.4 CALLING VIDED FROM OTHER PROGRAMS
2.2 TYPING TEXT
2.3 TYPING COMMANDS TO VIDED
2.4 CURSOR MOVEMENT
2.5 TEXT INSERTION COMMANDS
2.6 TEXT DELETION COMMANDS
2.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION COMMANDS
2.8 MOVING AND COPYING
2.9 PAGE HANDLING
2.10 STATUS, HELP and RESTORATION COMMANDS
2.11 EXITING FROM VIDED
2.12 MULTI-LINE APPLICATION IF VIDED COMMANDS
2.13 RESTRICTIONS IN VIDED
3. ONE-PAGE SUMMARIES
3.1 ONE-PAGE SUMMARY OF VIDED COMMANDS
3.1.1 ONE-PAGE SUMMARY OF VIDED INITIAL LINE COMMANDS
3.1.2 ONE-PAGE SUMMARY OF VIDED TEXT EDITING COMMANDs
3.2 ONE-PAGE SUMMARY OF DEC 10 TEXT HANDLING COMMANDS
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 3
4. INFORMATION FOR VARIOUS TERMINALS
4.1 FUNCTION KEYS
4.2 TANDBERG TDV 2000
4.3 ELITE 1520
4.4 MINIBEE, BEEHIVE B 100, DEC VT52 AND DEC VT100
4.5 CDC 713-10
4.6 TELETEC
4.7 ELITE 3025
4.8 VOLKER 414H
4.9 HAZELTINE 1510
5. AUXILLIARY PROGRAMS
5.1 FILCOM - COMPARING OLD AND NEW TEXT VERSION
5.2 VIDEDP - UNDERLINING, SUBSCRIPTS AND NEATER RIGHT MARGIN
5.3 INDEX - PRODUCTION OF A SORTED INDEX FOR A TEXT
5.4 ARNF - LEFT-RIGHT-PAGINATION
5.5 OVHEAD - BIG TEXT AND OVERHEAD PICTURES
5.6 MARG - SET MARGIN AND TAB STOPS ON TERMINAL
5.7 VIDEDC - PRODUCE MULTI-COLUMN OUTPUT
6. THE VIDED DISTRIBUTION TAPE AND HOW TO MODIFY VIDED
7. MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VIDED
8. INDEX
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 4
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE USE OF VIDED.
1.1 WHAT IS VIDED?
VIDED is a computer program to handle long and short texts which
are stored in a computer.
VIDED can only be used on display terminals. The screen of the
terminal shows a window of the text you are editing.
You can type on the terminal just as you type on a typewriter.
There is a special marker called "cursor" which shows where the
next character typed by you will appear on the screen.
The RETURN key on your terminal is used to get to the beginning of
the next line. If you use the RETURN key at the bottom of the
screen, the whole screen will "scroll", that is roll up one line.
The top line will then disappear from the screen, but it is saved
by the computer. A new blank line will appear at the bottom of the
screen.
The RETURN key will NOT scroll in text from the input file. To do
this, you must use the &Z command, see section 1.9 below.
If you want to correct an error or modify what you have already
written, there are a number of commands which you can give to the
computer. These commands allow you to insert, delete and move
portions of the text without rewriting anything already written.
After each such command, the screen will immediately show the text
after the change.
When you have finished with VIDED, the text is saved by the compu-
ter and you can type it out on a printing terminal.
You can also use VIDED on a saved text, if you want to add to, de-
lete from or change the text.
When you enter VIDED to work on an already existing text, there are
commands to move to the portion of the text where you want to make
your modification.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 5
1.1 WHAT IS VIDED?
VIDED is suitable also for putting simple pictures, flow diagrams
and tables into your text. Here are some examples:
------------------------------------------------------------
! How to answer ! Fact --> ! Yes ! No ! Neither !
! -------------------------------------------
! questions and ! Question ! Yes ! No ! Don't know !
! -------------------------------------------
! statements: ! State- ! I ! Not ! Accepted !
! ! ment ! know ! possible ! !
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
! !
! ^ __________ !
! / \ ! ! !
! / o \ --------<---NO-<---! READY? !--->-YES--- !
! / o o \ ! !________! ! !
! / o o o \ V ! V !
! /_________\ _________ ________ ! ________ !
! ! O O O O ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! O O O O ! ! START !----->! EDIT !-->--- ! STOP ! !
! ! O O O O ! !_______! !______! !______! !
! ! O O O O ! ^ ! !
! ! O O O O ! ! V !
----------------------------------------------------------------------
!
1.00 -!- - - - - - oooooo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
! oo oo
! oo oo
! o o
! oo oo
! o o
! o o
0.00 !--o------------------------o------------------------o---
! ^o o
! The curve intersects ! o o
! zero at this point ---->-- oo oo
! o o
! oo oo
! oo oo
-1.00 -!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - oooooo - - - - - -
!
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 6
1.1 WHAT IS VIDED?
.N
\ ! /
------(*)------ _____________
/ ! \ / \ /
! / \ \___/ /
(( )) / \ _(o.o) /
! \_____________/ ! / \/___,,!___/___
! \ / !_______________/_______________
! (0) \ / (0) !=== === == = == \ \ _____
__!_______ ! _______!__ === === = / // \ \ /
----------.!.---------- === = / // \ \ /
/\ \__/ \__/ / \ == == ! !! \\\ \ /
! \___________/ / ! !! \ /
! / ___!___ /\\ \ ___/
\________! !________ /_________/ / \ ! \_______tm
/ \_____/ \/ (_(_(_(__/____/ \\\\
(_(__(__(__) (_)__)__)__)
.A
(This beautiful lynx was created by Tomas Moll.)
1.2 CURSOR MOVEMENT, PART I
There are a number of special keys and commands which you can use
to move the cursor on the screen. After moving the cursor, you can
type new text which will replace the previous text.
There are four special keys on your terminal with arrows pointing
up, down, left and right. Pushing one of these keys will move the
cursor one step in each direction.
(If your terminal does not have these special keys, see section
2.4.)
The key labelled HOME on your terminal will move the cursor to the
upper left corner of the screen.
The key labelled RETURN will move the cursor to the beginning of
the next line.
The key labelled TAB will move the cursor to the next TAB position.
1.3 INPUTTING COMMANDS WITHOUT SPECIAL KEYS
There are not enough special keys on most terminals for all com-
mands you can give to VIDED. The printing keys must therefore be
used. To tell VIDED that what you are typing is a command to VIDED,
and not something to be inserted on the screen, you start such com-
mands by pushing a special command starting key.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 7
1.3 INPUTTING COMMANDS WITHOUT SPECIAL KEYS
This key is labelled ESC on INFOTON and MINITEC terminals. On other
terminals the key may be labelled ESCAPE or ALTMODE or something
else. See chapter 4 to check which key to use on your type of
terminal.
When you push this key, the character & will appear on the screen.
You can then type the command. When the command is ready, it will
disappear from the screen and the text which was overwritten by the
command will be restored.
Some of the special commands have to be finished by pushing the RE-
TURN key on your terminal.
1.4 CURSOR MOVEMENT, PART II
The "&X" command will move the cursor past all text on the current
line.
Example:
Mary had a little lamb.
^
You type the "&X" command:
&Xry had a little lamb.
^
And the computer moves the cursor:
Mary had a little lamb.
^
The "&S" command can be used to search for a certain part of the
text.
Example:
Mary had a little lamb.
^
"&Slittle" will move the cursor to:
Mary had a little lamb.
^
The "&N" command is similar to the "&S" command, but will search
past the end of the screen into unread parts of the text you are
editing.
1.5 TEXT INSERTION
When you type text at the position of the cursor, existing text
will be overwritten. There are special commands to insert text
without overwriting.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 8
1.5 TEXT INSERTION
The "&I" command is used to insert new text. Example:
Mary had a little lamb.
^
The "&Iblack " command will change this to:
Mary had a little black lamb.
The "&nL" command inserts blank lines. If you, for example, want to
insert five blank lines, type "&5L". "&L" is equivalent to "&1L".
A simple way to delete text is to overwrite it with blanks or with
other text.
1.6 TEXT DELETION
The key labelled DEL or DELETE or RUBOUT on your terminal will
remove the last character and move the cursor back, so that you can
correct it.
Example:
Mary had a littlr
^
Here, RUBOUT will give you:
Mary had a littl
^
So that you can type in the correct character "e".
The "&W" command removes the last word.
The "&U" command removes the whole previous line.
The "&K" command removes lines after the cursor.
"&K" removes one line, "&5K" removes five lines.
The "&nD" command will delete n characters and move the rest of the
line back. Example:
Mary had a littler lamb.
^
Here, "&D" will remove the "r" in "littler" and move " lamb." back
to give you:
Mary had a little lamb.
^
By typing "&5D" you can delete 5 characters in the same way.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 9
1.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION
When you have added and deleted words in a paragraph, the lines are
often uneven. The "&JU" command will move words from line to line
to make the paragraph more even.
Example:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jill came tumbling after.
^
To insert "Jack fell down." after "hill." you can first type "&L"
to get blank space for the insertion:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Jill came tumbling after.
You can then add the new sentence:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down.
Jill came tumbling after.
Then move the cursor to the beginning of the paragraph and type
"&JU" to fill the paragraph, and you will get:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down. Jill came tumbling
after.
1.8 MOVING AND COPYING
By typing "&Qreg 5" you will store a copy of the next five lines in
a storage area under the name "reg". You can later get back this
stored text with the command "&Greg".
1.9 PAGE HANDLING
The command "&Z" will scroll the screen and at the same time take
in lines from the input file. For example, "&5Z" will output the
top five lines of the screen and instead take in five lines from
the input file at the bottom of the screen.
The command "&P" will move the screen to the top of the next page.
By typing "&4PT" you can move to the top of page 4. By typing &+4PT
you can move four pages forward, and by typing &-4PT four pages
backward in the text.
By typing "&PT" you can get back to the top of the current page,
and by typing "&PE" you can get to the bottom of the current page.
The "&PF" command will find the end of the last page of the file.
The "&PI" command divides a page into two pages at the cursor posi-
tion.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 10
1.9 PAGE HANDLING
New pages inserted with the "&PI" command get the same header and
subheader as the previous page, except that the page number in the
header is increased by 1.
Every time you modify a text, the date of this revision will be put
into the first line of the first page of the text.
1.10 STATUS, HELP AND RESTORATION
The "&O" gives information on which file you are editing, where you
are in the file etc.
The "&H" command prints a summary of the VIDED commands.
The "&R" command restores a jumbled screen.
1.11 EXITING FROM VIDED
The "&E" command finishes the current VIDED session.
1.12 FILE BACKUP
The &FB command will produce a backup file, which protects you
against losses in case of computer failure. If the computer is un-
reliable, you are advised to use this command at least every 15th
minute.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 11
2. FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE VIDED COMMANDS
2.1 STARTING AN EDITING SESSION
2.1.1 VIDED START COMMAND
Type the command "R VIDED" to the DEC-10 monitor. VIDED will then
respond with a prompter:
*
Type the name of the file you want to edit or create.
Example:
*FIL.EXT
You can also type the monitor command "R VIDED-FIL.EXT" to get
directly into the file you want to edit.
If you use VIDED several times during a terminal session on the
same file, you need only give the file name the first time. The
next time, just type "R VIDED-".
If no file called FIL.EXT exists, VIDED will produce a new file.
IF a file called FIL.EXT does exist, VIDED will produce a modified
version of this file. The previous version of the file will be
kept, but renamed to FIL.QXT, the same filename but with the first
letter of the extension changed to Q.
IF you want VIDED to edit an input file and produce an edited copy
with another name, write the new name, =, and the old name.
Example: *NEW.EXT=OLD.EXT
2.1.2 SWITCHES TO THE START COMMAND
You can also give other information on this initial line of data to
VIDED by giving switches. Switches are preceded by "/". The foll-
lowing switches exist:
> The switch /AUTOBACKUP causes VIDED to make file backups at
interval to protect yourself against machine errors etc. VIDED
counts the number of lines written and VIDED commands given, and
makes a backup when this count reaches 10. The limit 10 can be set
to other values with /AUTOBACKUP:n.
/AUTOBACKUP:0 gives no such automatic file backups. If the switch
is not given at all, VIDED assumes /AUTOBACKUP:20. For a 13 page
file, /AUTOBACKUP:20 gives 10% higher cost than /AUTOBACKUP:0.
> The switch /T tells VIDED what kind of display terminal you are
using. For example:
*NEW.FIL=OLD.FIL/T:VISTA
will tell VIDED that you are using a terminal of type 1, that is an
INFOTON VISTA terminal.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 12
2.1 STARTING AN EDITING SESSION
The parameter to /T: is the same as the text given as answer to
question which the program will ask if no terminal type is given,
that is one of the text not inside parenthesis in the meny below:
Input terminal type: (Infoton) vista, i200, (vistar) sattelite,
(DEC) vt52, vt100, Minitec, Teletec, (Tandberg) TDV 2000,
(Elite) 1520, 1521, 2500, 3025, (Beehive) B100, (CDC) S713-10,
(Volker) 404, 414H, Adm3A.
> /N:n if you want VIDED to produce a line-numbered file with the
increment n between successive line numbers. This switch is not
necessary if the input file is already line-numbered.
> /-N if you want VIDED to remove line numbers from a line-numbered
input file.
> /MP:n to indicate maximum number of lines per page. The default
value is 56.
> /ML:n to indicate left margin. Default is 5.
> /MR:n to indicate right margin. Default is 72 for unnumbered files,
78 for numbered files.
> /L:n to tell VIDED the number of lines on the screen of your
terminal. Default value is the common number of lines for each ter-
minal model.
> /C:n to tell VIDED either a) the number of characters per line on
your terminal, or b) the maximum number of characters which you
want to allow on the lines in your file.
> /P to indicate that you want titles and page numbers at the top of
each page, and date on the first line of the first page. You will
also get a warning line for pages with too many lines.
> /-P to indicate that you do not want titles, page numbers, date or
warning line for too long pages.
If you give neither /P nor /-P then VIDED will assume /-P for files
with extensions typical for RUNOFF files and source program files
(e.g. ".FOR") and /P for all other files.
> /SPEED:N to indicate the transmission speed to your terminal in
bits/second. If this siwtch is not given, VIDED will get the
transmission speed from the operating system. The speed is used to
govern the number of filler characters after certain control codes
which the terminal can not perform instantly. Thus, a /SPEED higher
than the real speed can be used if your terminal requires more
fillers than VIDED provides.
> /DCA to use the direct cursor addressing feature in your terminal.
By this is meant that VIDED can move the cursor to any screen po-
sition with a special screen addressing code sequence. This may not
always work, but if it works, VIDED will be faster, especially at
low line speeds.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 13
2.1 STARTING AN EDITING SESSION
> /-DCA to inhibit direct cursor addressing. May be necessary to get
VIDED working on some installations.
Note: VIDED normally gives the correct value for the /DCA switch
depending on terminal type. By using the /DCA switch you will
override this default value, which may cause VIDED not to work if
you write /DCA for a terminal without this feature.
> /ALF if your terminal has an auto-lf feature for carriage returns.
VIDED will probably not work on such a terminal.
> /-ALF (default) for a terminal without the auto-lf feature.
> /SWEDISH tells VIDED that the text is in the Swedish language. If
this switch is not given, the English language is assumed. The only
effect of the /SWEDISH switch is that the default word in front of
the page number is "SID" instead of "PAGE" and that the revision
date on the first line will be preceded by "Reviderad" instead of
"Revised". With the /-P switch setting, there is no difference in
the functioning of VIDED with English or Swedish.
NOTE: VIDED will assume a file to be in Swedish if the extension of
the file is .SWE or .VIS. (.VIS is intended for texts to be post-
processed by VIDEDP.)
> /OPTION:<name> tells VIDED to read and interpret lines in the
SWITCH.INI file (see 2.1.3) beginning with
VIDED:<name>
> /COUNT:<word> tells VIDED that the page count on top of each page
is to preceded by this word. Defaults are "Page" or "Sid" (="Page"
in Swedish). Example:
/COUNT:COLUMN
> /RUN:<file spec> tells VIDED to call a program whose .EXE file has
the given file specification when the user exits from VIDED with
the &E or &C commands. See further chapter 2.1.4.
> /JE:c tells VIDED that a certain character c, when occuring as the
leftmost character of a line, indicates end-of-paragraph for the
&FI, &FC and &JU VIDED commands. Default value is c = '.'(dot).
> /-JE disables the use of the &FI, &FC and &JU command without any
explicit numerical parameter in the command string. /-JE is the
default for files with common programming language extensions.
> /S:n indicates how many lines to display after &N-searches. Default
value is to display the whole screen. This parameter makes VIDED
faster with low terminal transmission speeds, but is dangerous,
since part of the screen is wrongly shown as blank.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 14
2.1 STARTING AN EDITING SESSION
2.1.3 READING THE SWITCH.INI FILE
You can change the default values assumed by VIDED for these
switches by a line in your SWITCH.INI file. For example, if your
SWITCH.INI file includes the line
"VIDED /MP:100/ML:0/-P"
then VIDED will assume these default values for you.
You can cause VIDED to only select certain lines from the
SWITCH.INI file. These lines should begin with
VIDED:<variant>
where <variant> is a non-blank option name followed by a space.
VIDED will read and interpret these lines only if the name of the
output file contains the text in <name>. If the /OPTIONS:<name>
switch was given in the VIDED command string, then such lines will
be read and interpreted only if the <name> in the /OPTIONS: switch
contains the text following VIDED: in the SWITCH.INI file.
Example I: If you do not want any headers and page numbers in files
with the extension .TXT then you write in your SWITCH.INI file a
line with the text:
VIDED:.TXT /-P
Example II: If you want the page size to be 80 lines with left
margin 0 and right margin 75, but only for the file BIG.TXT, then
write in your SWITCH.INI file a line with the text:
VIDED:BIG.TXT /mp:80/ml:0/mr:75
2.1.4 CALLING VIDED FROM OTHER PROGRAMS
VIDED can be called from another program, and be made to return
execution to that or another program instead of exiting to monitor
level.
The program calling VIDED should give a command string to VIDED in
the TMPFILE "VID". Include in this command string "/RUN:PROG" where
PROG is the program to be called from VIDED when the user exits
with &E or &C.
Example: Below is a simple program VIDRUN which inputs a few lines
into a temporary file, calls VIDED, and when VIDED is ready outputs
the file after editing with VIDED. The temporary file is given a
temporary name with the job number and the letters "PRO".
The example is in SIMULA, but similar programs can be written in
other programming languages.
Your program file VIDRUN.SIM could look like this:
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 15
2.1 STARTING AN EDITING SESSION
BEGIN
EXTERNAL INTEGER PROCEDURE rename;
EXTERNAL PROCEDURE run;
EXTERNAL TEXT PROCEDURE tmpnam, conc;
EXTERNAL BOOLEAN PROCEDURE tmpout;
EXTERNAL REF (infile) PROCEDURE findinfile;
EXTERNAL REF (outfile) PROCEDURE findoutfile;
TEXT filename; ! temporary name of the intermediate text file;
REF (infile) from_vided; ! input of intermediate file;
REF (outfile) to_vided; ! output of intermediate file;
filename:- tmpnam("PRO");
from_vided:- findinfile(filename);
INSPECT from_vided DO
BEGIN
COMMENT treat the file you got from VIDED;
open(sysout.image); outimage;
outtext("----- FILE from VIDED -----"); outimage;
WHILE TRUE DO ! Output the file you got from VIDED;
BEGIN inimage;
IF endfile THEN GOTO exit;
outimage;
END;
exit: ! delete and close temporary file;
rename(from_vided,NOTEXT,FALSE);
END OTHERWISE
BEGIN
COMMENT prepare a file for VIDED;
to_vided:- findoutfile(filename);
INSPECT to_vided DO
BEGIN
COMMENT prepare a file for VIDED;
sysout.outtext(
"Input text to VIDED, finish with two returns.");
sysout.outimage;
open(sysin.image);
WHILE TRUE DO ! move lines from TTY to temporary file;
BEGIN inimage; IF image.strip == NOTEXT THEN GOTO exit;
outimage;
END;
exit: close;
! Give command string to VIDED in tmpfile "VID";
tmpout("VID",conc(filename,"=",filename,"/RUN:VIDRUN"));
run("VIDEDB",1);
END;
END;
END;
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 16
2.2 TYPING TEXT
The display screen will always show a part of the text being
edited. This means that when you are editing a new file, the screen
will initially be blank.
Any printable character you type will immediately be placed on the
screen and in the text file at the position of the cursor on the
screen. You can thus just begin to type the text of your file, it
will be shown on the screen and put into the file in the computer.
2.3 TYPING COMMANDS TO VIDED
There are a number of commands which you can give to VIDED to in-
sert text, delete text, stop editing etc. To indicate to the com-
puter that you are typing a command to VIDED and not text to be in-
serted into the file, you start by typing a special key which indi-
cates "start of a command".
This special key is not the same on all display terminals, on the
INFOTON VISTA terminal you can use the ESCAPE key. (On some other
terminals you have to type ESCAPE(ALTMODE) twice or use the CON-
TROL-F key.) See chapter 4 for information on what key to use for
your terminal model.
The character "&" will show on your screen to indicate that the
computer has received this special key input and is waiting for a
command to VIDED. In the examples below, the character "&" means
this special command key and not the actual character "&".
Do not be afraid to type a VIDED command on top of other text on
the screen. The command will be wiped out and the text below it
restored as soon as you have typed in the full command.
As an example of a VIDED command, the H (Help) command will give a
list of the VIDED commands. Thus, to get a list of the VIDED
commands, you just type ESCAPE(ALTMODE) (twice on some terminals)
or CONTROL-F followed by the letter "H" or "h". This command is
called the "&H" command.
2.4 CURSOR MOVEMENT
The cursor on the screen indicates where text which you type in
will be put. There are several commands to move the cursor to a
desired position on the screen.
The CARRIAGE RETURN key will move the cursor to the beginning of
the next line. If you are on the last line, the CARRIAGE RETURN
will cause the screen to scroll, that is move up one line and bring
in a new blank line. CARRIAGE RETURN always scrolls in blank lines
at the bottom, to scroll in lines from the input file, use the &Z
command (see section 2.9).
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2.4 CURSOR MOVEMENT
There are four special keys on your terminal with arrows pointing
LEFT, RIGHT, UP and DOWN. These keys can be used to move the cursor
in the desired direction. The key labelled "HOME" can be used to
move the cursor to the upper left corner of the screen.
(NOTE: If you have a DATAMEDIA ELITE 1520 terminal without the op-
tional "numeric" keyboard, your terminal lacks these four keys. See
chapter 4.2 about how to handle such terminals.)
&X (END OF LINE) COMMAND:
The "&X" command will move the cursor past all non-blank characters
on the current line. For example, assume that the current line is:
Mary had a little lamb.
The "&X" command will then move the cursor to the blank position
immediately after "lamb.".
&-X (BEGINNING OF LINE) COMMAND:
The "&-X" command will move the cursor in front of the first non-
blank character of a line (except line number). Example:
IF big THEN BEGIN
! This is a SIMULA program;
The "&-X" command will move the cursor in front of the ! on the
second line.
&Ah v (ADRESS SCREEN) COMMAND:
The "&Ah v" command will move the cursor to the given position on
the screen, counted from the upper left corner. Finish with RETURN
or SPACE. For example "&A30 5" will move the cursor to position 30
of line 5 on the screen.
&S (SEARCH) COMMAND:
The "&S<search string>" command will search the screen for the
search string immediately following "&S", beginning the search at
the current screen position. If this string is found, then the
cursor is placed after it. If the string cannot be found on the
screen, the cursor is not moved.
Assume for example that the screen contains the line:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^
If the cursor is at the beginning of the line, then the command
"&Sill" will move the cursor to the position after "Jack and Jill".
If the command "&Sill" is given once more, the cursor is moved to
the dot after "hill".
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 18
2.4 CURSOR MOVEMENT
If you want to search for the same string as in the last search,
you need not give any search string at all. Thus, in the example
above, you could give just the command "&S" instead of "&Sill" the
second time.
A number between & and S indicates repetition of the same search
several times. In the above example, "&3*S " would find the third
next space, giving:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^
The end of the search string can be indicated either by pushing the
RETURN key, or by pushing the command indicating key (usually
ESCAPE (ALTMODE) once or twice or CONTROL-F).
The "&N" command is similar to the "&S" command but will continue
to search past the end of the text shown on the screen when the
command is given.
&T (TAB) COMMAND:
The TAB key and the &T command moves the cursor to the next TAB
setting on the current line. The TAB settings are initially 5, 8,
16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 and 72.
&nT COMMAND:
The "&nT" command will move the cursor to position n on the current
line. Assume for example that the current line is:
Mary had a little lamb.
Then the "&10T" command will move the cursor to the "h" in "had".
&TZ (TAB ZERO) COMMAND:
This command will remove all the TAB settings.
&TR (TAB RESTORE) COMMAND:
This command will restore the TAB settings to the initial 5, 8, 16,
24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 and 72.
&TS (TAB SET) COMMAND:
This command will make a TAB setting at the current horizontal
position.
Example: If you want only one TAB setting at the horizontal
position 40, you can write the following series of commands:
"&TZ &40T &TS ".
&TnS (TAB SET) COMMAND:
This command will set a horizontal tab at position n. Example:
"&T40S" will set the same tab as in the above example.
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2.4 CURSOR MOVEMENT
&TC (TAB CANCEL) COMMAND:
This command will cancel the tab setting at the cursor position,
but leave all other tab settings.
&TnC (TAB CANCEL) COMMAND:
This command will cancel the tab setting at horizontal position n.
2.5 TEXT INSERTION COMMANDS
If you want to insert new text, you just move the cursor to where
you want the text and type it. The new text will then overwrite
previous text.
The "&I", "&L" and "&V" commands can be used to insert text without
overwriting previous text.
&I (INSERT) COMMAND:
The "&I<insertion text>" command will insert new text, shifting the
rest of the text to make room for the addition. Finish the inser-
tion text with RETURN or with the command starting key (ALTMODE or
CONTROL-F). Assume for example that the screen contains the text:
Mary had a little lamb.
^
To change this to "Mary had a little black lamb.", you can move the
cursor to the "l" in lamb and make the command "&Iblack ".
&nV (INSERT BLANK) COMMAND:
This command is a short form for the "&I<n spaces>&" command to
insert n spaces. On most terminals, you can type CONTROL-V instead
of "&V" to insert a single space.
&nL (LINE INSERTION) COMMAND
The "&nL" command will insert n blank lines, displacing the rest of
the text downwards. To insert one blank line, the short form "&L"
can be used.
Assume for example that the screen contains the two lines:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^ Jack fell down, and Jill came tumbling after.
Then the "&L" command at the beginning of the second line will
change this to:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Jack fell down, and Jill came tumbling after.
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2.5 TEXT INSERTION COMMANDS
If the "&nL" command is used in the middle of a line, then that
line will be split. Assume for example that the screen contains the
line:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^
If the cursor is at the "w" in "went", then the "&L" command will
change this line to:
Jack and Jill
went up the hill.
If you want to insert many words, then it is usually better to use
the "&nL" command and type the new words into the blank lines than
to use the "&I" command.
&LD (LINE DIVIDE) COMMAND
The "&LD" command is similar to the "&L" command, but the second
part of the line is left justified. In the example above, you will
thus get:
Jack and Jill
went up the hill.
If you want to insert blank lines between the parts, write "&LnD"
where n is one more than the number of blank lines wanted.
2.6 TEXT DELETION COMMANDS
One way to delete text on the screen is to move the cursor to the
text to be deleted and overwrite it with other text, for example
with blanks.
The key on your terminal labelled RUBOUT, DELETE or DEL can be used
to make the character immediately to the left of the cursor blank.
Assume for example that the screen contains:
Jack and Jill wemt
^
To change the last word to "went" you can first push the RUB OUT
key twice, which gives you:
Jack and Jill we
^
Then you type "nt" to get:
Jack and Jill went
^
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2.6 TEXT DELETION COMMANDS
RUBOUT at the beginning of a line will move the cursor to the end
of the previous line. Example:
Jack and Jill wemt
up
^
Five succesive RUB OUTs will give:
Jack and Jill we
^
&nD (DELETE) COMMAND
The "&nD" command can be used to delete characters and move the
succeeding text back so that there will be no blank space. Assume
for example that you have:
Jack and Jill went uppety the hill.
^
To change "uppety" to "up" you type the command "&4D".
If you want to delete just one character, you can use the short
form "&D". On most terminals, you can also delete one character
with CONTROL-D.
Suppose that the screen contains:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^
"&D" or CONTROL-D will move the text one step left:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^
"&V" or CONTROL-V will move the text one step right:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^
&nW (WORD DELETE) COMMAND
The "&nW" command will delete the last words preceding the cursor.
On most terminals, CONTROL-W can also be used to remove one word.
Assume the following text:
Jack and Jill went uppety
^
"&W" will give:
Jack and Jill went
^
A number between "&" and "W" indicates the number of words to be
removed. In the example above, "&3W" will give
Jack and
^
&U (UPTO DELETE) COMMAND
The "&U" command will make the line blank up to the cursor. CON-
TROL-U can also be used on most terminals.
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2.6 TEXT DELETION COMMANDS
&nK (DELETE LINES) COMMAND
The "&nK" command will delete n lines and move the succeeding lines
up to cover the blank lines. "&K" is short for "&1K".
Example:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Jack fell down,
^ and Jill came tumbling after.
The "&K" command will remove the entire second line:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
and Jill came tumbling after.
If the "&nK" command is used with the cursor in the middle of a
line, then only the text after the cursor will be deleted on the
first line.
Example:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^
"&K" will change this to:
Jack and Jill
^
&_ (MASSIVE DELETION) COMMAND PREFIX
Any VIDED command can be preceded by the prefix _. The effect is
that all text which would mormally be scrolled out on top of the
screen will instead be deleted.
WARNING: This is a very dangerous prefix, to be used with care.
Examples: If you are at the top of a page, then &_P will remove
that page, and &_+5PT will remove 5 pages, beginning with the
current page. &_n<searchword> will remove everything from where you
are and upto the screen part shown where the word is found
Note: If the _ prefix is used in front of a command which produces
a file backup, then all text to the end of the file plus all text
from the beginning to the found page is deleted!
Example: &_-PT will remove everything in the entire file except the
previous page. &_FB will remove the entire file.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 23
2.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION COMMANDS.
&nFI (FILL) COMMAND
If you have inserted new words into a paragraph, then the lines may
be of uneven lengthes. By moving the cursor to the first line of
the paragraph and typing the "&FI" command the paragraph is
justified. Example:
^ Jack went up the hill.
Jill went up the hill.
Jack fell down, and Jill came tumbling after.
"&FI" will change this to:
Jack went up the hill. Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down, and
Jill came tumbling after.
^
When you type in a new paragraph, you can type it with uneven
linelengthes like this:
Jack went up the hill. Jill went up the hill.
Jack fell down,
and Jill came tumbling after.
Then move the cursor to the start of the paragraph and use the
"&FI" command and you will get:
Jack went up the hill. Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down, and
Jill came tumbling after.
^
WARNING: The "&FI" command will regard succeeding lines upto an
entirely blank line, or upto a line beginning with a dot, as part
of the same paragraph. If you want to justify only n lines, type
"&nFI".
If you want the first line of the paragraph to start or end at a
horizontal position different from the rest of the lines, then move
the cursor past this irregular start before making the "&FI"
command. Example 1:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
The man fell down, and the woman came tumbling after.
Move the cursor to the "J" in Jack before making the "&FI" command
to get:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. The man fell down, and the
woman came tumbling after.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 24
2.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION COMMANDS.
Example 2:
1) Jack and Jill went up the hill.
The man fell down, and the woman came tumbling after.
Move the cursor to the "J" in "Jack" before making the "&FI"
command to get:
1) Jack and Jill went up the hill. The man fell down, and the
woman came tumbling after.
A COMBINED EXAMPLE OF INSERTION AND FILLING:
Suppose you have the text:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jill came tumbling after.
You want to insert "Jack fell down." between the two sentences. One
way to do this can be the following:
1) Move the cursor to the insertion point with the "&S." command.
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jill came tumbling after.
^
2) Use the "&L" command to get blank space for the insertion.
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
^Jill came tumbling after.
3) Insert the new sentence:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down.
Jill came tumbling after.
4) Move the cursor to the start of the paragraph and use the &FI"
command to fill it:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down. Jill came tumbling
after.
&nFC (FILL COMPACTING) COMMAND
The &nFC command is similar to the &nFI command, but &FC will con-
vert multiple spaces to a single space. Example - suppose that you
have added some words to a paragraph and got the following text:
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2.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION COMMANDS.
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down, and Peter fell down,
and Maria fell down, and Jill came
tumbling after.
In this case, the &FI command will not compact the wide space in
the middle of the second line, but &FC will compact it. The result
with &FI would be:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down, and Peter fell
down, and Maria fell down, and Jill
came tumbling after.
With &FC, the result would instead be:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down, and Peter fell
down, and Maria fell down, and Jill came tumbling after.
WARNING: There is a risk with commands like &FI and &FC, that you
will by mistake destroy a table or picture. The &FI command has a
built in protection against this, by giving you a warning and a
change to recover if the paragraph contains multiple spaces. The
&FC will not give this protection, and is therefore more dangerous.
&nJU (JUSTIFY) COMMAND
The &nJU command is similar to the &nFC command, but will make the
right margin even instead of ragged. The even right margin is
achieved by making some of the spaces in the line into multiple
spaces. The paragraph you are reading now was justified with the
&nJU command. If you print your text with a DIABLO-type terminal,
you can convert texts with even right margins to a neater kind of
even right margin, using the /A switch to the VIDEDP program. See
chapter 5.2 for more information on VIDEDP.
The &nJU command will always compact spaces in the given text like
&nFC, unlike &nFI. Note that if you want to change a paragraph from
even right margin to ragged right margin, then the &FC command must
be used, not the &FI command.
&nML AND &nMR (LEFT AND RIGHT MARGIN SET) COMMANDS
The "&FI", "&FC" and "&JU" commands will justify the paragraph
within a left and a right margin. The initial (default) values of
these margins are the horizontal positions 5 and 72, unless you
have given your own defaults in your SWITCH.INI file.
These margins can be changed with the "&nML" and "&nMR" commands,
to change respectively the left and right margin.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 26
2.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION COMMANDS.
Example: After "&ML10 &MR40" the "&FI" command will produce:
Jack and Jill went up the
hill. Jack fell down. Jill
came tumbling after.
You can give the &ML and &MR commands without any numerical
arguments. The margins will then be set to the cursor position of
the & in the &ML or &MR command.
&F- (FILL DIVIDING) AND &J- (JUSTIFY DIVIDING) COMMANDS
Sometimes, some lines in a paragraph will be too short due to very
long words. You can then use the "&F-" or "&J-" command to divide
the long word. Example:
Eine Arbeitsgruppe des Kurses befasste sich mit der
prozessrechnergefuehrten Ueberwachung.
^
Move the cursor to the point where the word is to be divided and
use the "&F-" command to get:
Eine Arbeitsgruppe des Kurses befasste sich mit der prozess-
rechnergefuehrten Ueberwachung.
Always use the "&FI", "&FC" or "&JU" commands first, before using
the "&F-" or "&J-" commands.
The "&F-" command is just a shorter way to do the following:
1) Do the "&I- " command.
2) Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous line.
3) Do the "&FI" command.
The "&F-" command will always compact, thus act like "&FC" rather
than like "&FI". The "&J-" is similar to the "&F-" but will give
even right margin instead of ragged right margin.
A numerical parameter can be given as "&nF-" or "&nJ-" to restrict
the number of lines affected by the command.
If a filling or justifying command is used on a text which already
has been divided, that is contains lines ending with a dash, then
VIDED will ask you what do do with each such dash. Three courses
are open to you:
COMMAND ACTION
R(emove) Remove the dash from the text (default action).
K(eep) Keep the dash as a connector like the dash in "DEC-10".
S(plit) Put a space after the dash like in "pre- and post-
processing".
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 27
2.7 PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION COMMANDS.
&LnC (LINE CENTER) COMMAND
This command will place the text on the current line at the center
of the line. As an example, here is the same line before and after
application of the &LC command:
CENTER LINE
CENTER LINE
Centering is done between n and the right margin. If no numerical
parameter is given (&LC command), centering is done between the
left and the right margin.
&LU (LINE UPCASE) AND &LL (LINE LOWCASE) COMMAND
These commands will convert all letters after the cursor in a line
to upper or lower case characters. Example:
Initial line: Jack and Jill went up the hill.
&LU gives: JACK AND JILL WENT UP THE HILL.
&LL gives: jack and jill went up the hill.
2.8 MOVING AND COPYING.
&Q<name> n (Q-REGISTER STORE) COMMAND
The "&Q<name> n" command will store n lines in a Q-register (a
nonvisible storage area). The contents of the Q-register can then
be restored on another line.
Just "&Q<name>" will store one line, "Q<name> 0" will store the
rest of the screen. Only text visible on the screen can be stored
in a Q-register.
&G<name> (Q-REGISTER GET) COMMAND
The "&G<name>" will copy the contents of a Q-register onto the
screen.
NOTE: Copying will overwrite other text on the screen, but parts of
the Q-register which do not fit in the screen area will not be
copied.
Example: You want to exchange these two lines:
Jack fell down, and Jill came tumbling after.
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Then move the cursor to the first line, and make the command
"&Qfirst 1". Then delete the first line with "&K" and insert a
blank line after the second line with "&L" and finally copy the Q-
register content onto the new blank line with the "&Gfirst"
command. You now have:
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Jack fell down, and Jill came tumbling after.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 28
2.8 MOVING AND COPYING.
If you just write "&Q<name>" then everything below and to the right
of the cursor will be put into the q-register.
&Q<name> n m (Q-REGISTER STORE BOX) COMMAND
The "&Q<name> n m" command can be used to store any rectangular box
on the screen into a q-register. The width of the box is n cha-
racters and the height is m lines. This is very useful when pro-
ducing tables, flow diagrams etc.
If n or m is given as 0, the rest of the screen is put into the Q-
register. Only text visible on the screen can be put into a q-
register.
You can for example first type this text:
!---------!
! !
! !
!---------!
Then move the cursor to the upper left corner of the box and type
the command "&Qbox 11 4".
You can now move the cursor to another position:
!---------!
! ! ^
! !
!---------!
And get a copy of the box with "&Gbox".
!---------! !---------!
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
!---------! !---------!
To produce a table, you can first produce one vertical line:
! Then store the line into a q-register with the
! "&Qline 1 0" command.
! (0 signifies the rest of the visible screen.)
!
!
!
!
!
!
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 29
2.8 MOVING AND COPYING.
Then you can get more vertical lines into your table by moving the
cursor to the top of each line and typing the "&Gline" command.
! ! ! ! ! &Gline
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
You can insert horizontal lines in the same way, by storing one
horizontal line in a Q-register and then inserting it several times
with the "&G" command, to get:
---------------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
---------------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
---------------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
---------------------------------------------------------
For another way of creating such a table, see section 2.12 below.
2.9 PAGE HANDLING
&nZ (SCROLL) COMMAND
The "&nZ" command will scroll the screen up n lines, that is take
in n new lines from the input file at the bottom of the screen and
output the same number of lines at the top. If you regard the
screen as a frame showing part of the text, the "&nZ" will move
this frame down on the text.
You can scroll the screen down (backwards) with a negative argument
"&-nZ". On some terminals, the screen actually scrolls backward one
line at a time. On other terminal, the whole screen is rewritten as
it will look after the backward scroll.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
VIDED will put title, subtitle and page number on all pages and
todays date on the first line of the first page, unless you dis-
allow this with the "/-P" switch when starting VIDED or unless the
file has an extension typical for a source language file.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 30
2.9 PAGE HANDLING
&nPT (PAGE TOP) COMMAND AND &nPE (PAGE END) COMMAND
The "PT" command can be used to find the top of a certain page, and
the "PE" to find the end of a certain page.
> IF no argument is given ("&PT" or "&PE") then the top or bottom of
the current page is found.
> If the argument is an unsigned integer, then the top of the page
with that number, counted from the beginning of the file, is found.
Example: "&5PT" will find the top of page 5.
> If the argument is a signed integer, then the n:th page counted
from the current page is found. Example: "&+5PT" will find the top
of the 5th next page, "&-5PT" will find the top of the page 5 pages
before the current page.
Note: If the current page is very large, then &PT may only back up
to the top of the current subpage. In this case, you can get to the
top of the current full page by the command &-0PT.
&P (NEXT PAGE) COMMAND
This is a short form for the "&+1PT" command, that is to move to
the top of the next page.
&PF (PAGE AT END OF FILE) COMMAND
This command will find the end of the last page of the file.
&PI (PAGE DIVISION INSERT) COMMAND
The "&PI" command will divide a page into two pages. The division
will be done at the cursor position. This should be used if a page
becomes larger than the desired maximum page height.
When you get to the end of page, you will be warned with the
following warning text:
***??? END OF PAGE *** USE &PI COMMAND ***???
When you get this warning text, find a suitable place above the
warning line and make the "&PI" command there. You may but need not
remove the warning text, it will not be output.
NOTE for VIDEDP users: If the file extension begins with .VI, then
VIDED will count lines in VIDEDP fashion when deciding where to
give the warning text, e.g. .+ lines are not counted, .L and .U
lines are only counted as half line feeds. See further chapter 5.2.
&PA (PAGE APPEND) COMMAND
The "&PA" command will append the next page to the current page.
Blank lines at the end of the current page and the title and
subtitle of the next page are deleted.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 31
2.9 PAGE HANDLING
&nPS (PAGE SIZE) COMMAND
After using the "&PA" command, the current page will often be too
long. You can then use the command "&nPS" to find the next page
which is longer than the maximum page height. This command will
also find pages which are smaller than the maximum page height by
more than n lines. If you just write "&PS" then pages too large or
more than 10 lines too small will be found.
Here is the normal sequence of activities for you when appending
and dividing pages:
-----------------------------------------------------
! Use the &PS command to find a page which !
----->! is too long or too short. !<----------
! ----------------------------------------------------- !
! ! ! !
! TOO LONG TOO SHORT !
! ! ! !
! --------------------------------- ---------------------------- !
-<-! Use the "PI" command to split ! ! Use the "PA" command to !->-
! the current page. ! ! append the next page. !
--------------------------------- ----------------------------
&N (LONG SEARCH) COMMAND
The "&N<search string>" command is similar to the "&S" command (see
section 2.4 above) but continues searching forward in the file past
the end of the screen and the page. "&n*N<string>" where n is an
integer value, searches for the next n-th occurence of the string.
When no match occurs, "&N" stops at the end of the entire file.
If you want to move many pages in the file, then the &P, &PT and
&PE commands are much faster than the &N and &PF commands in VIDED
version 3F. They are five times faster for unnumbered files,
fifteen times faster for numbered files.
CONTROL-O COMMAND FOR SLOW TERMINALS
If you have a slow terminal (less than 2400 baude) then you may
find it irritating to wait for the whole screen to be filled after
a "&P" and "&N" command, especially if you did not find the place
in the text you were really looking for. In such a case, you can
use the CONTROL-O command to interrupt the filling of the screen.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 32
2.10 STATUS, HELP AND RESTORATION COMMANDS
&O (GET STATUS) COMMAND
The "&O" command will give you a report on the status of your edi-
ting. You will be told the names of the input and output files,
where you are on the current page, the contents of Q-registers etc.
&H (HELP) COMMAND
The "&H" command can be used if you do not have this handbook
available and want to get a short summary of the VIDED commands.
&nR (RESTORE SCREEN) COMMAND
In certain cases, the text on the screen may be jumbled, even
though the computer still has the correct text in its files. The
"&R" command will then restore the screen to the correct text. The
FORMFEED (CONTROL-L) key can also be used.
Examples of causes of jumbled text:
> Terminal faults, electricity supply faults.
> Messages sent to your terminal from the operator or from other
users.
> You have been using the type ahead feature of the DEC-10 (inputting
data before the computer has handled your previous data.) Two com-
mon cases of this:
> You did not wait for the echo "&" on the screen when starting a
VIDED command before typing the rest of the command.
> You typed CARRIAGE RETURN at the end of screen, and continued
typing before the new line had been scrolled onto the screen.
Always use the "&R" command if you are not sure that the screen
shows the correct text.
A numerical parameter reduces the number of lines restored, for
example, &1R only restores one line. To restore the screen after
receiving a send message, &4R i usually sufficient which may save
time with slow terminal lines.
(QUESTION: Why was VIDED designed in such a way that type ahead can
cause screen jumbling? ANSWER: Because otherwise your ordinary in-
put text would not be echoed fast enough on a heavily loaded com-
puter.)
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 33
2.11 EXITING FROM VIDED
There are two commands for leaving VIDED, the "&E" and then "&C"
command.
&E (EXIT) COMMAND
The "&E" command finishes the editing operation, copies the rest of
the input file to the output file, closes the output file. This is
the normal exit command.
If you want to carry over the q-register contents, file opening
switches, tabulator and margin settings from one edit to the next
edit, you can start the next edit with the monitor command
"CONTINUE" after the end of the previous edit. When restarting with
"CONTINUE", VIDED will not read the SWITCH.INI file again, and will
remember previous values of switches given when starting VIDED.
If you want to start afresh, you can restart with the "START"
monitor command. VIDED will then read the SWITCH.INI file again,
and will not remember anything except the name of the edited file.
&C (CANCEL EXIT) COMMAND
The "&C" command exits immediately from VIDED without closing the
output file. This command should be used if you want to cancel the
effect of the whole current session with VIDED. The input file will
remain as it was before the current editing session. The monitor
command "CONTINUE" will return you to the editing again at the
point where you left it.
NOTE: You are advised to use the "&C" command instead of CONTROL-C
to exit immediately from VIDED.
&FB (FILE BACKUP) COMMAND
This command will create a backup copy of the text you have just
edited, and then return you to the point where you exited from
VIDED. If the computer is unreliable, this command should be used
at least every 15th minute to avoid information losses.
Note that the text "VIDED /AUTOBACKUP" in the SWITCH.INI file will
give automatic such backups at regular intervals.
The first backup file in each VIDED session is given the same file
name as the input file, but with the first letter in the extension
changed to Q. Later backup files will have the two first letters of
their extension changed to QQ.
Example: If the input file is FILE.EXT, then the first backup file
will have the file name FILE.QXT and later backup files during the
same VIDED session will have the file name FILE.QQT.
Note: The "&PE" and "&PT" commands will also create a new backup,
if used to move backwards to previous pages in the edited file.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 34
2.12 MULTI-LINE APPLICATION OF VIDED COMMANDS
For the VIDED commands &U, &D, &V, &FI, &FC, &JU, &K, &G, &I, &LC,
&LU and &LL, preceding them with * will cause the commands to be
repeated for several succeeding lines. Repetition is also possible
for the &S and &N commands.
Example, you have the text:
===== &4*2D will give you: === while &4*2V == ===
= ^ = = = will give you: = =
= = = = = =
===== === == ===
You can either explicitly give a number in front of the *, or just
write &* without any number. In the latter case, VIDED has two ways
of deciding how many lines to apply the command to. The first rule
is that a set of of lines all beginning with a dot will be regarded
as a group to be treated:
Example, you have the text:
.%.U 2 2
.%.U a + b
.%. x = y + -------
.%.L ^ z
.%.L
The VIDED command &*5V will give you
.%.U 2 2
.%.U a + b
.%. x = y + -------
.%.L ^ z
.%.L
Second example, given the text:
.%.U 2 2
.%.U a + b
.%. x = y + y + -------
.%.L 1 2 z
.%.L ^
The VIDED command &*6D will give:
.%.U 2 2
.%.U a + b
.%. x = y + -------
.%.L z
.%.L
Note that all the lines of the formula are shifted with only one
VIDED command.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 35
If there is a group of lines beginning with ., then &* will apply
the given command to all the lines in that group. If there is no
such group, &* will be applied to the rest of the screen. If there
is a number in fron of the *, e.g. &5*, then that number of lines
will be affected by the command.
The VIDEDP program is a postprocessor which can be used in com-
bination with DIABLO type terminals to get half steps e.g. for for-
mulas of the kind shown above. File extensions beginning with ".VI"
are recommended for such files, since VIDED will then count ".U"
and ".L" lines as half lines when measuring page size. Here is the
formula above after processing with VIDEDP:
.U 2 2
.U a + b
. x = y + y + -------
.L 1 2 z
.L
More information on VIDEDP in chapter 5.2.
&n*U COMMAND
Example, you have the text:
1976 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
---------------------------^-------------------------
100 150 200 300 300 340 450 120
200 300 350 230 340 350 560 340
400 450 700 1200 1345 2345 2380 4560
The command &5*U will transform this text to:
1981 1982 1983 1984
^-------------------------
300 340 450 120
340 350 560 340
1345 2345 2380 4560
&n*K COMMAND
With the same initial text as in the previous example, &5*K will
get you:
1976 1978 1979 1980
---------------------------
100 150 200 300
200 300 350 230
400 450 700 1200
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 36
&n*I COMMAND
Given again the same initial text, the &5*i!& command will give you
1976 1978 1979 1980 ! 1981 1982 1983 1984
---------------------------!--------------------------
100 150 200 300 ! 300 340 450 120
200 300 350 230 ! 340 350 560 340
400 450 700 1200 ! 1345 2345 2380 4560
&n*G COMMAND
Assuming that Q-register X contains the single character !, &5*GX
will with the same initial text give you:
1976 1978 1979 1980 !1981 1982 1983 1984
---------------------------!-------------------------
100 150 200 300 ! 300 340 450 120
200 300 350 230 ! 340 350 560 340
400 450 700 1200 !1345 2345 2380 4560
The &nG COMMAND can be used to rapidly create a table. Example,
assume you have the following text:
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
If you put the last two lines of this text into a qregister "row"
then the VIDED command &8*Grow can get you:
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 37
&n*D AND &n*V commands
The &n*D and &n*V commands can be used to shift part or whole of
the screen contents to the left or right. Example, given:
^ -------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
The VIDED command &7*8D will then move the box to the right:
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
while &7*8V will give you:
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
! ! ! ! ! ! !
-------------------------------------------------
&n*nFI COMMAND
I am not sure of any useful application of this command. But here
is an example of what might happen, given the text:
This
^ text
will
be
justified.
&5*1FI will convert this text to:
This
text
will
be
justified.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 38
&n*LC, &n*LU AND &nLL COMMANDS
Example before centering:
Swedish National Defense Research Institute
S-10450 Stockholm 80
Sweden
After &3*LC
Swedish National Defense Research Institute
S-10450 Stockholm 80
Sweden
Further after &3*LU
SWEDISH NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
S-10450 STOCKHOLM 80
SWEDEN
2.13 RESTRICTIONS IN VIDED
The input text to be edited by VIDED should not contain any other
non-printable characters than space, tab, carriage return-linefeed
and formfeed. This restriction may be lifted in future versions of
VIDED.
VIDED will convert tabs into multiple spaces (except the TAB after
line-numbers for line-numbered files).
VIDED will insert a carriage return in front of any line feed not
preceded by a carriage return.
VIDED will insert carriage return-line feed in front of any form
feed not preceded by carriage return-line feed.
The lines in the input file may not be longer than 140 characters.
If the lines in the input file are longer than the width of the
terminal screen, then they will permanently be split into two lines
by VIDED.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 39
3. ONE-PAGE SUMMARIES
VIDED is a text editor specially suitable for display terminals.
The screen will always show the new text after each edit operation.
3.1.1 ONE-PAGE SUMMARY OF VIDED INITIAL LINE OR SWITCH.INI COMMANDS
OUTFIL.EXT=INFIL.EXT/T:<model>/N:n
IF no input file, or same input and output file, omit "=INFIL.EXT".
/T:<model> indicates terminal model. Can be omitted if unknown.
/N:n produces a line numbered file with increment n (default:10).
/-N removes line numbers.
/AUTOBACKUP:n = file backup for every n:th command. Suppress with n=0.
/MP:n sets number of lines per page (default:56),
/ML:n sets left margin (default:5).
/MR:n sets right margin (default:72).
/L:n sets number of lines per page (default terminal dependent).
/C:n number of characters per line (on screen or max allowed).
/P or /-P to govern page headers with page numbers.
/SPEED:n to indicate terminal speed in bps, controls filler characters.
/DCA use direct cursor addressing facility of the terminal.
/-DCA do not use the same facility.
/ALF the terminal has built-in auto-line feed at carriage return.
/-ALF no such feature.
/SWEDISH the text is in the swedish language.
/OPTION:<name> select certain lines from the SWITCH.INI file.
/COUNT:<word> word preceding page numbers on page top lines.
/RUN:<file spec> program to be run when user exits from VIDED.
/JE:c character ending paragraph when first in line (default='.').
/-JE to disable &JU, &FI and &FC command without explicit numerical parameter.
/S:n how much to show after &N-search. Default: The whole screen.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 40
3.1.2 ONE-PAGE SUMMARY OF VIDED EDITING COMMANDS:
The character printed as & below is actually ALTMODE (once or twice)
or CONTROL-F. On some terminal types, & may another key on the
keyboard. Check chapter 4. of the VIDED manual.
CURSOR MOVEMENT TEXT INSERTION
&X Skip to end of line &I Insert text
&-X To beginning of line &nV or CONTROL-V Insert blanks
&Ah v Address screen &nL Insert n blank lines
&S Search within screen &LnD Divide line
&N Search beyond screen
&T or <TAB> To next tab position TEXT DELETION
&nT To horizontal pos n &nD Delete n characters
&TZ Zero tab settings &D Delete one character
&TR Restore tab settings &nW Delete last words
&TS,&TnS Make one tab setting &U Delete line up to cursor
&TC,&TnC Remove one tab setting &K Delete line from cursor
&nK Delete n lines
PARAGRAPH JUSTIFICATION
&FI Fill paragraph MOVING AND COPYING
&nFI Fill n lines(ragged marg) &Qreg n Store n lines in
&nFC Fill n lines compacting Q-register
&nJU Justify (even right marg) &Qreg m n Store box of width m,
&F- Divide word and fill height n in Q-register
&J- Divide word and justify &Greg Get Q-register
&nML Set left margin
&nMR Set right margin PAGE HANDLING
&LC Center line &nZ Scroll screen forwards
&LU Upcase line &-nZ Scroll screen backwards
&LL Lowcase line &PT Find top of current page
&LnN Renumber lines &PE Find end of current page
&nPT Find top of page n
STATUS, HELP, RESTORATION &+nPT Find top of n:th next page
&O Get status &-nPT Find top of n:th previous page
&H Type command summary &nPE Find end of page n
&nR Restore jumbled screen &+nPE Find end of n:th next page
&-nPE Find end of n:th previous page
EXITING &P Find top of next page
&E Normal exit &-0PT Find top of current full page
&C Cancel exit &PF Find page at end of file
&nPS Find too big/small page
MULTI-LINE ACTION &n*<command> &PI Insert page division
MASSIVE ERASURE &_<command> &PA Append next page
&FB File backup
WARNING: Always do the &R command after receiving messages
from the system, operator or from other users, like
"OPR:- Timesharing ends in 30 minutes"
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 41
3.2 ONE-PAGE SUMMARY OF DEC 10 TEXT HANDLING COMMANDS
(Capital letters indicate what you write.)
Starting to use the computer:
.LOGIN PPP,NNN ; Give your project number and programmer number
password: YYY ; Give your password
.ATTACH NN[PPP,NNN] ; Attach to detached job
Stopping the use of the computer:
.K/F ; Good-bye to the computer
File names: 1-6 letters or digits, a dot, 1-3 letters or digits. The
letters and digits after the dot are called "extensions". Some
typical extensions: Backup extension:
.TXT = Text file with page numbers .QXT
.BAS = Text file without page numbers .QAS
.LPT = To be listed and deleted .QPT
.MIC = Command file .QIC
.INI = Initialization file
Example: LETTER.TXT
Listing your file names:
.DIR ; List names of all your files
.DIR *.TXT ; List all file names ending with ".TXT"
.DIR *.Q?? ; List names of all backup files
.DIR LET???.* ; List all file names beginning with "LET"
.DIR/F/W:80 ; Short, compact listing
.DIR/SLOW ; Listing with the time the file was read last
.DIR/SINCE:1-May-78; List files changed after given date
.DIR/SINCE:0 ; List files changed today
Deleting files:
.DEL FIL.EXT ; Delete file "FIL.EXT"
.DEL *.Q?? ; Delete all VIDED backup files
Renaming files:
.RENAME NEW.EXT=OLD.EXT ; File "OLD.EXT" is renamed "NEW.EXT"
Copying files:
.COPY NEW.EXT=OLD.EXT ; File "NEW.EXT" becomes a copy of "OLD.EXT"
.COPY SUM.EXT=PART1.EXT,PART2.EXT ; File "SUM.EXT" becomes a copy
of the texts of both PART1
and PART2 after each other.
Running programs:
.RUN PROG ; Run your program "PROG"
.R PROG ; Run system program "PROG"
.R PUB:PROG ; Run public program "PROG"
Printing files:
.TYPE FIL.EXT ; Type on your terminal
.PRINT FIL.EXT ; Print on the line printer
.DO P4 FIL.EXT ; Print on the local printer
.DO P4B 3,FIL.EXT ; Print on the local printer, bold face
Control commands:
CONTROL-C ; Interrupt execution immediately (push twice)
CONTROL-O ; Skip typing, but continue
CONTROL-S ; Pause in typing
CONTROL-Q ; Continue to type after CONTROL-S
CONTROL-T ; What is the computer doing?
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 42
4. SPECIAL INFORMATION FOR VARIOUS TERMINALS
4.1 FUNCTION KEYS
On some terminal models with function keys, these can be used for
the most common VIDED commands. Usually, the function keys PF1 to
PF8 cause the VIDED commands &, &I, &X, &-X, &S, &N, &K, &1L.
You can cut out one of the two paper strips below, and paste it
immediately behind these function keys on the keyboard.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
! & ! &I ! &X ! &-X ! &S ! &N ! &K ! &1L !
-------------------------------------------------------------
! & ! &I ! &X ! &-X ! &S ! &N ! &K ! &1L !
4.2 TANDBERG TDV 2000
On this terminal, use the key labelled "UNDERLINE" on the terminal
instead of ALTMODE or CONTROL-F to start a command to VIDED.
Use the key labelled "BLINK" to get the effect which the TAB key
gives on other terminals.
WARNING: The CR key will blank the next line, the LF key part of
the next line, and should only be used if you want this blanking or
if the next line already is blank.
4.3 DATAMEDIA ELITE 1520
NOTE: If you have a DATAMEDIA ELITE 1520 terminal without the
optional "numeric" keyboard, your terminal lacks these four keys.
You can then instead use:
UP CONTROL-_
DOWN LINE FEED
LEFT BACKSPACE
RIGHT CONTROL-@ or CONTROL-\
HOME CONTROL-Y
4.4 MINIBEE, BEEHIVE B 100, DEC VT52 AND DEC VT100
A single altmode cannot be used to indicate the start of a command
to VIDED. Use CONTROL-F or two successive altmodes instead.
On the DEC VT52, the leftmost blank control key (immediately above
the digit 7 on the numeric pad) can be used to indicate the start
of a VIDED command. On the DEC VT100, the PF1 key can be used.
On the DEC VT100, VIDED will set the terminal in VT52 mode. If you
need the ANSI mode setting after using VIDED, you must reset to
ANSI mode using the SET-UP and RESET keys.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 43
4. SPECIAL INFORMATION FOR VARIOUS TERMINALS
On some BEEHIVE terminals, the cursor control keys with arrows up,
down, left, right and home work only locally. On such terminals,
these keys MAY NOT be used. Instead, use the corresponding ESCAPE
sequences to get the same effect:
UP ESCAPE-A
DOWN ESCAPE-B
LEFT ESCAPE-D
RIGHT ESCAPE-C
HOME ESCAPE-H
4.5 CDC 713-10
This terminal has a key labelled "SCROLL DISABLE". This key should
NOT be set!
The "home" key is labelled "reset" on the CDC 713-10, and it moves
the cursor not to the upper left, but to the lower left corner. You
can reach the upper left corner by the command "&a0 0".
CONTROL-U cannot be used on the CDC 713-10. Use ALTMODE-U instead.
4.6 TELETEC
The TELETEC has an option displaying only 40 extra big characters
per line. With the switch /C:39, VIDED can be used with this option
editing text where no line exceeds 39 characters.
4.7 ELITE 3025
On the ELITE 3025, you should push the PF1 key instead of the
ESCAPE key to start a text editing command. Two succesive pushes on
the ESCAPE key will also work. The function keys described in sec-
tion 4.1 above can be used on the ELITE 3025.
4.8 VOLKER 414H
On the Volker 414H, the PF1 key is recommended to start a VIDED
editing commands. Warning: If the terminal internally is set to
transmit carriage return as EOM, then the PF1 key cannot be used to
start VIDED editing command. Users are recommended to set this
internal switch to make EOM no character at all. VIDED will also
work with EOM = CONTROL-D or EOM = Carriage Return, but not quite
as well in all cases.
The following special key functions can be used on the Volker 414H:
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 44
4. SPECIAL INFORMATION FOR VARIOUS TERMINALS
.11L D/L = Delete Line (Note: A blank line is added at bottom of
.N screen).
.A I/L = Insert Line (Note: Bottom line of screen is pushed down below
.N screen but not deleted.)
D/C = Delete Character
.A I/C = Insert Character (Warning: Character may appear on line
position 80, which is not part of the edited text.)
.5L The function keys described in section 4.1 above can also be used
on Volker 414H terminals.
If you want to start VIDED from a MIC on a Volker 414H terminal,
then the line in the MIC file after the line containing the name of
the file to be edited, must be "*p" if your terminal is set for no
EOM character and "*" if your terminal is set for Carriage Return
as EOM character. If your terminal is set for EOT=Control-D as EOM
character, then you will have trouble calling VIDED from a MIC.
4.9 HAZELTINE 1510
VIDED has not been tested on the Hazeltine 1510, but since this
terminal is claimed to be similar to the Volker 414H, VIDED may
work with the Volker 414H setting.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 45
5. AUXILLIARY PROGRAMS
5.1 FILCOM - COMPARING OLD AND NEW TEXT VERSION
FILCOM can be used to compare an old and a new version of the same
file. Remember to save old versions of a file at suitable stages of
development, using e.g. the "COPY" monitor command:
.COPY fil.old=fil.ext
FILCOM can be run in two modes: compare mode and update mode.
In compare mode, FILCOM will produce a listing of only those lines
which differ between the compared files. For each changed section,
FILCOM will list both the old and the new version of the text.
In update mode, FILCOM will produce a listing of the new file, but
with the character '|' added in the left margin of all changed
lines since the previous version.
FILCOM is run in the following way:
In compare mode:
.R FILCOM
*FIL.SCM=FIL.OLD,FIL.EXT
*^C
FIL.SCM will indicate the differences between FIL.OLD and FIL.EXT.
In update mode:
.R FILCOM
*FIL.SCM/U=FIL.OLD,FIL.EXT
*^C
FIL.SCM will contain a copy of FIL.EXT with all differences as
compared to FIL.OLD marked with '|' in the left margin.
Warning: Do not apply FILCOM to entirely different files. The cost
and CPU time will be enormous for large files.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 46
5.2 VIDEDP - UNDERLINING, SUBSCRIPTS AND NEATER RIGHT MARGIN
This chapter is itself written with VIDEDP commands in it, and will
thus only look right if it is printed on a DIABLO-type terminal.
5.2.1 VIDEDP FACILITIES
VIDEDP is a program for outputting texts mainly on terminals compa-
tible with the Diablo 1620 terminal. VIDEDP provides the following
facilities:
> Straight left and right margins with all spaces in a line of equal
length (looks neater than with some spaces doubled and some not
.N doubled).
.J
> Underlining of certain words, where the underlining can be made to
.+ _____
automatically adjust to the shifts necessary to get straight right
.N margins.
.N
.J> Subscripts, superscripts and even multiline formulas, which all can
be made to adjust automatically to the shifts necessary to get
.U 2 2
. straight margins. You can for example write x or x or even formu-
.L 1
.U 2 2
.U y + z
. las such as x + ------- and you can, if you so want, include such
.L x
formulas in ordinary text with adjustments for straight right mar-
gins.
VIDEDP RESTRICTIONS
VIDEDP does not move words from line to line, since this is easily
.+ ___
done using VIDED (&FI, &FC or &JU command), RUNOFF (.FILL command)
or SOS (JU command). VIDEDP thus assumes that this has already been
done with VIDED, RUNOFF or SOS.
VIDEDP COMMANDS
.N VIDEDP takes a command string of the format
outfil.ext=infil.ext/switch1/switch2 ...
VIDEDP also interprets commands in the input file.
VIDEDP INPUT FILE COMMANDS
.A All VIDEDP input file commands begin with a dot (.) in the first
position of a line. This dot is followed by a command letter. For
some commands, a number may be given between the dot and the
command letter.
VIDEDP commands will be replaced with blanks in the output file,
except for lines beginning with the VIDEDP command .&, where the
whole line is omitted from the output text.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 47
5.2 VIDEDP - UNDERLINING, SUBSCRIPTS AND NEATER RIGHT MARGIN
.%.& COMMAND - DELETE COMMAND LINE
The .& command is used to give VIDEDP a line of several VIDEDP
commands. This line is not output. Example:
.&;.N
.%.&;.5L;.72R
.%.nL AND .nR COMMANDS - TO SET THE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGIN
.A The .nL command is used to tell VIDEDP the position of the left
margin. Example: .5L sets the left margin to 5 character posi-
tions.
The .nR command is used to tell VIDEDP the position of the right
margin. Example: .5R sets the right margin to 5 character posi-
tions.
.%.J AND .F COMMANDS - TO START RIGHT MARGIN ADJUSTMENT
The .J and .F commands starts right margin adjustment. The diffe-
rence is that the right margin adjustment after .J continues until
the next .J, .F, .A or .N command, while the right margin adjust-
ment after .F only lasts for one paragraph.
The last line of a paragraph is not adjusted. A paragraph finishes
with a wholly blank line or a line containing one of the commands
.J, .F, .A or .N.
.%.N COMMANDS - TO STOP RIGHT MARGIN ADJUSTMENT
.A This command stops right margin adjustment. It can be used in front
of tables and other data for which right margin adjustment is not
wanted.
.%.A COMMAND - AUTOMATIC RIGHT MARGIN ADJUSTMENT
This command can be used to minimize the number of VIDEDP commands
which must be inserted in the input file. The command can only be
used for texts which already have straight right margins of the
kind which you get with the RUNOFF .JUSTIFY, SOS JU command or
VIDED &JU command.
After the .A command, VIDEDP will only change the right-adjustment
on lines which already have been right adjusted in the more clumsy
way done by RUNOFF, SOS and VIDED.
VIDEDP will regard a line as right-adjusted by RUNOFF, SOS or VIDED
if the line (i) ends at the right margin given to VIDEDP with the
.R command, and (ii) the shortest space is not more than two
characters shorter than the widest space between the left and the
right margin.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 48
5.2 VIDEDP - UNDERLINING, SUBSCRIPTS AND NEATER RIGHT MARGIN
.%.+ AND ._ COMMANDS FOR OVERWRITING AND UNDERLINING
.J The .+ command can be used to write two lines on top of each other,
e.g. for underlining, accents or creating special symbols like
danish O by overwriting O with /.
.+ /
Further example:
.N
.% This text is to be underlined.
.%.+ _____________________________
.%
.% French "realite" has accents, "etre" circumflex, Danish "Kobenhavn"
.%.+ ' ' ^ /
.% a funny o.
.%.+ /
which will be printed as
.J
This text is to be underlined.
.+ _____________________________
French "realite" has accents, "etre" circumflex, Danish "Kobenhavn"
.+ ' ' ^ /
a funny o.
.+ /
The command "._" in the first two columns is similar to .+ but
causes underlining also of column 1 and 2. Example:
.N
.%This text is to be underlined.
.%.____________________________
which will come out as
.J
This text is to be underlined.
.____________________________
You can overwrite the same line many times e.g. to get both accents
and underlining. Example:
.N
.%French "realite" has accents, "etre" circumflex.
.%.+ ' ' ^
.%.______________________________________________
.J
which will come out as
French "realite" has accents, "etre" circumflex.
.+ ' ' ^
.______________________________________________
.%.U AND .L COMMAND FOR SUBSCRIPTS AND SUPERSCRIPTS
.A .U tells VIDEDP that the current line is to be printed only a half
step above the next line, and .L that the current line is to be
printed only a half step below the previous line. The main line
can, but must not, begin with a dot followed by a space.
Each line containing superscripts in the input file should begin
with .U, and each line containing subscripts with .L.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 49
5.2 VIDEDP - UNDERLINING, SUBSCRIPTS AND NEATER RIGHT MARGIN
.N Example of an input file
.N
.%.U 4 3 2
.% This formula: ax + bx + cx + d contains superscripts.
.% This line contains neither subscript nor superscript.
.%.U
.% This line contains subscripts: x + y = x'.
.%.L i i+1 i
.% This line contains neither subscript nor superscript.
.%.U -n
.% This line contains both: ker x + i kei x = i K (x(sqrt(i)).
.%.L n a n
.%.U n inx
.% Only superscripts: (cos x + i sin x) = e .
.% And here comes a multiline formula:
.%.L
.%. 1
.%.U 1 -1
.%. cosh x = - ( log x + -------- )
.%.L 2 e
.%.U -1
.%. log x
.%.L e
.N
which will come out like this:
.U 4 3 2
This formula: ax + bx + cx + d contains superscripts.
This line contains neither subscript nor superscript.
.U
This line contains subscripts: x + y = x'.
.L i i+1 i
This line contains neither subscript nor superscript.
.U -n
This line contains both: ker x + i kei x = i K (x(sqrt(i)).
.L n a n
.U n inx
Only superscripts: (cos x + i sin x) = e .
And here comes a multiline formula:
.L
. 1
.U 1 -1
. cosh x = - ( log x + -------- )
.L 2 e
.U -1
. log x
.L e
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 50
5.2 VIDEDP - UNDERLINING, SUBSCRIPTS AND NEATER RIGHT MARGIN
Underlining and formula handling can be combined:
.%.U y y
.%.+ _ _
.% x + x
.%.+ _ _
.%.L 1 2
which will come out as
.U y y
.+ _ _
x + x
.+ _ _
.L 1 2
.%.% COMMAND
.A
Since VIDEDP does not allow any lines beginning with dot other than
VIDEDP command lines and lines where there is a space after the
dot, there is a need for a command to output lines beginning with
dots. This is done using the .% command, where the first two
characters are deleted from the input line. Thus
.%.%.RUN VIDEDP
will come out as
.%.RUN VIDEDP
RUNNING THE VIDEDP PROGRAM
.N Write
.%.RUN VIDEDP-<outfile>=<infile>/<switch1>/<switch2> ...
.A <outfile> can be a file name or TTY: for the current terminal. If
<outfile>= is omitted, TTY: is assumed.
The extensions .VIP for English texts and .VIS for Swedish texts is
recommended, since VIDED will count lines in VIDEDP fashion for
files with extension beginning with .VI.
Switches:
.12L
.J /J identical to .&;.J on the first line of the input file (see
above)
.N /A identical to .&;.A on the first line of the input file
.J /L:n identical to .&;.nL on the first line of the input file, de-
fault value: /L:5
.J /R:n identical to .&;.nR on the first line of the input file de-
fault value: /R:72
.J /COG:n line spacing, number of half cogs, default = 2 = single line
spacing
.J /O other terminal than DIABLO. Only .+ and ._ VIDEDP commands
.N can at present be used.
.N /D Diablo terminal (default value).
.5L
.A VIDEDP was written in SIMULA for the DECsystem-10 computer by B`rje
Ohlman, section 142, Swedish National Defense Research Institute.
The program will be submitted to the DECUS library.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 51
5.3 INDEX - PRODUCTION OF A SORTED INDEX FOR A TEXT
INDEX makes it very simple to produce an index of the following
kind:
--- A ---
Adding text . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Address screen command . . . . . . 2.4
--- C ---
Cursor movement . . . . . . . . . . 1.2, 1.4, 2.4
INDEX is used in five stages:
1. Entry of new index words.
2. Sorting in alphabetical order (English or Swedish word order).
3. Correction and modification.
4. Index text production.
5. Postprocessing with VIDED, insertion into the full text.
After stage 2 or 3, you can go back to stage 1 or 2, e.g. to add
more index words to your index. Stage 4 must be directly preceded
by stage 2, to ensure a fully sorted index.
INDEX will produce the following files (where "FIL" is the name
chosen by you for your index):
FIL.USR Unsorted or updated index file.
FIL.SRT Sorted index file.
FIL.IND Index text in readable format.
FIL.MIC Command file to the SORT program.
You need only save the file FIL.USR, the other files can be pro-
duced again by the INDEX program when you need them.
To run INDEX, type
.R INDEX
and answer the questions from the computer. If you are unsure about
what to do, type ? and push the RETURN key to get help information.
When inputting index words, go through the text page by page and
input to the INDEX program the index words on that page. It is
usually better to refer not to page numbers but to decimal numbered
chapter. INDEX can handle chapter numbers of the kind "AB.1.c.2"
with dots to separate groups.
When inputting index words, you can use RUB OUT and CONTROL-U to
remove the current line and !!! followed by RETURN to remove the
previous index word. Repeated use of !!! can remove all index words
on the current page.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 52
5.3 INDEX - PRODUCTION OF A SORTED INDEX FOR A TEXT
Sorting is not done by the INDEX program but by the SORT program,
but INDEX will tell you how to start SORT when you leave the INDEX
program. Sorting is only done on alphabetical characters, thus AB,
'AC' and AD will follow each other.
During editing, you can use the following six editing commands:
0 Go to the next index word.
1 Combine the two displayed index words into one
word, equal to the first displayed word.
2 Combine the two displayed index words into one
word, equal to the second displayed word.
3 Change the first index word.
4 Search for a certain index word in the index.
5 Finish editing.
6 Go back to the previous index word.
Example:
If the program displays the following two words:
Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3
Pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7
then the command 1 will change this to:
Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3, 6.7
A suggestion: Use many worded index terms and try to imagine not
only which words you would use to search for information but also
which words other people would use.
A fuller manual for the INDEX program is available in Swedish from
FOA 1 rapportcentral, 104 50 Stockholm 80, report no C 10016.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 53
5.4 ARNF - LEFT-RIGHT-PAGINATION
The ARNF program can be used to convert a text produced with VIDED
or RUNOFF so that odd page numbers are in the upper right corner,
even page numbers in the upper left corner, for printing on both
paper sides.
ARNF can also be used to move certain characters, which your
printer cannot handle properly, to the margin outside the proper
text, to make it simpler for you to manually insert the correct
characters in the listings.
5.5 OVHEAD - BIG TEXT AND OVERHEAD PICTURES
OVHEAD can be used to produce big letters using the CALCOMP plotter
for signposts, overhead pictures etc. For more information see
HLP:OVHEAD.HLP.
5.6 MARG - SET MARGIN AND TAB STOPS ON TERMINAL
MARG is a program f`r setting the left margin and tab stops on
terminals of type GNT, TERMINET or DIABLO. When running MARG,
answer the first question with G for GNT and TERMINET, with D if
you have a DIABLO terminal with wide paper, with A if you have a
DIABLO terminal with narrow paper (e.g. upright A4 paper).
Answer the second question with the wanted left margin.
MARG will also set tab stops and .TTY TAB. This means that in most
.N cases, you can get faster typeout of your files by the command
.type/c fil.ext
.A MARG will set .TTY GAG, so that your nicely margined printouts will
not be cluttered up with messages from other users.
MARG will set .TTY FORM and .TTY BLANKS so that new pages and blank
lines will be printed correctly.
MARG will set a suitable .TTY WIDTH but also .TTY NO CRLF (no right
margin). If you want too long lines to be divided into several
output lines, type .TTY CRLF after running MARG.
On DIABLO terminals, MARG will set .TTY FILL 0.
Normally, MARG will set TABS at the standard distances of 8
character positions between each TAB. You can however get MARG to
set TABS at any other positions.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 54
5.6 MARG - SET MARGIN AND TAB STOPS ON TERMINAL
Example; You have a file containing the text (<HT> is a TAB
.N character in your file):
Name<TAB>Age<TAB>Telephone number
Eliza<TAB>23<TAB>23 45 99
Eve<TAB>25<TAB>45 23 99
You want this file typed in the following manner:
Name Age Telephone number
Eliza 23 23 45 99
Eve 25 45 23 99
Then first prepare a file (e.g. file.ext) with the content:
Name----- Age---- Telephone-number
And call marg in the following manner:
.RUN PUB:MARG-FILE.EXT
(Where file.ext is the name of the file you have prepared.)
.A If called in this manner, MARG will set a tab in the position
following each blank space in the first line of the file given to
the MARG program.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 55
5.7 VIDEDC - PRODUCE MULTI-COLUMN OUTPUT
.NVIDEDC is a program to convert a Switches:
single-column text to a multi-
column text. The page you are /COLUMNS:n to indicate wanted
reading now was produced with number of columns in output.
VIDEDC.
/TABS move from column to column
.RUN VIDEDC by outputting a horizontal
%VIDEDC VERSION 1 IS HERE tab character. This
*outfil.ext=infil.ext/switches a) Requires that horizontal tabs
Input no of columns: 2 have been set on the terminal.
Input tab positions for all except The "MARG" program can be used
the first column: to set such tabs at arbitrary
40 positions.
Give page numbers from input file: b) Gives faster output than
8 1 simulating tabs with spaces.
Give page numbers from input file: c) Is the only possible choice if
2 7 the input file contains back-
Give page numbers from input file: space characters or special
6 3 terminal control characters
Give page numbers from input file: (such as VIDEDP produces for
4 5 Diablo terminals with the
Give page numbers from input file: VIDEDP commands .A or .J).
-1
/DIABLO indicates output to a
Combining VIDEDP with VIDEDC: Diablo 1620 terminal. Note that
Always use VIDEDP first, and then VIDEDC can correctly handle files
use VIDEDC on the file produced by containing half-line-feed control
VIDEDP. If you use the special and changing horizontal motion
facilities for even right margins index, but n o t negative half-
in VIDEDP, then the /TABS switch line-feeds and changing vertical
must be given to VIDEDC. motion index.
If you want one column to be /TERMINET indicates output to a
blank, write the page number 0. Terminet terminal.
Page number -1 indicates end of
execution.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 56
6. THE VIDED DISTRIBUTION TAPE AND HOW TO MODIFY VIDED
.A This chapter is only of use for the system specialist setting up
VIDED at a computer site or who wants to modify and recompile
VIDED.
6.1 SETTING UP VIDED WITHOUT RECOMPILING
The following files must be copied from the VIDED distribution tape
to the SYS area (Unless you have later versions of the files al-
.N ready on the SYS area):
VIDED.EXE,SIMR41.EXE,SIMR42.EXE,SIMDD4.ABS
The following file must be copied to the HLP area: VIDED.HLP
The following files are recommended but not necessary:
VIDEDP.EXE,INDEX.SAV,ARNF.SAV,VIDED.MAN
6.2 SIMULA VERSION FOR RECOMPILING VIDED
.A To recompile VIDED, you must have SIMULA version 4 or later on SYS.
SIMULA is available as a separate entry in the DECUS library.
The following files, belonging to the SIMULA system, must be taken
from the VIDED tape to SYS (unless you already have later versions
of them on SYS): LIBSIM.REL,LIBSIM.ATR,SIMLIB.REL.
Note that if the SIMULA version you get has older versions of these
files, then the versions on the VIDED tape must be used.
6.3 RECOMPILING VIDED
All the MACRO-10 source files on the VIDED distribution tape must
be reassembled. VTMVDA.MAC must be assembled before the other
files.
The following SIMULA files must be compiled in the given order:
TERMTY.SIM, SSCAN.SIM, MMISTA.SIM, MIDED1.SIM, MIDED2.SIM,
MIDED3.SIM, MIDEDB.SIM.
If you want to produce a production version of VIDED, these files
should be compiled with the compiler switches (-D-I-A-Q). There is
a MIC file MIDED1.MIC on the distribution tape to simplify this.
6.4 RELOADING VIDED
To produce a DEBUG version of VIDED, just type "LOAD MIDEDB".
To produce a production version of VIDED (with all reentrant code
in the high segment), you must use the MIC file VILINK.MIC which is
available on the VIDED distribution tape.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 57
6. THE VIDED DISTRIBUTION TAPE AND HOW TO MODIFY VIDED
6.5 ADDING A NEW TERMINAL MODEL
6.5.1 ADDING A TERMINAL MODEL WITHOUT RECOMPILING
When running VIDED, you can answer "display" to the question from
VIDED about terminal type. VIDED will then ask you to push the
cursor control keys on your terminal. In many cases, VIDED will
then run, although not using all facilities of your terminal.
You can also produce a MIC file to do the same thing for you.
6.5.2 REQUIREMENTS ON THE TERMINAL FOR USE WITH VIDED
Minimum requirements on a terminal for VIDED to run on it are that
there are control codes which can be sent from the computer to the
.N terminal to:
> Move the cursor to a fixed home position on the screen.
> Move the cursor one step up, down, left and right.
.A > The "Carriage Return" character moves the cursor to the beginning
.N of the line.
.A > The "Line Feed" character moves the cursor one line down, and
scrolls the screen if at the bottom of the screen.
Also, VIDED requires that all character positions on the screen can
be individually overwritten.
In addition to the above, it is a great advantage if the terminal
has the following characteristics:
> The "Delete" character code (octal 177) has no effect at all on the
.N terminal (does not show up as a white rectangle on the screen).
.A > The cursor control codes are either one character in the range
octal 0-37, or the "escape" character followed by one additional
.N control character.
> The home position is in the upper left corner of the screen.
.A > The cursor control codes do not use the following character codes:
^O, ^T, ^U.
.N Also very valuable are the following terminal characteristics:
> A Direct-Cursor-Addressing facility.
.A > Control codes for "Insert Character", "Delete Character", "Insert
.N Line" and "Delete Line".
.A > A facility for two modes of showing text on the screen, e.g. normal
and inverse video, underlined, or dim mode.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 58
6. THE VIDED DISTRIBUTION TAPE AND HOW TO MODIFY VIDED
6.5.3 ADDING A NEW TERMINAL TYPE NAME
6.5.3.1 MODIFYING TERMTY.SIM
First modify the file TERMTY.SIM. Add your terminal model to the
menu output by the procedure "type_menu".
Increase the dimension of the array "tr" to accomodate your new
terminal models.
Then find the statement "ts:-". Add your terminal model in the text
constant, immediately before "DISPLAY" at the end of the list.
Your terminal model will be given an integer number, corresponding
to its position in this list. For example, "vista" is number 1, "vt
100" is number 21. Your terminal will get the next free number.
Use this number when modifying the procedures "ldefault" and
"cdefault" which are to return the number of lines on the screen
(ldefault) and one less than the number of characters per line
(cdefault).
6.5.3.2 MODIFYING VISTA.SIM
.N In the file "VISTA.SIM" there are three integer declarations
INTEGER fut1, fut2, fut3;
Exchange one of them for the name of your terminal model, e.g.
INTEGER myterm, fut2, fut3;
.A Find the statement "vt100:= 21" towards the end of VISTA.SIM and
add a statement "myterm:= 22" or whatever integer number your
terminal got in TERMTY.SIM.
Find the statement "IF terminaltype = volkerd414h" and add a simi-
lar section for your terminal model.
If any of your terminal control codes are to be preceded by the
"escape" character, then set "ADDALTMODE:= TRUE".
For any terminal control code which is not to be preceded by
"escape" even though "addaltmode" is TRUE, make the corresponding
Boolean variable TRUE, e.g. "LEFTSINGLE:= TRUE" if the code to move
the cursor left one step is not preceded by escape.
The text variables deleteline, insertline, deletechar and insert-
char are only to be given values if your terminal can handle such
codes. Add enough filler characters at the end of these texts,
since many terminals take some time to perform these actions.
Thereafter recompile TERMTY.SIM, VISTA.SIM and CAT.SIM and see if
the "CAT" program works on your terminal.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 59
6. THE VIDED DISTRIBUTION TAPE AND HOW TO MODIFY VIDED
When CAT works, add direct-cursor-addressing code if your terminal
can do direct-cursor-addressing. This code is found in the
procedure "move_the_cursor_to" in VISTA.SIM. Also, now, set
"DIRECT_CURSOR_ADDRESSING:= TRUE" for your terminal type.
Try the CAT program again to see if it works with direct cursor
addressing.
6.5.3.3 MODIFYING VTMCUR.MAC
If you did modify the procedure "move_the_cursor_to", then the
assembler language version VTMCUR.MAC of this procedure used by
VIDED must also be modified in the same way.
6.5.3.4 PRODUCING MMISTA.SIM
By running the program COCOS, you can convert "VISTA.SIM" to
"MMISTA.SIM". Answer MACRO=FALSE, CALLMAC=TRUE, MVISTA=TRUE,
SIMULATION=FALSE, SIMSET=FALSE to the questions from COCOS.
If you added any variable declarations to VISTA, you may have to
create a new VTMVDA.MAC from VISTA:SIM with COCOS. In this case,
answer similarly except MACRO=TRUE.
After changing VTMVDA.MAC, you must reassemble VTMCUR.MAC,
VTISNG.MAC, VTSYNK.MAC.
Thereafter compile MMISTA.SIM, MIDED1.SIM, MIDED2.SIM, MIDED3.SIM,
MIDEDB.SIM, load and see if VIDED works.
6.5.3.5 IF VIDED DOES NOT WORK
Possibly, your terminal has some special way of working. You can
find the places in VISTA.SIM and MIDED?.SIM where terminal type
dependencies crop up by searching for "IF terminaltype =" in the
source files.
6.6. OTHER KINDS OF CODE MODIFICATIONS
MMISTA.SIM contains basic procedures for controlling the terminal
.N screen. MIDED3.SIM contains:
.A > First a section for interpreting the command line given when
.N starting VIDED, reading SWITCH.INI etc.
.A > A very important procedure "get_command" which handles the
.N interpretation of VIDED editing commands.
.A > A procedure "edit" to handle characters from the terminal which are
to become part of the text.
MIDED1.SIM and MIDED2.SIM contain procedure to perform the various
VIDED editing commands. See the procedure "get_command" in MIDED3
to find which procedure does what.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 60
7. MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VIDED
The following files on the DECUS VIDED distribution tape may be of
interest to you:
VIDED.BLB Short description of VIDED and list of files on the tape
VIDED.HLP The help file
VISTA.MAN About the handling of terminal screens
The DECUS distribution tape also contains full source files for
VIDED.
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 61
8. INDEX
--- A ---
A command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Accent, superimposed on other character . . 5.2
Adding text . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Addres screen command . . . . . . . 2.4
Adjustment of page size, &PS command . . 2.9
ALTMODE key . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Ampersand '&' command start marker . . 2.3
/AUTOBACKUP switch . . . . . . . . 2.1.2
Auxilliary programs . . . . . . . . 5
--- B ---
Backup file . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Backup of file command, introduction . . 1.12
Backup of files command . . . . . . 2.11
Backup, automatic . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2
Baude, less than 2400, use of . . . 2.9
Beehive terminal . . . . . . . . . 4
Beginning an editing session . . . 2.1
Big text production . . . . . . . . 5.5
Board production . . . . . . . . . 5.5
Both paper sides, printing on . . . 5.4
Bottom of page command, introduction . . 1.9
Box copying . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
--- C ---
C command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11
/C switch for number of characters/line . . 2.1.2
Calling other programs from VIDED . 2.1.4
Calling VIDED from other programs . 2.1.4
Carriage Return character . . . . . 2.13
Carriage Return key . . . . . . . . 2.4
CDC 713-10 terminal . . . . . . . . 4
Centering line, &LC command . . . . 2.7
Centering of several lines with one command . . 2.12
Changes marked in left margin . . . 5.1
Character deletion . . . . . . . . 2.6
Characters, non-printable . . . . . 2.13
Circumflex, superimposed on other character . . 5.2
& command start marker . . . . . . 2.3
Commands to VIDED, introduction . . 1.3
Commands to VIDED, typing of . . . 2.3
Commands, short list of . . . . . . 3.1.2
Comparing two versions of the same text . . 5.1
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 62
8. INDEX
CONTROL-C key . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11
CONTROL-D key . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
CONTROL-F key . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
CONTROL-L key . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
CONTROL-U key . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
CONTROL-W key . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Copying files . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Copying text . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Copying text, introduction . . . . 1.8
/COUNT switch to indicate how to number pages . . 2.1.2
CURSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Cursor addressing, direct, /DCA switch . . 2.1.2
Cursor movement . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Cursor movement key on DATAMEDIA ELITE 1520 . . 2.4
Cursor movement, introduction . . . 1.2, 1.4
Curve, example . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
--- D ---
D command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
D command, introduction . . . . . . 1.6
DATAMEDIA ELITE 1520 terminal . . . 0, 2.1, 4
DATAMEDIA ELITE 1520 terminal cursor move key . . 2.4
Date on top of first page . . . . . 1.9
/DCA switch for direct cursor addressing . . 2.1.2
DEC VT52 and VT100 terminals . . . 2.1
Default values in SWITCH.INI file . 2.1, 2.1.2
DEL key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Delete command . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
DELETE key . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
DELETE key, introduction . . . . . 1.6
Deleting files . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Deletion of text . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Deletion of text, introduction . . 1.6
Diablo terminal . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
Diagram, example . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Difference between two text versions . . 5.1
Digital VT52 and VT100 terminal . . 4
Direct cursor addressing . . . . . 2.4
Direct cursor addressing, /DCA switch . . 2.1.2
Directory of file names . . . . . . 3.2
Divide page command . . . . . . . . 2.9
Divide word command . . . . . . . . 2.7
Dividing lines . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
DOWN key . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2, 2.4
DOWN key on ELITE 1520 terminal . . 2.4
Duplication of text . . . . . . . . 2.8
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 63
8. INDEX
--- E ---
E command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11
E command, introduction . . . . . . 1.11
Elite terminals . . . . . . . . . . 0, 2.1, 4
End of file searching, &PF command . . 1.9, 2.9
End of line command . . . . . . . . 2.4
End of page command . . . . . . . . 2.9
End of page command, introduction . 1.9
End of text searching, &PF command . . 2.9
Error protection, &FB command . . . 2.11
Errors in screen, not in file . . . 2.10
ESCAPE key . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Even right margin . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Even right margin, extra neat . . . 5.2
Exiting from VIDED . . . . . . . . 2.11
Exiting from VIDED, introduction . 1.11
Extensions to file names . . . . . 3.2
--- F ---
F- command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Faults in screen, not in file . . . 2.10
FB command, file backup . . . . . . 2.11
FC command, compacting with ragged right margin . . 2.7
FI command, filling with ragged right margin . . 2.7
Figure production . . . . . . . . . 2.8
FILCOM file comparing program . . . 5.1
File Backup command, introduction . 1.12, 2.11
File backup, automatic . . . . . . 2.1.2, 2.11
File comparing . . . . . . . . . . 5.1
File names . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Filling command . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Filling of slow terminal screen . . 2.9
Filling pages, &PS command . . . . 2.9
Find end of file, introduction . . 1.9
Flow diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Flow diagram, example . . . . . . . 1.1
Form feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
FORMFEED key . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
Formula handling . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Formulas with subscripts and superscripts . . 2.12, 5.2
Full description of the VIDED commands . . 2
--- G ---
G command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
G command, introduction . . . . . . 1.8
Get from Q-register commands . . . 2.8
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 64
8. INDEX
--- H ---
H command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
H command, introduction . . . . . . 1.10
Half step line feeds . . . . . . . 5.2
Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Header on top of pages . . . . . . 1.9
Help command . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
HOME key . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2, 2.4
--- I ---
I command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
I command, introduction . . . . . . 1.5
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3, 6.
Index letters, half step above and below main line . .
5.2
Index like the one you are reading just now . . 5.3
INFOTON terminals . . . . . . . . . 0, 2.1
Initial values in SWITCH.INI file . 2.1
Input file . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Inputting text . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
Insert space command . . . . . . . 2.5
Insertion and justification, combining . . 2.7
Insertion and justification, introduction . . 1.7
Insertion of text . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Insertion of text, introduction . . 1.5
Introduction to VIDED . . . . . . . 1.
--- J ---
/JE switch to indicate how paragraph ends . . 2.1.2
JU command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
JU command, introduction . . . . . 1.7
Jumbled screen, restoration of . . 2.10
Justification of paragraphs . . . . 2.7
Justification of paragraphs, introduction . . 1.7
Justification, where to end, /JE switch . . 2.1.2
--- K ---
K command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
K command, introduction . . . . . . 1.6
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 65
8. INDEX
--- L ---
L and JU commands combined, introduction . . 1.7
L command, introduction . . . . . . 1.5
/L switch for number of lines on screen . . 2.1.2
Large text production . . . . . . . 5.5
Last page finding, &PF command . . 2.9
Last word deletion . . . . . . . . 2.6
LC command, centering line . . . . 2.7
LEFT key . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2, 2.4
LEFT key on ELITE 1520 terminal . . 2.4
Left margin . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1, 2.7
Left-right pagination for both side printing . . 5.4
Length of lines . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Line deletion . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Line divide command . . . . . . . . 2.5
Line feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Line feed, half stepped . . . . . . 5.2
Line insertion command . . . . . . 2.5
Line length . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Line-numbered file, creation of . . 2.1
Line-numbers, deletion of . . . . . 2.1
Lines per page, number of . . . . . 2.1
Listing file names . . . . . . . . 3.2
LL command, line lowcase . . . . . 2.7
Logging in . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Logging out . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Loop command . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Lowcasing line, &LL command . . . . 2.7
LU command, line upcase . . . . . . 2.7
--- M ---
Machine error protection, &FB command . . 2.11
Many lines affected by one command . . 2.12
Margin, left and right . . . . . . 2.1, 2.7
Margin, right, even, extra neat . . 5.2
Minibee terminal . . . . . . . . . 4
MINITEC terminals . . . . . . . . . 0, 2.1
ML command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
/ML switch for left margin . . . . 2.1.2
Moving several lines left or right on the screen . . 2.12
Moving text . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Moving text, introduction . . . . . 1.8
Moving the cursor on the screen . . 2.4
Moving to a certain page number, &PT command . . 2.9
MR command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
/MR switch for right margin . . . . 2.1.2
Multi-line application of command . 2.12
Multiwriting on same character position . . 5.2
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 66
8. INDEX
--- N ---
N command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4, 2.9
N command, introduction . . . . . . 1.4
/N switch for line numbered file creation . . 2.1.2
New and old version of the same text, comparing . . 5.1
New text insertion . . . . . . . . 2.5
Next page, &P command . . . . . . . 2.9
Number of lines per page . . . . . 2.1
Number of page, left/right adjustment of . . 5.4
Numbering of lines . . . . . . . . 2.1
--- O ---
O command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
O command, introduction . . . . . . 1.10
Old and new version of the same text . . 5.1
One-page summary of commands . . . 3.
/OPTION to read selected SWITCH.INI lines . . 2.1.2
Output file . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Overhead picture production . . . . 5.5
--- P ---
P command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
P command, introduction . . . . . . 1.9
/P switch for title, page number on page tops . . 2.1.2
Page choice command &PT, &PE . . . 1.9
Page choice commands, &PT and &PE . 2.9
Page handling . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Page handling, introduction . . . . 1.9
Page number, left/right adjustment of . . 5.4
Page size adjustment, &PS command . 2.9
Page size, number of lines . . . . 2.1
Paper sides, printing on both . . . 5.4
Paragraph justification . . . . . . 2.7
Paragraph justification, introduction . . 1.7
Paragraph, how it ends, /JE switch . . 2.1.2
Password at logging in . . . . . . 3.2
PF command, end of file finding . . 2.9
PI command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Picture production, examples . . . 1.1
Plotting of big text . . . . . . . 5.5
Position to type = CURSOR . . . . . 1.1
Printing on both paper sides . . . 5.4
Protection against machine error, &FB command . . 2.1.2,
2.11
Protection code . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 67
8. INDEX
--- Q ---
Q command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Q command, introduction . . . . . . 1.8
Q-register store and get commands . 2.8
--- R ---
R command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
R command, introduction . . . . . . 1.10
Ragged right margin . . . . . . . . 2.7
Rectangle copying . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Renaming files . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Reordering text . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Restoring of jumbled screen . . . . 2.10
Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Restrictions in VIDED . . . . . . . 2.13
RETURN key . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
RETURN key, introduction . . . . . 1.2
RETURN key, used for scrolling . . 1.1
RIGHT key . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2, 2.4
RIGHT key on ELITE 1520 terminal . 2.4
Right margin . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1, 2.7
Right margin, even or ragged . . . 2.7
Right margin, even, extra neat . . 5.2
RUB OUT key . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
RUB OUT key, introduction . . . . . 1.6
/RUN switch to indicate what to call when exiting . .
2.1.2
Running other programs from VIDED . 2.1.4
Running program after VIDED, /RUN switch . . 2.1.2
Running programs . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Running VIDED . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Running VIDED from other programs . 2.1.4
--- S ---
S command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
S command, introduction . . . . . . 1.4
/S switch limits no of lines shown at slow speed . .
2.1.2
Saving file, automatic . . . . . . 2.1.2
Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Scrolling, &Z command . . . . . . . 1.9, 2.7, 2.9
Search command . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Search command, across page boundaries . . 2.9
Search command, introduction . . . 1.4
Security against machine error command &FB . . 2.11
Security against machine error, automatic . . 2.1.2
Selecting lines from SWITCH.INI file . . 2.1.3
Selecting lines from SWITCH.INI, /OPTION . . 2.1.2
Selecting page commands, &PT and &PE . . 2.9
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 68
8. INDEX
Set tab settings . . . . . . . . . 2.4
Several lines affected by one command . . 2.12
Shifting several lines left or right on the screen . .
2.12
Shifting text left and rightwards &V and &D . . 2.5, 2.12
Short listing of commands . . . . . 3.
Size of pages, adjustment, &PS command . . 2.9
Size of pages, in number of lines . 2.1
Skip to end of line command . . . . 2.4
Slow terminal connctions, /S switch . . 2.1.2
Slow terminals . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Starting an editing session . . . . 2.1
Status type command . . . . . . . . 2.10
Store in Q-register commands . . . 2.8
Subheader on top of pages . . . . . 1.9
Subscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
Summary of commands . . . . . . . . 3.
Superimposing two characters on top of each other . . 5.2
Superscripts . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
/SWEDISH switch for swedish language text . . 2.1.2
SWITCH.INI file, reading of . . . . 2.1, 2.1.3
SWITCH.INI file, selecting lines from . . 2.1.3
SWITCH.INI file, switches which can be given in . . 2.1.2
SWITCH.INI, selecting lines from, /OPTION . . 2.1.2
Switches, default, to be given in SWITCH.INI file . .
2.1.2
--- T ---
T command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
/T switch for terminal type . . . . 2.1.2
Tab characters in the file . . . . 2.12
TAB key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
TAB key, introduction . . . . . . . 1.2
Tab settings, default values . . . 2.4
Tab settings, making . . . . . . . 2.4
Tab settings, restoring . . . . . . 2.4
Tab settings, zeroing of . . . . . 2.4
Table handling . . . . . . . . . . 2.12
Table production . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Table, example . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Tandberg TDV 2000 terminal . . . . 4
TEC terminals . . . . . . . . . . . 0, 2.1, 4
TELETEC terminals . . . . . . . . . 0, 2.1, 4
Terminal type dependencies . . . . 4
Terminal types . . . . . . . . . . 0, 2.1
Terminal, slow . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
Text comparing program . . . . . . 5.1
Text deletion . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Text deletion, introduction . . . . 1.6
Text input . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
VIDED - A DISPLAY-ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR PAGE 69
8. INDEX
Text insertion . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Text insertion, introduction . . . 1.5
Todays date on top of first page . 1.9
Top of page command . . . . . . . . 2.9
Top of page command, introduction . 1.9
Transfer from other programs to VIDED . . 2.1.4
Transfer from VIDED to other programs . . 2.1.4
Transferring text . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Typing text . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
TZ command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
--- U ---
U command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
U command, introduction . . . . . . 1.6
Underlining . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
UP key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2, 2.4
UP key on ELITE 1520 terminal . . . 2.4
Upcasing line, &LU command . . . . 2.7
Updated version of file, comparing with old . . 5.1
Upper casing of several lines with one command . . 2.12
--- V ---
V command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Versions of the same text, comparing them . . 5.1
VIDED commands, typing of . . . . . 2.3
VIDEDP program for even right margin, extra neat . . 5.2
VIDEDP program for underlining, subscripts . . 5.2
Vista terminals . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
VT52 and VT100 terminal . . . . . . 4
--- W ---
W command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
W command, introduction . . . . . . 1.6
Word deletion command . . . . . . . 2.6
--- X ---
X command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4
X command, introduction . . . . . . 1.4
--- Z ---
Z command, scrolling text . . . . . 2.9
Zero tab settings . . . . . . . . . 2.4