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         EMACS/VMACS Reference Card

    For use with EMACS loaded with TVLIB

Key:
[x] = edit-x (or escape-x as two keystrokes).
	Referred to as "meta-x" by EMACS.
^x  = control-x
 $  = escape.  [$x] is referred to as
	"control-meta-x" by EMACS.  Same as
	single keystroke [^X] for most
	letters x, but can't be typed that
	way for special chars such as ^ or =.
"point" = position of the cursor.

Almost all commands for which it makes sense
can take a numeric repeat argument, typed
(entirely) with the edit key held down.  A
repeat argument may also be given to a
non-command, e.g. [4]x will insert 4 x's.
^U is a special repeat arg meaning "4 times".
^U^U is thus 4x4 or 16 times.

Cursor movement

[space] -- forward character
[del] -- backward character
[^] -- up line
[lf] -- down line
[cr] -- move to start of new line
[$^] -- top of screen
[$\] -- bottom of screen
[(]  -- backward word
[)]  -- forward word
[^L]  or [$(] -- start of line
[tab] or [$)] -- end of line

[[]  (edit-[) -- backward paragraph
[]]  (edit-]) -- forward paragraph
[{]  -- go to start of file
[}]  -- go to end of file
[P]  -- go to next pagemark
[nP] -- go to page n
[-nP] -- go backward n pages
[G]  -- same as [P]


Scrolling

[W]  -- window forward
[-W] -- window backward
[nW] -- window forward by n lines
[-nW] - window backward by n lines
^L -- window forward	   \  on
^\ -- half window backward  | left
^] -- half window forward  / keypad

Killing

[K]  -- kill character
^K or [^K] or [$K] -- kill to end of line
[n^K] -- kill n lines
[D]  -- delete to end of word
[-D] or ^W -- delete back to start of word
[Z] char -- Zap (kill) to char


Searching

[S] char -- Skip to char
[B] char -- Backward skip to char
[A] -- (Again) repeat last [S], [B], or [Z]
^S string -- search for string
^R string -- reverse search for string
^S^S or ^R^R -- search (or reverse search)
	for last thing you searched for

  (^S and ^R are incremental search; type $
   or any edit command to end search; <del>
   to back up search; ^S or ^R to search for
   next occurrence of string.)


Unkilling

^Y -- (Yank) recover last thing killed and
	insert it in buffer at point.
[n]^Y -- unkill nth previous text killed.
[Y]   -- Following a ^Y, replaces restored
	text with previously killed text.
	Following a justify/fill command,
	inserts the original unfilled text.
[^Y]  -- (Append next kill) Make next command
	(a kill command) append text to
	previous thing killed, so that they
	all come out in one ^Y.

File visiting/switching

[^F] or [$F] -- Finish: exit EMACS.  If in
	Auto Save mode, file is saved.
^X^V -- edit a file in current buffer
^X^R -- edit file readonly in buffer
^X^F -- (Find file) edit a file in its own
	buffer
[-]^X^F -- like ^X^F but readonly
^X^S -- save current buffer in its file
^X^W -- Write current buffer to a file

  (^X^V, ^R, ^F, ^W all prompt for filename)

^X B -- switch to a different buffer (prompts
	for name)
^X^B -- list all buffers currently active
[H]  -- (Home) switch to previous buffer
^X K  -- Kill buffer


Two window mode

^X 2  -- go into 2-window mode, putting cursor
	in second window.  Creates buffer W2
	first time.
^X 1  -- go back to one-window mode.
^X 3  -- go into 2-window mode but stay in
	first window.
^X 4  -- Modified 2-window: lets you specify
	what you want in window 2.  Type "F"
	after this command to fetch a file
	into window 2 (a la ^X^F), or "B" to
	pull in an existing buffer (^X B).
[O]  -- switch to Other window.
[^W] -- Scroll other window.
[n] ^X ^ -- (i.e. ^X uparrow) increase current
	window by n lines (or decrease if
	negative).


Region manipulation

[null] -- set a new mark at cursor (point)
^X^X -- exchange point and mark
^U^@ -- pop mark into cursor (go to last mark
	and remove it)
[M]  -- Mark current paragraph
[$M] -- mark sentence
^X^P -- mark current page
^X { -- mark start of file
^X } -- mark end of file
^X H -- mark wHole buffer
[,]  -- Kill region
[.]  -- Copy region as if killed (^Y will
	produce the copies)

Fancier text manipulation

[Q]  -- Fill paragraph
[1Q] -- Fill and justify paragraph
[^Q] -- Fill region
[1^Q] -- Fill and justify region
[^S] -- center line
[^R] -- Right flush line
[n ^X F] -- set "Fill column" (right margin)
	to n
[n_]  -- shift region to the right n chars
	(or to left if negative).
[\]  -- delete spaces around cursor.

^A -- go to start of sentence
^E -- go to end of sentence
[^A] -- kill back to start of sentence
[^D] -- kill entire sentence

[L]  -- lowercase (from point to end of word)
[U]  -- Uppercase
[C]  -- Capitalize

[T]  -- Transpose the words that point is
	between.
[nT] -- Moves word before point n words to
	the right.

Information

^_  -- Help.  Type another char to get
	various kinds of help:
 ^_A -- Apropos.  Lists commands containing a
	keyword you type.
 ^_L -- Lossage.  Prints the last 60 or so
	commands you typed, so you can figure
	out how you blew it.
 ^_? -- will tell you what else you can do.
[?] -- Gives a description of any command
	you type.
[=] -- print cursor row and column, and byte
	address in file.
[$=] -- print current page and line number.
^T  -- print Time and Load average.

Misc commands

^G  -- (interrupt char) abort whatever is
	happening
^O  -- insert blank line at point.
^U^O -- insert 4 blank lines.
^X^O -- delete all extra blank lines from
	point to next non-blank line.
[^O] -- break line at point, moving right
	half of line down one line without
	disturbing its horizontal position.
^Q char -- insert char Quoted and
	Controlified, without regard for its
	use as a command.  E.g. ^QC will
	insert a ^C.
[N] -- refresh current line.
[$N] or [^N] -- refresh whole screen.

^X ( -- start defining a macro
^X ) -- end definition of macro
^X E -- Execute last macro
[x] Name Kbd Macro -- assign last macro a
	name and/or a command char.

Misc extend commands:
  (type these following [X]; most of them can
   be abbreviated; type $ for completion)

Replace String$oldstring$newstring  -- does
	string substitution.  With arg does
	only cases where oldstring is
	surrounded by non-text delimiters.
Auto Save -- go into auto save mode; with arg
	of zero turns it off.
Auto Fill -- go into auto fill mode; with arg
	of zero turns it off.
Insert File$filename -- insert indicated file
	into buffer at point.
View Page Directory -- Print a "directory" giving
	first line of each page in file; with
	arg of n starts at page n.
Save All Files -- Saves each buffer that has
	changed, prompting you about each.
	With arg doesn't ask.