TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual | Electronically Distributed | | | | This manual contains descriptions of the TOPS-10 | monitor commands, their formats and their usage. | This manual supercedes the TOPS-10 Operating | System Commands Manual published in October, 1988. | The order number for that manual, AA-0916F-TB, is | obsolete. Operating System: TOPS-10 Version 7.04 Software: GALAXY Version 5.1 digital equipment corporation maynard, massachusetts | TOPS-10 Software Update Tape No. 04, December 1990 First Printing, July 1975 Revised, August 1977 Revised, March 1978 Revised, August 1980 Updated, July l982 Updated, February 1984 Revised, April 1986 Revised, October 1988 | Revised, June 1990 | Revised, December 1990 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies. | Copyright C 1975, 1984, 1988, 1990 Digital Equipment Corporation. All Rights Reserved. CI DECtape LA50 SITGO-10 DDCMP DECUS LN01 TOPS-10 DEC DECwriter LN03 TOPS-20 DECmail DELNI MASSBUS TOPS-20AN DECnet DELUA PDP UNIBUS DECnet-VAX HSC PDP-11/24 UETP DECserver HSC-50 PrintServer VAX DECserver 100 KA10 PrintServer 40 VAX/VMS DECserver 200 KI Q-bus VT50 DECsystem-10 KL10 ReGIS DECSYSTEM-20 KS10 RSX d i g i t a l CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 JOBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 CONNECTING TO THE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.3 OPERATING SYSTEM MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1.3.1 Interactive Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1.3.2 Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1.4 INTERACTIVE LEVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1.4.1 Monitor Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1.4.2 User Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1.5 CONTEXTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1.6 SPECIAL CHARACTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1.6.1 CTRL/C - Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1.6.2 DELETE Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1.6.3 CTRL/W - Delete Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 1.6.4 CTRL/U - Delete Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 1.6.5 CTRL/R - Reprint Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1.6.6 CTRL/O - Cancel Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.6.7 CTRL/S - Hold Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.6.8 CTRL/Q - Resume Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.6.9 CTRL/T - Job Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1.7 TYPE-AHEAD CAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 1.8 COMMAND FORMATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 1.8.1 Command Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1.8.2 Line Continuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1.8.3 Command Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 1.8.3.1 Relative Date-Time Arguments . . . . . . . . 1-13 1.8.3.2 Absolute Date-Time Arguments . . . . . . . . 1-13 1.8.4 Command Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1.8.4.1 Temporary Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1.8.4.2 Permanent Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 1.8.5 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17 1.9 FILE SPECIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18 1.9.1 Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20 1.9.1.1 Generic Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21 1.9.1.2 Physical Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22 1.9.1.3 File Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22 1.9.1.4 Logical Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22 1.9.1.5 Ersatz Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25 1.9.2 File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 1.9.3 Directory Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 1.9.4 Protection Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 1.9.5 File Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31 1.10 SYSTEM DEFAULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31 1.11 WILDCARD CONSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31 iii 1.12 SEARCH LISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34 1.13 LIBRARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35 1.14 DIRECTORY PATHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35 1.15 USER-DEFINABLE COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37 1.16 PROGRAMMING THE LN01 LASER PRINTER . . . . . . . 1-38 1.16.1 LN01 ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES . . . . . . 1-38 1.16.1.1 ESCape Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39 1.16.1.2 Control Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39 1.16.2 Font Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40 1.16.3 Loading Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM COMMANDS 2.1 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM COMMANDS 2.0.1 Job-Control Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.0.2 Information Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.0.3 Terminal-Control Commands . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.0.4 Terminal-Communication Commands . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.0.5 File-Handling Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.0.6 Device-Handling Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.0.7 Program-Preparation Commands . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2.0.8 Program-Control Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2.0.9 Network Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.0.10 MIC Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.1 COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 ACCOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 ALLOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 ASSIGN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 ATTACH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 BACKSPACE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22 CANCEL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 CCONTINUE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26 CLOSE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30 COMPILE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32 CONTEXT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40 CONTINUE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-43 COPY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45 CORE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-47 CPUNCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-49 CREF Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-60 CSTART Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-63 DAYTIME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66 DDT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-67 DEALLOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-71 DEASSIGN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-75 DEBUG Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-77 DECLARE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-86 iv DELETE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-89 DEPOSIT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-91 DETACH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-93 DIRECTORY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-94 DISMOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108 DSK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-114 ENABLE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-116 EOF Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-118 EXAMINE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-119 EXECUTE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-121 FILE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-128 FINISH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-134 FUDGE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-136 GET Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-138 HALT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-140 HELP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-142 INITIA Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-147 JCONTINUE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-156 KJOB Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-157 LABEL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-161 LIST Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-163 LOAD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-165 LOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-172 LOGIN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-174 MAIL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-190 MAKE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-191 MERGE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-193 MIC Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-196 MOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-199 NETWORK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-208 NODE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-216 PASSWORD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-219 PJOB Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-220 PLOT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-224 POP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-234 PRESERVE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-236 PRINT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-238 PROTECT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-250 PUNCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-252 PUSH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-253 R Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-281 REASSIGN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-283 REATTACH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-285 REENTER Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-287 RENAME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-289 RESOURCES Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-291 REWIND Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-292 RUN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-293 SAVE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-296 SCHED Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-298 SEND Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-300 SESSION Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-303 v SET BLOCKSIZE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-305 SET BREAK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-306 SET CDR Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-310 SET CPU Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-311 SET DDT BREAKPOINT Command . . . . . . . . . . 2-313 SET DEFAULT BIGBUF Command . . . . . . . . . . 2-315 SET DEFAULT BUFFERS Command . . . . . . . . . 2-316 SET DEFAULT PROTECTION Command . . . . . . . . 2-317 SET DEFER Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-320 SET DENSITY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-323 SET DSKFUL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-324 SET DSKPRI Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-325 SET FORMAT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-327 SET HOST Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-328 SET HPQ Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-331 SET PHYSICAL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-333 SET RETRY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-335 SET SPOOL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-336 SET TERMINAL or TERMINAL Command . . . . . . . 2-338 SET TIME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-339 SET TTY or TTY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-341 SET VIRTUAL LIMIT Command . . . . . . . . . . 2-351 SET WATCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-353 SHOW ALLOCATION Command . . . . . . . . . . . 2-357 SHOW QUEUES Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-361 SKIP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-363 START Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-364 SUBMIT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-366 SYSTAT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-379 TECO Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-383 TIME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-384 TPUNCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-386 TRANSLATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-398 TYPE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-399 UNLOAD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-401 USESTAT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-402 VERSION Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-404 WHERE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-408 ZERO Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-410 APPENDIX A FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF COMMANDS APPENDIX B SWITCH.INI FILES APPENDIX C COMPILE-CLASS COMMANDS C.1 INDIRECT COMMANDS (@ CONSTRUCTION) . . . . . . . . C-2 C.2 THE + CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3 C.3 THE = CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4 vi C.4 THE < > CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4 C.5 DEFAULT COMPILER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5 C.6 COMPILER SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6 C.7 LINK SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-11 APPENDIX D STANDARD SYSTEM NAMES D.1 FILE NAME EXTENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 D.2 RESERVED PROJECT-PROGRAMMER NUMBERS . . . . . . . D-7 D.3 ERSATZ DEVICE NAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9 APPENDIX E CARD CODES APPENDIX F TEMPORARY FILES APPENDIX G SIXBIT/ASCII CHARACTER CODES INDEX TABLES 1-1 Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20 1-2 Generic Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21 1-3 Protection Codes for Field 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1-29 1-4 Protection Codes for Fields 2 and 3 . . . . . . 1-30 2-1 Terminal Hardware Characteristics . . . . . . . 2-341 2-2 Fill Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-345 A-1 Functional Groups of Commands . . . . . . . . . . A-1 C-1 Processor Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7 D-1 File Name Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 D-2 Project-Programmer Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7 D-3 Ersatz Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9 E-1 ASCII Card Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1 E-2 DEC-026 Card Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4 F-1 Temporary Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1 PREFACE _______ _________ ______ ________ ______ The TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual describes the commands available to the users of the TOPS-10 Operating System. See the _______ __________ _____ TOPS-10 Operator's Guide for a description of all operator-privileged commands. Commands to TOPS-10 are presented in alphabetical order in Chapter 2 for easy reference. Reference material for assembly language programming can be found in _______ _______ _____ ______ ____________ the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual Volumes 1 and 2, the DECsystem-10 _____ _________ _________ ______ ________ _________ _________ MACRO Assembler Reference Manual, and the DEC10/20 Processor Reference ______ Manual. _______ _______ ____ ____________ Getting Started with DECsystem-10 introduces first-time users to the TOPS-10 operating system command language. You should read this _______ _________ ______ manual at least once before reading the TOPS-10 Operating System ________ ______ ____________ __ Commands Manual. You should also be familiar with Introduction to ____________ DECsystem-10. SYNOPSIS OF TOPS-10 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMANDS MANUAL Chapter 1 describes the components of the TOPS-10 operating system and how to use them. Chapter 2 lists the functional categories of commands, lists all the commands alphabetically, and describes each command in detail. Examples accompany the command descriptions. The appendixes contain additional reference material. viii CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL The following conventions are used in this manual: Convention Meaning addr Program or location address arg An argument to a command c(addr) The contents of an octal address core Refers to main (processor) memory CTRL/x A control character. Control characters are explained in Section 1.6. date A date in the form of dd-mm-yy. For example, 22-11-93 represents November 22, 1993. date-time The date and time in the standard format. (Refer to Section 1.8.3.) density The density of a magnetic tape dev: Any logical or physical device name. A colon (:) device-name must be included when a device name is part of a file specification. Refer to Section 1.9.1. [directory] A directory name. This can be either a UFD or an [dir] SFD. expression A numeric expression file.ext A file name and a file extension, separated by a period file name A name of a file file-spec A file specification written in the format: dev:file.ext[directory]. Refer to Section 1.9. fs File structure h High, referring to a job's high segment hh:mm:ss The time of day using a 24-hour clock (0 through 23), where hh is hours, mm is minutes, and ss is seconds id An identifier job A job number ix jobname The name of the job. key A keyword to a command argument. l Low, referring to a job's low segment letter An alphabetic character lh The left half of an octal word line-number Refers to the number of the line list A list of arguments logical-name A logical device name, chosen by the user log-name log memory The decimal number of memory words measured in K or P. 1K is equal to 1024 words; 1P (page) is equal to 512 words. MFD A master file directory A protection code nnnn A tape density n A decimal number, such as a unit number ^name^ A DECtape identifier nodelist A list of all the systems in a network environment PPN A project-programmer number program A program name proj,prog A project-programmer number [proj,prog] The name of a user-file directory [ppn] oo An octal number rh The right half of an octal word SFD A sub-file directory spec A specification of a file str A file structure name x /switch A command line modifier time Refers to a time of day UFD A user-file directory v Version number x A numeric or text variable xx A node number in a device name $ The symbol printed on your terminal when you press the ESCape (ALTmode) key ^x A character that is printed when you press the CONTROL key while you type a character key. For example, typing a CTRL/C prints ^C at your terminal. Indicates when you should press the DELETE (RUBOUT) key Indicates when you should press the RETURN key Indicates when you should press the ESCape (ALTmode) key | Vertical bars (|) in the left margin denote changes or additions to the TOPS-10 Operating System since the last printing of this manual All examples, commands, switches, values, and arguments are shown in uppercase. This is for the sake of distinction. Examples are shown as they would appear on a terminal that does not have lowercase ability. MANUALS REFERENCED The following manuals are referred to in the text of this manual: ____________ __ ____________ Introduction to DECsystem-10 _______ _______ ____ ____________ Getting Started with DECsystem-10 _______________ _____ _________ ______ TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Batch Reference Manual _______ ____ _________ ______ TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual _______ _______ _____ ______ TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual, Vols. 1 and 2 ____________ _____ _________ _________ ______ DECsystem-10 MACRO Assembler Reference Manual xi ________ _________ _________ ______ DEC10/20 Processor Reference Manual _______ __________ _____ TOPS-10 Operator's Guide _______ ________ ____________ _____ TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide _______ ____ ____________ _________ ______ TOPS-10 LINK Programmer's Reference Manual _______________ _______ ________ ______ TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language Manual _______________ __________ ______ TOPS-10/TOPS-20 DECmail/MS Manual _______ ___ ______ TOPS-10 DDT Manual _______ ______ ______ _____ TOPS-10 MAKLIB User's Guide ____ _______ ______ VT52 Owner's Manual ____ ____________ _________ ______ LN01 Programmer's Reference Manual xii CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TOPS-10 is the name of the Timesharing Operating System for use on DIGITAL's KL10 and KS10 systems. You communicate with the TOPS-10 operating system using the TOPS-10 command language. The TOPS-10 operating system is also called the monitor. 1.1 JOBS 1.1 JOBS TOPS-10 is a timesharing system; that is, the system transfers control rapidly among a number of jobs, so that all jobs appear to be running job simultaneously. The term job refers to the entire sequence of steps that you start from your terminal or card deck. You start a job from your terminal by using the LOGIN command, and you use the KJOB command to end your job. You can initiate a job at a central computer site or from a remote location. After you initiate a job, you can initiate a second job without terminating the first. For example, you can initiate a timesharing job and, using the SUBMIT command, submit a second job for batch processing. (The SUBMIT command is discussed in Chapter 2.) When configuring and loading TOPS-10, the system administrator sets the maximum number of jobs the system can process. 1.2 CONNECTING TO THE SYSTEM 1.2 CONNECTING TO THE SYSTEM Only authorized users have access to TOPS-10. Your system administrator provides each authorized user with a user name, a project programmer number (PPN), and a password. These identify all users and their corresponding areas on file structures. When you specify a directory area, your project-programmer number identifies you. A comma separates the project and programmer numbers, and the 1-1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION entire PPN is enclosed in square brackets. For example, [27,4072]. 1-2 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The project numbers range from 1 to 377777 (octal). The programmer numbers range from 1 to 777777 (octal). Numbers 1 through 7 are reserved for DIGITAL, and numbers 400000 through 777777 are reserved for special purposes. Your password is one to thirty-nine characters long and is used when you log in to the system and when you attach to another job. (Refer to the LOGIN and ATTACH commands, Chapter 2.) To maintain password secrecy, the monitor does not echo your password on the terminal. When you are using a terminal with local copy, a mask is printed when you type your password, making the password unreadable. 1.3 OPERATING SYSTEM MODES 1.3 OPERATING SYSTEM MODES You can run jobs on the TOPS-10 operating system in two modes: interactive mode and batch mode. 1.3.1 Interactive Mode 1.3.1 Interactive Mode Jobs that run in interactive mode use a terminal to access the system. The language you use to run a job is the command language. The commands you type on the terminal are received and processed by the command language interpreter of the TOPS-10 monitor. When your job is in interactive mode, you complete your work at two levels: monitor and user level. Section 1.4. discusses interactive levels. 1.3.2 Batch Mode 1.3.2 Batch Mode Batch jobs communicate with the system in batch mode. They are input to the system from punched cards or from the terminal. Batch jobs are handled by the batch command interpreter. For information about _______________ _____ _________ ______ TOPS-10 batch, refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Batch Reference Manual. 1.4 INTERACTIVE LEVELS 1.4 INTERACTIVE LEVELS When your terminal is in interactive mode, your job is at one of two levels, monitor level or user level. 1-3 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.4.1 Monitor Level 1.4.1 Monitor Level When your job is at monitor level, you are communicating with the monitor. The command language interpreter processes each command you type. The monitor prompts you with a period (.). Every monitor command should follow this prompt. You end a monitor command by pressing the RETURN key (). The format of each command is variable because many commands are followed by optional switches, arguments, or values. (See Section 1.8.) Section 1.6 contains descriptions of the control characters and special keys you use when typing commands. 1.4.2 User Level 1.4.2 User Level When you type the operating system command RUN, followed by a program name, your job moves from monitor level to user level. To move back to monitor level, type CTRL/C. If the program is not waiting for terminal input, it may be necessary to type CTRL/C twice. (Refer to Section 1.6.1.) Other commands also bring your job to user level. When your job is at user level, you are working with a program other than the operating system itself. Each program has its own set of commands and its own command interpreter. This manual describes some system programs. System programs usually prompt with an asterisk (*). At user level, control characters and special keys can have a different effect than they have at monitor level. Read the description of each program to determine the effects of the control characters and special keys. The following example shows a dialogue with the system in an interactive job: Example Example Monitor level: .R SETSRC User level and program response: *T DSKC:,DSKB:,FENCE 1-4 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION User level: *A DSKN: User level and program response: *T DSKC:,DSKB:,DSKN:,FENCE CTRL/C to return to monitor level: *^C Monitor prompt at monitor level: . 1.5 CONTEXTS 1.5 CONTEXTS core image A core image is what a job's portion of memory contains at any given time. The core image, as well as information about the monitor's context state with respect to your job, constitute a context. When you initialize a program, your context usually changes. For instance, running the DIRECT program creates a core image with the DIRECT program in it. Exiting DIRECT and then running SYSTAT, for example, destroys what you had in memory (the DIRECT program) and loads data pertinent to SYSTAT. Three commands allow you to display information about contexts, and manipulate them in various ways. These commands are CONTEXT, PUSH, and POP. CONTEXT and PUSH create additional contexts. POP returns you to a superior context. When you work with multiple contexts, at least one context is preserved while you work with the current context. You can work with multiple contexts by creating parallel contexts, or creating inferior contexts. The default maximum number of contexts, including current, parallel, and inferior, is four. The number of contexts in use at any moment is shown by the CONTEXT command. You can also use the CONTEXT command to create parallel contexts. You might create a parallel context, run a frequently accessed program in it, and then exit, returning to your previous context. Both contexts now exist simultaneously. When you need to use the program in the created context, simply switch to that context. You will not have to wait for it to reinitialize. The full description of the CONTEXT command in Chapter 2 gives an example of this procedure, including how to create and access a parallel context. 1-5 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The PUSH command allows you to create an inferior context. When you return to your previous task in a superior context, the inferior context is deleted. You return to the superior context using the POP command. An inferior context could be used in the following situation: If you were in the process of completing a task, and needed to see some HELP text, you could create an inferior context, read the HELP text you needed, destroy the inferior context and return to the unchanged superior context. The system automatically creates a new context for certain commands. The system manager can set the system to create a new context when any monitor command is issued. 1.6 SPECIAL CHARACTERS 1.6 SPECIAL CHARACTERS The command language interpreter recognizes several special characters that cause specific functions to be performed. These special characters are described in the following sections. 1.6.1 CTRL/C - Interrupt 1.6.1 CTRL/C - Interrupt When you type a CTRL/C (control-C), the monitor interrupts your current running program and returns your terminal to monitor mode. You must type two CTRL/Cs if your program is not requesting input from your terminal (that is, if your program is executing). If you issue a CTRL/C while typing a command in monitor mode, this character causes the input line to be deleted. If you issue two CTRL/Cs while output is being printed on your terminal, the output is ended. Example Example This example shows a program prompt. CTRL/C brings your job to monitor level. *^C . 1.6.2 DELETE Key 1.6.2 DELETE Key When you press the DELETE (RUBOUT) key, the monitor deletes the last character you typed. This function permits you to correct typing errors. When you press the DELETE key n times, the monitor deletes the last n characters that you typed. On hard-copy terminals the monitor echoes all deleted characters on your terminal and encloses the deleted characters in backslashes (\). 1-6 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION On video terminals the deleted characters that you typed are removed from the screen. However, you must inform the monitor of the kind of terminal you are using. (Refer to the SET TTY command in Chapter 2.) After you press RETURN or ESCape, you cannot use the DELETE function on that line. Example Example Type the characters SET TTY TYPE L036, press the DELETE key 3 times, then type the correct characters. .SET TTY TYPE L036\630\A36 . 1.6.3 CTRL/W - Delete Word 1.6.3 CTRL/W - Delete Word When you type CTRL/W (control-W), the monitor deletes the last word you typed. A word is defined as all spaces, tabs, and alphanumeric characters until a nonalphanumeric character is encountered. On video terminals, the deleted word is erased from the screen. On hard-copy terminals, the deleted word is printed backwards between backslashes. Example Example Type the characters SET TTY TYPE L036, type CTRL/W, and type the correct characters. .SET TTY TYPE L036\630L\LA36 . 1.6.4 CTRL/U - Delete Line 1.6.4 CTRL/U - Delete Line When you type CTRL/U (control-U), the monitor deletes your current input line, back to the last time you pressed RETURN. On hard-copy terminals, the monitor responds with a carriage-return/line-feed, after which you can retype the line. On video terminals, the entire line that you typed is removed from the screen. After you have pressed RETURN, you can no longer use the line-editing features (for example, CTRL/U and DELETE) on that line. 1-7 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Example Example Type CTRL/U. .SETTTY ^U Type the correct characters. SET TTY LA36 . 1.6.5 CTRL/R - Reprint Line 1.6.5 CTRL/R - Reprint Line When you type CTRL/R (control-R), the monitor reprints the current input line. If you type a line incorrectly, then make corrections using the DELETE key, the monitor will print the corrected line when you type CTRL/R. The following is an example of this operation using a hard-copy terminal: Example Example If you type: SET TTQY N0O FILEL The line appears as: .SET TTQ\Q\Y N0\0\O FILE\E\L If you then press CTRL/R: .SET TTQ\Q\Y N0\0\O FILE\E\L ^R The monitor prints: SET TTY NO FILL When you type CTRL/R, the monitor issues a carriage-return/line-feed before printing the corrected input line. The cursor or printing head of your terminal is left at its previous location. If a program such as your text editor uses CTRL/R for another purpose, you can disable the CTRL/R function using the SET TTY RTCOMP command. (See Chapter 2 for a complete description of this command.) 1-8 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.6.6 CTRL/O - Cancel Output 1.6.6 CTRL/O - Cancel Output When you type CTRL/O (control-O), the monitor cancels output to your terminal. This function is useful when a program begins to print a long message that you are not interested in reading. If you do not want to wait for the monitor to finish printing the message, you can stop the monitor from printing the message one of two ways. First, you can type two CTRL/Cs, but this action also stops the execution of the program. Second, you can type a single CTRL/O. When you type CTRL/O, the monitor continues executing your program, but does not print any output on your terminal. The monitor begins printing to your terminal when one of the following conditions occurs: o The executing program requests input from your terminal. o The program ends and returns control to the monitor. o You type CTRL/C twice, which returns control to the monitor. To start the output to your terminal again, type another CTRL/O. 1.6.7 CTRL/S - Hold Output 1.6.7 CTRL/S - Hold Output When you type CTRL/S (control-S), the monitor holds output to your terminal. This control character works only after you have typed the SET TTY PAGE command. (See Chapter 2.) This control character is useful if you have a display terminal, and you have to stop the output to read it. To read the rest of the output, type CTRL/Q. 1.6.8 CTRL/Q - Resume Output 1.6.8 CTRL/Q - Resume Output When you type CTRL/Q (control-Q), the monitor resumes output to your terminal. CTRL/S and CTRL/Q are useful when you are using a display terminal. Used in conjunction with CTRL/S, you can stop and continue output to your terminal, thus reading a file before it scrolls off your display screen. 1-9 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.6.9 CTRL/T - Job Status 1.6.9 CTRL/T - Job Status When you type CTRL/T (control-T), the monitor prints status information pertaining to your job on your terminal. CTRL/T does not echo on your terminal. There are 11 items of information output to your terminal. These items are: 1. The incremental daytime (which is the time since you last issued a CTRL/T or a USESTAT command) or the time since you logged in if you have not issued a CTRL/T or a USESTAT command. (For example, Day: :05:43.) 2. The incremental runtime, which is the CPU time used since you issued a CTRL/T, USESTAT command, LOGIN command, or TIME command. (For example, Run:0.48.) 3. The incremental disk reads, which is the number of disk blocks read since you issued a CTRL/T, USESTAT command, LOGIN command, or DSK command. (For example, Rd:75.) 4. Incremental disk writes, which is the number of disk blocks written since you issued a CTRL/T, USESTAT, LOGIN, or DSK command. (For example, Wr:8.) 5. The program name. (For example, SOS.) 6. The memory size. (For example, 12+19P.) 7. The current context number (for example, Ctx:1.) 8. The job state. The job state codes are described in the SYSTAT command description in Chapter 2. (For example, ^C.) An ampersand after the job state code indicates the job is locked in core. An asterisk indicates the job is being run or swapped. 9. The program counter, which is the address of the current instruction. (For example, PC:400275.) | | 10. The CPU that the job last ran on. (For example, CPU0.) 11. The job state, which can be INPUT WAIT or OUTPUT WAIT. This item is printed only when you type CTRL/T from user level. (For example, OUTPUT WAIT FOR TTY21.) This information can be obtained with the USESTAT command at monitor level. However, by typing CTRL/T, you can determine your job's progress without interrupting its execution. When you type CTRL/T, the character is not passed to your job as an input character. However, some programs activate a special interrupt feature when you _______ _______ _____ ______ type CTRL/T. (See the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.) 1-10 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION If a system program, such as your text editor uses CTRL/T for another purpose, you can disable the CTRL/T function using the SET TTY RTCOMP command. (See Chapter 2 for a complete description of this command.) Example Example | | Day: :05:43 Run:8.51 Rd:48 Wr:37 DIRECT | 15+33P Ctx:1 ^C PC:400275 CPU0 1.7 TYPE-AHEAD CAPABILITY 1.7 TYPE-AHEAD CAPABILITY Type-ahead allows you to type another command without waiting for the monitor to respond to your first command. If you want two operations performed, you can begin typing the request for the second operation before you receive the prompt that the monitor prints after completing the first operation. If an error occurs during the first operation, the characters you typed ahead are ignored. 1.8 COMMAND FORMATS 1.8 COMMAND FORMATS The general format of each command is a line of ASCII uppercase or lowercase characters or a mixture of uppercase and lowercase characters. You type the commands after the monitor prints the TOPS-10 prompt (.). The following are examples of valid TOPS-10 commands: .DIRECT .direct .dirECT If you type spaces or tabs before a command name, the system ignores them. For example, the following commands produce the same result: .DIRECT . DIRECT The commands you type to the command language interpreter are one to six characters long. If you type any character past the sixth character, the monitor ignores it. You need only type enough characters to uniquely identify the command. It is sometimes possible to abbreviate a command by typing characters fewer than would make the command unique. This is not encouraged, however, because uniqueness of a command may vary from monitor release to monitor release. For this reason, you should use the whole command in a batch control file. 1-11 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.8.1 Command Termination 1.8.1 Command Termination You terminate every command to the command language interpreter by pressing the RETURN key. For example: .DIRECT 1.8.2 Line Continuation 1.8.2 Line Continuation You can continue a command line to some system programs, such as DIRECT and QUEUE, by placing a hyphen (-) as the last nonblank, noncomment character before you press the RETURN key. These programs treat continuation lines as part of the current command line. This feature allows you to type indefinitely long command lines. A line is terminated by a that is not preceded by a hyphen. 1.8.3 Command Arguments 1.8.3 Command Arguments You specify arguments to a command after the command name and separate them from the command name by a space. If the command language interpreter recognizes a command name, but cannot find a necessary argument, the monitor responds with the error message: ?TOO FEW ARGUMENTS Example Example The ASSIGN command requires arguments. .ASSIGN System error message: ?TOO FEW ARGUMENTS TOPS-10 prompt: . After the monitor prints the error message, your terminal is left in monitor mode, as indicated by the monitor prompt. You can then retype the command. 1-12 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.8.3.1 Relative Date-Time Arguments 1.8.3.1 Relative Date-Time Arguments - Certain commands require arguments that specify a date or time. Date and time arguments can be either relative or absolute. A relative argument specifies a certain length of time from the current date or time. The format of a relative argument is: +number-of-daysD:hours:minutes:seconds Where: number-of-days number-of-days is optional. D D is required if you specify number of days. hours hours is optional if you specify number of days with the letter D. Otherwise, hours is required. minutes minutes is optional. seconds seconds is optional. However, if you specify seconds, minutes must also be given or seconds will be interpreted as minutes. You must type a colon to separate one field from the other. You can precede a relative argument with an optional plus (+) or minus (-) sign. The sign implies either past (-) or future (+). When you do not specify number of days, you must precede the time with a plus sign or a minus sign. For example: -3D:4:27:21 means 3 days, 4 hours, 27 minutes, and 21 seconds ago. Similarly: +4 means 4 hours from now. 1.8.3.2 Absolute Date-Time Arguments 1.8.3.2 Absolute Date-Time Arguments - An absolute argument specifies a particular date or time. The format of an absolute argument is one of the following: o weekday:hours:minutes:seconds o date:hours:minutes:seconds o keyword:hours:minutes:seconds 1-13 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION weekday Where: weekday is the day of the week or one of the following: YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW. This part of the argument is optional. The weekdays are abbreviated as follows: SUNDAY = SUN MONDAY = MON TUESDAY = TUES WEDNESDAY = WED THURSDAY = THUR FRIDAY = FRI SATURDAY = SAT date date is optional and has one of the following formats: day-month-year (21-OCT-79) month-day-year (OCT-21-79) numeric month-day-year (10-21-79) The month can be abbreviated. The abbreviations for the months are JA, F, MAR, AP, MAY, JUN, JUL, AU, S, O, N, and D. The year and its preceding hyphen are optional, and, if given, can be one, two, or four digits. For example, 0, 90, and 1990 will all be interpreted as the year 1990. keyword keyword is one of the following options: LOGIN (time of login) NOON MIDNIGHT hours hours is based on a 24-hour clock (0 through 23) and is required if you omitted the weekday, date, or keyword, or if you specify minutes. minutes minutes is optional unless you specify seconds. seconds seconds is optional. 1-14 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The following example specifies Wednesday at 9:15:06 AM. Example Example WED:09:15:06 Because the date is known to be past or future from either the switch used (/BEFORE and /SINCE imply past, /AFTER implies the future) or by a plus or minus sign, an unspecified field is filled in so that the result is the next or last occurrence of the specified date. If you omit the time argument, the time defaults to 00:00:00 (midnight) if past, and 23:59:59 (11 o'clock, 59 minutes, and 59 second PM) if future. Examples Examples /AFTER:SAT is after 23:59:59 next Saturday /BEFORE:25-FEB is before last February 25th /SINCE:JUL-3-85 is since July 3, 1985 at midnight 1-15 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.8.4 Command Switches 1.8.4 Command Switches You can modify some commands by including a switch in the command line. You precede each switch with a slash (/) and terminate it with a nonalphanumeric character, usually , a comma, or another switch. You can abbreviate the switch if its name remains unique. Abbreviation is not recommended for batch control files. Valid switches for each command are documented as part of the command descriptions in Chapter 2. The following is an example of a command, command argument, and command switch: Example Example .PRINT MYFILE.EXT/COPIES:2 1.8.4.1 Temporary Switches 1.8.4.1 Temporary Switches - The switches for COMPILE-class commands are either temporary (local) or permanent (global). COMPILE-class commands are further described in Appendix C. A temporary switch applies only to the immediately preceding file. Do not place a space or comma between the file name and the switch. In the command construction: .COMPILE PROG,TEST/MACRO,SUBLET the /MACRO switch applies only to the file named TEST. 1.8.4.2 Permanent Switches 1.8.4.2 Permanent Switches - A permanent switch, sometimes called a sticky switch, applies to all files following it on the command line, until you modify it by a subsequent switch. You separate the switch from the file name by spaces, commas, or a combination of both. For example, using the /MACRO switch: Examples Examples Temporary switch that affects PROG: .COMPILE PROG/MACRO TEST,SUBLET Temporary switch that affects PROG: .COMPILE PROG/MACRO,TEST,SUBLET Permanent switch that affects TEST and SUBLET: .COMPILE PROG,/MACRO,TEST,SUBLET Permanent switch that affects TEST and SUBLET: 1-16 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION .COMPILE PROG,/MACRO TEST,SUBLET The COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, and DEBUG command descriptions in Chapter 2 list the switches for these commands. 1.8.5 Comments 1.8.5 Comments You can type a comment on the same line as a command by preceding the comment with a semicolon (;) or exclamation point (!). The monitor and the batch command language interpreters do not attempt to interpret the characters after the semicolon. Comment lines are useful when you are using a hard-copy terminal, or making control files for batch jobs. The following is an example of a line that contains both a command and a comment: .DIRECT ;will list names of files in default area 1-17 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.9 FILE SPECIFICATION 1.9 FILE SPECIFICATION The system stores programs and data as named files. When they are stored on DECtape or disk, files are identified by a file specification. The file specification includes the following identifications: 1. A device name or file structure name 2. A file name 3. A file name extension 4. An ordered list of directory names 5. An access protection code The file specification is necessary to identify a disk file. If you issue a file specification for devices other than DECtape or disk, the monitor ignores them. File specifications are used to choose a file from a directory, a set of files belonging to a specific user. DECtapes and disks are the only directory-oriented devices. Items 4 and 5 in the above list do not apply to DECtapes. device name The device name can be any valid device name described in the Section 1.9.1. Always type a colon following the device name. An example of a device name is DSKC:. file name A file name is one to six alphanumeric characters. The monitor ignores all characters past the sixth. File names are discussed in Section 1.9.2. An example of a device name and a file name is DSKC:MYFILE. file name extension The file name extension is a period (.) followed by zero to three characters. It is used to indicate the type of information in the file. (Refer to Appendix D for a list of standard file name extensions.) For the most efficient use of system resources, use only standard file name extensions, though other extensions can be valid. Most programs recognize file names and extensions consisting only of letters and digits. Often the term file name refers to both the file name and the file extension. An example of a device name, file name, and file extension is DSKC:MYFILE.TXT. directory name The directory name identifies the disk area where the file is stored. This list can be a user file directory (UFD) represented by the owner's project-programmer number, or a user file directory followed by one or more sub-file directories (SFDs). You must enclose a directory name in square brackets ([]). Directory names are discussed in Section 1.9.3. An example of a device name, file name, file extension and directory name is DSKC:MYFILE.TXT[21,589]. 1-18 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION access protection code The access protection code of a file is a 3-digit octal code designating the users who can read or write the file. The code must be enclosed in angle brackets (< >), and you specify it only for output files. For a given file, users are divided into three groups: owner of the file, users with the same project number as the owner, and all other users. The standard protection code is <057>, allowing users in the owner's project to read and execute the file, and preventing access by all other users. The standard protection code may be different at your installation. Protection codes are described in Section 1.9.4. An example of a full file specification is DSKC:MYFILE.TXT[21,589]<055>. The following information is necessary when you refer to a file: o The file name. o The device name, if the file is not on disk and not in your default search list. o The directory name, if the file is not in your directory. The following information is optional in a file specification: o The file name extension. o The device name, if the file is on a file structure in your search list. o The directory name, if the file is in your directory. o The protection code (if an output file). Examples Examples File name and file name extension: TEXT.MAC Physical device name and file name: DTA3:FILEA Generic device name, file name, file name extension and directory name: DSK:PROG2.CBL[10,16] A complete file specification: device name, file name, file name extension, directory name, and protection code: DSKA:MAIN.F4[27,235]<057> 1-19 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.9.1 Device Names 1.9.1 Device Names TOPS-10 supports a number of peripheral input/output devices to handle data acquisition, storage, retrieval, and display. These devices are: Card Punch Card Reader DECtape Disk Display Terminal Graphics Display Hard-copy Terminal Line Printer Magnetic Tape Paper Tape Punch Paper Tape Reader Plotter The monitor allocates a device to your job when you request access to the device. (Refer to the ASSIGN and MOUNT commands in Chapter 2.) Until you request a device, it resides in the system pool of available resources. To reference a device, you must specify a device name. In the command descriptions in this manual, places where you must supply a device name have the symbol dev: in the command line format. The types of device names are listed in Table 1.1 and are described in Sections 1.9.1.1 through 1.9.1.5. Table 1-1: Device Names Table 1-1: Device Names ______________________________________________________________________ Type of Name Meaning Type of Name Meaning ______________________________________________________________________ generic These specify a generic type of device such as a disk (DSK:) or a magnetic tape (MTA:). physical These specify a particular physical unit on a specific controller such as MTA1:, magnetic-tape unit number 1. logical These are substitute names for devices. You assign these names with the ASSIGN command. ersatz These are names for ersatz (pseudo-disk) devices normally used to contain libraries or special directories. system defined These are names defined by the system. logical Each name corresponds to a physical unit so long as the unit is declared to be the system default for that unit. ______________________________________________________________________ 1-20 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.9.1.1 Generic Device Names 1.9.1.1 Generic Device Names - The most general type of device name is the generic device name. When you specify a generic name, the monitor selects a free unit of the device type specified. When your computer is in a network environment, the monitor chooses the device from those devices at your location, or, if none are available, the monitor chooses the device from the host (central) site. A generic name can be two or three letters long and is followed by a colon (:). The generic names are listed in Table 1-2. Two-character generic names are less specific than three-character generic names. For example, MT: means any magnetic tape unit, but MTA: means any magnetic tape unit on controller A. When you specify the generic name DSK: or DS:, the monitor uses your job search list to determine which disk device should be selected for you. (Refer to Section 1.12.) Table 1-2: Generic Device Names Table 1-2: Generic Device Names ______________________________________________________________________ 3-Letter 2-Letter 3-Letter 2-Letter Device Device Name Device Name Device Device Name Device Name ______________________________________________________________________ Card punch CDP: CP: Card reader CDR: CR: Console terminal CTY: --- DECtape DTx: DT: Disk DSK: DS: Packs DPx: DP: RPx: RP: Fixed head FHx: FH: FSx: FS: Display DIS: --- Line printer LPT: LP: lowercase/uppercase --- LL: uppercase --- LU: Magnetic tape MTx: --- 7-track --- M7: 9-track --- M9: Operator terminal OPR: --- Paper-tape punch PTP: PP: Paper-tape reader PTR: PR: Plotter PLT: --- Pseudo-terminal PTY: --- System library SYS: SY: Terminal TTY: TT: ______________________________________________________________________ 1-21 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION When you specify a generic name, the monitor selects the lowest-numbered available unit of the device type specified. There are two defaults when you specify a generic name: 1. When your program specifies DSK or DS, the system uses your job search list. 2. When you specify TTY: or TT:, the monitor always selects your terminal (assuming that these are not logical names). 1.9.1.2 Physical Device Names 1.9.1.2 Physical Device Names - Every I/O device has a physical name. This name consists of the generic name, a letter indicating the controller, and one numeric character indicating the unit number. For example, the generic name MTA: indicates any magnetic tape unit on controller A. However, MTA1: indicates magnetic tape unit 1 on controller A. 1.9.1.3 File Structures 1.9.1.3 File Structures - The TOPS-10 operating system organizes disk devices into file structures. File structures are logical arrangements of 128-word blocks on one or more disk units. A file structure can exist on one disk unit, or it can be distributed over several disk units designated by a single name. However, two file structures cannot exist on the same unit. The operator or system administrator assigns a name to every file structure when he or she defines the system's file structures. This name is one to four characters long, and cannot duplicate a physical device name, a unit name, or an existing file structure name. The recommended names for public file structures are DSKA:, DSKB:,...,DSKO: in order of decreasing speed. _______ File structures are illustrated and explained in detail in the TOPS-10 _______ _____ ______ Monitor Calls Manual Vol. 1. 1.9.1.4 Logical Device Names 1.9.1.4 Logical Device Names - You can assign a logical name to a physical device. The monitor will recognize the name that you assign, and associate the logical name with the physical device. You can assign a logical name to a device using the ASSIGN command. The logical name that you assign may be up to six alphanumeric characters and may optionally be ended by a colon (:). Thereafter, the monitor will use the device that you associated with the logical name, when you or your programs specify that logical name. Logical names are cleared by the DEASSIGN command. That is, use the DEASSIGN command to disassociate logical names from devices. Logical names are also cleared when you log off the system, and when you specify another logical name for the same device. 1-22 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Logical names are useful when you are writing a program that needs a device, but you will not know until program execution what device you will need. Use a logical name in the program to represent the device. Before you run the program use the ASSIGN command to associate the logical name with a physical device. Logical names take precedence over physical names. Therefore, if you assign the logical name DSK: to the device MTA3: (magnetic tape unit 3 on controller A), all output to generic DSK will go to the magnetic tape. Some names are recognized by the monitor as special system-defined logical names that the monitor translates into physical device names. One example is the generic device name OPR:. The generic name OPR: is the system-default logical name for the operator's terminal. Therefore, the terminal specified as OPR: can change during system operation; but if you send a message to OPR:, the message will be routed to the last physical device declared to be the operator's terminal at your node. restricted All devices except terminals can be designated as being restricted devices devices. You request a restricted device from the system pool of available resources by issuing the MOUNT command. This command requires operator intervention before the specified device is assigned to your job. The system deassigns a restricted device from your job when you log off the system or issue the DISMOUNT, DEASSIGN, or FINISH command. Unrestricted devices are assigned to your job on a first-come, first-served basis when you issue the MOUNT or ASSIGN command. The device assignment remains in effect until you release the device by issuing a DEASSIGN command or a FINISH command, or you log off the system. physical logical The following example illustrates the use of both physical and logical device names device names. 1-23 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Example Example You request a DECtape drive with the logical name ABC: .ASSIGN DTA: ABC: The monitor gives you unrestricted device DTA0: (DECtape number 0 on controller A). You then mount a DECtape on drive DTA0: DTA0 ASSIGNED You request any paper-tape punch and request that the logical name ABC: be assigned to it. .ASSIGN PTP: ABC: The monitor prints a warning message, telling you that the logical name was previously assigned to another device. The monitor changes the logical-name assignment, so that the logical name ABC: now refers to the paper-tape punch. %LOGICAL NAME WAS IN USE, PTP0 ASSIGNED You run the system program PIP. .R PIP You issue a command string to PIP asking that file FILEA.EXT be transferred from device DTA0: to logical device ABC: (physical device PTP0:). *ABC:=DTA0:FILEA.EXT You type a CTRL/C, returning your job to monitor mode. *^C You request another DECtape drive and request that logical name DEF: be assigned to it. .ASSIGN DTA: DEF: The monitor prints a message telling you that all DECtape drives are in use by the specified jobs. The monitor does not assign a DECtape drive or a logical name to your job. ?ALREADY ASSIGNED TO JOB 13 1-24 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION You request that DECtape unit 0 (which you already have assigned to you) be assigned the logical name DEF: .ASSIGN DTA0: DEF: DECtape unit 0 takes on the logical name DEF:. DTA0 ASSIGNED You deassign the paper-tape punch, clearing the logical name ABC:. .DEASSIGN PTP: You run the system program PIP. .R PIP You request that the file FILEB is to be transferred from device DEF: to device ABC: *ABC:=DEF:FILEB TOPS-10 prints an error message indicating that the logical device name ABC: is no longer assigned. ?DEVICE ABC DOES NOT EXIST You type a CTRL/C, returning your job to monitor mode. *^C You request drive DTA0: (DECtape drive 0) again and request that the logical DEF: be changed to XYZ: .ASSIGN DTA0: XYZ: The system disassociates the logical name DEF: from DTA0:. DECtape unit 0 takes on the logical name XYZ:. DTA0 ASSIGNED 1.9.1.5 Ersatz Device Names 1.9.1.5 Ersatz Device Names - An ersatz device is a disk-simulated library. Although you specify an ersatz device like a file structure, an ersatz device represents a particular project-programmer number on a disk structure. Ersatz device names are three characters long. Appendix D contains a complete list of the ersatz device names used by TOPS-10. 1-25 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.9.2 File Names 1.9.2 File Names Data and programs are stored in the system files. Files are used to arrange and protect data and programs. The essential part of a file specification is the file name. You name a file when you create, rename, or copy it. The file name that you choose must be one to six alphanumeric characters long. It is possible to use non-alphanumeric characters, but some symbols have a special meaning to the system (see Section 1.10), and some programs may not recognize non-alphanumeric characters. The file name is divided into the name of the file and the file extension. The format is: FILE.EXT Where FILE is the name you choose to distinguish the file, and .EXT is a standard or non-standard file extension. The period (.) is used to separate the file name from the file extension. It is recommended that you use standard file extensions where applicable. The standard file name extensions are listed in Appendix D. File extensions are optional. You can name or specify a file without an extension. File names and extensions can be changed using the RENAME command. 1.9.3 Directory Names 1.9.3 Directory Names Your directory is a file that serves as an index to your other files. There are directories on three levels of file storage: The directories in a file structure are indexed by the Master File Directory (MFD) of that structure. The files in your directory area are indexed by your User-File Directory (UFD). Your UFD is designated by your project-programmer number enclosed in brackets. The following is a valid directory name: [30,112] A Sub-File Directory (SFD), is a directory you can create to arrange the files in your UFD. A file in your UFD points to the SFD. This file has the same name as the SFD, with an extension of .SFD. SFDs are discussed in Section 1.14. 1-26 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The directory name is an optional part of a file specification. 1-27 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.9.4 Protection Codes 1.9.4 Protection Codes Every file has a protection code. The code tells who can and cannot access the file. The protection code consists of three octal digits. Each digit specifies the amount of protection against a group of users. The first (leftmost) digit is the protection code for the owner of the file; the middle digit is the protection code for all users having the same project number as the file owner; the last (rightmost) digit is the protection code for all other users. For example: <0 5 7> | | | | | | | | Protection code for all other users. | | | | | Protection code for all members of file owner's | project. | | Protection code for the file owner. Ordinarily, the owner of a file is the user whose programmer number matches the User File Directory (UFD) containing the file, regardless of the project number. That is, a user logged in under the [27,4072] project-programmer number is assumed to be the owner of files in the User File Directory [44,4072]. This feature can be set by the installation; therefore it may not be set at your own installation. The access protection codes for the Owner Field (Field 1) are listed in Table 1-3; the access protection codes for Fields 2 and 3 are listed in Table 1-4. 1-28 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Table 1-3: Protection Codes for Field 1 Table 1-3: Protection Codes for Field 1 ______________________________________________________________________ Owner Protection Codes Owner Protection Codes Code Accessibility by Owner Code Accessibility by Owner ______________________________________________________________________ 7*, 6* You can execute, read, or change the protection code of the file. 5* You have unlimited access to the file, except for renaming it. 4* You have unlimited access to the file. 3 You can execute, read, or change the protection code of the file. 2 You have unlimited access to the file, except for renaming it. 1, 0 You have unlimited access. ______________________________________________________________________ * The File Daemon is called on a protection failure on this file 1-29 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Table 1-4: Protection Codes for Fields 2 and 3 Table 1-4: Protection Codes for Fields 2 and 3 ______________________________________________________________________ Project-members and Other User Protections Project-members and Other User Protections Code Access Privileges Code Access Privileges ______________________________________________________________________ 7 The user cannot access the file. 6 The user can only execute the file. 5 The user can execute or read the file. 4 The user can execute, read, or append to the file. 3 The user can execute, read, append to, or update the file. 2 The user can execute, read, append to, update, and write to the file. 1 The user can execute, read, append to, update, write to, and rename the file. 0 Unlimited access, including changing the protection code of the file. ______________________________________________________________________ When you create a file, and you do not specify a protection code to be associated with the file, the system uses one of the following default protection codes: o The default protection code that is defined in your SWITCH.INI file on the LOGIN line, using the /DEFPROT switch. o The default protection code you previously specified with the SET DEFAULT PROTECTION command. o The standard TOPS-10 default protection code that is defined by your installation (usually <055> or <057>). 1-30 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.9.5 File Daemon 1.9.5 File Daemon The File Daemon, a system program, may determine the protection status of files with a file protection code of 4, 5, 6, or 7 in the owner's protection field. (Protection codes are discussed in Section 1.9.4.) When you set such a protection, a protection violation causes the File Daemon to access a file named ACCESS.USR. The file ACCESS.USR is a list of the protected files and the users who may access them. If you have no such file, or if the File Daemon is not running, the user who attempted to access the file receives an error message, and cannot access the file. The File Daemon and the file ACCESS.USR are described in the FILDAE Specification in the TOPS-10 Notebook Set. 1.10 SYSTEM DEFAULTS 1.10 SYSTEM DEFAULTS The operating system contains defaults for many arguments, switches and parts of file specifications. Defaults are the values or instructions that the system uses if you do not specify those values or instructions in the command string. Some system defaults are set by the system administrator when he generates the monitor. Other defaults are set according to your project-programmer number when you log in. There are commands that allow you to set some defaults, which will be effective until you change those defaults or log off the system. File specification defaults are determined by the system according to the program you are running, the search list, and the directory path of your job. Search lists and directory paths are discussed in Sections 1.12 and 1.14. 1.11 WILDCARD CONSTRUCTIONS 1.11 WILDCARD CONSTRUCTIONS You can use wildcard constructions with many command strings. A wildcard is an asterisk used to specify a part of a file specification, or a question mark used to replace a character in a file specification field. You use the asterisk (*) as a wildcard to designate an entire part of a specification. 1-31 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Examples Examples All files with this file name and any extension: file-name.* All files with this extension and any file name: *.ext All files: *.* All files in directories with this project number and any programmer number: *.*[project,*] You can use the question mark as a wildcard to designate a character of a file specification. You type a question mark for each character that is to be matched. For example, PR?? matches four characters or less, of which the first two are PR. Examples Examples All files with this file name and any extension beginning with M: file-name.M?? All files with this extension and any file name up to five characters, beginning with TES: TES??.ext All files with file names of two characters or less and a file name extension of three characters or less: ??.??? All files in directories with the project number 25 and a programmer number 500 through 577: *.*,[25,5??] You can specify the asterisk and the question mark in the same command construction: All files with file names of two characters or less: ??.* 1-32 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The DIRECTORY and QUEUE programs recognize a number sign (#) in the file specification to indicate that SIXBIT octal code follows. For example, .DIR #640000000000. gives the same directory listing as .DIR T. because 120000000000 is the 36-bit left-justified SIXBIT code for the character "T". This function is useful for file names which contain special characters. Although the SIXBIT code for an asterisk is 120000000000, the command line .DIR #120000000000. would not give the same directory listing as .DIR *. because the first command would list only a file literally named *. The second command would interpret the * as a wildcard and would list all files without extensions. You cannot mix SIXBIT code and regular characters within the file name or within the file extension. However, you can combine a SIXBIT file name with a regular file extension and vice versa. Appendix G contains a chart of SIXBIT and ASCII character codes. You can specify a directory name with the project number, the programmer number, or both numbers missing from the specification. The following examples represent directory specifications. [15,23] The User-File Directory [15,23] [,30] The UFD that has your project number and the specified programmer number (30) [36,] The UFD that has the specified project number (36) and your programmer number [,] Your UFD [-] Your default directory, which can be different from your UFD. (See the SETSRC _______ ____ Program description in the TOPS-10 User _________ ______ Utilities Manual.) [,,SUB1,SUB2] The sub-file directory SUB2 under the sub-file directory SUB1 in your UFD 1-33 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.12 SEARCH LISTS 1.12 SEARCH LISTS A search list is a list of file structures listed in the order that the operating system will search through them for a file. There are two types: the system search list and a job search list. The system search list, designated by the ersatz device name SSL:, contains all files pertinent to the daily operation of the system. It is the same for every job on the system. Only the system administrator can define and change this list. However, you may display the system search list using the SETSRC program. Some of the types of files kept in the system search list file structures include: accounting files, help and documentation files, compilers, and system programs. The job search list, designated by the ersatz device name DSK:, lists structures that contain user files for an individual job. The system administrator creates the default job search list for each new user account. You can display, add, remove, and rearrange the file structures in your job search list using the SETSRC program. (Refer _______ ____ _________ ______ to the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual for more information about SETSRC.) The MOUNT and DISMOUNT commands also modify your job search list. (MOUNT and DISMOUNT are described in Chapter 2.) For example, in the following command line .MAKE TEST.LIS the system uses the system search list to find the program (TECO) invoked by the MAKE command. The system uses your job search list to find your user file TEST.LIS. The format of the job search list is: fs/switch,fs/switch,...FENCE,fs/switch... fs Where: fs is the file structure name, FENCE FENCE is a logical delimiter to separate the active search list from the passive structures. /switch /switch indicates how the file can be accessed (read only, for example). The job search list has two parts, the active search list and the passive search list. The active search list is the list of file structures on the left side of the fence. The system searches each of these file structures from left to right. 1-34 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The passive search list is to the right of the fence. It is composed of the file structures that you removed from the active search list using the SETSRC program. Therefore, when you first log in, you have no structures in your passive search list. The file structures in the passive search list are not searched by the the monitor, but are used to compute disk usage when you log off the system. 1.13 LIBRARIES 1.13 LIBRARIES The system libraries contain compilers, system programs and other important files. Wherever a device can be specified, an ersatz device may be specified instead. An ersatz device is a monitor-defined logical name for a directory specification. There are several special ersatz devices defined for some libraries. There are three separate PPNs, [1,3], [1,4], and [1,5], where system library files can be stored. The standard version of a file or program is usually found on SSL:[1,4]. The newest version of a file, sometimes in an experimental or untested state, can sometimes be found in the [1,5] system library. NEW: is a special ersatz device. When the operating system looks for a file on NEW: it will first look on SSL:[1,5]. If the file is not found there, however, it will next look on SSL:[1,4] for the same file. Likewise, an outdated version of a file might be found on OLD:, which searches SSL:[1,3] before SSL:[1,4]. The current system library for the job is called SYS:. By default SYS: is SSL:[1,4] or the standard system library. You may, however, change the default definition of SYS: by specifying the /NEW switch to LOGIN or to the SETSRC program. This changes the definition of SYS: to be NEW:. In other words, the system looks on SSL:[1,5] before looking on SSL:[1,4]. When you use the R command, the program comes from SYS:. LIB: is the job's library directory. If you define LIB:, any file the system cannot find on DSK: will be searched for in the user-file directory (UFD) defined in LIB:. LIB: may be set by the SETSRC program. 1.14 DIRECTORY PATHS 1.14 DIRECTORY PATHS A directory path is an ordered list of directory names, starting with a user-file directory, that uniquely identifies a directory. Directory names are discussed in Section 1.9.3. The default directory path for your job can be any directory: your job's user-file directory (UFD), a sub-file directory (SFD) in your job's UFD, a UFD different from your job's UFD, or an SFD in a different UFD. 1-35 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION You can change your default directory path using the SETSRC program. _______ ____ _________ ______ See the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual for more information about SETSRC. Sub-file directories allow you to organize your files, and to access them in sets. Any directory acts as an index to a set of files. An SFD is pointed to by a file in the UFD, or by a higher-level SFD. You create SFDs with the CREDIR program, and you can nest them in any structure, to the level that is predetermined by the system administrator. The maximum level to which SFDs can be nested is five. _______ ____ _________ ______ (See the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual for more information about the CREDIR program.) Nested directories form a directory tree structure, _______ _______ _____ ______ which is illustrated in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual. The following example shows the creation and use of an SFD and directory paths. Example Example Show a list of all the files in your UFD with a file extension .TST. .DIRECT *.TST NUMB TST 0 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5434] 109 TST 5 <055> dd-mmm-yy FILL TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy PAY3 TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy TOTAL OF 7 BLOCKS IN 4 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434] Run the CREDIR program. .R CREDIR CREATE DIRECTORY: [27,5434,TEST] CREATED DSKC:[27,5434,TEST].SFD/PROTECTION:775 Create a sub-file directory called TEST. Then exit from the CREDIR program. CREATE DIRECTORY: ^C Request a list of all your files named TEST. .DIR TEST.* TEST FOR 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5434] TEST SFD 1 <775> dd-mmm-yy TOTAL OF 2 BLOCKS IN 2 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434] The directory shows an SFD named TEST. 1-36 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Use the RENAME command to transfer all files with the extension .TST from your UFD to your SFD. .RENAME [27,5434,TEST]=*.TST FILES RENAMED: DSKC:NUMB.TST DSKC:109.TST DSKC:FILL.TST DSKC:PAY3.TST Show that your UFD no longer lists the files with the extension .TST. .DIR *.TST %WLDNSF NO SUCH FILES AS DSKC:*.TST[27,5434] Show that the files have been transferred to the SFD [27,5434,TEST]. .DIR [27,5434,TEST] NUMB TST 0 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5434,TEST] 109 TST 5 <055> dd-mmm-yy FILL TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy PAY3 TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy TOTAL OF 7 BLOCKS IN 4 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434,TEST] 1.15 USER-DEFINABLE COMMANDS 1.15 USER-DEFINABLE COMMANDS User-definable commands are available at both the system programming level and at the monitor command level for the timesharing user. As a timesharing user, you use the DECLARE command to define a command to run a specified program for your job. This can be done during a timesharing session, or you can include the DECLARE command in a SWITCH.INI file. Any program can be invoked with a user-defined command. For example, you can define COMPAR as a user-defined command to execute the FILCOM program as follows: .DECLARE COMPAR=SYS:FILCOM.EXE You can also use DECLARE to display your job's command list. The commands in the following list were defined previously. .DECLARE/LIST COMPAR LOOK EDIT DISKSP 1-37 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Use the COMPAR command. Use CTRL/T to display the current state of your job, including the name of the program that is running. Note that, although CTRL/T is shown here, it does not echo on your terminal. CTRL/Z is used to exit FILCOM and return to the monitor. .COMPAR * Day: 14.83 Run: 0.14 R2.5 Wr:6 FILCOM 3+4P TI PC:401570 Input wait for TTY70: ^Z . For more information on user-definable commands, see the DECLARE command. 1.16 PROGRAMMING THE LN01 LASER PRINTER 1.16 PROGRAMMING THE LN01 LASER PRINTER This section describes the use of escape and control sequences, which you use to direct printing on the LN01 laser printer. Font loading, which is one application of control sequences, and font management are also discussed. For a detailed discussion of programming on the LN01, ____ ____________ _________ ______ refer to the LN01 Programmer's Reference Manual. 1.16.1 LN01 ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES 1.16.1 LN01 ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES You can use escape and control sequences to specify tab stops or margins, change fonts within a file, or indicate the text's orientation, for instance. ESCape and control sequences are typed in as part of a file you want to print on the LN01 laser printer. Every time the printer encounters the characters that introduce an escape or control sequence, it regards the next few characters as instructions, until it encounters a final character (described below). However, you must specify the /PRINT:GRAPHICS switch to the PRINT or QUEUE command in order for the sequences to be interpreted. Otherwise, these characters will be printed as part of the file. For a complete description of all valid escape and control sequences, ____ ____________ _________ ______ please refer to the LN01 Programmer's Reference Manual. 1-38 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION NOTE You use the ESC control character as the first character of all escape and control sequences. When referred to here, it means that you actually press the ESC key. Since the ESC key is interpreted as a function by most text editors, consult the reference manual to find out how your editor can actually print the ESC control character. The examples in this section use a dollar sign ($) to show that the ESC control character has been pressed. 1.16.1.1 ESCape Sequences 1.16.1.1 ESCape Sequences - An escape sequence can have three sections: an introducer, intermediate characters, and a final character. You must include the escape sequence introducer, which is the ESC control character, and the final character; the intermediate characters are optional. Intermediate characters define the interpretation of the sequence. The final character indicates the end of a string, and is defined by the function requested in the sequence. The following sequence shows how to reset a printer to a known state: ESC control character | Final character | | | | $ c The characters are spaced here for clarity only. The sequence must appear as $c to actually be interpreted by the LN01. Case is significant when final characters are alphabetic. 1.16.1.2 Control Sequences 1.16.1.2 Control Sequences - The format for control sequences is similar to that of escape sequences. However, control sequences begin with an ESC control character and a left square bracket. Also, one or more parameters are allowed before the intermediate character(s). Parameters are separated by the use of a semicolon (;). Numeric parameters that designate length (such as specifying 5 inches) are given in terms of points or decipoints. A point is a unit of length equal to 1/72 of an inch. A decipoint, then, is a length of 1/720 of an inch. In these units, 5 inches equals 360 points or 3600 decipoints. 1-39 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION A sequence using length in points is below. In this example, the left margin is set to 5 inches (360 points), and the right to 8 inches (576 points). $[ 3 6 0 ; 5 7 6 s | | | | | Final character | | | Numeric parameter | Control sequence characters In this example, a control sequence is used to clear all horizontal tab stops. $[ 3 g | | | | | Final character | Numeric parameter Control sequence characters Remember, as with escape sequences, there should be no blank spaces between the characters. (They would appear in the file as "$[3g".) 1.16.2 Font Management 1.16.2 Font Management The LPTSPL program supports font management for the LN01 laser printer by means of a font handler. LPTSPL requires the LPFONT.INI file to automatically process fonts by name. LPFONT.INI resides on SSL:[5,36,LN01]. LPFONT.INI maps the font names to the files in which the actual fonts are kept. Font files must be kept in the same area. LPFONT.INI has the format: filenm = fontnm1fontnm2...fontnmN filenm Where: filenm is the six character filename of the font. fontnm fontnm is an alphanumeric string from 1 to 30 characters long, representing a fontname. Each fontname must be separated by at least one tab character, and the line must be ended with a carriage return/line feed. 1-40 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.16.3 Loading Fonts 1.16.3 Loading Fonts When you want to print a file using non-standard fonts, you have two options. You may use the either /FONT:fontnm or /PRINT:GRAPHICS switches to the PRINT or QUEUE commands. Use the /FONT:fontnm switch when you want an entire file printed in the same font. LPTSPL loads the font you request, and the LN01 prints your file in the font you specified. The /PRINT:GRAPHICS switch allows you to dynamically load fonts, so that you can print a file in several different fonts. The Load Character Set (LCS) and Assign Character Set (ACS) sequences are used to prepare the fonts for printing. If you are using fonts which reside on the ersatz device FNT: ([5,36,LN01]), you do not need to explicitly specify the LCS sequence; LPTSPL loads the character sets for you. You will always need to place an ACS sequence at the beginning of your file. The ACS sequence assigns a font name to a number. You refer to this number immediately before the text you want printed in that font. The text continues printing in that font until you specify a new font. For example, if you assigned 13 to represent a Times Bold font, and 14 to represent Times Italic, you could print text in those fonts using the following: $[13mPrint in Times Bold and $[14mnow switch to Italic In the above example, the ESC/square bracket combination indicates a control sequence is about to follow, the 13 and 14 represent the fonts, and the letter m is the final character. For more information ____ ____________ on font programming on the LN01, refer to the LN01 Programmer's _________ ______ Reference Manual. 1-41 2-1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS Not all TOPS-10 commands apply to all system configurations. Also, you or your system administrator can add and delete commands. Therefore, although this chapter contains detailed information on all of the TOPS-10 commands, not all of them may be available to you. 2.1 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF COMMANDS 2.1 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF COMMANDS In Section 2.1, the TOPS-10 commands are divided into functional groups. Each section contains: o A discussion of a functional group. o A list of the commands that make up the functional group. Section 2.2 contains a detailed description of each command. The commands are arranged in alphabetical order. Appendix A of this manual contains a table that lists the commands by functional description, including a short description of each command. This table is included for reference, so that you can find a command by its function. Please read the description of each command in Section 2.2 before using the command. 2-1 2-1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS Not all TOPS-10 commands apply to all system configurations. Also, you or your system administrator can add and delete commands. Therefore, although this chapter contains detailed information on all of the TOPS-10 commands, not all of them may be available to you. 2.0.1 Job-Control Commands 2.0.1 Job-Control Commands Job-control commands control the state of your job. You can use them to create, detach, and terminate your job. Also, you can change the accounting profile and privilege status of your job. The job control commands are: ATTACH CONTEXT DECLARE DETACH DISABLE ENABLE KJOB LOGIN PASSWORD POP PUSH REATTACH SESSION 2.0.2 Information Commands 2.0.2 Information Commands The information commands allow you to gain information from the monitor. You can obtain information about your job, your program, the operating system, or your terminal characteristics. The information commands are: ACCOUNT ALLOCATE CONTEXT CORE CPUNCH DAYTIME DIRECTORY DSK HELP INITIA MOUNT NETWORK NODE PJOB PLOT PRINT PUNCH QUEUE RESOURCES SCHEDULE SET WATCH SHOW ALLOCATION SHOW QUEUES SUBMIT 2-1 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTAT TPUNCH USESTAT VERSION WHERE 2.0.3 Terminal-Control Commands 2.0.3 Terminal-Control Commands Terminal-control commands allow you to set the characteristics of your terminal, and to see the characteristics that are set for your terminal. The terminal-control commands are: INITIA SET TERMINAL SET TTY TERMINAL TTY 2.0.4 Terminal-Communication Commands 2.0.4 Terminal-Communication Commands You can use the operating system to communicate with a user at another terminal. The commands that allow you to do this are: MAIL PLEASE SEND 2.0.5 File-Handling Commands 2.0.5 File-Handling Commands You can use the operating system to create, change, and store files. You can create and change directories. You can output files to various devices. The file-handling commands are: CLOSE COPY CPUNCH DELETE DIRECTORY EOF FILE LIST MAKE PLOT PRESERVE PRINT PROTECT PUNCH QUEUE RENAME SET DEFAULT PROTECTION SUBMIT TECO TPUNCH TYPE ZERO 2.0.6 Device-Handling Commands 2.0.6 Device-Handling Commands You can use the operating system to control peripheral devices. The 2-2 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS device-handling commands are: ALLOCATE ASSIGN BACKSPACE CANCEL CLOSE CPUNCH DEALLOCATE DEASSIGN DISMOUNT EOF FINISH LABEL LIST LOCATE MOUNT PLOT PRINT PUNCH QUEUE REASSIGN REWIND SET BLOCKSIZE SET CDR SET DEFER SET DENSITY SET FORMAT SET RETRY SET SPOOL SKIP TPUNCH UNLOAD 2.0.7 Program-Preparation Commands 2.0.7 Program-Preparation Commands The program-preparation commands help you to write a program, change it, debug it, and obtain information about it. These commands help you to run programs more easily and effectively. The program-preparation commands are: CLOSE COMPILE CREF DDT DEBUG DEPOSIT EOF EXAMINE FUDGE LOAD MAKE MERGE SET BREAK SET DDT BREAKPOINT TECO 2.0.8 Program-Control Commands 2.0.8 Program-Control Commands Program-control commands help you to control your program while it is running and after it has been run. These commands are used to start and stop execution, save the core image, manipulate the core area, and to facilitate the execution of your program. The program-control commands are: CCONTINUE CONTEXT CONTINUE CORE CSTART EXECUTE GET HALT (CTRL/C) JCONTINUE LOAD MERGE POP PUSH R REENTER RUN SAVE SSAVE SET BREAK SET CPU SET DEFAULT BIGBUF SET DEFAULT BUFFERS SET DSKFUL SET DSKPRI SET HPQ SET PHYSICAL SET TIME 2-3 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS SET VIRTUAL START 2.0.9 Network Commands 2.0.9 Network Commands Network commands help you to use a data network system. They allow you to use the resources on another system, and get information about the network configuration. The network commands are: ASSIGN LOCATE NETWORK NODE SET HOST WHERE 2.0.10 MIC Commands 2.0.10 MIC Commands MIC (Monitor Interpreted Commands) allows you to create a new command by writing any desired sequence of monitor and MIC commands in a command file. Some MIC commands are briefly described here, and are more fully described in the file MICV2.DOC. DO Executes a MIC command file. or @ BACKTO Specifies a label at which MIC processing is to GOTO resume within the command file. COJOB Creates a COJOB. ERROR/ Specifies an error condition character. NOERROR IF Conditionally processes a monitor command. LET Changes the values of user parameters. MIC Passes a subcommand to MIC. OPERATOR/ Introduces a line requiring user attention. NOOPERATOR SILENCE/ Suppresses/resumes output to the terminal. REVIVE WHENEVER/ Changes the default action wherever a particular 2-4 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ON event occurs. 2.1 COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS 2.1 COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS ACCOUNT Command ACCOUNT Command Function Function If the monitor is running usage file accounting software, the ACCOUNT command prints the account you are logged in under (set by a LOGIN or SESSION command) on your terminal. If you do not have an account, the monitor issues only a carriage-return. Format Format ACCOUNT After you press RETURN, the monitor prints the account you are logged in under. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal in monitor mode. Requires LOGIN. Examples Examples 1. This example indicates that you do not have an account string. .ACCOUNT . 2. The ACCOUNT command prints the string TS547 as the name of your account. .ACCOUNT TS547 . 2-5 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command ALLOCATE Command ALLOCATE Command Function Function The ALLOCATE command informs the system that you will need a resource. A resource is a tape or disk unit. With ALLOCATE, you can reserve a resource from the system and assign a logical name to the resource you will use. An allocated resource can contain all the specifications necessary when the resource is mounted. The switches that you specify with the ALLOCATE command will be retained and applied when you use the MOUNT command to mount the same resource. The ALLOCATE command allocates a resource, and the SHOW ALLOCATION display will show such a resource as both allocated and mounted. If you use the ALLOCATE command to explicitly allocate a resource, you will be granted extended ownership over the resource. For example, if a resource that you have explicitly allocated and mounted goes off-line unexpectedly (as when the operator dismounts it), your mount request for that resource will be automatically requeued, and the resource will be mounted for your job when it comes on line. Format Format ALLOCATE resource:log-name/switch/switch... resource Where: resource is the name of the resource that is to be allocated. The colon (:) in the resource name is optional. The resource name is one of the following: o A disk structure or volume set name, such as DSKB:. o A tape volume set name and volume identifiers, such as PAY-WK(PM34,PM35) where PAY-WK is the volume set name, and (PM34,PM35) is a list of the volumes in the volume set. o A tape volume identifier of a single-tape volume set. o The logical name previously associated with a resource. o A physical device name. 2-6 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command Note that a tape allocation request requires a volume identification. If you do not include the volume set name followed by volume identifiers, you must supply the /VOLID switch. log-name log-name is the logical name you can assign to the resource that you will use. The logical name can be up to 6 alphanumeric characters. A tape volume set must always have a logical name. If you do not specify a logical name for a tape volume set, the system defaults to the first six characters of the volume set name, or up to the first non-alphanumeric character of the volume set name. A disk volume set does not require a logical-name. To allocate more than one volume set, separate the volume set identifications with commas. /switches /switches are always preceded by a slash. Some switches can be used for any kind of volume set; others are restricted to either tape or disk volume sets only. NOTE The logical name and switches that you specify in the ALLOCATE command string are saved by the system, and are applied when you MOUNT the volume set. You can obtain a list of the resources that are allocated and mounted for your job by typing ALLOCATE with no arguments or switches. The output is the same as the output from the SHOW ALLOCATION command. The following is a list of the switches you can use with ALLOCATE. The center column lists the kind of resource(s) the switch applies to. Switch Device Function Switch Device Function /ACTIVE Disk Requests that the volume set be placed in your job's active search list when the structure is mounted. (See SETSRC _______ ____ _________ ______ in the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual). The structure will become part of the list that the system automatically uses to search for a file. This is the default. Complement to /PASSIVE. /CHECK Tape Prints a list of all the allocation Disk requests for your job. (Same as ALLOCATE with no arguments or switches.) 2-7 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command /CREATE Disk Allows files to be created on this structure. This switch is the complement to /NOCREATE and implies the /ACTIVE switch. /DENSITY:n-BPI Tape Specifies the recording density (bits-per-inch) of the volume set. The density (n) can be: 200, 556, 800, 1600, or 6250. The -BPI portion of the value is optional. /DISK Disk Identifies the volume set as a disk volume set. /EXCLUSIVE Disk Ensures that you will have exclusive access to the resource. No other users will be allowed to access the resource. You must have the same project number as the owner of the volume set. /HELP Tape Prints a brief description of the Disk command. /LABEL-TYPE:arg Tape Specifies the kind of label processing to be used and indicates the label status of the tape. The arguments and their meanings are: ANSI The label is formatted according to ANSI standards. BLP The tape may or may not have BYPASS labels, but it is treated as if it were unlabeled. Only privileged users can use this switch. EBCDIC The label is formatted in IBM EBCDIC. USER-EOT The tape does not have standard labels. However, you will be informed at the end of tape. Volume switching (for multivolume tape volume sets) will not be performed automatically. Therefore, the user program is responsible for mounting subsequent tapes. This is useful for programs that create unique labels, such as BACKUP. 2-8 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command UNLABELED The tape is not labeled. When NONE a new tape is mounted from the NOLABELS same volume set, you will not be notified. The switching of tapes in the volume set will be handled automatically by the system. You will not be informed when the end of tape is reached. /NEW-VOLUME-SET Tape Specifies that a new volume set is going to be created. The operator will choose tapes for your job from a pool of available tapes. This switch implies /WRITE-ENABLE. /NOCREATE Disk Prevents the creation of files on this volume set, unless you specify the volume set when you write the file. This switch is the complement to /CREATE and it implies /ACTIVE. /NONOTIFY Tape Does not inform you when the resource is Disk mounted or dismounted. /NOTIFY Tape Sets the system to inform you when the Disk resource is mounted or dismounted. The system sends a message to your terminal when any of the following occurs: o The resource is physically mounted. o The resource is dismounted by the operator without a request by your job. o Another volume in a tape volume set is mounted. o The disk structure is locked or unlocked by the operator. /PASSIVE Disk Requests that the structure be placed in your job's passive search list. (Refer to SETSRC program.) The system will not search for files in the structure unless you specify the structure name in the file specification. This switch is the complement to /ACTIVE. /QUOTA Disk Removed. 2-9 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command /READ-ONLY Tape Specifies that you will not write on the Disk volume set. Tape volume sets will be checked as they are mounted, to ensure that they are write-locked. This is the default for tape volume sets. On disk volume sets, the monitor will not update access dates. If you specify both /EXCLUSIVE and /READ-ONLY, the operator may write-lock the structure. /REMARK:"text" Tape Allows you to send a message to the Disk operator identifying the volume to be mounted. The argument (text) can be up to 50 characters long. Use quotation marks around the text if it contains spaces or punctuation marks. /SCRATCH Tape Instructs the operator to mount a scratch tape. By implication, a scratch tape will be returned to the system's pool of available tapes, after you are finished with it. This switch implies /WRITE-ENABLE. /SHARABLE Disk Allows other users to access the resource. This is the default function. This switch is the complement to /EXCLUSIVE. /TAPE Tape Specifies that the volume set is a tape volume set. This switch is required when the volume set has the same name as a catalogued disk volume set. /TRACKS:n Tape Specifies the number of tracks on the tape. The value n can be 7 or 9. /VOLID:volid Tape Identifies the volumes in a tape volume set. This switch can be used only if the volid-list was not specified previously. If the volume set is comprised of more than one volume, the volids should be separated by commas, and the volid-list should be enclosed in parentheses. /WRITE-ENABLE Tape Ensures that you can write on the Disk volume set. For tape, the system checks each volume as it is mounted to be sure that it is write-enabled. This is the default for disk volume sets. 2-10 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command Associated Commands Associated Commands MOUNT Makes a device available to you. DISMOUNT Removes the specified volume set from your job's search list. Dismounts the volume set if you have exclusive access to it. DEALLOCATE Removes the specified resources(s) from your job's list of allocated resources. SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources that are allocated and mounted for your job. SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of system queues. CANCEL Cancels a mount or queue request. Characteristics Characteristics Runs the QUEUE program. Destroys your core image. Requires LOGIN. Example Example The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE, MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands. The resources are reserved for a multivolume tape volume set with the ALLOCATE command. The name of the volume set is TAPE-SET, and it contains three volumes. The logical name TS is assigned to the tape set. The tape is write enabled, and it does not have standard labels. .ALLOCATE TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE/LABEL:NONE [ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #672] A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job: .MOUNT DSKR: [MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED] 2-11 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command The job's resources are shown using the SHOW ALLOCATION command: .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN ---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again displayed: .MOUNT TS [MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN ---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 After work is finished by accessing the tape set and the structure, the structure is dismounted. Because the structure was not explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated: .DISMOUNT DSKR [STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED] The tape volume set is dismounted: .DISMOUNT TS [VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED] 2-12 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ALLOCATE Command The job's resources are displayed: .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN ---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can be deallocated. The tape set is dismounted: .DEALLOCATE TS [VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN ---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 . 2-13 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ASSIGN Command ASSIGN Command ASSIGN Command Function Function The ASSIGN command allocates an input/output device to your job until you log out or until you issue a REASSIGN, FINISH, or DEASSIGN command. (Device names are discussed in Section 1.9.1.) When an assignment is performed, the system prints a message indicating the name of the physical device assigned to your job. You can ASSIGN any unrestricted device to your job. Format Format ASSIGN node-id_device-name: logical-name: node-id Where: node-id_ is an identifier of the node from which the device is to be assigned. This identifier can be either a node name or a node number. The node-id is optional. If you omit the node-id, the node to which your terminal is connected is assumed. The node-id and the device name must be separated by an underscore (_). device-name: device-name: is any physical device name or previously assigned logical name. (Device names are discussed in Section 1.9.1.) logical-name logical-name is a logical name that you request to be assigned to the physical device. Separate the physical device name from the logical name with a space. This argument is optional. Subsequent ASSIGN commands replace the old logical name with the new one. Logical names are disassociated from the devices when you issue the DEASSIGN command. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your job at monitor level. Does not destroy your core image. 2-14 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ASSIGN Command Associated Messages Associated Messages If the assignment is successful, the system prints a message in the following format: device-name: ASSIGNED where device-name is the physical device name . If you specify a restricted device, the monitor prints the following message: ?DEVICE NOT ASSIGNABLE You can access restricted devices using the MOUNT command. The following message occurs when the device is assigned to another job: ?Already assigned to job n n Where: n is the number of the job to which the device is assigned. Examples Examples 1. Assign line-printer number 2. .ASSIGN LPT2: LPT262 ASSIGNED . 2. Assign the logical name SYS to DSKB. .ASSIGN DSKB: SYS: DSKB: ASSIGNED . 3. Assign the logical name TAPE to DTA5. .ASSIGN DTA5: TAPE DTA5: ASSIGNED . 4. Assign a card reader from node COMET to your job. .ASSIGN COMET_CDR: CDR701: ASSIGNED . 2-15 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ATTACH Command ATTACH Command ATTACH Command Function Function The ATTACH command detaches your current job (if you are logged in) and connects your terminal to a detached job. To prevent unauthorized access to detached jobs, the monitor temporarily creates a new job when you specify the project-programmer number argument. This temporary job runs LOGIN, which asks for your password. If the temporary job exceeds the system's maximum job capacity, you may be unable to attach to the specified job. In this case, your first job remains detached. You will be unable to ATTACH to any job until there is room in the system. Formats Formats ATTACH ATTACH job [ppn]/switch ATTACH job/switch ATTACH [ppn]/switch ATTACH user/switch job Where: job is the job-number of the job to which your terminal is to be attached. [ppn] [ppn] is the project-programmer number of the desired job. You must enclose the PPN in square brackets ([]). If you are trying to attach from one job to another, and both have the same PPN, you can omit the project-programmer number argument. user user is the user-name associated with the desired job. /switch /switch is one of the following options: /HELP:keyword Prints the HELP text. Valid keywords are ARGUMENTS, SWITCHES, and TEXT. The ARGUMENTS keyword displays a list of valid switches and arguments. The SWITCHES keyword displays only a list of switches without detailed information. The TEXT keyword displays the full HELP text. TEXT is the default keyword. /HELP may be abbreviated to /H. /MAILCHECK: If YES, checks for the existence of YES or NO new mail. 2-16 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ATTACH Command /MONITOR Leaves your terminal at monitor level. /SETTTY: If YES, sets terminal parameters as YES or NO specified with the /TERMINAL switch. /TERMINAL:key Defines the terminal characteristics. key key is a keyword. The keywords for /TERMINAL are described after the switches. /USER Leaves your terminal at user level. /Terminal Keywords /Terminal Keywords The /TERMINAL switch takes a list of parameters to specify terminal attributes. You can include multiple keywords for the /TERMINAL switch, in which case you must enclose them in parentheses and separate them with commas. Valid keywords are: ALTMODE:yes-no Do [not] convert ASCII 175 and 176 to ESCAPE (Altmode (ASCII 33)). BLANKS:yes-no Do [not] print blank lines. CRLF:yes-no Do [not] give a free CRLF at right margin. DEFER:yes-no Do [not] set deferred echo mode. DISPLAY:yes-no Terminal is [not] a display terminal. ECHO:yes-no Do [not] set terminal echo. EIGHTBIT:yes-no Do [not] set 8-bit mode. ESCAPE:chr Set translation character to chr. FILL:dnum Set filler class to dnum (0<=dnum<=3). FORM:yes-no Terminal does [not] have hardware form feeds. GAG:yes-no Do [not] accept SEND messages at user level. LC:yes-no Terminal does [not] have lowercase characters. LENGTH:dnum Set the terminal screen length to dnum. LOCALCOPY:yes-no Do [not] set terminal to local copy. 2-17 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ATTACH Command NOFILL Do not set terminal fill (same as FILL:0). QUOTE:yes-no Do [not] enable control-V character quoting. RTCOMP:yes-no Do [not] disable special effects of R and T. RCVSPEED:n Set terminal receive speed to n baud. SBELL:yes-no Do [not] ring the bell when output is stopped due to exceeding STOP/SSTOP value. SPEED:dnum Set receive and transmit speed to dnum baud. STOP:dnum Set the terminal STOP counter to dnum. SSTOP:dnum Set the terminal SSTOP counter to dnum. TABS:yes-no Terminal does [not] have hardware tabs. TAPE:yes-no Do [not] allow XON to start paper-tape reader. TYPE:xxx Set terminal type to xxx. UNPAUSE:chr Set the unpause character to chr. UC:yes-no Terminal does [not] have uppercase characters only. WIDTH:dnum Set carriage width to dnum columns. XONXOFF:yes-no Do [not] allow S/Q to pause output. XMTSPEED:dnum Set terminal transmit speed to dnum baud. Switches of the form /*xxxxxx are unique to one character. The asterisk is NOT part of the switch name. The following is a list of possible arguments which may be accepted by some switches and keywords: args A list of keywords and optional arguments. atxt A possibly quoted string of ASCII characters. You must include quotation marks if the string contains any characters other than alphanumerics or a dash. 2-18 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ATTACH Command chr A single, possibly quoted character or an octal constant. cnum Core argument: decimal number followed by optional K or P. dnum Decimal number followed by optional K, M, or G. filespec A standard TOPS-10 file designator of the form dev:file.ext[path]. onum Octal number followed by optional K, M, or G. pathspec A standard TOPS-10 path designator of the form: [project#,programmer#,sfd1,sfd2,...]. prefix A prefix is the last three characters of the "[LGNxxx ...]" or "%LGNxxx ..." messages. stxt A possibly quoted string of SIXBIT characters. You must include quotation marks if the string contains any characters other than alphanumerics or a dash. yes-no Switch and keyword arguments may either be NO, YES, OFF (no), ON (yes), 0 (no), or 1 (yes). In addition, you can precede the switch or keyword name with NO to negate its action (such as /NOxxxxxx instead of /xxxxxx:NO). Characteristics Characteristics Does not destroy the core image of either job. Does not require that you be logged in. Restrictions Restrictions Remote users cannot attach to jobs with a project number of 1. Batch programs cannot use this command. 2-19 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ATTACH Command Examples Examples 1. Look at jobs 1 and 5 with SYSTAT. .SYSTAT 1 5 1 27,5434 DET QUOLST 36+62 to 6 # #MEANS NON-SYSTEM HI-SEG 5 27,5434 TTY31 SYSTAT 19+SPY RN 25 $ $ MEANS EXECUTE ONLY Output shows that job 1 is detached, and job 5 is attached to terminal number 31. You attach to job 1 from job 5. .ATTACH 1 FROM JOB 5 The two jobs have the same project-programmer number; therefore, neither the project-programmer number nor the password is required. Check jobs 1 and 5 again. .SYSTAT 1 5 1 27,5434 TTY31 SYSTAT 19+SPY RN 25 $ $ MEANS EXECUTE ONLY 5 27,5434 DET SYSTAT 24+SPY ^C 23 $ $ MEANS EXECUTE ONLY Job 1 is now attached to TTY31, and job 5 is detached. 2. You log in to the system. You are given job 7; terminal number 116 is attached to your job (7). .LOGIN 27,235 JOB 7 R5743A SYS #40/2 TTY116 PASSWORD: hh:mm dd-mmm-yyyy TUE You attach to an existing detached job (35) with a different PPN. This automatically detaches your current job (7). You enter the correct password at the prompt and LOGIN attaches your terminal to job 35. .ATTACH 35 PASSWORD: FROM JOB 7 2-20 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ATTACH Command You attach to job 7 again. You do not need to enter a password because job 7 has your original PPN. .ATTACH 7 FROM JOB 35 You attach to job 35 again, but you mis-type the password. LOGIN does not give you a second chance. .ATTACH 35 PASSWORD: ?CAN'T ATTACH TO JOB 2-21 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS BACKSPACE Command BACKSPACE Command BACKSPACE Command Function Function The BACKSPACE command spaces a magnetic tape backward a specified number of files or physical records. This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running PIP. Formats Formats BACKSPACE MTAn: x FILES This command skips backward x files. BACKSPACE MTAn: x RECORDS This command skips backward x records. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Runs the PIP program. Destroys your core image. Examples Examples 1. Backspace 7 records on the tape on MTA2. .BACKSPACE MTA2: 7 RECORDS . 2. Backspace 11 files on the tape on MTA3. .BACKSPACE MTA3: 11 FILES . 2-22 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CANCEL Command CANCEL Command CANCEL Command Function Function The CANCEL command deletes the specified request from the specified queue. You can delete the request before it is started, or you can terminate the request after it has been started. Format Format CANCEL request-type request-id/switch request-type Where: request-type is any of the following: BATCH-REQUEST CARD-PUNCH-REQUEST MOUNT-REQUEST PAPER-TAPE-REQUEST PLOTTER-REQUEST PRINTER-REQUEST The request-type argument can be abbreviated to a unique set of characters. request-id request-id is a request identification. This can be any one of the following: o The request-id number. The request-id number is assigned to the request when it is made, and it is displayed with the SHOW QUEUES command. o The job name of the request. o A wildcard construction representing the job names of several requests. The standard wildcards (* and ?) are valid, as well as the percent sign (%) to represent a single character. Wildcards are described in Section 1.11. Note, however, that the asterisk (*) wildcard cannot be used to specify mount requests. 2-23 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CANCEL Command There are two switches that can be used to specify the CANCEL command: Switch Function Switch Function /HELP Prints information on your terminal about the CANCEL command. When you use this switch, no requests are cancelled. /JOBNAME:name Specifies the name of the job. This switch is used to specify the name of the job when the request-id is the same as the name of another job. Associated Messages Associated Messages The following message is printed if the request cannot be cancelled: NO JOBS CANCELED This may be the result of trying to cancel a request over which you have no authority. Characteristics Characteristics Runs the QUEUE program. Destroys your core image. Example Example The following example illustrates the use of the CANCEL, MOUNT, and SHOW QUEUES commands. A mount request is made for the structure GAL0: .MOUNT GAL0:/NOWAIT The mount queue is displayed with the SHOW QUEUES command: .SHOW QUEUES MOUNT MOUNT QUEUE: VOLUME STATUS TYPE WRITE REQ# JOB# USER ------ ------- ---- ------- ---- ---- ----------------------- BLKA WAITING DISK ENABLE 650 35 MARTIN,C [30,5621] GAL0 WAITING DISK LOCKED 672 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] THERE ARE 2 REQUESTS IN THE QUEUE 2-24 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CANCEL Command To cancel the mount request, the user issues the CANCEL command: .CANCEL MOUNT GAL0 [MOUNT REQUEST FOR GAL0 CANCELED] Again, the mount queue is displayed: .SHOW QUEUES MOUNT MOUNT QUEUE: VOLUME STATUS TYPE WRITE REQ# JOB# USER ------ ------- ---- ------- ---- ---- ----------------------- BLKA WAITING DISK ENABLED 650 35 MARTIN,C [30,5621] THERE IS 1 REQUEST IN THE QUEUE . 2-25 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CCONTINUE Command CCONTINUE Command CCONTINUE Command Function Function The CCONTINUE command starts program execution, leaving your terminal at monitor level. Format Format CCONTINUE To use: 1. Begin running a program. 2. Exit from user mode by typing two CTRL/Cs. 3. Type CCONTINUE to allow the previously begun program to continue running from the point at which you interrupted it. Your terminal is left at monitor level. 4. You can now use commands that do not require core, or you can detach from your job and create a new job to run other programs. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Requires core. Associated Commands Associated Commands CONTINUE - Continues the operation of your program, bringing your terminal back to user level. START - Starts the program from the beginning or from the specified address, leaving your terminal at user level. CSTART - Starts the program from the specified address or from the beginning, but leaves your terminal at monitor level. NOTE If your program requires terminal I/O, the CCONTINUE command allows the program to run only to that point. The program then waits for terminal I/O, before it continues executing. Use the CONTINUE command to re-enter user level and 2-26 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CCONTINUE Command accept or input the required I/O. 2-27 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CCONTINUE Command Example Example This is a program that finds all the numbers up to 10,000 and writes them out to disk. .TYPE NUMBER.FOR N = 0 100 N = N + 1 IF (N .EQ. 10000) GO TO 300 WRITE (22, 201) N GO TO 100 201 FORMAT (1X, I14,' IS BETWEEN 1 AND 10000') 300 STOP 'DONE' END Execute the program. .EXECUTE NUMBER.FOR FORTRAN: NUMBER NUMBER LINK: LOADING [LNKXCT NUMBER EXECUTION] ^C ^C Type two CTRL/C's to halt the program. Continue the program, leaving your terminal at monitor level. .CCONTINUE Type CTRL/T for job status. CTRL/T does not echo on your terminal. DAY: 8.85 RUN: 2.05 RD:0 WR:0 NUMBER 4+15P RN* PC:000175 The status message RN* indicates the program NUMBER is running. Detach from the job to do work on another job. .DETACH FROM JOB 19 . . . 2-28 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CCONTINUE Command Later, attach to your original job. .ATTACH 19 [27,5434] PASSWORD: Type CONTINUE to re-enter user level. .CONTINUE System message (see NOTE). ?PLEASE TYPE ^C FIRST Type CTRL/C and CONTINUE, to enter user level. .^C .CONTINUE Program message indicates execution is finished. The file containing data from this program is named FOR22.DAT, and is stored in your default disk area. DONE END OF EXECUTION CPU TIME:4.60 ELAPSED TIME:12:12.83 EXIT . NOTE It is necessary to type CTRL/C to re-enter user level, because the program is running. The program must be interrupted so that your terminal can access it. 2-29 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CLOSE Command CLOSE Command CLOSE Command Function Function The CLOSE command terminates any input or output currently in progress on the specified device. Although most programs close files when they finish executing a command string, the CLOSE command is provided for a program that does not terminate or a program that is being debugged. This command causes all files which are open for output to be closed. If a CLOSE is not done, the next RESET by a command (R, RUN, GET) or program deletes any partially written disk files. Format Format CLOSE dev: dev: Where: dev: is the logical or physical name of the device on which I/O is to be terminated. dev: cannot refer to a disk device. This argument is optional. If dev: is omitted, I/O is terminated on all devices, except for the job's controlling terminal, and all files are CLOSEd. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Restrictions Restrictions You cannot continue the program after using CLOSE, but you can restart at the beginning of your program or you can access DDT. You cannot specify a disk device as an argument. 2-30 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CLOSE Command Examples Examples 1. Terminate input from the paper-tape reader number 2. .CLOSE PTR2: . 2. Terminate I/O from all devices except your terminal. .CLOSE . 3. Attempt to terminate I/O from DSKB: assigned logical name DEVA. .ASSIGN DSKB: DEVA DSKB assigned . . . .CLOSE DEVA ?Not legal for disk-like devices . 2-31 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command COMPILE Command COMPILE Command Function Function The COMPILE command produces relocatable binary files (.REL files) and/or compilation listings for specified source program files. The system determines which language compiler to use by the source file extension or by switches you specify in the command string. If you do not supply any switches in the command string, but you do use a standard extension, the system uses the following compilers: Source File Extension Compiler Used Source File Extension Compiler Used .ALG ALGOL compiler .BLI, .B10 BLISS-10 compiler .CBL COBOL compiler .F4 or .FOR FORTRAN compiler .FAI FAIL compiler .MAC MACRO assembler .PAL PAL10 compiler .PAS Pascal compiler .P11 MACY11 assembler .SAI SAIL compiler .SIM SIMULA compiler .SNO SNOBOL compiler NOTE The compiler cannot be changed with a switch, but it can be specified with a switch when the source file has an unrecognizable or no extension. If the source file has a non-standard extension, and you do not specify the compiler in a switch, FORTRAN is used as the default compiler. All standard file extensions are listed in Appendix D. Usually, the system translates the source file if there is no corresponding binary (.REL) file, or if the date and time of the source file is later than the date and time of the binary file. If the binary file is newer than the source file, the system does not generate a new .REL file. This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running the appropriate language compiler. FAIL, MACY11, SAIL, and SNOBOL are recognized as compilers only if the appropriate assembly switches are set at your installation. 2-32 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command Each time you issue the COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG commands, the system remembers the command, with its arguments, in a temporary file on disk or in TMPCOR if they are small enough. When you issue one of these commands without an argument, it causes the system to use the argument saved in the temporary file. The COMPILE command accepts several command constructions: the @ construction (indirect commands), the + construction, the = construction, and the < > construction. Refer to Appendix C for a complete description of each of these constructions. Format Format COMPILE file-spec/switch,file-spec/switch,... file-spec Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of file specifications, separated by commas. The standard file specification consists of: a device name, a file name (with or without an extension), and a directory name. If you omit the file specification argument, the system uses the argument specified in a previous COMPILE-class command, if possible. (Refer to Section 1.9.) NOTE Note that a maximum of 150 processor switch characters can be passed to the compiler. You can use the following switches as temporary or permanent switches. (Refer to Section 1.8.4.) Switches relevant to COMPILE follow; all switches allowed with COMPILE can be used with LOAD, EXECUTE and DEBUG. Switch Function Switch Function /ALGOL Compiles with ALGOL. Assumed for files with the .ALG extension. /BINARY Generates a binary file for each file compiled. The file name of the binary file is .REL. This is the default action. /BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for files with the extension of .B10 and .BLI. /C68 Compiles with COBOL-68. /C74 Compiles with COBOL-74. 2-33 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command /COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for files with the extension of .CBL. /COMPILE Forces a compilation of this source file even if the relocatable binary file is newer. Use this switch to obtain an extra compilation (for example, to obtain a listing of the compilation). NOCOMPILE is the default switch. /CREF Produces a listing file on the disk for each file compiled, for later processing by the CREF program. The file extension of the listing file is .CRF. The file can then be listed with the CREF command. With COBOL files, the CREF file is appended to the output file; additional commands are needed to obtain the cross-referenced file. /DDT Loads the program debugger DDT with the file. /DEBUG:(arg, arg,...) Passes the arguments to FORTRAN. Refer to the _______________ _______ ________ ______ TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language Manual. /DLIST Creates a listing file with the extension .LST and stores it in your disk area. You can have this file printed on the line printer by using the PRINT command. /F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and EXTERNAL statements. /FAIL Assembles the file with FAIL. Assumed for files with the .FAI extension. /FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler. Assumed for files with either the extension of .F4 or .FOR and for all files with unrecognizable compiler extensions, if FORTRAN is the standard compiler for your system. This switch is necessary if the file has a unrecognizable compiler extension and FORTRAN is not the standard compiler or is not the current default. /FORDDT Loads the FORDDT debugger with the program. /FOROTS Obsolete /FORSE 2-34 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command /FUDGE:file Creates a temporary file that contains the library file name and the names of the .REL files produced by the command string. When you issue the FUDGE command, PIP reads this file to generate the _______ ______ ______ library .REL file. (See the TOPS-10 MAKLIB User's _____ Guide for information about library files.) The argument to /FUDGE is the library file specification. If you omit the file extension, the default is .REL. This switch is permanent (sticky). That is, it pertains to all .REL files generated by this command string. /GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are to be stored in G-floating format. This format has an expanded exponent range. This option is available on KL10 processors only. /K?10 Designates the machine on which the program will execute after it has been loaded. The default is the processor that is executing the command. The ? can be replaced by L or S. To designate a KS processor, use /KS10. /LIBRARY Loads the program in library search mode. (/LIBRARY is identical to /SEARCH.) /LINK Obsolete /LIST Prints the listing file on the line printer (LPT:). If the line printer is spooled or available to your job, the listing file is automatically printed. /LMAP:file Produces a loader map while loading. The map contains local symbols. /MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for files with the extension of .MAC. /MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for files with the extension .P11. MACY11 is recognized as a compiler only if the appropriate assembly switch is set. This switch is not supported. /MAP:file Produces a loader map while loading. The default file name is MAP.MAP. 2-35 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command /NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from the experimental library area [1,5] (device NEW:). If the compiler does not exist on device NEW:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. /NOBINARY Does not generate binary files. This switch, when combined with the /CREF or /LIST switch, is useful when compiling programs solely to generate listings. /NOCOMPILE Compiles the source file if there is no relocatable file newer than the source file. Note that /COMPILE always compiles, /REL never compiles, and /NOCOMPILE (the default switch) compiles conditionally. /NODEBUG Does not pass previously specified arguments to FORTRAN. /NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the default action. Complement to /LIST. /NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object source code. This is the default. Complement to /OPTIMIZE. /NOSEARCH Does not load the program in library search mode. Complement to /SEARCH. /OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object code of a FORTRAN program. /OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from the system library [1,3] of old programs (device OLD:). If the compiler does not exist on device OLD:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. /PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for files with the .PAL extension. /PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for files with the .PAS extension. /REL Loads an existing .REL file rather than compiling a new one. Refer also to /COMPILE and /NOCOMPILE. /SAIL Compiles the file with SAIL. Assumed for files with the .SAI extension. /SAVE Saves the core image to disk in an executable file after it is loaded. 2-36 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command /SEARCH Loads the program in library search mode. (/SEARCH is identical to /LIBRARY.) /SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from device DSK: instead of from the system library (device SYS:). This switch is useful if you keep a private copy of a compiler in your own disk area. /SIMULA Compiles the file with SIMULA. Assumed for files with the .SIM extension. /SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for files with the extension .SNO. SNOBOL is recognized as a compiler only if the appropriate assembly switch is set. This switch is not supported. /SSAVE Saves the core image in a sharable executable file after the program is loaded. /SYS Compiles the program with the compiler from SYS:. This is the default. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Runs the appropriate language compiler, destroying your original core image. Restrictions Restrictions You cannot use wildcard constructions with COMPILE. A language compiler appearing more than once within a single command string cannot access more than one disk area. For example, the following is invalid: .COMPILE TESPRG.F10/NEW,SUBRTN.F10/SYS However, the following is valid: .COMPILE TESPRG.F10/NEW .COMPILE SUBRTN.F10/SYS 2-37 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command Examples Examples 1. Compile PROG (with the null extension) with FORTRAN, TEST.MAC with MACRO, and MANAGE (with the null extension) with MACRO. A listing file is generated for MANAGE. The files generated are PROG.REL, TEST.REL, MANAGE.REL, and MANAGE.LST. .COMPILE PROG,TEST.MAC,MANAGE/MACRO/LIST FORTRAN: PROG MAIN MACRO: TEST MANAGE EXIT . 2. Compile SIGN.MAC with MACRO, TABLES (with the null extension) with FORTRAN, and MULTI.ALG with ALGOL. Listing files are generated for SIGN.MAC and MULTI.ALG. .COMPILE/LIST SIGN.MAC,TABLES/NOLIST,MULTI.ALG MACRO: SIGN FORTRAN: TABLES MAIN ALGOL: MULTI EXIT . 3. Compile the files DIVIDE, SUBTRC, and ADD with the FORTRAN compiler, even if current .REL files exist. Generate files to be processed by CREF. The files generated are DIVIDE.CRF, DIVIDE.REL, SUBTRC.CRF, SUBTRC.REL, ADD.CRF and ADD.REL. .COMPILE/CREF/COMPILE DIVIDE,SUBTRC,ADD FORTRAN: DIVIDE MAIN. FORTRAN: SUBTRC MAIN. FORTRAN: ADD MAIN. . 2-38 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COMPILE Command 4. Compile the files contained in the command file LIBALL. Create a temporary file which contains all the .REL file names and the library file name (MONITR.REL). The FUDGE command creates the library file, MONITR.REL, with the .REL files in the same order as they were specified in the command file. .COMPILE/FUDGE:MONITR.REL@LIBALL FORTRAN: DIVIDE MAIN. FORTRAN: SUBTRC MAIN. FORTRAN: ADD MAIN. .FUDGE 5. Compile and execute the program NUMBER.FOR. .COMPILE NUMB2.FOR FORTRAN: NUMB2 MAIN. .EXECUTE LINK: LOADING [LNKXCT NUMB2 EXECUTION] DONE END OF EXECUTION CPU TIME: 0.12 ELAPSED TIME: 0.53 EXIT . 2-39 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CONTEXT Command CONTEXT Command CONTEXT Command Function Function The CONTEXT command displays the status of a job's context. It also allows you to create, kill, and switch between contexts. When issued without arguments, the command gives you information about your current contexts, such as the name of the program in core for that particular context. You can also use CONTEXT to create parallel contexts. Parallel contexts permit you to switch between programs (in separate contexts) without waiting for them to reinitialize. You can specify switches to list the status of a particular context or delete a context. (Section 1.5 contains a discussion of contexts.) Format Format CONTEXT argument/switch argument Where: argument is optional. With no arguments, CONTEXT displays information about all of your job's contexts, including the program loaded in each context. /switch /switch is one of the options listed below. Argument, when specified, can be one of the following: handle A context name or number. This argument switches your job's current context to the specified one. A period (.) can replace a context name for the current context only. name=number Where name is a one to six character alphanumeric string to be associated with the specified context number. = An equal sign can be used to create a new, parallel context, without switching the current context to the newly created context. /Switch, when specified with the handle argument, can be one of the following: /KILL Deletes the specified parallel context. /LIST Lists information about the specified context only. 2-40 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CONTEXT Command Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Requires LOGIN. Preserves your core image. Restrictions Restrictions To use the CONTEXT command, you must be at monitor level, and the job must be halted. Associated Commands Associated Commands POP Returns you to a previous superior context, and destroys the current context. PUSH Creates an inferior context. Examples Examples 1. Name context 1 (the current context, in this case) TOPLVL. .CONTEXT TOPLVL=1 2. Display the status of the current context. .CONTEXT Contexts used/quota = 1/4, pages used/quota = 0/1000 Contexts Superior Prog Idle time * TOPLVL 1 PATH Notice that the current context, TOPLVL, is marked by an asterisk (*). For this particular example, one of four allotted contexts is being used, none of the 1,000 saved-pages is in use, the context name is TOPLVL, the context number is 1, and the PATH program is running in this context. 2-41 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CONTEXT Command 3. Create an adjacent context, run MAIL under it, and exit. Then look at the context status. .CONTEXT= .MAIL 21 messages, 116 blocks. MS>quit .CONTEXT Contexts used/quota = 2/4, pages used/quota = 4/1000 Context Superior Prog Idle time TOPLVL 1 PATH 19.78 * 2 MS Note the differences from the previous status. There are now two contexts in use, and the current, unnamed context 2 is running MS. Also, PATH has been idle for 19.78 seconds since the last CONTEXT command was issued. MS will restart very quickly if you type CONTINUE, because it does not have to re-initialize. 4. Finally, kill one context that is running MS, and examine your status. You have to move to another context to do this, because you cannot kill the current context. .CONTEXT 1 .CONTEXT 2/KILL .CONTEXT Contexts used/quota = 1/4, pages used/quota = 0/1000 Context Superior Prog Idle time * TOPLVL 1 PATH Context 1 is now the current and only context. 2-42 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CONTINUE Command CONTINUE Command CONTINUE Command Function Function The CONTINUE command continues your program from the point at which you interrupted it. You interrupt program execution with CTRL/C. After you use CONTINUE, your terminal returns to user level. Format Format CONTINUE Characteristics Characteristics Places your terminal at user level. Requires core. Example Example This is a program that finds all the numbers up to 10,000. .TYPE NUMBER.FOR N = 0 100 N = N + 1 IF (N .EQ. 10000) GO TO 300 WRITE (22, 201) N GO TO 100 201 FORMAT (1X, I14,' IS BETWEEN 1 AND 10000') 300 STOP 'DONE' END Execute the program. .EXECUTE NUMBER.FOR FORTRAN:NUMBER NUMBER LINK:LOADING [LNKXCT NUMBER EXECUTION] ^C ^C Type two CTRL/Cs to halt the program. 2-43 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CONTINUE Command Detach from the job to do work on another job. .DETACH FROM JOB 19 . . . Later, attach to your original job. .ATTACH 19 [27,5434] PASSWORD: Type CONTINUE to enter user level. .CONTINUE ?PLEASE TYPE ^C FIRST System message (see NOTE). Type CTRL/C and CONTINUE to enter user level. .^C .CONTINUE DONE END OF EXECUTION CPU TIME:4.60 ELAPSED TIME:12:12.83 EXIT . Program message indicates execution is finished. The file containing data from this program is named FOR22.DAT, and is stored in your default disk area. NOTE You must type CTRL/C to re-enter user level, because the program is running. The program must be interrupted so that your terminal can access it. 2-44 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COPY Command COPY Command COPY Command Function Function The COPY command copies a file from one device to another, or within a device, file structure, or directory. The command string can contain one output specification and any number of input specifications. Format Format COPY dev:file.ext[directory]=dev:file.ext[directory],... Where: The file to the left of the equal sign (=) is the destination, or output file, and the file(s) to the right of the equal sign is the source, or input file(s). dev: dev: is a physical or logical device name. If you omit a device name, the system assumes DSK:. file.ext file.ext is the name of the file(s) to be used in input or output. If you omit the output file name, the system defaults to the input file name. If you transfer many input files to one output file, the system combines the files. You can use wildcard constructions with the COPY command. [directory] [directory] is the disk area in which the files are to be read or written. If you type this area before the file name, the system uses this area as the default for all succeeding files. If you omit this argument, your default directory is accessed. You can transfer files to or from another directory only if you have access to that directory. is the protection code to be given to the output file. If you omit this argument, the system assigns the system standard protection code, even if the input file already has a non-standard protection code associated with it. Protection codes are described in Section 1.9.4. Use the equal sign (=) to separate the destination (output) side from the source (input) side. 2-45 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS COPY Command Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. Runs the PIP program. Example Example Find file NOTICE.TXT in SYS: .DIRECT SYS:NOTICE.TXT NOTICE TXT 2 <155> 6-SEP-79 DSKC:[1,4] Search your own directory. .DIRECT DSKB:NOTICE %WLDNSF No such files as NOTICE.TXT Copy NOTICE from SYS: into your directory on DSKB: .COPY DSKB:NOTICE.TXT=SYS:NOTICE.TXT Check your directory to find NOTICE on DSKB: .DIR NOTICE NOTICE TXT 2 <055> 6-SEP-79 DSKB:[27,5434] . 2-46 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CORE Command CORE Command CORE Command Function Function The CORE command prints or changes the amount of core memory assigned to your job. Because programs usually allocate core, you generally do not need this command. If your job is locked in core and you issue this command with a nonzero argument, the monitor prints an error message. Format Format nx CORE nx n Where: n is a decimal number; this argument is optional. You may not assign more than one section of core to your job. If n is 0, the low and high segments are removed from the virtual addressing space of your job. If n is greater than 0, n represents the total number of blocks of core to be assigned to your job from this point on. If n is less than the high-segment size plus the minimum low-segment size, n plus the high-segment size is assumed. x x is either K or P. K represents units of 1024 words. P represents 512-word pages. For example, 3P represents three pages or 1536 words. If you do not specify x, K is assumed. If you omit nx, the monitor prints the amount of core currently being used by your job, as well as the octal page number, page (accessibility) status, and the origin of the pages. This form of the CORE command does not change the core assignment. 2-47 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CORE Command Page status can be any of the following: o executable (EX) o readable (RD) o writable (WR) o sharable (SH) o locked (LK) o allocated-but-zero (AZ). Origin can be private pages, spy pages, or the file specification. The total pages in the space is also displayed. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not operate when your job is in run state. Example Example Use CORE to look at the amount and contents of memory assigned after using MAIL. .CORE Page number Page status Origin 0-74 EX RD WR Private pages 76-165 EX RD WR Private pages 620-674 EX RD SH DSKA:MS[1,4] Total of 162 pages Virt. mem. assigned 118+45P (Current limit: 16384P Max limit: 16384P) Phys. mem. assigned 118+45P (Guideline: 16384P Max limit: 999P) Swap space left: 81502P 2-48 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command CPUNCH Command CPUNCH Command Function Function The CPUNCH command places entries in the card punch queue. Refer to the QUEUE command for further information and examples. Format Format CPUNCH dev:jobname=file-spec/switches dev Where: dev: is the name of the individual device on which the file is to be punched. (For example, CDP2: is card punch number 2.) The device name is optional. To punch the file on a card punch at a different node, use devSxx;, where xx is the node number. (For example, CDPS22: is a card punch on node number 22.) jobname jobname is the name of the job you are entering into the queue. The default job name is the name of the first file in the request. The equal sign is required if you specify either the device or job name. file-spec file-spec is a single file specification or a string of file specifications, separated by commas, for the files being processed. A file specification is in the form dev:file.ext[directory]. (Refer to Section 1.9.) If you specify neither a job name nor a file-spec, a list of all the jobs in the card punch queue will be printed on your terminal. The wildcard construction can be used for the file specifications. 2-49 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /switches /switches are listed below. The switches to this command can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the switch can be used only once, or can be used more times, in a single command string. The two categories are: Queue-Operation Switches o Queue-Operation Switches These switches can be used only once in a command string. They affect the entire request, and you can place them anywhere in the command string. If you have used one of these switches in a command string, you cannot use it again in the same string. Many commands have a /NO construction, which takes a negative effect. Be sure you do not use the /NO construction of a switch in the same command string with the positive construction. File-Control Switches o File-Control Switches These switches can be used any number of times in the command string. You can also use the /NO construction of a switch in the same command string. To achieve a temporary or permanent effect by the placement of the switch, refer to Section 1.8.4. Switches Category Function Switches Category Function /ABEFORE: File Queues the file only if the access date-time control date is before the specified date and time. /ACCOUNT:name Queue Specifies the account to which the operation job should be charged. /AFTER: Queue Processes the request after the date-time operation specified time. /ALLFILES: Queue Accepts the request only if all of YES or NO operation the files in the request exist. By default, if any of the files do not exist, the others will be processed appropriately. This switch specifies that if any file does not exist, no files should be processed. The value YES or NO is optional. If you use YES, all of the files you specified must exist. If NO, existing files are processed, and warning messages are printed for files that do not exist. 2-50 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /ASINCE: File Queues the file only if the access date-time control date is later than the specified date and time. /BEFORE: File Queues only the files with creation date-time control dates before the specified date and time. /CHARACTERISTIC: Queue Specifies an output characteristic. arg operation You can find a list of the characteristics arguments defined for your system in the file SYS:CHARTY.DAT. /CHECK Queue Prints on your terminal a list of operation the queue entries made by your job. /COPIES:n File Repeats the output the specified control number of times (n must be less than 64). The default is one copy. /CREATE Queue Makes a new entry in the specified operation queue. This function is the default, except when listing queue entries. /DEFERRED Queue Causes deferred output to be operation released to the card punch queue. You must use one of the following switches with /DEFERRED. /CREATE to complete the released output requests. /KILL to eliminate the released output requests. Refer to the SET DEFER command for more information. /DELETE File Deletes the file after processing control it. Same as /DISPOSE:DELETE. 2-51 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /DESTINATION: Queue Specifies the node at which the node operation file will be punched. Use the node name or node number to specify the node. The files will not be punched at any host other than the host to which the terminal is connected. /DISPOSE:arg File Controls the disposition of the control file after it is processed. The arguments to this switch are: DELETE deletes the file from your directory after processing it. PRESERVE preserves the file after processing it. RENAME renames the file from your directory into the spooling area. Thus, the file is effectively deleted immediately. /DISTRIBUTION: Queue Specifies text to place in the "text" operation distribution field, on the banner page of output. You can use this field to include mailing information, or the location where the operator should leave the listing. The text field may be up to 39 alphanumeric characters, including punctuation and spaces if the text is placed in quotation marks. /ERBINARY File Prints an error message if a binary control file is included in the queue. This is the default. /ERNONE Queue Prints an error message if no files operation match the file specification. This is the default. /ERPROTECTION Queue Prints an error message if the operation the request involves a protection violation. This is the default. /FAST Queue Prints the entries in the queue on operation your terminal. 2-52 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /FILE:arg File Specifies how the file format is to control interpreted. The following arguments can be used with this switch: ASCII interprets the file as ASCII text. ELEVEN interprets the file as four 8-bit bytes in each 36-bit word. The bits are arranged as follows: Byte 1: bits 10-17 Byte 2: bits 2-9 Byte 3: bits 28-35 Byte 4: bits 20-27 /FORMS:arg Queue Specifies any special cards to be operation used. Available forms are listed in SYS:FORMST.DAT. /GENERIC File Sends output to the next available control card punch. Complement to /UNIT. /HEADER: File Makes header cards for the file. YES or NO control The default is YES. /HELP:arg Queue Prints information on your terminal operation about the QUEUE command. This switch does not queue any files. The switch can be used alone (/HELP) or with one of the following arguments: TEXT prints a message with the format and switches of the QUEUE command. This is the same as /HELP with no arguments. SWITCHES prints a list of all the switches available with the QUEUE command. /JOBNAME:name Queue Specifies the name of the job. The operation name can be up to 6 alphanumeric characters. /KILL Queue Removes the specified entry from operation the queue. You must specify the job name, /REQUESTID, or /SEQUENCE, left of the equal sign in the command line. 2-53 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /LENGTH:n:m File Processes only the files whose control length is between n and m blocks in length. /LIMIT:n Queue Limits the output to the specified operation number of cards. /LIST:arg Queue Prints information about the jobs operation in the queue. If you use /LIST alone, it shows the jobs in the queue. This is equivalent to using the CPUNCH command with no arguments and no switches. /LIST can be abbreviated to /L. The switch can also take one of the following arguments: ALL shows all data about each queue request. FAST shows a fast list of the queue requests. JOBS shows a list of the jobs in the queue. (Same as /LIST with no arguments.) SUMMARY shows only the summary line of the queue display. /MESSAGE:arg Queue Specifies the information to be operation output if an error occurs. The arguments are: ADDRESS Prints the location in memory where the error occurred. CONTINUATION Prints information about the error. FIRST Prints a one-line error message. PREFIX Prints the six character prefix. 2-54 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /MODIFY Queue Alters the specified parameter in operation the specified job. This switch requires that you have access rights to the job. You must specify the job name, /REQUESTID, or /SEQUENCE, left of the equal sign in the command line. This switch can be used to modify a previously submitted request as long as the request has not been started. /NEW: File Accepts file specifications of YES or NO control files that do not exist. /NOHEADER File Does not make header cards for each control file. /NONEW File Does not accept file specifications control of files that do not yet exist. This is the default. /NONOTIFY Queue Does not notify you when the job is operation finished. This is the default. /NONULL Queue Prints a fatal error message on a operation null request. This is the default. /NOOPTION Queue Suppresses reading the SWITCH.INI operation file. /NOPHYSICAL File Allows logical names for devices in control the command string. /NOSTRS File When scanning structures for the control file, takes only the first occurrence. This is the default function. /NOTES:"text" Queue Prints the text in the header card. operation 2-55 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /NOTIFY: Queue Notifies you on your terminal when YES or NO operation your request is completed. To be notified, use /NOTIFY with no argument, or with YES or 1 as an argument. To suppress notification, use /NOTIFY:0 or /NOTIFY:NO. By default, you are not notified when a request is finished. Special cases, such as printing of batch log files and output of deferred requests, will never notify you when they are completed. /NULL: Queue Does not print a fatal error YES or NO operation message if the specified files do not exist. /OKBINARY File Accepts files whose extensions control indicate that they include binary information. Normally, files with extensions .SAV, .SHR, .LOW, .REL, .EXE, and .HGH will not be accepted for processing. /OKNONE Queue Does not produce a warning message operation if no files match the file specification. /OKPROTECTION Queue Does not print an error message if operation a file protection violation occurs. /OPTION:name Queue Uses the option line QUEUE:name operation in the SWITCH.INI file. SWITCH.INI files are described in Appendix B. /PHYSICAL File Ignores logical device names in the control command line. /PRESERVE File Saves the file after control processing it. This is the default. This switch is the same as /DISPOSE:PRESERVE. /PRIORITY:n Queue Assigns the specified priority (n operation is 1 to 63) to the request. A larger number has greater priority. 2-56 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /PROTECTION:nnn Queue Specifies a protection code to be operation associated with the request. Queue requests may have protection codes. These are exactly like file protection codes. Refer to Section 1.9.4. /PUNCH:arg File Punches the file in the specified control mode. If you omit this switch, the file is punched according to the data mode specified in the file. The following arguments can be used with this switch: 026 Punches the files in 026 Hollerith mode. ASCII Punches the files in ASCII card mode. BCD Punches the files in 026 Hollerith mode. (Same as 026.) BINARY Punches the files in a checksummed binary card mode. IMAGE Punches the files in image card format. /REMOTE Queue Prints on your terminal a list of operation remote queues. Must be used with /DESTINATION. /REQUESTID:n Queue Specifies the request operation identification number of the job you wish to modify or terminate. The request identification number is assigned when you queue the request. /RUN:file Queue Executes the specified file after operation the request is accepted. /RUNCORE:n Queue Executes the specified file in nK operation of core after the request is accepted. 2-57 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command /RUNOFFSET:n Queue Executes the specified file with operation start offset n after the request is accepted. /SEQUENCE:n Queue Specifies a sequence number to aid operation in identifying a request to be modified or deleted. /SINCE: File Queues only the files with creation date-time control dates after the specified date and time. /STRS: Queue Searches for the file on all YES or NO operation structures in the search list and takes every occurrence. The default is to take just the first occurrence of the file. /TMPFIL:file: Queue Creates a temporary file on TMP: text operation and enters the text into the file. /UNIT:n Queue Specifies the unit number of the operation device you want the output sent to. /USERNAME: Queue Specifies the user name field for "name" operation the banner page of output. This field can contain up to 39 alphanumeric characters, and may include punctuation and spaces if the name is placed in quotation marks. Associated Messages Associated Messages When a new entry is made in a system queue, the system prints a message on the user's terminal. The message is in the form: [CARD-PUNCH JOB name QUEUED, REQUEST #nnn, LIMIT xxx] name Where: name is the name of the job in the queue. This can be specified by the user. Otherwise, it defaults to the name of the first file in the request. nnn nnn is the number that represents the request identification of the job in the queue. xxx xxx is the maximum number of cards that the job will use. 2-58 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CPUNCH Command Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Runs the QUEUE program. Destroys your core image. Does not require LOGIN if you desire a list of queue entries. Examples Examples 1. Punch the file SYSTAT.MAC in ASCII format. .CPUNCH SYSTAT.MAC/PUNCH:ASCII [CARD-PUNCH JOB SYSTAT QUEUED, REQUEST #75, LIMIT 33] . 2. Punch the file SYSTAT.REL in binary format, but do not begin output until after 5:00 P.M. .CPUNCH SYSTAT.REL/PUNCH:BINARY/AFTER:17:00 [CARD-PUNCH JOB SYSTAT QUEUED, REQUEST #43, LIMIT 200] . 2-59 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CREF Command CREF Command CREF Command Function Function The CREF command runs the CREF program. If you have created any files to be processed with CREF (using the /CREF switch with a COMPILE, LOAD, DEBUG, or EXECUTE command), CREF processes them and prints them on the line printer. The file containing the names of these CREF files is then deleted so that subsequent CREF commands will not list them again. When the logical device name LPT: is assigned to a device other than the line printer, the CREF files are stored on that device with the same file name and the extension .LST. (See the CREF manual in the TOPS-10 Software Notebooks for more information.) Format Format CREF file-spec file-spec Where: file-spec is a valid file specification. (Refer to Section 1.9.) When you supply a file specification in the command line, CREF produces a cross-referenced listing file for the specified file. If you do not give an argument to the command, CREF uses the argument saved from a previous COMPILE-class command. If there is no stored argument, CREF prompts with an asterisk (*). You can use the following switches with the CREF command. Switch Function Switch Function /A Advances magtape by one file (may be repeated). /B Backspaces magtape by one file (may be repeated). /C Cancels SWITCH.INI switch defaulting. /D Permits default switches as for SWITCH.INI. /H Types this text. /K Kills user-defined symbol table listing. /M Suppresses user macro's, OPDEF's, symbol table. /O Lists the opcodes. 2-60 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CREF Command /P Preserves (does not delete) input files. /R Restarts listing and prompts for line number. /S Suppresses program listing and lists only symbol tables. /W Rewinds tape. /Z Indicates zero DECtape directory. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. Requires LOGIN. Examples Examples 1. Compile the files contained in the command file PROMAC and produce CREF listing files on the disk. .COMPILE/CREF@PROMAC FORTRAN: INPUT1 MAIN. FORTRAN: INPUT2 MAIN. Process and list the cross-referenced listing files produced by the COMPILE command. The argument is the stored argument that was used in the COMPILE command. .SET SPOOL LPT .CREF CREF:INPUT1 CREF:INPUT2 . 2-61 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CREF Command 2. Compile and load the files contained in the command file CONALL. Produce a loader map with the file name NAME and CREF files on disk. .LOAD/CREF/MAP:NAME@CONALL MACRO: HIGH MACRO: SHARE EXIT Assign the logical name LPT to magnetic tape unit 1. Store the CREF files on MTA1: to be output at a later time. .ASSIGN MTA1 LPT MTA261 ASSIGNED .CREF CREF: HIGH CREF: SHARE . 2-62 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CSTART Command CSTART Command CSTART Command Function Function The CSTART command begins executing the program from the beginning, or from the address you specify in the command, leaving your terminal at monitor level. The CSTART command is the same as the START command, except that it leaves your terminal at monitor level. Format Format CSTART addr addr Where: addr is the address at which execution is to begin if it is other than the location specified within the file (.JBSA). If you do not specify an address, the starting address comes from .JBSA (stored in the job data area). To use CSTART: 1. Use LOAD or GET to bring a program into memory. 2. Type one or two CTRL/Cs to halt your job with your terminal at monitor level. 3. Type CSTART to begin running the program from the beginning. 4. You can now type additional commands from your terminal if they do not require core, or you can detach your terminal from the job, using the DETACH command. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Requires core. Restrictions Restrictions This command should not be used if your program requests input from the terminal. This command is not available to batch users. 2-63 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CSTART Command NOTE The CSTART command allows the program to run from the beginning or from the specified address. If the program requires terminal I/O, the program will wait until you access user level with the START or CONTINUE commands. Then your terminal can accept output or provide input. Example Example This is a program to find all the numbers up to 10,000. .TYPE NUMBER.FOR N = 0 100 N = N + 1 IF(N .EQ. 10000) GO TO 300 WRITE(22,201) N GO TO 100 201 FORMAT(1X, I14, 'IS BETWEEN 1 AND 10000') 300 STOP 'DONE' END Execute the program. .EXECUTE NUMBER.FOR FORTRAN:NUMBER NUMBER LINK:LOADING [LNKXCT NUMBER EXECUTION] ^C ^C Type two CTRL/C's to halt the program. Type CSTART. .CSTART Type CTRL/T for job status. CTRL/T does not echo on your terminal. DAY: :07:20 RUN: :01:00 RD:1093 WR:21 NUMBER 4+15P RN* PC000200 The status message RN* indicates the NUMBER program is running. 2-64 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS CSTART Command Detach from the job to do work on another job. .DETACH FROM JOB 19 . . . Later, attach to your original job. .ATTACH 19 [27,5434] PASSWORD: Type CONTINUE to return to user level. System message (see NOTE). .CONTINUE ?PLEASE TYPE ^C FIRST Type CTRL/C and CONTINUE, to access user level. .^C .CONTINUE DONE END OF EXECUTION CPU TIME:4:6.88 ELAPSED TIME:5:30.97 EXIT . Program message indicates execution is finished. The file containing data from this program is named FOR22.DAT, and is stored in your default disk area. NOTE It is necessary to type CTRL/C to re-enter user level, because the program is running. The program must be interrupted so that your terminal can access it. 2-65 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DAYTIME Command DAYTIME Command DAYTIME Command Function Function The DAYTIME command prints the date and the time of day, in the following format: wkdy dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss wkdy Where: wkdy is the name of day of the week dd dd is the day of the month mmm mmm is the name of the month yy yy is the year hh hh is the hour mm mm is the minute ss ss is the second to the nearest hundredth Format Format DAYTIME Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not require LOGIN. Does not destroy your core image. Example Example .DAYTIME MONDAY 29-FEB-88 16:46:42 . 2-66 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DDT Command DDT Command DDT Command Function Function The DDT command starts DDT, the dynamic system debugger. If DDT is already loaded with your core image, DDT starts at the address given by the right half of .JBDDT in the Job Data Area. (The Job Data Area stores information pertinent to your job. It is _______ _______ _____ ______ described in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.) If DDT is not yet loaded, the monitor tries to merge a special version of DDT (called VMDDT) into the address space starting at location 700000. If DDT is not yet loaded and the monitor cannot read in VMDDT, it prints the message: ?NO START ADDRESS. The monitor will not read in VMDDT if your core image is execute-only. The DDT command copies the saved program counter value into .JBOPC and starts the program at an alternate entry point specified in .JBDDT (beginning address of DDT as set by the monitor). DDT contains commands to allow you to start or resume at any desired address. If your job was executing a monitor call when interrupted (at monitor level and not in TTY input wait or SLEEP mode), the monitor sets a status bit (UTRP) and continues the job at the location where it was interrupted. When the monitor call processing is complete, the monitor clears the status bit, sets .JBOPC to the address following the monitor call, and then traps to the DDT address found in .JBDDT. If your job is at monitor level and in TTY INPUT WAIT or SLEEP mode, the trap to the DDT address occurs immediately and .JBOPC contains the address of the monitor call. If your job is at user level, the trap also occurs immediately. Therefore, it is always possible to continue the interrupted program after trapping to DDT by executing a JRSTF @.JBOPC. (For additional information on the DDT program, refer to the _______ ___ ______ TOPS-10 DDT Manual.) Format Format DDT 2-67 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DDT Command Characteristics Characteristics Places your terminal at user level. If .JBDDT is zero, the monitor will merge SYS:VMDDT.EXE at location 700000. Example Example The following example shows how the DEBUG and DDT commands are used. Begin by writing a simple program with a spelling (syntactical) error. .TYPE TEST.MAC TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! \ TEST: JCLF RESET OUTSTR HIMSG MONRT. END TEST Use DEBUG to compile and load the program: .DEBUG TEST.MAC MACRO: TEST LINK: LOADING ?LNKUGS 1 UNDEFINED GLOBAL SYMBOL JCLF 0 [LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION] DDT ^Z Loading showed that the program contained an error, which is then corrected by using the SOS editor to replace "JCLF" with the correct "JFCL". .SOS TEST.MAC EDIT: TEST.MAC *SJCLFJFCL. 600 TEST: JFCL *ES [DSKC:TEST.MAC] 2-68 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DDT Command After correcting the file, reload the program, again using DEBUG. .DEBUG TEST.MAC MACRO: TEST LINK: LOADING [LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION] DDT ^Z The debugger successfully loaded the program; no errors were detected. The new TEST.REL file automatically supersedes the old .REL file. Next, save the core image of the loaded program, and begin execution. .SAVE TEST TEST SAVED .START HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! The program ran successfully. However, when you try to run the program again with the CONTINUE command, the command fails. No provision has been made for rerunning the program. .CONTINUE ?ILLEGAL UUO AT USER PC 013303 Start the debugger, using the DDT command: .DDT DDT 13303/ 0 ^ TEST+3/ MONRT. PAT../ 0 JRST TEST ^Z While running DDT, alter the core image of the program: since the error was reported at address 13303 (octal), examine that address. Then type an uparrow (^) to see the previous line, which is the last line of program code. Then type a line-feed () to see the next line. "PAT.." is on the next line. Here, insert the call "JRST TEST," then exit DDT. Next, start the program: .START HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! 2-69 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DDT Command Then CONTINUE the program. The execution is successful. .CONTINUE HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! Finally, edit the file with the changes made to the core image: .SOS TEST.MAC EDIT:TEST.MAC *P^:* 100 TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM 200 SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM 300 400 HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! 500 \ 600 TEST: JFCL 700 RESET 800 OUTSTR HIMSG 900 MONRT. 1000 1100 END TEST *I950 950 JRST TEST *ES [DSKC:TEST.MAC] Load the program, begin execution, and rerun the program: .LOAD TEST.MAC LINK: LOADING EXIT .START HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! .CONTINUE HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! . Execution is successful. 2-70 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEALLOCATE Command DEALLOCATE Command DEALLOCATE Command Function Function The DEALLOCATE command removes a volume set from your job's list of allocated resources. DEALLOCATE implies a DISMOUNT of the specified resource. The logical name for the volume set is cleared, and you will not be able to use that logical-name to refer to the volume set. Format Format DEALLOCATE resource-name,resource-name... resource-name Where: For disk volume sets, the resource-name is the volume set-name or the structure name. resource-name For tape volume sets, the resource-name is the logical name. DEALLOCATE has one switch: /HELP Prints a short description of the command. If you specify an argument with this switch, the argument will be ignored. Associated Commands Associated Commands ALLOCATE Informs the system of your future need for a resource. MOUNT Requests ownership of a resource. DISMOUNT Removes the resource from your job's search list. Dismounts the volume set from the unit if no other users are accessing the resource. SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources that are allocated and mounted for your job. SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of the jobs in the system queues. Characteristics Characteristics Runs the QUEUE program. Destroys your core image. Requires LOGIN. 2-71 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEALLOCATE Command Example Example The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE, MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands. The resources are reserved for a multivolume tape volume set with the ALLOCATE command. The name of the volume set is TAPE-SET, and it contains three volumes. The logical name TS is assigned to the tape set. The tape is write enabled, and it does not have standard labels. .ALLOCATE TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE/LABEL:NONE [ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUESTS #672] A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job: .MOUNT DSKR: [MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED] The job's resources are shown using the SHOW ALLOCATION command: .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 2-72 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEALLOCATE Command The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again displayed: .MOUNT TS [MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 After work is finished by accessing the tape set and the structure, the structure is dismounted. Because the structure was not explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated. .DISMOUNT DSKR [STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED] The tape volume set is dismounted: .DISMOUNT TS [VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED] The job's resources are displayed: .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 2-73 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEALLOCATE Command At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can be deallocated. The tape set is deallocated: .DEALLOCATE TS [VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 . 2-74 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEASSIGN Command DEASSIGN Command DEASSIGN Command Function Function The DEASSIGN command returns one or more devices currently assigned to your job to the monitor's pool of available devices and clears the logical names associated with them. If you are running an assembly-language program, and have an INITialized device, it is not returned to the system's pool unless you have issued a RELEASE or RESET monitor call; only the device's logical name is cleared. Format Format DEASSIGN dev: dev: Where: dev: is either the logical or the physical device name. This argument is optional. If you do not specify this argument, the system deassigns all devices from your job except your job's controlling terminal. Also, the system clears any logical name that might be associated with the controlling terminal. Associated Messages Associated Messages If you specify a nonexistent device, the monitor prints: ?NO SUCH DEVICE and leaves all current device assignments. If you specify a device that has never been ASSIGNed to your job, the monitor prints: ?devxxn WASN'T ASSIGNED and leaves all current job assignments. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not destroy your core image. Requires LOGIN. 2-75 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEASSIGN Command Example Example Assign a card reader to your job. Card reader number 1 is assigned. .ASSIGN CDR: CDR261 ASSIGNED Card reader number 1 is busy because it is assigned to your job. Show the devices that are busy. .SYSTAT B BUSY DEVICES: DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL TTY144 18 INIT TTY235 18 INIT LPT260 18 INIT LPT261 18 INIT LPT263 18 INIT CDR260 18 INIT CDR261 24 AS Deassign the card reader. .DEASSIGN CDR Again, show the busy devices. .SYSTAT B BUSY DEVICES: DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL TTY144 18 INIT TTY235 18 INIT LPT260 18 INIT LPT261 18 INIT LPT263 18 INIT CDR260 18 INIT Card reader 1 is not in the list of busy devices. Therefore, it is available to any user. 2-76 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command DEBUG Command DEBUG Command Function Function The DEBUG command compiles the specified source files, loads the resulting .REL files (if necessary), and prepares the loaded program for debugging. A system debugging program is loaded first, followed by your program, including local symbols. Upon completion of loading, the system transfers control to the debugging program. The debugging program that is used depends on the first file in the command string. If this file is a COBOL source file, COBDDT (the COBOL debugging program) is used. If the file is a FORTRAN source file, FORDDT is used. Generally, a program debugged with the DEBUG command requires more core to execute than the same program compiled with the EXECUTE command requires. Extra space is occupied by the debugging program and additional debugging information, such as local symbols. Each time the system executes a COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG command, the system stores the command argument in a temporary file. When you issue one of these commands without arguments, the system uses the arguments stored in the temporary file. (Refer to Appendix C). EXECUTE runs the COMPIL program before it runs the appropriate compiler and debugger. Format Format DEBUG file-spec file-spec Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of file specifications, separated by commas. The following switches can be used to modify the command string: Switch Function Switch Function /ALGOL Compiles the file with ALGOL. Assumed for files with the extension of .ALG. /BIN Generates a binary file for each file compiled. The file extension of the output file is .REL. This is the default action. /BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for files with the extension of .B10 and .BLI. 2-77 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command /C68 Runs the specified COBOL version. /C74 /COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for files with the extension of .CBL. /COMPILE Forces a compilation of this file even if a binary file exists with a newer date and time than the source file. This switch causes an extra compilation, because compilation is not normally performed if the binary file is newer than the source file. /CREF Produces a cross-referenced listing file on the disk for each file compiled for later processing by the CREF program. The file extension of the output file is .CRF. The file can then be listed with the CREF command. However, with COBOL files, the cross-referenced listing is always appended to the listing file. You must issue the CREF command to obtain the listing. /DDT Loads DDT and disregards the extension of the first file in the command string. This switch applies to all subsequent files. /DEBUG: Passes the specified arguments to FORTRAN. _______________ _______ ________ (arg, arg,...) Refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language ______ Manual. /DLIST Creates a .LST file in your disk area. You can list the file on the line printer with the PRINT command. /F10 Obsolete /F40 /F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and EXTERNAL statements. /FOROTS Obsolete /FORSE /FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler. Assumed for files with the extension .F4 and .FOR and all files with unrecognizable compiler extensions, if FORTRAN is the standard compiler. This switch is necessary if the file has a unrecognizable compiler extension and FORTRAN is not the standard compiler or is not the current default. 2-78 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command /FUDGE:file Creates a disk file containing the names of the .REL files produced by the command string. When the FUDGE switch is given, PIP reads this file to generate a library .REL file. (Refer to the FUDGE command description.) The argument to this switch is a valid file specification, as described in Section 1.9. /GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are to be stored in G-floating format. This format has an extended exponent range. This option is available on KL10 processors only. /K?10 Designates the processor where the program will execute after it has been loaded. These switches are necessary for FORTRAN-10 programs because the compiler generates different codes for different processors. The default is the processor where your program is running. The ? can be replaced by L or S. /LIBRARY Loads the file in library search mode. This mode causes a program file in a special library to be loaded only if one or more of its declared entry symbols satisfies an undefined global request in the source file. The system libraries are always searched. (See the LINK documentation.) /LIBRARY is the same as /SEARCH. /LINK Obsolete /LIST Generates a disk listing file for each file compiled. The file extension of the output file is .LST. These files can be listed later with the PRINT command. If the line printer is being spooled for this job, the listing files are written on device LPT: and are automatically spooled when you log out. /LMAP Produces a loader map during the loading process that contains the local symbols. /LOADER Obsolete /MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for files with the .MAC extension. 2-79 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command /MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for files with the .P11 extension. This switch is not supported. /MANTIS Compiles the file with the MANTIS debugging information. This switch affects FORTRAN-40 programs only. This switch is not supported. /MAP:file Produces a loader map during loading. The file name can be specified. If the file is not specified, the default is MAP.MAP. /NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from the experimental system library (device NEW:) area [1,5]. If the compiler does not exist on device NEW:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. /NOBIN Does not generate binary files. Binary files are generated unless you give this switch. This switch, when combined with the /LIST or /CREF switch, is useful when compiling programs solely for the purpose of generating a listing. /NOCOMPILE Complement to the /COMPILE switch, this switch does not force a compilation on a source file whose date is not as recent as the date on the binary file. This switch differs from the /REL switch, in that it turns off all compilation, even if the source file is newer than the .REL file. /NOCOMPILE is the default action. /NODEBUG Does not pass arguments that were previously specified to FORTRAN. /NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the default action. /NOMANTIS Compiles the file without the MANTIS debugging information. This switch affects FORTRAN-40 programs only. This switch is not supported. /NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object source code for FORTRAN programs. 2-80 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command /NOSEARCH Loads all routines of the file whether the routines are referenced or not. Because this is the default action, this switch is used only to turn off library search mode (/LIBRARY). The /NOSEARCH default is to search the system libraries. /OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from the system library of old programs (device OLD:), which resides on disk area [1,3]. If the compiler does not exist on device OLD:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. /OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object source code for FORTRAN programs. /PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for files with the .PAL extension. /PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for files with the .PAS extension. /REL Uses the existing .REL files although newer source files might be present. /SAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program. /SEARCH Loads the files in library search mode. The action is identical to that of the /LIBRARY switch. /SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from device DSK: instead of from the system library (device SYS:). This switch is useful if you keep a private copy of a compiler in your own disk area. /SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for files with the .SNO extension. This switch is not supported. /SSAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program in a sharable executable file. /SYS Runs the appropriate language processor from the system library (device SYS:) area of [1,4]. This is the default action. 2-81 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command Restriction Restriction A language processor appearing more than once within a single command string cannot specify more than one disk area. For example, the following is invalid: .DEBUG MAIN.MAC/SELF,PART1.MAC/OLD However, the following is valid: .COMPILE MAIN.MAC/SELF .COMPILE PART1.MAC/OLD .DEBUG /REL MAIN,PART1 Characteristics Characteristics Places your terminal at user level. Runs the appropriate processor, LINK, and the debugger, destroying your core image. Example Example The following example shows how the DEBUG and DDT commands are used. Begin by writing a simple program with a spelling (syntactical) error. .TYPE TEST.MAC TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! \ TEST: JCLF RESET OUTSTR HIMSG MONRT. END TEST Use DEBUG to compile and load the program: .DEBUG TEST.MAC MACRO: TEST LINK: LOADING ?LNKUGS 1 UNDEFINED GLOBAL SYMBOL JCLF 0 [LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION] DDT ^Z 2-82 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command Loading showed that the program contained an error, which is then corrected by using the SOS editor to replace "JCLF" with the correct "JFCL". .SOS TEST.MAC EDIT: TEST.MAC *SJCLFJFCL. 600 TEST: JFCL *ES [DSKC:TEST.MAC] After correcting the file, reload the program, again using DEBUG. .DEBUG TEST.MAC MACRO: TEST LINK: LOADING [LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION] DDT ^Z The debugger successfully loaded the program; no errors were detected. The new TEST.REL file automatically supersedes the old .REL file. Next, save the core image of the loaded program, and begin execution. .SAVE TEST TEST SAVED .START HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! The program ran successfully. However, when you try to run the program again with the CONTINUE command, the command fails. No provision has been made for rerunning the program. .CONTINUE ?ILLEGAL UUO AT USER PC 013303 Start the debugger, using the DDT command: .DDT DDT 13303/ 0 ^ TEST+3/ MONRT. PAT. ./ O JRST TEST ^Z 2-83 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command While running DDT, alter the core image of the program: since the error was reported at address 13303 (octal), examine that address. Then type an uparrow (^) to see the previous line, which is the last line of program code. Then type a line-feed () to see the next line. "PAT.." is on the next line. Here, insert the call "JRST TEST," then exit DDT. Next, START the program: .START HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! Then CONTINUE the program. The execution is successful. .CONTINUE HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! Finally, edit the file with the changes made to the core image: .SOS TEST.MAC EDIT:TEST.MAC *P^:* 100 TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM 200 SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM 300 400 HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! 500 \ 600 TEST: JFCL 700 RESET 800 OUTSTR HIMSG 900 MONRT. 1000 1100 END TEST *I950 950 JRST TEST *ES [DSKC:TEST.MAC] 2-84 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEBUG Command Load the program, begin execution, and run the program again: .LOAD TEST.MAC LINK: LOADING EXIT .START HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! .CONTINUE HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM! . Execution is successful. 2-85 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DECLARE Command DECLARE Command DECLARE Command Function Function The DECLARE command defines new monitor commands to run specified programs for your job. You can invoke any program with a user-defined command. When you define a command, the monitor searches your command table and then the monitor command table. Exact definitions are given precedence. An exact definition occurs if you type the complete, exact command name. Inexact definitions occur when a command is abbreviated. If there are conflicts within the exact definitions, your definitions are given precedence. To use abbreviations when typing a command, you can define "uniqueness" for a command. The monitor will behave as if the command had been given an exact definition. If conflicts arise, the monitor searches its own command table without searching your command table. Format Format DECLARE name/switch=filespec name Where: name is a command name of 1 to 6 alphanumeric characters. filespec filespec is the complete file specification of an executable program. There is no default filespec. /switch /switch is one of the optional switches listed below. Switches allowed by this command are: Switch Function Switch Function /AUTOPUSH Defines a command to automatically PUSH to a new, temporary context, in which the called program will run. When the program is completed, the original context is restored, and the temporary context is destroyed. NOTE Do not define the PATH or DECLARE programs with the AUTOPUSH switch. This is because the original context is restored and all changes made in the temporary context are destroyed when they finish running. 2-86 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DECLARE Command /CLEAR Clears all user-defined commands. Do not include a command name with this switch. /KILL Removes the definition of a command. Requires a command name. /LIST Lists the command names currently defined by your job. Do not include a command name with this switch. /UNIQUE:n Defines the number of characters in the command that must be typed to be interpreted as your definition and that cannot be overridden by a monitor command. The variable n can be 1, 2, 3, 4, ALL, NONE, or a list of these values separated by commas and enclosed in parentheses. /NOUNIQUE is the same as /UNIQUE:NONE. Characteristics Characteristics Requires LOGIN. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. Example Example Use DECLARE to define a command, LOOK, to run the SETSRC program. .DECLARE LOOK=SYS:SETSRC.EXE Use DECLARE to display your job's command list. Other commands in the following example were defined previously. .DECLARE/LIST EDIT DSR TAPE LOOK 2-87 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DECLARE Command Use the new command. Use CTRL/T to display the current state of your job, including the name of the program that is running. Note that, although CTRL/T is shown here, it does not echo on your terminal. .LOOK * Day: 1:02:23 Run: 0.13 Rd:32 Wr:0 SETSRC 4+OP T1 PC:002030 Input wait for TTY52: EXIT . 2-88 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DELETE Command DELETE Command DELETE Command Function Function The DELETE command deletes files. Because of protection codes associated with files, it is not usually possible to delete files in another user's directory. Once a file is deleted, it cannot be recovered. Format Format DELETE file-spec file-spec Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of file specifications, separated by commas. The full wildcard construction (* and ?) can be used in the file specification. (Refer to Section 1.11.) If you do not specify a device name or a file structure name, your job's search list is used. You can specify a directory name before the file names and that directory becomes the default for all subsequent files in that command line. If you specify a directory name after a file name, the directory applies only to that file. Characteristics Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Runs the PIP program. Requires LOGIN. Permanently deletes the file(s). Destroys your core image. 2-89 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DELETE Command Examples Examples 1. Delete all files with .MAC extension. .DELETE *.MAC FILES DELETED: DSKB:T1.MAC DSKB:T2.MAC DSKB:T3.MAC 14 BLOCKS FREED . 2. Delete the file TEST.FOR. .DELETE DSKC:TEST.FOR FILES DELETED: DSKC:TEST.FOR 3 BLOCKS FREED . 3. Delete all files with the file name TEST followed by 2 alphanumeric characters or less, and the extension .FOR. .DELETE TEST??.FOR FILES DELETED: DSKB:TEST1.FOR DSKB:TEST2.FOR DSKB:TEST22.FOR DSKB:TESTER.FOR 23 BLOCKS FREED . 2-90 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEPOSIT Command DEPOSIT Command DEPOSIT Command Function Function The DEPOSIT command deposits information in your core area (high or low segment). This function is useful for debugging programs. Format Format D lh rh addr lh Where: lh is the octal value to be deposited in the left half of the location. This argument is required. rh rh is the octal value to be deposited in the right half of the location. This argument is required. addr addr is the address of the location into which the information is to be deposited. This argument is optional. If you omit the address, the system deposits the data into the location following the address you specified in the last D command or into the location you looked at with your last E command. The command used is the one specified most recently. Characteristics Characteristics Requires LOGIN. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Requires core. Example Example Deposit in location 141. .D 266000 2616 141 Examine location 140. .E 140 000140/ 265720 40011 Because the address is omitted, the deposit made is in the location of the last E command (that is, location 140). .D 47000 1 2-91 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DEPOSIT Command Examine the location specified in the previous D command. .E 000140/ 047000 000001 . 2-92 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DETACH Command DETACH Command DETACH Command Function Function The DETACH command disconnects the terminal from your job without changing the status of your job. Your terminal is then free, so that you can start a new job, attach to another detached job, or cause your terminal to become a slave terminal for another job. Format Format DETACH Characteristics Characteristics Detaches your terminal. Does not destroy your core image. Requires LOGIN. Restrictions Restrictions This command is not available to batch users. Example Example Show the status of your job. .SYSTAT . 1 27,5434 TTY263 SYSTAT 6+7 ^C . System message shows that your terminal line number is 263. Detach your terminal. .DETACH FROM JOB 24 Show the status of your job. .SYSTAT . 1 27,5434 DET SYSTAT 6+7 ^C . System message shows your job is detached. 2-93 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command DIRECTORY Command Function The DIRECTORY command prints a list of the file names in a specified directory area. The standard output consists of the following information: file name, file name extension, length of the file in blocks, protection code, creation date, version number, account, structure name, and directory name. Format DIRECTORY output file-spec=input file-spec Where: input file-spec is a single file specification, or a string of file specifications separated by commas or plus signs. The devices used on input can be DSK:, DTA:, or MTA: If the device is a magnetic tape, the tape is rewound before and after the listing operation and analyzed to determine if it is a BACKUP tape. The default input specification is DSK:*.*, and the files in all file structures defined by your job's search list are listed. Generally, a device name, file name extension, or a directory name that precedes the file name becomes the default for all succeeding files in the list. output file-spec = This argument and the equal sign are optional. If you omit the entire output specification, the default is TTY:. If you do not specify an output device, the default device is DSK:. If you do not specify an output file name, and one is needed, the file name is generated from the time of day as hhmmss. The default output extension is .DIR. The full wildcard construction (* and/or ?) can be used in the input file-spec. When a wildcard designation is used, DIRECTORY limits its search for the file to certain directories. When you give a wildcard designation for a file name or extension, the program only searches the specified directory or your default directory. No additional devices, such as LIB: or SYS:, which might be in your default path, are searched. (Refer to Section _______ 1.14, and to the PATH monitor call description in the TOPS-10 _______ _____ ______ Monitor Calls Manual, for information about directory paths.) If you use the wildcard construction in the directory name, only the directories implied by the wildcard construction are searched. No additional directories are searched. 2-94 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command The following switches can be used in the command string. Generally, any switches can be used together in the same command string, unless the switches contradict one another. Switches that precede the file name become the default for all succeeding files in the same command line. You can abbreviate switches as long as the result is unique. This is not recommended for batch control files. Spaces are not permitted within a switch. Switch Function /ACCESS:n Updates the access date of any file of n blocks or less to the current date. Because some installations delete files that have not been recently accessed, this switch allows you to prevent such deletion by updating the files. n is a decimal number, and refers to the number of blocks written in the file unless the /ALLOC switch is also used. If you omit the /ACCESS switch, the system does not change the date. If you specify /ACCESS but you omit :n, 5 is assumed. /ACCOUNT Prints the account name associated with that file. The account you are logged in under is stored in the RIB of all files created or superseded. /ALLOCATED Lists the allocated length of the file instead of the written length. Space on a structure is sometimes allocated in units of more than one block for efficiency. Therefore, the number of blocks allocated to a file can be greater than the number of blocks actually written. The LOGOUT program uses the allocated length when checking quotas. The total allocated length of all files is the same as the length output by the QUOLST program under the USED column. Normally, when a file is created, the system allocates 30 blocks for it. Then the system deallocates unused blocks after file creation is complete. This switch is the complement to the /WRITTEN switch. /ANYDEVICE Searches all devices. /AUTHOR Prints the project-programmer number of the author of the file. 2-95 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /BEFORE:date-time Lists those files created before the specified date and time. Default is +infinity. Refer to Section 1.8.3. | | /BLOCKINGFACTOR:n Sets the number of disk blocks per tape block | read from tape. The default value is 4 for | compatability with tapes written by BACKUP | without blocking-factor capability. The | specified value must be in the range of 4 to | 96, and must be a multiple of 4 disk blocks. | Due to KS10 UNIBUS adapter limitations, the | maximum blocking-factor on a KS10 is 56. /BLOCKS Prints the length of the file in blocks. This is the default. Complement to /WORDS. /CHECKSUM Computes and prints an 18-bit checksum for each file. This checksum is computed by rotating the result to the left one bit before adding each word. Complement to /NOCHECKSUM. /COMPARE Suppresses headers and titles, as well as error messages in the output. This makes the output file suitable for comparison with another file (with FILCOM). Default is /NOCOMPARE. /DENSITY:n Uses the specified density when reading a magnetic tape. n is 200, 556, 800, 1600, or 6250 bpi. The default depends on your installation. You can change the default with the SET DENSITY command. /DETAIL Prints all available information about a file. The information includes: The full file specification for the file. The access date. The time and date of creation. The access protection code associated with the file. The data mode that the file is written in. The estimated length of the file. The blocks allocated for the file. The data block in the directory in which the file is located. The internal date and time of creation. The RIB block number. All numbers that are followed by a decimal 2-96 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command point are decimal values; all other numbers are octal. The project-programmer number associated with the file is printed only if it is not the same as that of the user who issued the DIRECTORY command. /DIRECT Provides ASCII-formatted output. This the default. Complement to /NODIRECT. 2-97 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /DSKONLY Searches all disk devices. /DTA Lists the directory in old DECtape form. /EOTS Stops at the logical end of tape (two consecutive tape marks) when reading a magnetic tape. This is the default. Complement to /NOEOTS. /ERLOG Enables automatic device error logging. Complement to /NOERLOG. /ERLOG is the default. /FAST Lists short form of directory: file name, extension, structure name, and directory name. Abbreviated to /F. Complement to /NORMAL and /SLOW. /FILES:n Stops after n files when reading a magnetic tape. If you specify /FILES but you omit :n, 5 is assumed. When the system reaches the logical EOT, it will stop reading the tape. /FIND Looks for the Find Files for the directory listing rather than the devices. A Find File is the binary output of a directory listing, and is created with the /FNDBLD switch. /FIND looks for the Find File in SYS:FNDDAT.FDF or .FPF. You can use the /FNDDAT switch to specify the file name of the Find File. /FLSDIR Prints each file's device and directory to the right of the first line of output for each directory. Complement to /NOFLSDIR, the default is /FLSDIR, unless /HDSDIR or /WIDTH is specified. /FNDBLD Creates Find Files from the DIRECTORY output. A Find File is the binary output from a DIRECTORY listing. Find Files are useful for archiving and retrieving files on magnetic tape. The file name of the Find File is that specified in the output specification of the command format. If you do not specify the output file name, the default is DSK:FNDDAT.FDF or .FPF. The files can later be accessed with the /FIND switch. The complement to /FDNBLD is /NOFDNBLD. /NOFNDBLD is the default. 2-98 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /FNDDAT:file Specifies the file name of the Find Files to be read for the directory listing. A Find File is the binary output for a directory listing, and is created with the /FNDBLD switch. You must use the /FIND switch with the /FNDDAT switch. /HDSDIR Prints the device and directory information of the file as a separate header line, immediately preceding the directory listing for each directory. Complementary to /FLSDIR. The default is /NOHDSDIR, unless /WIDTH and /NOFLSDIR are specified. /HELP:arg Prints DIRECTORY help text on your terminal. /HELP can be abbreviated to /H. Valid arguments are: TEXT, KEYWORDS, and SWITCHES. TEXT is the default argument; it prints the entire DIRECT.HLP file. The KEYWORDS argument (K) lists and describes all LOGIN switches which take keyword arguments. SWITCHES (S) briefly lists all DIRECTORY switches without explanations. Switches that have a single-letter abbreviation are prefixed with an asterisk. /INDIRECT Creates the output listing file in a format suitable for use as a command file to be input to other programs. /LENGTH:n:m Processes only files whose length is between n and m blocks. /LIST Queues the output to device LPT:. Abbreviated to /L. Refer to the LIST command for restrictions on this switch. /MARKS Indicates each tape mark and UFD when reading a magnetic tape. Complement of /NOMARKS. /MVOLUME When reading BACKUP and DUMPER magnetic tapes, asks the user to mount another reel when the end of tape is encountered in the middle of a save set. Complement to /NOMVOLUME, the default is /NOMVOLUME. /NOAUTHOR Does not print the project-programmer number of the author of the file. This is the default. Complement to /AUTHOR. 2-99 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /NOCHECKSUM Does not compute and print the checksum. This is the default. Complement of /CHECKSUM. /NOCOMPARE Prints the normal headers, titles, and error messages. Complement to /COMPARE, the default is /NOCOMPARE. /NODETAIL Does not print the words in the LOOKUP block. This is the default. Complement to /DETAIL. /NODIRECT Does not print the normal ASCII listing. Complement to /DIRECT, the default is /DIRECT. /NOEOTS Does not stop at the logical end of tape when reading a magnetic tape. Complement to /EOTS. /NOERLOG Does not enable automatic device error logging. /ERLOG is the compliment to /NOERLOG, and the default. /NOFIND Does not look for Find Files for the output. Complement to /FIND, the default is /NOFIND. /NOFLSDIR Does not print each file's device and directory to the right of the first line for each directory listed. Complement to /FLSDIR; the default is /FLSDIR, unless /HDSDIR or /WIDTH is specified. /NOFNDBLD Does not make a Find File from the output. Complement to /FNDBLD; the default is /NOFNDBLD. /NOHDSDIR Does not print the device and directory as a header for each directory listed. Complement to /HDSDIR, the default is /NOHDSDIR, unless /WIDTH is specified. /NOINDIRECT Does not format the output listing so that it can be used as input to a program. Complement to /INDIRECT, the default is /NOINDIRECT. /NOMARKS Does not indicate each tape mark and UFD when reading a magnetic tape. This is the default. Complement to /MARKS. 2-100 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /NOMVOLUME When using BACKUP or DUMPER, does not ask the user to mount another magnetic tape when the end of tape comes in the middle of a save set. Complement to /MVOLUME, the default is /NOMVOLUME. /NOPRDEVICE Does not print the device name. Complement to /PRDEVICE. /NOPRDIRECTORY Does not print the directory. Complement to /PRDIRECTORY. /NOPRVERSION Suppresses printing the version number of the files. The normal listing prints the version number only if it is not zero. Complement to /PRVERSION. /NORETRY Disables automatic error retry when reading a file. Generates error messages for soft errors. Complement to /RETRY, the default is /RETRY. /NOREWIND Does not rewind the tape before and after reading a magnetic tape. Complement to /REWIND. /NORMAL Prints the normal directory list. This list includes the file name, extension, length in blocks written, protection, creation date, structure name, nonzero version numbers, and directory name. Complement to /FAST and /SLOW. This is the default. Use this switch to override a /FAST or /SLOW in your SWITCH.INI file. /NOSORT Does not produce a file suitable for sorting. This is the default. Complement to /SORT. /NOSUMMARY Does not use summary mode. This is the default. Complement to /SUMMARY. /NOTITLE Does not print page headers. This is the default for output to the terminal. Complement to /TITLE. /NOUNITS Does not list the name of the actual disk unit; instead, just lists the structure name. This is the default. Complement to /UNITS. /OKNONE Suppresses the error message if no files match the wildcard construction. 2-101 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /OPTION:name Reads your option file (DSK:SWITCH.INI[,]) to determine your specified switch defaults for DIRECT. The name appearing as the value of the switch is the pointer to the line to read in the file. For example, if the file contains the line: DIRECT:ALL/DETAIL then you reference this line by typing the command: DIRECT/OPTION:ALL Refer to Appendix B for additional information. /PARITY:ODD Specifies the parity to be used when reading /PARITY:EVEN a magnetic tape. The default is :ODD. /PHYSICAL Ignores logical names. Refer to Section 1.9.1 for a description of logical names. /PRDEVICE Prints the name of the device for each file. /PRDIRECTORY Prints the name of the directory for each file. /PROTECTION:nnn Gives the output file the protection nnn (octal). Protection codes are discussed in Section 1.9.4. /PRVERSION Prints the version of each file. If you do not specify this switch, the default is to print the version only if it is not zero. The complement is /NOPRVERSION. /RETRY Enables automatic error retry when reading a file. Complement to /NORETRY, the default is /RETRY. /REWIND Rewinds the magnetic tape before and after reading it. This is the default. Complement to /NOREWIND. /RUN:file-spec Runs the specified program when this command is finished. /RUNOFFSET:n Runs the program specified with /RUN with an offset of n. If you omit the switch, the default is 0; if you omit the value, the default is 1. 2-102 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /SINCE:date-time Lists only those files created after the specified date and time. The default is January 1, 1964. Refer to Section 1.8.3. /SLOW Prints a full listing that includes the file name, extension, length in blocks written, protection, access date, creation time and date, structure name, and directory name. Equivalent to /S. Complement to /FAST and /NORMAL. (Disk and magnetic tape only.) /SORT Lists the file structure name and directory name for each file. The file structure name is output for every file if you do not specify a file structure name in the command string or if you specify generic DSK:. The wildcard construction is used in the directory name. TABs are space-filled to maintain a constant number of characters in any given line. Project-programmer numbers include leading zeros; the date is in ANSI format: 19721009 for Oct 9, 1972. Use this switch to prepare a file to be sorted by the SORT program. (See the COBOL documentation.) Complement to /NOSORT. /SUMMARY Prints only the summary line that indicates the total number of blocks and files. A /FAST/SUMMARY prints a /FAST listing followed by the summary. /TITLE Causes a heading to be output on each page consisting of a label for each column, date, time, and page number. Standard output to the line printer has this heading. Complement to /NOTITLE. /TMPCOR Lists the directory in old TMPCOR format. /UNITS Lists the name of the actual disk unit on which the files are stored instead of the file structure name. Complement to /NOUNITS. /WIDTH:n Prints several entries on a single line to make the output appear in columns. The default for n is the terminal carriage width. (See the SET TTY WIDTH command.) /WORDS Prints the length of the file in words instead of blocks. Complement to /BLOCKS. 2-103 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command /WRITTEN Prints the written length of the file rather than the allocated length. This is the default. Complement to /ALLOCATED. Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. Examples 1. List all files on DSKB:. .DIRECT DSKB: FILE DAT 220 <055> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKB: [27,5055] SWITCH INI 10 <057> dd-mmm-yy PROG MAC 5 <055> dd-mmm-yy . 2. List all files with extension .MAC in all file structures in your job's search list. .DIRECT *.MAC PROG MAC 5 <057> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKB:[27,5055] FILE MAC 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy 30(201) DSKC:[27,5055] . 3. List the directory entry for the file TEST.F4 in user area [27,4072]. .DIR TEST.F4[27,4072] TEST F4 6 <055> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKC:[27,4072] . 4. List all files in sub-file directory WIZZER.SFD in the [7,2] area on BLKT:. .DIR BLKT:[7,2,WIZZER] ATTA TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy BLKT:[7,2,WIZZER] NEW ALG 4 <055> dd-mmm-yy ALGOL DOC 20 <055> dd-mmm-yy . 2-104 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command 5. Show the switches to the DIRECT command. .DIRECT/HELP:SWITCHES DIRECT switches are: ACCESS, ACCOUN, *ALLOC, AUTHOR, CHECKS, COMPAR, DETAIL, DIRECT, DTA, EOTS, ERLOG, *FAST, FILES, FIND, FLSDIR, FNDBLD, FNDDAT, HDSDIR, *INDIR, *LIST, MARKS, MVOLUM, *NORMA, PRDEVI, PRDIRE, PRVERS, RETRY, REWIND, SBRMSG, *SLOW, SORT, SUMMAR, TITLES, TMPCOR, UNITS, *WIDTH, WORDS, WRITTE Standard switches are: ABEFOR, ALLOCA, ANYDEV, APPEND, ASCII, ASINCE, BEFORE, BINARY, BLOCKS, BYTESI, BUFFER, CONTIG, DATAMO, DELETE, DENSIT, DSKONL, ERNONE, ERPROT, ERSUPE, ERUID, ESTIMA, EXIT, FIXED, FRAMES, *HELP, IMAGE, IOMODE, LENGTH, LIB, MACY11, MECY11, MESSAG, NEW, NOOPTI, OKNONE, OKPROT, OKSUPE, OKUID, OPTION, PARITY, PBEFOR, PHYSIC, PRINT, PROTEC, PSINCE, QUERY, RECSIZ, RECFOR, RUN, RUNCOR, RUNOFF, SCERRO, SCWILD, SINCE, STRS, SUBMIT, SYS, TELL, TMPFIL, VARIAB, VERSIO . 6. Create an output listing file in a format suitable for input to other programs. . .DIRECT OUT.FIL/INDIRECT=*.TXT Total of 10 files . .TYPE OUT.FIL DSKB:MAIL.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:OPRGD.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:MCO.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:RDH.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:MSRDH.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:MSDPM.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:INITIA.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:STEVS.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:SPIDER.TXT[10,5763] DSKB:BARRY2.TXT[10,5763] . 2-105 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command hl2 DISABLE Command Function The DISABLE command disables the POKE, SPY, and other privileged monitor calls that were enabled when you first logged in or when you used the ENABLE command. When you log in, your privileges, if any, are enabled by default. Format DISABLE Characteristics Does not destroy your core image. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not change privileges associated with being [1,2] or on the operator's terminal. Requires LOGIN. Example Run FILDDT. .R FILDDT Look at monitor memory. Privileges are required to examine address 41. FILE: /M 41/ JSR 3600 C The contents of 41 are shown, indicating your job has privileges enabled. Disable the privileges: .DISABLE Run FILDDT. .R FILDDT 2-106 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DIRECTORY Command When you attempt to examine address 41, the contents are not revealed. 0 is printed. FILE: /M 41/ 0 ^C Enable your privileges. .ENABLE Again, examine memory with FILDDT. Your job's privileges have been reinstated. .R FILDDT FILE: /M 41/ JSR 3600 ^C . 2-107 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DISMOUNT Command DISMOUNT Command Function The DISMOUNT command relinquishes ownership of a device. It does not affect your allocation requests, if you have used the ALLOCATE command, and you can MOUNT the device again. Once you have dismounted a volume set, the device is available to other users. However, if the resource was not allocated with the ALLOCATE command DISMOUNT performs an implicit DEALLOCATE. If you used the ALLOCATE command for the resource, the DISMOUNTed resource remains in an allocated state until you issue the DEALLOCATE command. Once you have dismounted a volume set, your programs can no longer reference the resource by the logical name except with the MOUNT and DEALLOCATE commands. Format DISMOUNT resource-name/switch,resource-name/switch,... Where: For disk volume sets, the resource-name is the volume set-name or the logical name. For tape volume sets, the resource-name is the logical name. You can use the following switches in the command string: Switch Function /HELP Prints a short description of the command. If you specify any resource names with this switch, they will be ignored. /NONOTIFY Does not set the system to notify your job when the dismount is complete. This is the default function if you have not specified /NOWAIT. /NOTIFY Sets the system to notify your job when the dismount is complete. If you specify /NOWAIT, this is the default function. /NOWAIT Allows your job to return to monitor level before the dismount is complete. This implies /NOTIFY. /REMOVE Removes the specified file structure from your job's search list. If no other jobs are accessing the structure, and if it is not a system 2-108 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DISMOUNT Command structure, the operator physically dismounts it. 2-109 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DISMOUNT Command /WAIT Holds your job until the dismount is complete. This is the default function. Associated Commands ALLOCATE Informs the system of your future need for a resource. DEALLOCATE Removes the resource from your job's list of allocated resources. If the resource has not been dismounted, DEALLOCATE dismounts it. MOUNT Requests ownership of the resource(s). SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources that are allocated and mounted for your job. SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of the requests in the system queues. Characteristics Runs the QUEUE program. Destroys your core image. Requires LOGIN. Examples 1. The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE, MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands. The resources are reserved for a multivolume tape volume set with the ALLOCATE command. The name of the volume set is TAPE-SET, and it contains three volumes. The logical name TS is assigned to the tape set. The tape is write enabled, and it does not have standard labels. .ALLOCATE TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE /LABEL:NONE [ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUESTS #672] A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job: .MOUNT DSKR: [MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED] 2-110 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DISMOUNT Command The job's resources are displayed using the SHOW ALLOCATION command: .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN -------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again displayed: .MOUNT TS [MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN -------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 After work with the tape set and the structure is finished, the structure is dismounted. Because the structure was not explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated. .DEALLOCATE DSKR [STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED] 2-111 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DISMOUNT Command The tape volume set is dismounted: .DISMOUNT TS [VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED] The job's resources are displayed: .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN -------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can be deallocated. The tape set is deallocated: .DEALLOCATE TS [VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN -------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 . 2-112 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DISMOUNT Command 2. In this example, you knew that the job was the only one using the structure BLKJ: and included a /REMOVE switch, so that the operator would remove the disk pack from the drive. The message "BLKJ DISMOUNTED" means that BLKJ: is no longer in your search list, and that a request has been queued to the operator to remove the pack from the drive. The message does not mean that BLKJ has already been physically removed. Because this command implies /NOWAIT, you will not receive notification of the physical removal of the disk pack. .DISMOUNT BLKJ/REMOVE [BLKJ DISMOUNTED] 3. The following DISMOUNT/WAIT command causes the job to suspend further processing until all pending dismount requests from it have been completed. There were no pending dismount requests from this job, so the job returns to monitor level immediately. .DISMOUNT/WAIT NONE PENDING FOR YOUR JOB . 2-113 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DSK Command DSK Command Function The DSK command prints disk usage figures for all disk I/O performed since the last DSK command, followed by the total amount of disk I/O performed since the job was started. Disk usage is printed in the following format: RD,WT=i,j RD,WT=m,n Where: i and j are the incremental number of 128-word blocks read and written since the last DSK command. m and n are the total number of 128-word blocks read and written since the job started. NOTE i and j are kept modulo 4096. If you enabled automatic READ or WRITE output, using the SET WATCH command, i and j are usually zero, because SET WATCH resets these values. CTRL/T also resets these values. Format DSK job Where: job is the number of the job for which you want the disk usage. This argument is optional. If you include the job number in the command string, only the total statistics (m and n above) are printed. If the job-number is omitted, the system prints the disk usage figures for your job. Characteristics Requires LOGIN. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not destroy your core image. 2-114 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS DSK Command Example Print the disk usage values for your job. .DSK RD,WT=5,10 RD,WT=474,12 Print the total disk usage values for job 50. .DSK 50 RD,WT=474,12 2-115 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ENABLE Command ENABLE Command Function If you are not a privileged user, this command has no effect. However, if you are a privileged user (that is, you have the privilege word set in ACTDAE.SYS) you can turn your privileges off with the DISABLE command, and you can turn your privileges on with the ENABLE command. Your privileges are enabled automatically when you log in. Privileges allow you to use privileged monitor calls such as POKE and SPY. Format ENABLE Characteristics Does not destroy your core image. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not affect privileges associated with [1,2] or with being on the operator's terminal (OPR:). Example Run FILDDT. Look at memory area. Examine address 41. Privileges are required to examine this location. .R FILDDT FILE: /M 41/ JSR 3600 ^C Disable your privileges: .DISABLE Run FILDDT. Examine 41. Your privileges are disabled; therefore, 0 is printed rather than the contents of 41. .R FILDDT FILE: /M 41/ 0 ^C 2-116 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS ENABLE Command Enable your privileges: .ENABLE Again, examine memory. The contents of 41 are displayed. .R FILDDT FILE: /M 41/ JSR 3600 ^C . 2-117 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EOF Command EOF Command Function The EOF command writes an end-of-file mark on the specified magnetic tape. This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running the PIP program. Format EOF MTxn: Where: MTxn: specifies the magnetic-tape unit. More than one magnetic-tape unit can be specified in the command string by separating the specifications with commas. Refer to Section 1.9.1 for a description of device name formats. Characteristics Requires LOGIN. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. Example Write end-of-file mark on magnetic tape MTA2:. .EOF MTA2: . 2-118 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXAMINE Command EXAMINE Command Function The EXAMINE command displays a core location in your area (high or low segment). The contents of the location are typed out in half-word octal mode. This command is useful when debugging programs. Format E addr Where: addr is the address of the location being examined. The address is required the first time the EXAMINE command is used. If you omit the address, the system will examine the next location. If the previous command was a deposit, the system will examine the location of the deposit. Characteristics Requires LOGIN. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Requires core. Example Examine location 140. .E 140 000140/ 000000 000000 Examine the next location, 141. You do not need to specify the address for a consecutive location. .E 000141/ 000000 000000 Deposit 1 in location 141. You can omit the address because the DEPOSIT command will use the location of the last EXAMINE command. .D 0 1 2-119 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXAMINE Command Examine the same location, 141. You do not need to specify the address. The EXAMINE command will use the location of the last DEPOSIT command. .E 000141/ 000000 000001 2-120 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXECUTE Command EXECUTE Command Function The EXECUTE command compiles the specified source files, if necessary, loads the generated REL files into core, and begins execution of the program. The system determines the proper language compiler to use from the source file extensions or from switches you specify in the command string. (Refer to the COMPILE command.) If a .REL file already exists with a newer date than that of the source file, the system does not compile the file unless you request this explicitly with a switch. This command is equal to issuing the LOAD and START commands. Each time you issue a COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG command, the system remembers the command with its arguments in a temporary file on disk or in core. Therefore, when you issue one of these commands without specifying any arguments, the system uses the arguments that it saved in the temporary file. (Refer to Appendix C.) The EXECUTE command accepts several command constructions: the @ construction (indirect commands), the + construction, the = construction, and the < > construction. Refer to Appendix C for a complete description of each of these constructions. This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running the appropriate language compiler for LINK. Format EXECUTE file-spec Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of file specifications separated by commas. A file specification consists of a device name, a file name with or without an extension, and a directory name. (Refer to Section 1.9.) You can use the following switches to modify the command string. These switches can be temporary or permanent switches unless otherwise stated. (Refer to Section 1.8.4.) 2-121 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXECUTE Command Switch Function /ALGOL Compiles the file with ALGOL. Assumed for files with the extension of .ALG. /BINARY Generates a binary file for each file compiled. The file name for the binary file follows the standard conventions for determining the name of the output file. (Refer to the COMPILE command.) The file name extension is .REL. This is the default action. /BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for files with the extension of .b10 or .bLI. This switch is not supported. /C68 Runs the appropriate COBOL compiler. /C74 /COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for files with the extension of .CBL. /COMPILE Forces a compilation of this file even if a binary file exists with a newer date and time than the source file. You can use this switch to obtain an extra compilation (for example, to obtain a listing) because the system does not perform compilation if the binary file is newer than the source file. /CREF Produces a cross-referenced listing file on the disk for each file compiled, for later processing by the CREF program. The file extension of the output file is .CRF. You can then list the files using the CREF command. However, with COBOL files, the system appends the cross-referenced listing to the listing file. /DDT Loads the program debugger DDT with the program. /DEBUG:(arg, arg,...) Passes the arguments to FORTRAN. Refer to the _______________ _______ ________ ______ TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language Manual. /DLIST Produces a .LST file in your directory area. You can output the file to the line printer with the PRINT command. /F40 Obsolete /F10 2-122 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXECUTE Command /F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and EXTERNAL statements. /FOROTS Obsolete /FORSE /FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler. Assumed for files with the extension of .F4 and .FOR and all files with nonrecognizable compiler extensions if FORTRAN is the standard compiler. You need to specify this switch if the file has a nonrecognizable compiler extension and FORTRAN is not the standard compiler or is not the current default. (For example, EXE/ALGOL FIL1, FIL2, FIL3/FORTRAN). /FUDGE: Creates a temporary file that contains the names file-spec of the .REL files produced by the command string plus the library file name. When you issue the FUDGE command, PIP reads this temporary file to generate a library .REL file. (Refer to the FUDGE command description.) The argument to this switch is: dev:file.ext[proj,prog] Where: dev: is the device on which to write the file. If you omit the device, the system assumes DSK. file.ext is the name of the library file. The file name is required. If you omit the extension, the system assumes .REL. [proj,prog] is the directory in which to place the file. Your directory is assumed if you do not specify a directory. This switch is permanent in the sense that it pertains to all .REL files generated by the command string. /GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are to be stored in G-floating format. This format has an extended exponent range. This option is available on KL-10 proessors only. 2-123 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXECUTE Command /K?10 Designates the processor where the program will execute once it has been loaded. The variable (?) can be L or S. These switches are necessary for FORTRAN-10 programs because the compiler generates different code for the processors. The default is the processor on the computer executing the command. /LIBRARY Loads the files in library search mode. This mode causes a program file in a special library file to be loaded only if one or more of its declared entry symbols satisfies an undefined global request in the source file. The system libraries _______ ____ are always searched. (See the TOPS-10 LINK _________ ______ Reference Manual.) /LINK Obsolete /LIST Generates a listing file for each file compiled. The extension of the output file is .LST. The system automatically spools it when you log out. The complement of this switch is /NOLIST. /LMAP Produces a loader map during the loading process containing the local symbols. /LOADER Obsolete /MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for files with extensions of .MAC. /MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for files with extensions of .P11. This switch is not supported. /MANTIS Compiles the file with MANTIS debugging information. This switch affects Fortran-40 files only. This switch is not supported. /MAP Produces loader maps during the loading process. When this switch is encountered, a loader map is requested from the loader. After the library search of the system libraries, the map is written in your disk area with either the file name specified by you (for example, /MAP:file) or the default file name nnnLNK.MAP. This switch is an exception to the permanent switch rule in that it causes only one map to be produced even though it appears as a permanent switch. 2-124 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXECUTE Command /NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from the experimental system library (device NEW:) area [1,5]. If the compiler does not exist on device NEW:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. (Refer to the Restriction.) /NOBINARY Does not generate binary files. Unless you issue this switch, the system generates binary files. This switch, when combined with the /CREF or /LIST switch, is useful when you compile programs solely for the purpose of generating listings. /NOCOMPILE Does not force a compilation on a source file whose date is not as recent as the date on the binary file. This switch is not the same as the /REL switch, which turns off all compilations, even if the source file is newer than the .REL file. Complement to the /COMPILE switch. /NOCOMPILE is the default action. /NODEBUG Does not pass previously specified arguments to FORTRAN. /NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the default action. /NOMANTIS Compiles the file without MANTIS debugging information. This switch affects Fortran-40 programs only. This switch is not supported. /NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object code of FORTRAN programs. /NOSEARCH Loads all routines of the file whether the routines are referenced or not. Because this is the default action, this switch is used to turn off library search mode (/LIBRARY). /OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from the system library of old programs (device OLD:) which resides on the disk area [1,3]. If the compiler does not exist on device OLD:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. (Refer to the Restriction.) /OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object code of FORTRAN source programs. /PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for files with the .PAL extension. 2-125 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXECUTE Command /PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for files with the .PAS extension. /REL Uses the existing .REL files although newer source files might be present. /SAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program. /SEARCH Loads the files in library search mode. The action is identical to that of the /LIBRARY switch. /SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from device DSK: instead of from the system library (device SYS:). This switch is useful if you keep a private copy of a compiler in your own disk area. (Refer to the Restriction.) /SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for files with an extension of .SNO. This switch is not supported. /SSAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program in a sharable executable file. /SYS Runs the appropriate language compiler from the system library (device SYS:) area [1,4]. This is the default action. Restriction You cannot specify compilers from different structures in the same command string. For example, the following is invalid: .EXECUTE PARTA.FOR/NEW,PARTB.FOR/OLD However, the following is valid: .COMPILE PARTA.FOR/NEW .COMPILE PARTB.FOR/OLD .EXECUTE/REL PARTA,PARTB Characteristics Requires LOGIN. Places your terminal at user level. Runs the appropriate compiler or assembler and linking loader, destroying your original core image. Starts the execution of the compiled and loaded program. 2-126 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS EXECUTE Command Example Type out a test program. .TYPE PROG.FOR TYPE 10 10 FORMAT (' TESTING EXECUTION') END Execute the program. .EXECUTE PROG.FOR FORTRAN: PROG MAIN LINK: LOADING [LNKXCT PROG EXECUTION] TESTING EXECUTION END OF EXECUTION CPU TIME: 0.02 ELAPSED TIME: 0.05 EXIT . Message shows the time parameters of your job. 2-127 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FILE Command FILE Command Function The FILE command remotely controls DECtape-to-disk and disk-to-DECtape transfers on operator-handled DECtapes. NOTE The FILE command is not part of the standard system. Your site must run OMOUNT explicitly to make the FILE command usable. There are seven functions that can be performed by the FILE command. Format Function FILE C Check FILE D Delete FILE F File FILE L Read FILE R Retrieve FILE W Wait FILE Z Zero The C and W functions are the only requests that are performed immediately. Your terminal and job are free to proceed before the request is completed, except for batch jobs, which cannot continue until execution is complete. Formats 1. FILE C Checks the queue of FILE requests to determine if any of your requests are still pending. There is no argument to the command in this format. Pending requests for your job will be printed on your terminal. 2. FILE D,tape-id,file.ext,file.ext,... Deletes the specified files from DECtape. This command requires tape identification and a list of file names as arguments. The tape-id is a 1- to 6-character alphanumeric name that identifies the tape. After the files are deleted, an automatic FILE L is performed. 2-128 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FILE Command 3. FILE F,tape-id file-spec,file-spec,... Copies the specified files onto the specified DECtape. This command requires a tape identification and list of file specifications as arguments. The file specifications can include an explicit file structure name and project-programmer number so that you can copy files from a disk area other than your own. You do not have to specify the device and project-programmer number of subsequent file specifications if they do not change. That is, you must specify the programmer number (for example, [,104]) if the file to be copied has the same project number as yours and you must specify the project number ([41,]) if you are copying files from another project. The protection of the disk file is checked to see if the file can be read. In addition, the protection of the DECtape directory file (tape-id.DIR) is checked to see if you can update it. If there is not enough room on the DECtape to copy an entire file, that portion (if any) that has been written so far is deleted and an error message is placed in the directory file. When the files have been successfully copied, an automatic FILE L is performed. When the wildcard construction is used with the FILE F and FILE Z commands, your job's entire search list is used. That is, all files matching the construction are transferred from all structures in the search list. In most cases you do not need to specify which file structures the files are on because UMOUNT determines this (with LOOKUPs) and passes the information to OMOUNT. With the FILE F and FILE Z functions, if a file structure is not specified and the specified file exists on more than one structure, the first one in your search list is copied. 4. FILE L,tape-id Reads the directory of a DECtape and writes it into your disk area as an ASCII file with the file name tape-id.DIR. The file is placed on the first file structure that can be written on in your search list, as long as that structure has an area that matches your project-programmer number. Tape-id is a 1- to 6-character alphanumeric name that is used to identify the tape. You can then print the directory on your terminal with the TYPE command. The format of the DECtape directory is similar to the directory file written by the DIRECTORY command. If errors occur while the FILE command is being processed, the system writes error messages into the directory file tape-id.DIR. 2-129 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FILE Command 5. File R,tape-id,dev:file.ext,dev:file.ext... Transfers the specified files from your DECtape to the disk. This command requires tape-id and a list of file names as arguments. If the specified files already exist in the disk area, they are superseded, if their protection code allows it. If the specified files do not exist, they are created on the first file structure in your job's search list for which creation is permitted. After files are transferred, an automatic FILE L is performed. If you have a search list containing multiple file structures, the asterisk construction (when used with the FILE R command) can cause files to be created rather than superseded. For the FILE R function, when no file structure is specified, the files are copied onto the first file structure in your search list on which you are allowed to create files. (Refer to the description of the SETSRC program.) When a file structure name is typed or implied, it becomes the new default. 6. FILE W Waits until all of your pending requests are processed before allowing your job to continue. If there are pending requests, the message "WAITING... TYPE 2 ^C'S TO EXIT" is printed on your terminal. Control returns to your job when all requests have been processed. You can type two CTRL/Cs if you decide not to wait. 7. FILE Z,tape-id,dev:file.ext[ppn],dev:file.ext[ppn]... Deletes the files in the directory of the DECtape before the files are copied and then performs the same operations as the FILE F command. This command requires tape-id and can have a list of file specification arguments. After the files are copied, an automatic FILE L is performed. When you use the wildcard construction with the FILE F and FILE Z commands, your job's entire search list is used. That is, all files matching the construction are transferred from all structures in the search list. 2-130 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FILE Command The wildcard constructions can be used, but generic DSK: can define many file structures; the specific file structure is chosen as follows: When you use the wildcard construction for the file name or extension, the first structure in your search list that you can access is used. If you do not use the wildcard construction and the file exists, the first file structure in the search list that contains the specified file is used, unless overridden by a default. (Refer to the examples.) If the file does not exist, the standard structure is used. Examples In the following examples, your search list is as follows: SORT:,DSKA:/NOCREATE,DSKB:,DSKC: You are user 10,3421, with UFDs on DSKA:, DSKB:, and DSKC:, and the file EX.1 exists on each of these three structures. User 10,4072 has the file EX.2 in his area on DSKB: and on DSKC:. 1. This command requests that the operator mount DECtape 1, that the file EX.1 in your area be copied onto it, that the file EX.2[10,4072] also be copied onto the DECtape, that a directory of the DECtape be written in your area, and that the operator dismount the DECtape. The directory is written on the first structure encountered in the search list that is both writable and on which you have a UFD. In the preceding example, you do not have a UFD on the first structure in your search list (SORT:), you cannot create new files on the second structure in your search list (DSKA:), and so the directory is written on the third structure in your search list (DSKB:). The file EX.1 on DSKA: will be copied only onto the DECtape because the copy on DSKA: was encountered first. The file DSKB:EX.2[10,4072] will be copied onto the DECtape because the copy on DSKB: was encountered first. .FILE F,TAPE1,EX.1,EX.2[10,4072] REQUEST QUEUED 1. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE1 DSKB:,DSKA0:EX.1,DSKB0:EX.2[10,4072] 1 COMMAND IN QUEUE . 2-131 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FILE Command 2. In this example, you specified that DSKC: be copied from both areas. DSKC: was typed only once because a device given in a file specification remains in effect for subsequent file specifications in the same command, unless another device is specified. When you omit the project number the default is your project-programmer number. Also the project-programmer number can be specified either before the file name (as in this example) or after the file name (as in the preceding example). .FILE F,TAPE2,DSKC:EX.1,[,4072]EX.2 REQUEST QUEUED 2. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE2 DSKB:DSKC0:EX.1,DSKC0:EX.2[10,4072] 2 COMMANDS IN QUEUE . The response from the FILE C command indicates to you which of your requests have not yet been processed. In this case, both of your requests are still pending. .FILE C 1. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE1 DSKB:,DSKA0:EX.1,DSKB0:EX.2[10,4071] 2. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE2 DSKB:,DSKC0:EX.1,DSKC0:EX.2[10,4072] 2 COMMANDS IN QUEUE . The FILE R command uses the same algorithm as the FILE F and Z command for determining the device on which to write the directory. The file EX.1 is written on the first file structure in your search list. The file EX.1 already exists on DSKA:, DSKB:, and DSKC:. DSKA: is NOCREATE, so the file EX.1 is written onto DSKB, superseding the EX.1 already on DSKB:. .FILE R,TAPE1,EX.1 REQUEST QUEUED 1. R JOB24 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE1 DSKB:,DSKB:EX.1 1 COMMAND IN QUEUE . 2-132 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FILE Command 3. When the wildcard construction is used, UMOUNT uses the entire search list to determine what files to copy for FILE F and FILE Z commands, whether or not you have a UFD on a particular structure. UMOUNT passes the construction, along with each structure in the search list, to OMOUNT. .FILE F,TAPE3,E?.* REQUEST QUEUED 2. F JOB24 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE3 DSKB:,SORT:E?.*,DSKA:E?.*,DSKB:E?.*,DSKC:E?.* DSKC:E?.* 2 COMMANDS IN QUEUE . 2-133 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FINISH Command FINISH Command Function The FINISH command terminates any input or output currently in progress on the specified device, closes any open files, and deassigns the device. This command completely disassociates a device from your job and prevents you from continuing the program. If you want to continue your program after ending I/O, use the DEASSIGN command instead of the FINISH command. Format FINISH dev: Where: dev: is the logical or physical name of the device on which I/O is to be terminated. This argument is optional. If dev: is omitted I/O is terminated on all devices, except your job's controlling terminal, and any logical name associated with the controlling terminal is cleared. Refer to Section 1.9.1 for a description of device names. Characteristics Requires LOGIN. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Requires core. Restrictions When running a program, you cannot continue your program after a FINISH if the device was initialized, but you can start the program from the beginning or enter DDT. 2-134 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FINISH Command Example Assign a card reader to your job. .ASSIGN CDR: Card reader number 1 is assigned. CDR261 ASSIGNED Show the devices that are busy. .SYSTAT B BUSY DEVICES: DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL TTY144 18 INIT TTY235 18 INIT LPT260 18 INIT LPT261 18 INIT LPT263 18 INIT CDR260 18 INIT CDR261 29 AS Card reader number 1 is busy because it is assigned to your job. Finish using the card reader. .FINISH CDR Again, show the busy devices. .SYSTAT B BUSY DEVICES: DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL TTY144 18 INIT TTY235 18 INIT LPT260 18 INIT LPT261 18 INIT LPT263 18 INIT CDR260 18 INIT . Card reader 1 is not in the list of busy devices. Therefore, it is available to other users. 2-135 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FUDGE Command FUDGE Command Function The FUDGE command creates a library .REL file from a temporary file generated by a previous COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG _______ command string containing the /FUDGE switch. (See the TOPS-10 ______ ______ _____ _______ ____ ____________ _________ MAKLIB User's Guide and the TOPS-10 LINK Programmer's Reference ______ Manual for descriptions of library .REL files.) The temporary file contains the library name and the list of .REL files which were entered by the previous command's /FUDGE switch. The FUDGE command runs PIP, which reads the list of .REL files and the library file name from the temporary file. PIP then copies the listed .REL files into the library file in the same order that they are listed in the temporary file. NOTE Unlike the COMPIL program's default action, the /FUDGE switch combines files in the order that you list them in the command line. The COMPIL program sorts files by compilers. COMPIL sorts mixed FORTRAN and MACRO programs so that all FORTRAN programs are compiled first and MACRO programs second. After you use the /FUDGE switch, you must issue the FUDGE command before you issue any other command that runs PIP (for example, TYPE and COPY). Otherwise, the library information in the temporary file will be superseded by the information generated by the other PIP command. Format FUDGE Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Runs the PIP program (at CCL offset). Destroys your core image. 2-136 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS FUDGE Command Example Compile the files PROG,NUMBER, and NUMB2. .COMPILE/FUDGE:LIBRAR PROG.FOR,NUMBER.FOR,NUMB2.FOR Create a file named LIBRAR that contains the .REL files generated by the COMPILE command. .FUDGE A DIRECTORY command shows the files created less than an hour ago, among them: LIBRAR.REL. .DIR/SIN:-1 PROG REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC:[27,5055] NUMBER REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy NUMB2 REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy LIBRAR REL 3 <055> dd-mmm-yy 2-137 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS GET Command GET Command Function The GET command loads a core image from a retrievable storage device but does not execute it. This command clears all of your core. However, programs should not count on this action and should explicitly clear those areas of core that are expected to contain zeros. (That is, programs should be self-initializing). This action allows programs to be restarted by a CTRL/C START sequence without another GET command. Format GET file-spec core/switch Where: file-spec is a file specification in the standard format. core is the amount of core you want to reserve for the program. The core argument is a decimal number followed by an optional K or P for blocks or pages, respectively. If you do not specify either K or P, K is assumed. If you do not specify a core argument, the default is the minimum amount of core needed to load the program. /switch is the following option: /USE:n Specifies the octal section number (n) in which a core image is loaded. Valid section numbers are 0-37, octal. (Note that the limit is 40 octal sections.) Characteristics Destroys your core image. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. 2-138 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS GET Command Example Load a program. .LOAD PROG.FOR FORTRAN: PROG MAIN. LINK: LOADING EXIT Save the executable format. .SAVE PROG SAVED Use GET to bring the program into memory. .GET PROG JOB SETUP START execution of the program. .START TESTING EXECUTION END OF EXECUTION CPU TIME: 0.02 ELAPSED TIME: 0.17 EXIT . 2-139 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS HALT Command HALT Command Function The HALT command (or CTRL/C) stops your job. Formats HALT (CTRL/C) CTRL/C echoes on your terminal as ^C. Characteristics Places your terminal at monitor level. Does not require LOGIN. Examples 1. Request a list of your directory. .DIR PATH1.RNO 3 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC:[27,5434] SWITCH.INI 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy CALC.^C ^C . Type two CTRL/Cs to halt output. 2. Execute a program. .EXECUTE PROG.FOR LINK: LOADING [LNKXCT PROG EXECUTION] ^^C ^^C . Two CTRL/Cs return you to monitor level, interrupting program execution. 2-140 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS HALT Command Use CCONTINUE to continue execution while remaining at monitor level. .CCONTINUE Use HALT to interrupt execution. (See NOTE below.) .HALT . Use CONTINUE to re-enter user level and continue program execution. .CONTINUE DONE END OF EXECUTION CPU TIME:6.12 ELAPSED TIME:45.73 EXIT . Program successfully completes execution. NOTE It is necessary to halt execution of a program if your terminal is to enter or leave user level. Therefore, you must issue a HALT or CTRL/C at monitor level, after you have used the CCONTINUE or CSTART commands, for your terminal to enter user level. 2-141 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS HELP Command HELP Command Function The HELP command prints information about system features on your terminal. You can select this information from the following file structures: HLP:, NEW:, OLD:, DOC:, and SYS:. Formats HELP Prints instructions for using the variations of the HELP command. HELP * Lists the names of features for which HELP is available, all the monitor commands, all site-specific commands, all user-defined (declared) commands, all the monitor SET commands, the monitor SET TTY commands, the terminal types supported by TOPS-10, and the SET WATCH commands. HELP name Where: name is the name of a feature or program for which the monitor has a HELP file. Only the first six alphanumeric characters are read by the HELP program. HELP dev:name Where: dev: is the file structure that the file is on. name is the name of the program or feature for which you want help. If the specified feature does not have a HELP file on the specified device, or if you do not specify the device, the devices are searched in the following order: HLP:, SYS:, NEW:, OLD:, DOC: You can change the search order by changing your job search list. Refer to the SETSRC command. 2-142 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS HELP Command You can use the asterisk wildcard construction (*) instead of the feature name, for information about all the HELP available on the specified device. (See examples.) You cannot use the asterisk (*) to specify the device name. | Because of the 6-character limit on file names, some of the help | file names can be cryptic. The file names for the commands | topics are fairly straightforward and, although truncated to | 6-characters, can be understood. (For example, PASSWO is the | help file for the PASSWORD command.) However, help files are | provided for such general topics as line continuation (LNCONT), | command switches (COMSWI), and directory paths (DIRPAT) and the | file names for these topics may be difficult to ascertain. These | general topics and their help file names are listed below: | | | _________________________________________________________________ | | Help file Topic | _________________________________________________________________ | | ATSIGN Indirect Commands (@ Construction) | ANGLEB The Angle-Bracket (< >) Construction | CHRCOD SIXBIT/ASCII Character Codes | CMDARG Command Arguments | COMSWI Compiler Switches | COMCMD Compile-Class Commands | CRDCOD ASCII Card Codes | DEFCOM The Default Compiler | DELKEY The DELETE Key | DEVHND Device-Handling Commands | DEVNAM Device Names | DIRNAM Directory Names | DIRPAT Directory Paths | DTARGS Date-Time Arguments | EQUAL The Equal (=) Construction | ERSNAM Ersatz Device Names | FILEXT File Name Extensions | FILHND File-Handling Commands | FILNAM File Names | FISPEC File Specification | FNCCMD Functional Groups of Commands | INFCMD Information Commands | JOBCTL Job-Control Commands | LIBS Libraries | LNCONT Line Continuation | LNKSWI LINK Switches | MICCTL MIC Commands | NETCMD Network Commands | NEWUSE Introductory Help to TOPS-10 Commands | PCODES Protection Codes 2-143 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS HELP Command | PLUS The Plus (+) Construction | PRGCTL Program-Control Commands | PRGPRE Program-Preparation Commands | RESPPN Reserved Project-Programmer Numbers | SERLST Search Lists | SWINI SWITCH.INI Files | SWITCH Command Switches | SYSDEF System Defaults | TEMFIL Temporary Files | TERCTL Terminal-Control and Terminal Communication | UCMNDS User-Definable Commands | WLDCRD Wildcard Constructions | | _________________________________________________________________ | | | The various SET commands have their own help files and they are | listed in the general-topic help file SET. Characteristics Does an autopush, so it preserves your core image. Runs the HELP program. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not require LOGIN. Example For information about the HELP command, type HELP. .HELP The HELP command prints information about the system on your terminal. Use one of the following constructions for specific information. .HELP Prints out this message. .HELP * Prints out the names of all subjects for which there is help. Use one of these subjects as the name in the next construction. HELP * also prints out the names of the system commands, the names of site-specific commands, the names of job-specific commands, the names of the SET commands, the names of the SET 2-144 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS HELP Command DEFAULT commands, the names of the SET TTY commands, the names of the SET WATCH commands, and the supported terminal types. .HELP name Prints all the information available about the subject "name". For example: .HELP DIRECT Prints information about the DIRECT command/program. 2-145 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS HELP Command .HELP lib:* Prints out the names of all subjects for which there is help available from the specified library device. The standard system library devices are: SYS: NEW: OLD: HLP: DOC: For example: .HELP NEW:* Prints a list of all the information available in NEW:. .HELP lib:name Prints information about the specified subject in the specified library. 2-146 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command INITIA Command Function The INITIA command sets the parameters for your terminal. This command is issued automatically at system startup on certain designated terminals. You can reissue the command at any time. This command also starts certain system programs, when issued from particular terminals. If you are logged in and you run INITIA, INITIA reads your SWITCH.INI file. Refer to Appendix B for a description of SWITCH.INI. Format INITIA arg arg ... Where: arg can be one of the following arguments. You can precede any of the following arguments with NO (except NORUN) to suppress a default setting. Argument Function ATTRIBUTES Prints the terminal attributes for this terminal. CHECK:keyword Sets your terminal type after requesting identification from your DEC terminal. The optional keyword is DEFAULT, meaning CHECK only if the current terminal type is the default type (usually TTY). HELP Prints information about INITIA command. KSYS Tells you when timesharing will end (if KSYS is set). NAME Prints the system name on your terminal. NAME is the default argument. NORUN Suppresses the execution of any default program. NOTICE Prints the general operator notice. 2-147 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command SETTTY Sets up your terminal characteristics or attributes. The SETTTY argument is required in order to set terminal characteristics from SWITCH.INI if you are logged in. When you are not logged in, INITIA reads terminal characteristics from SYS:TTY.INI automatically. SETTTY can be specified on the INITIA command line or in the SWITCH.INI file. STRUCTURES Prints any operator notices about mounted structures. TEXT Prints quick operator notice. TTY Prints the terminal characteristics for this terminal. Terminal Characteristics Arguments In addition to the above arguments, you can use the following arguments to INITIA SETTTY in your SWITCH.INI file. They are effective for any job that is logged in. Most of the following arguments are equivalent to an argument to a SET TTY command. Many of the arguments can be preceded by NO and a space to disable the defaults. These are included in the description of the function of the arguments. (Refer to Appendix B for details about using SWITCH.INI.) Each argument, equivalent SET TTY command, and function, is listed below. Argument Equivalent Command Function SETTTY None Must be present for the other INITIA terminal arguments to be effective. ALTMODE TTY ALTMODE Converts ALTmode codes 175 and 176 to the ESCape character. NO ALTMODE restores the individual identities of codes 175 and 176. BLANKS TTY BLANK Controls the output of blank lines. NO BLANKS suppresses the output of automatic, consecutive carriage returns at the end of output. 2-148 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command CRLF TTY CRLF Controls the automatic carriage return and line feed at the end of the terminal line. NO CRLF suppresses the automatic carriage return and line feed. DEBREAK TTY DEBREAK No longer supported. DEFER TTY DEFER Suppresses echoing to a video terminal until input is requested. NO DEFER allows characters typed to the system to be echoed when the terminal is idle. DISPLAY TTY DISPLAY Notifies the system that you have a display terminal. This characteristic can be used by programs that control output to the terminal. ECHO TTY ECHO Controls echoing to the terminal. ELEMENT:xxx TTY ELEMENT xxx No longer supported. FILL:x TTY FILL x Assigns filler class x to the terminal. FORM TTY FORM Controls the output of line-feeds for formfeed and vertical tab characters. NO FORM instructs the system to output the line-feeds. GAG TTY GAG Controls the reception of messages sent with the SEND command. NO GAG allows messages when your terminal is at user level. IDLEDISCONN n None Sets the maximum number of seconds your terminal can be idle before the system disconnects it. LC TTY LC Informs the system that your terminal has lowercase ability. NO LC changes all lowercase characters to uppercase. 2-149 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command LENGTH:xx TTY LENGTH n Sets the forms length of your terminal. LOCALCOPY TTY LOCALCOPY Does not require the system to echo characters to the terminal. LOCATE node None Changes the default device list of the job, making devices at other nodes available to your job. LOCATE is only valid in the SWITCH.INI and TTY.INI files. RCVSPEED:xxx TTY SPEED xxx nnn Changes the input speed of the terminal to be xxx. This argument affects the speed at which the monitor receives characters from your terminal. REMOTE TTY REMOTE Sets your terminal for accounts with remote or local access types. REMOTE is not recommended for use by non-privileged users because it can only be reversed by an operator [1,2]. RTCOMP TTY RTCOMP Controls the use of CTRL/R and CTRL/T. Refer to Section 1.6 for the function of these control characters. RTCOMP turns off the control characters. NO RTCOMP turns them on. SPEED:xxxx TTY SPEED xxxx Sets the speed of your terminal to xxxx baud. This construction sets the input and output speeds to be equivalent. SSIZE:n TTY [S]STOP n Sets the page length of your terminal. This controls the number of lines that are output to your terminal before an automatic stop. SSTOP TTY SSTOP Ignores CTRL/Q until output is stopped either automatically by the system, or by CTRL/S from the user. 2-150 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command STOP TTY STOP Stops output to the terminal automatically after page length is reached. SYSDPY None Runs the display-oriented SYSTAT program that is appropriate for your set terminal type. SYSDPY is only valid in the SWITCH.INI and TTY.INI files. TABS TTY TAB Informs the system that your terminal has tabular ability. NO TABS instructs the system to simulate tab stops. TAPE TTY TAPE Turns on the XON (CTRL/Q) and XOFF (CTRL/S) keys for paper tape reading. NO TAPE gives CTRL/Q and CTRL/S their normal function. TAPE is discussed _______ _______ _____ in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls ______ Manual. CTRL/S and CTRL/Q are discussed in Section 1.6. TERMINET None Sets tab spacing for a TERMINET-300. TYPE:xxxx TTY TYPE xxxx Informs the system that your terminal is of the type xxxx. UC TTY UC Changes all the characters input from your terminal to uppercase. WIDTH:xxx TTY WIDTH xxx Sets the width of the line on your terminal to xxx characters. XMTSPEED:xxx TTY SPEED nnn xxx Changes the output speed of your terminal. This argument affects the speed at which the monitor sends characters to your terminal. The arguments listed above are described more thoroughly in the description of the SET TTY command. 2-151 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command Terminal Attributes Arguments The following arguments to INITIA SETTTY set up the attributes of your terminal. Like the preceding terminal characteristics arguments, you can use the following arguments in your SWITCH.INI file. Unlike the terminal characteristics arguments, most of the following terminal attributes arguments do not have equivalent SET TTY commands. The exceptions are DISPLAY, ISO, EIGHTBIT, and OVERSTRIKE. To display your current terminal attributes, you must use the command INITIA ATTRIBUTES. To set terminal attributes, use the following command format: INITIA SETTTY arg arg ... All the following arguments can be preceded with NO and a space to disable the setting. Argument Function ANSLEVEL:n Indicates the level of conformance to ANSI CRT programming standards. AVO Indicates that the terminal has an advanced video option or equivalent capability. BLOCKMODE Indicates that the terminal is capable of performing block-mode transfers. COLOR Indicates the terminal has a color video display. DECLEVEL:n Indicates the level of conformance to DEC CRT programming standards. DECTCS Indicates the DEC technical character set. DISPLAY Indicates that the terminal has a video display; NO DISPLAY indicates a hard-copy terminal. DRCS Indicates dynamically redefinable character sets. EIGHTBIT Indicates that the terminal uses an eight-bit ASCII character code. 2-152 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command 8BITARCH Indicates the terminal is capable of using an eight-bit ASCII character code. GUARDEDAREA Indicates terminal allows guarded area transfer. HSCROLL Indicates the terminal supports horizontal scrolling. IDCHAR Indicates character insertion and deletion. IDLINE Indicates line insertion and deletion. INTERROGATION Indicates that the terminal supports terminal state interrogation. ISO Indicates ISO Latin-1 supplemental graphic character set. NO ISO means DEC Multinational Character Set. KATAKANA Indicates the Katakana character set. KEYBOARD Indicates the terminal has a keyboard. LOCATOR:device Indicates whether locator is present. The device can be MOUSE, TABLET or NONE. NRC Indicates national replacement character sets. OVERSTRIKE Indicates that the terminal allows a three-character sequence to create one composite output character by printing one character, backspacing and then printing another character over the first. PRINTERPORT Indicates that the terminal has a printer port option. REGIS Indicates that the terminal understands ReGIS graphic commands. SELECTERASE Indicates selective erase. SESSIONS Indicates the terminal supports multiple sessions. SIXEL Indicates that the terminal is capable of displaying SIXEL graphics. SREGION Indicates scroll regions. 2-153 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command STATUSLINE Indicates that the terminal has an extra status line in its video display. TEKEMULATION Indicates TEK 4010/4014 terminal emulation. UDKEYS Indicates that the terminal has user-definable function keys. USERWINDOWS Indicates the terminal supports user windows. VLENGTH Indicates variable forms length. VT52EMULATION Indicates VT52 terminal emulation. VWIDTH Indicates variable forms width. For more information about these terminal attributes, refer to your terminal manuals. Characteristics Runs the INITIA program. Does not require LOGIN. Example Use the INITIA TTY ATTRIBUTES command to show the characteristics and attributes of a generic terminal type: .I TTY ATTRIB RL357A DEC10 Development 08:11:23 TTY162 system 1026/1042/1322 Connected to Node KL1026(26) Line # 162 Job 20 User DOTY [27,10024] TYPE:TTY MODEL:TTY CLASS:LT33 APC:HARDWIRED ECHO:DEFER WIDTH:72 LENGTH:0 NOSTOP FILL:1 NOLC NOTABS NOFORM CRLF NOGAG SBELL NOTAPE BLANKS ALTMOD NORTCOMP NOREMOTE XONXOF NOUNPAUS NOESCAPE NOQUOTE IDLEDI:0 EDITOR NOSLAVE ANSLEVEL:0 DECLEVEL:0 NOEIGHTBIT NO8BITARCH NODISPLAY NOOVERSTRIKE NOCOLOR NOSTATUSLINE NOISO NONRC NODRCS NOUDKEYS NOAVO NOPRINTERPORT NOIDCHAR NOIDLINE NOREGIS NOSIXEL NOTEKEMULATION NOVT52EMULATION NOSREGION NOHSCROLL NOVLENGTH NOVWIDTH NOUSERWINDOWS NOBLOCKMODE NOGUARDEDAREA NOSELECTERASE NOKATAKANA NOSESSIONS NODECTCS NOINTERROGATION NOLOCATOR KEYBOARD 2-154 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS INITIA Command Use the SET TTY TYPE command to set your terminal type. .TTY TYPE VT240 Use the INITIA TTY ATTRIBUTES command to show your new terminal characteristics and attributes. .I TTY ATTRIB RL357A DEC10 Development 08:11:40 TTY162 system 1026/1042/1322 Connected to Node KL1026(26) Line # 162 Job 20 User DOTY [27,10024] TYPE:VT240 MODEL:VT240 CLASS:VT200 APC:HARDWIRED ECHO:DEFER WIDTH:80 LENGTH:24 NOSTOP FILL:0 LC TABS NOFORM CRLF NOGAG SBELL NOTAPE BLANKS NOALTMOD NORTCOMP NOREMOTE XONXOF NOUNPAUS NOESCAPE NOQUOTE IDLEDI:0 EDITOR NOSLAVE ANSLEVEL:2 DECLEVEL:2 NOEIGHTBIT 8BITARCH DISPLAY NOOVERSTRIKE NOCOLOR NOSTATUSLINE NOISO NRC DRCS UDKEYS AVO PRINTERPORT IDCHAR IDLINE REGIS SIXEL TEKEMULATION VT52EMULATION SREGION NOHSCROLL NOVLENGTH VWIDTH NOUSERWINDOWS NOBLOCKMODE NOGUARDEDAREA SELECTERASE NOKATAKANA NOSESSIONS NODECTCS NOINTERROGATION NOLOCATOR KEYBOARD 2-155 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS JCONTINUE Command JCONTINUE Command Function The JCONTINUE command forces the specified job to continue if the job was in a CTRL/C state because of a device error. Format JCONTINUE n Where: n is the number of the job to be continued. This argument is required. Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Does not require LOGIN. Examples 1. Continue job 44: .JCONTINUE 44 . 2. Continue job 12: .JCONT 12 . 2-156 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS KJOB Command KJOB Command Function The KJOB command: 1. Stops all assigned I/O devices and returns them to the system's pool of available devices. 2. Returns all allocated memory to the system's pool of available memory. 3. Returns the job-number to the pool of available job-numbers. 4. Leaves your terminal at monitor level. 5. Prints run-time information for your job. 6. Completes all deferred spooling requests. Format KJOB/switch KJOB can be abbreviated to K. KJOB accepts one or more of the following switches. All switches can be preceded with NO (for example, NOTEMP) to negate their functions. Switch Function /BATCH Deletes files only when you are over the logged-out quota, then deletes enough files to be below quota. The algorithm for determining which files are deleted first is explained in detail below. /CLEAR Clears your terminal's display, if it has one and if the monitor knows the terminal type. /DISCONNECT Disconnects a terminal line when you log out. This includes hanging up a dataset (modem), or terminating a LAT connection, for example. This switch may be abbreviated to /D. NODISCONNECT maintains the connection with a terminal line after logging you out. 2-157 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS KJOB Command /HELP:key Prints information about KJOB on your terminal. /HELP does not perform functions 1 through 4. The keywords for /HELP are SWITCHES and TEXT. TEXT prints the help file and is the default argument. SWITCHES lists the KJOB switches and their meanings. /MESSAGE:key Tells the system which messages to print on your terminal. NOMESSAGE supresses output of the standard LOGOUT message but still prints error and warning messages. The keywords for /MESSAGE are: ADDRESS Prints out the address where the message occurs. CONTINUATION Prints out continuation text, if any. FIRST Prints out the first line of the message. PREFIX Prints out the six-character message prefix. /TEMP Searches your disk area and deletes all files with .TMP extensions. TEMP is a default switch for KJOB. Using the NOTEMP switch will log you out faster. KJOB/BATCH Algorithm The KJOB/BATCH algorithm categorizes files in three groups, according to their extensions: o Expendable files have these extensions: TMP, TEM, SFD, BAK, Q??, MAP, CRF, LSD, LSQ, LST, LIS, LPT, PTP, PLT, CDP, Z??, FOO, LOG, BIN, DMP, FIN o Important files have these extensions: RNO, RND, RNH, CMD, KBD, CED, MCR, SNO, FAI, FOR, F4, MAC, ALG, AID, BLI, B10, B11, COB, CBL, BAS, PAL, P11, SRC, IDA, IDX, DAT, DBS, B16, B32, B36, REQ, R16, R36, PAS, INI o Unimportant files have other extensions. 2-158 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS KJOB Command Files are deleted in the following order until the user is under quota: 1. Recompute disk usage and delete files that are too large. The number of blocks used is recalculated by doing a wildcard directory and adding up the total space used. Any files that are larger than the logged-out quota are deleted. 2. Delete unprotected expendable files. An individual wildcard directory search is performed for each of the extensions listed in the expendable list. If a match is found and the protection code is less than or equal to 177, the file is deleted. 3. Delete unprotected unimportant files. Files with extensions that are NOT in the important list and that have a protection code less than or equal to 177 are deleted. 4. Delete remaining expendable files. An individual wildcard directory search is performed for each of the extensions listed in the expendable list. If a match is found, the file is deleted, no matter how it is protected. 5. Delete unprotected important files. An individual wildcard directory search is performed for each of the extensions listed in the important list. If a match is found and the protection code is less than or equal to 177, the file is deleted. Notice that the extensions toward the end of the important list are considered to be more important than those toward the beginning of the list. 6. Delete all unimportant files. Files with extensions that are NOT in the important list are deleted no matter what their protection codes. 7. Delete all files. 2-159 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS KJOB Command Characteristics Deassigns your terminal. Stops all I/O devices that are assigned to your job. Runs the LOGIN program. Example .K JOB 99 User CUSTER,L. [27,4072] Logged-off TTY64 at hh:mm:ss on dd-mmm-yy Runtime: 0:00:05, KCS:44, Connect time: 0:31:23 Disk reads: 1534, Writes: 88, Blocks saved: 2510 . 2-160 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LABEL Command LABEL Command Function The LABEL command writes an identifier onto a DECtape. The identifier is stored on the tape itself and is printed when you print a directory of the tape with the DIRECT command. You should assign a unique label to each DECtape to avoid confusing one tape with another. You must use the ASSIGN command to access the tape before you can use LABEL. This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running PIP. Format LABEL dev: ^name^ Where: dev: is a physical or logical name that represents a DECtape. ^ is the delimiter of the DECtape identifier. The delimiter can also be quotes. If the identifier consists entirely of alphanumeric characters, the delimiters can be omitted. name is a 1- to 6-character name to be used as the identifier. Any characters can be used except the delimiter. Restriction You must use the ASSIGN command to access the tape before you can use LABEL. Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. 2-161 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LABEL Command Examples 1. Identify DECtape 4, which has the logical name TIME: .LABEL TIME ^2:00^ . 2. Identify DECtape 5 as NAME: .LABEL DTA5: "NAME" . 2-162 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LIST Command LIST Command Function The LIST command prints one or more files on the line printer (LPT:). The output goes either to the line printer immediately or to the disk to be spooled to the line printer if the line printer is being spooled for this job. (Refer to the QUEUE and PRINT commands.) If the line printer is being spooled, the PRINT command is preferred over the LIST command because it saves time and disk accesses. This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running PIP. Format LIST file-spec Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of file specifications separated by commas. A file specification consists of a device name, a file name and extension, and a directory name. This argument is required. When a directory name precedes the file name, it becomes the default for all succeeding files. Switches can be passed to PIP by enclosing them in parentheses in the LIST command string. When COMPIL interprets the command string, it passes the switches to PIP. Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Destroys your core image. 2-163 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LIST Command Example Spool your line printer requests, print a file (FOR21.DAT) on the line printer, and look at the line printer queue. .SET SPOOL LPT: .LIST FOR21.DAT .PRI PRINTER QUEUE: JOB NAME REQ# LIMIT USER *FOR21 61 12 MAROTTA[27,5434] ON UNIT:0 THERE IS 1 JOB IN THE QUEUE (1 IN PROGRESS) . 2-164 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOAD Command LOAD Command Function The LOAD command translates the specified source files if necessary, runs the loader, and loads the generated .REL files into memory. The appropriate language compiler is determined by the source file extension or by switches in the command string. (Refer to the COMPILE command.) If a .REL file already exists with a more recent date than that of the source file, compilation is not performed (unless you request it using the /COMPILE switch). This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running the appropriate language compiler and linking loader. The LOAD command generates a core image but does not begin executing the program. After the LOAD command, you can START your program or SAVE the core image for future execution. Each time the COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG command is executed, the system remembers the arguments and switches. Therefore, if you issue one of these commands with no arguments, the system uses the stored arguments. The LOAD command accepts several command constructions: the @ construction (indirect commands), the + construction, the = construction, and the < > construction. (Refer to Appendix C for a complete description of each of these constructions.) Format LOAD file-spec,file-spec,... Where: file-spec is one or more file specifications separated by commas. A file specification consists of a device name, a file name with or without an extension, and a directory name. (Refer to Section 1.9.) The following switches modify the command string. Switch Function /ALGOL Compiles the file with ALGOL. Assumed for files with the extension .ALG. /BINARY Generates a binary file for each file compiled. The file extension of the output file is .REL. 2-165 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOAD Command This is the default action. 2-166 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOAD Command /BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for files with the extensions .B10 and .BLI. /C68 Runs the specified COBOL compiler. /C74 /COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for files with the extension .CBL. /COMPILE Compiles the file even if a binary file exists with a newer date and time than the source file. This switch is used to obtain an extra compilation (for example, to obtain a listing of the compilation) because compilation is not performed if the binary file is newer than the source file. /CREF Produces a cross-referenced listing file on the disk for each file compiled, for later processing by the CREF program. The file extension of the output file is .CRF. The files can then be listed with the CREF command. However, with COBOL files the cross-referenced listing is always appended to the listing file. /DDT Loads the program debugger DDT with the program. /DEBUG: Passes the specified arguments to FORTRAN. _______________ _______ ________ (arg, arg,...) Refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language ______ Manual. /DLIST Produces a .LST file and stores it in your directory. You can obtain a listing of the file with the PRINT command. /F10 Obsolete /F40 /F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and EXTERNAL statements. /FORDDT Loads the FORTRAN debugger with the program. /FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler. Assumed for files with the extension of .F4 and .FOR and all files with nonstandard compiler extensions. This switch is necessary if the file has a nonstandard compiler extension and FORTRAN is not the standard compiler or is not the current default. 2-167 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOAD Command /FUDGE: Creates a disk file containing the names of the file-spec .REL files produced by the command string. When you give the FUDGE command, PIP reads this file to generate a library REL file. (Refer to the FUDGE command description.) The argument to the switch is: dev:file.ext[directory] Where: dev: is the device on which to write the file. If you omit the device name, DSK: is assumed. file.ext is the name of the library file. The file name is required. If you omit the extension, it is assumed to be .REL. [directory] is the directory in which to place the file. Your default directory number is assumed if none is given. This switch is permanent in that it pertains to all .REL files generated by the command string. /GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are to be stored in G-floating format. This format has an extended exponent range. This option is available on KL10 processors only. /K?10 Designates the machine on which the program will execute once it has been loaded. The ? can be replaced by L or S. /LIBRARY Loads the files in library search mode. This mode causes a program in a special library to be loaded only if one or more of its declared entry symbols satisfies an undefined global request in the source file. The default libraries are always searched. (Refer to the LINK documentation.) /LINK Obsolete /LIST Generates a disk listing file for each file compiled. The file extension of the output file is .LST. These files can be listed later with the PRINT command. If the line printer is being spooled for this job, the files are automatically printed. If you do not specify this switch, listing files are not generated. 2-168 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOAD Command /LMAP Produces a loader map during the loading process that contains the local symbols. /MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for files with extension .MAC. /MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for files with an extension .P11. This switch is not supported. /MAP Produces a loader map during loading. After a library search of the default libraries, the map is written in your disk area with either the file name you specify (for example, /MAP:file) or with the default file name MAP.MAP. This switch is an exception to the permanent switch rule, because although it may be used as a permanent switch, it causes only one map to be produced. /NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from the experimental system library (device NEW:) area [1,5]. If the compiler does not exist on device NEW:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. (Refer to Restriction.) /NOBINARY Does not generate binary files. This switch, when combined with the /CREF or /LIST switch, is useful when compiling programs only to generate listings. /NOCOMPILE Does not force a compilation of a source file whose date is not as recent as the date on the binary file. Note that this switch is not the same as the /REL switch, which turns off all compilation, even if the source file is newer than the .REL file. /NOCOMPILE is the default action. Complement to the /COMPILE switch. /NODEBUG Does not pass previously specified arguments to FORTRAN. /NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the default action. /NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object source code of a FORTRAN program. 2-169 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOAD Command /NOSEARCH Loads all routines of the file whether the routines are referenced or not. Because this is the default, this switch turns off library search mode (/LIBRARY). /OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from the system library of old programs (device OLD:) that resides on the disk area [1,3]. If the compiler does not exist on device OLD:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:. (Refer to Restriction.) /OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object source code of a FORTRAN program. /PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for files with the extension .PAL. /PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for files with the extension .PAS. /REL Uses the existing .REL files although a newer source file might be present. /SAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program. /SEARCH Loads the files in library search mode. This switch is identical to the /LIBRARY switch. /SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from device DSK: instead of from the system library (device SYS:). This switch is useful if you keep a private copy of a compiler in your disk area to test new features. (Refer to Restriction.) /SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for files with the extension .SNO. This switch is not supported. /SSAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program in a sharable executable file. /SYS Runs the appropriate language compiler from the system library (device SYS:). This is the default action. 2-170 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOAD Command Restrictions Once a language compiler has been specified from a particular area (for example, /SELF), it cannot be called from a different area within the same command string. The following is illegal: .LOAD ITEM.CBL/SYS,ITEM02.CBL/SELF However, the following is valid: .COMPILE ITEM.CBL/SYS .COMPILE ITEM02.CBL/SELF .LOAD/REL ITEM,ITEM02 Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Runs the appropriate compiler or language compiler and LINK, destroying your original core image. Example The following example shows how to LOAD and SAVE a program. The DIRECTORY command shows all the files named TEST. .DIR TEST.* TEST FOR 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5055] LOAD the program. The monitor compiles and loads TEST. .LOAD TEST.FOR FORTRAN:TEST MAIN. LINK: LOADING EXIT Save the loaded program. .SAVE TEST TEST SAVED A directory shows that the executable format has been saved in your directory. .DIR TEST.* TEST FOR 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5055] TEST REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy TEST EXE 160 <055> dd-mmm-yy 6(422) TOTAL OF 162 BLOCKS IN 3 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5055] . 2-171 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOCATE Command LOCATE Command Function The LOCATE command changes the default device list of the job, making devices at other ANF-10 nodes available to your job. For example, if you want to use the devices at node FRATZ for your job, you can issue the following command: .LOCATE FRATZ Thereafter, the default I/O devices used will be those on node FRATZ. Note that terminal and disk I/O are not affected by this command. The LOCATE command does not change the location of your job; the job runs on the node on which the job was started. Format LOCATE node-id Where: node-id is the name or number of the ANF-10 node at which you want I/O to be processed. An argument of 0 locates your job at the node where the job's command interpreter is. If you do not specify the node-id, the default is your physical node/station. Characteristics Leaves your terminal at monitor level. Is valid only in networks or in systems with a remote station. Does not destroy your core image. Associated Messages If the LOCATE succeeds, the system prints a message in the form: NODE node-name (node-num) sys-id date LOCATED Where node-name is the name of the node, node-num is the number of the node, sys-id is the system identification, and date is the date the system was last reloaded. 2-172 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOCATE Command If the node specified is not currently in communication with the network, the following message is printed: %NODE(x) LOCATED BUT OFF-LINE The job is successfully LOCATEd, but the node is not presently accessible. Examples 1. You LOCATE the job at the node named LONDON, node number 3. .LOCATE LONDON NODE LONDON(3) RD020A KL10 SYS#1279 11-06-79 LOCATED . 2. You attempt to LOCATE to a node that the monitor does not recognize as part of the network. An error message is printed and your location is not changed. .LOCATE TOKYO ?UNDEFINED NETWORK NODE . 2-173 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command LOGIN Command Function You use the LOGIN command to gain access to the system. The LOGIN command runs the LOGIN program. LOGIN accepts: o your project-programmer number (PPN) or your user name o your password o optional account and remark strings You can obtain these from your system administrator. LOGIN can accept a path specification (directory name) in place of the PPN. To log in, type the LOGIN command, and press RETURN. LOGIN prompts you with a pound sign (#). Type your project-programmer number or your user name, and press RETURN. You can also type your project-programmer number or your user name immediately after typing LOGIN, followed by a space. After it receives this information, LOGIN prints another prompt (PASSWORD:) on your terminal. Type your password, and press RETURN. The password does not echo on your terminal. You are finished logging in when the monitor prompt (a period) is returned. Your system may be running account validation software. In this case, LOGIN may not be complete after you type your password. If your job requires an account string, LOGIN prompts you for your account (ACCOUNT:). Type your account string, and then press RETURN, or just press RETURN if the system administrator has established a default account for your job. If your job requires a remark string, LOGIN prompts for it (REMARK:). Here you can type anything that will identify your job. Your remark can be up to 39 characters. If you do not have a remark, press RETURN. The system records spaces for your remark. Example 3 shows the procedure for logging in with account validation software. NOTE When the account string is validated, characters are checked according to case. Therefore, you must type your account in the same case (uppercase or lowercase) as it is required. This aspect of the system can be changed by the system administrator. 2-174 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command You can put your account string and remark in your SWITCH.INI file. See Appendix B for further information. To specify a default path for disk I/O, type the path specification instead of your project-programmer number. A path specification more specifically identifies your directory area. It specifies either a user-file directory or a sub-file directory. Refer to Section 1.14 of this manual for more information about path specifications. If you have detached your terminal from a job, and begin to log in to another job, the LOGIN program asks if you want to attach to the old job or create a new job. For information about detaching and attaching jobs, see the ATTACH and DETACH commands. Example 2 shows the procedure for logging in to a new job after detaching the first. Format LOGIN identification/switches Where: identification represents either your project-programmer number (PPN), path specification ([directory]), or your user name. You can type a path specification in place of the PPN or user name. This allows you to establish a default directory path for the job. The path specification is either a user-file directory or a sub-file directory. Directory paths are enclosed in brackets (for example: [27,5434,SFD]). The following switches modify the command string. These switches can be included in your SWITCH.INI file. SWITCH.INI files are discussed in Appendix B. Most parameters set by these switches can be changed by monitor commands after you log in. (Refer to the SET commands and the _______ ____ _________ ______ SETSRC program description in the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual.) 2-175 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command Switch Function /ACCOUNT:"string" Specifies the account string for your job. If the account string contains any nonalphanumeric characters, you must enclose the string in quotation marks. This switch is often included in a SWITCH.INI file. /ASSIGN: Assigns a device to your job and a logical (dev1:log1, name to the device. dev2:log2...) dev: is the device name log is the logical name See Section 1.9.1 for more information about device names. The logical name is optional. This switch can be used more than once to assign more than one device. /ATTACH:argument Sets the ATTACH state for the LOGIN dialog and the job being created. /ATTACH:ASK is the default action. By default, if a detached job exists with the specified PPN, and the job was logged in with /ATTACH:ASK, LOGIN asks whether you want to attach to the detached job, instead of creating a new job with the same PPN. The /ATTACH:IGNORE switch suppresses the default action of the /ATTACH:ASK switch. Jobs you create with the IGNORE argument will be ignored by LOGIN when you do additional logins with the same PPN. LOGIN will not ask you if you want to attach to jobs set to the IGNORE argument. | /BATCH: Sets the batch parameters. Used by BATCON | (arg:n, arg:n) only). Multiple keywords can be given to the | /BATCH switch; in that case, they must be | enclosed in parentheses and separated with | commas. Arguments and their meanings are as | follows: | | Argument Meaning | | INTERVENTION Specifies whether the batch | NOINTERVENTION job requires operator | intervention to run. | | NAME:"name" Sets the batch job name to | "name". 2-176 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command | SEQUENCE:n Sets the batch sequence number | to "n". | | STREAM:n Sets the batch stream number | to "n". | | REQUESTID:n Sets the batch request number | to "n". /CORE:nx Informs the system of the maximum amount of core memory that your job can use. The value for x must be either P or K. P represents pages of memory (each page is equivalent to 512 words); K represents blocks of 1024 words. The value n is any decimal number. Refer to the CORE command for further information. /DEFAULT: Specifies job characteristics. Multiple (arg:n, arg:n) keywords can be given to the /DEFAULT switch; in that case, they must be enclosed in parentheses and separated with commas. Arguments and their meanings are as follows: Argument Meaning BIGBUF:n Sets the default BIGBUF buffer size for disk to n blocks. Refer to SET DEFAULT BIGBUF command. BUFFERS:n Sets the default number of disk buffers to n. Refer to SET DEFAULT BUFFERS command. PROTECTION:n Sets the default file protection for your job to n. Refer to SET DEFAULT PROTECTION command. /DEFER Defers queueing of spooled output until you log out. /DSKFUL:arg Sets the action to be performed if your job exceeds the disk area allowed to it. The arguments are ERROR and PAUSE. If the argument is ERROR, an error condition is passed to your job. This usually terminates the program. If the argument is PAUSE, the program is suspended, and your job is returned to monitor level. This allows you 2-177 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command to request operator assistance and then continue the job, as long as you do not issue any commands that destroy your core image. Refer to the SET DSKFUL command. /DSKPRI:n Allows privileged users to set the priority for their job's disk operations (data transfers and head positionings). The value can range from -3 to +3. The default timesharing priority is 0. Refer to the SET DSKPRI command. /GUIDELINE Specifies that the numeric value cited in the /PHYSICAL switch is a guideline. This is the default setting for /PHYSICAL. /HELP:keyword Prints HELP text on your terminal. Valid keywords are: ARGUMENTS, SWITCHES, and TEXT. The ARGUMENTS keyword prints out a list of valid switches and arguments. SWITCHES displays only a list of switches. TEXT will print the entire HELP text. TEXT is assumed if no keyword is supplied. /HELP may be abbreviated to /H. /LIB:[ppn] Sets the library area (LIB:) to the specified PPN. /LIMIT Specifies that the numeric value specified in the /PHYSICAL switch is a limit rather than a guideline. If /LIMIT is not issued, the system assumes that the numeric value given for the /PHYSICAL switch is a guideline. /LOCATE:node Sets the job location to the specified octal ANF node number. Refer to the LOCATE command. /MAILCHECK Checks the file DSK:MAIL.TXT to see if you have mail from the MS mail system. You must have DECMAIL/MS on your system. /MAILCHECK is the default action. /NAME:"name" Associates the given name with your job. This name will appear on output, listings, and on other information output by the system. Enclose the name in quotation marks if it contains non-alphanumeric characters. 2-178 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command /NEW /NEW causes NEW:([1,5]) to be searched before SYS:([1,4]) whenever SYS: is specified or implied. If the files are not on NEW:, SYS: will be searched. (See Section 1.13 for more information about NEW:.) /NODEFER Does not defer queued output until logout. Refer to the SET DEFER command. This is the default. /NOMAILCHECK Suppresses checking the file DSK:MAIL.TXT to see if you have mail from the MS mail system. /NONEW Removes the [1,5] directory (NEW:) from your SYS: specification. This is the default setting. /NOSCAN Cancels the /SCAN switch for the directory path. When scanning is set, the system searches for files through the entire directory path. Directory paths are described in Section 1.14. This switch disables scanning. Thus, the system will not search for files past the specified directory area. (Refer to the SETSRC program _______ ____ _________ description in the TOPS-10 User Utilities ______ Manual.) /NOSCAN is the default switch. /NOSETTTY Instructs the system not to change any of your terminal's characteristics as specified in your SWITCH.INI file. The default action is that LOGIN reads SWITCH.INI, setting terminal characteristics according to switches specified in the LOGIN line. Refer to Appendix B for more information about SWITCH.INI files. /NOSFDCREATE Does not create an SFD that was specified as the directory path. /NOSTR Suppresses the printing of SYS:STR.TXT. /NOSYS Removes the SYS: structure from your DSKspecification, which is your job's search list. Refer to Section 1.12. /NOTE:file-spec Prints the specified file after you log in. The file specification must be included; it may contain wild-cards. This switch is useful for printing a project notice file that is kept in a library area. Refer to /NOTICE. 2-179 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command /NOTICE:arg Controls printing of SYS:NOTICE.TXT and the argument to the /NOTE switch. The arguments for /NOTICE are: ALWAYS Always prints notices. SOMETIMES Prints notices you have not yet seen. SOMETIMES is the default argument. NEVER Never prints notices. /NOWATCH Suppresses the printing of incremental job statistics. Refer to the SET WATCH command. /PASSWORD Allows you to change your password during the LOGIN procedure. Type in your current password at the Password: prompt. Then type in your new password when the monitor prompts you, and verify it. Your password will then be changed. This switch is ignored under batch. The system manager may, at times, set /PASSWORD on your account, so that when you log in, you will have to change your password. /PATH:[dir] Specifies a default path for disk I/O. Refer to Section 1.14 for further information. /PHYSICAL:nx Sets the maximum physical page limit of your job. The value n is any decimal number. The value x is either K (for 1024-word blocks) or P (for 512-word pages). You can use either /LIMIT or /GUIDELINE with the /PHYSICAL switch. The default is /GUIDELINE. Refer to the SET PHYSICAL command. /QUOTA: Recomputes the disk quota for the specified (str1,str2,...) structures. If you specify more than one ALL structure, you must separate the structure DSK names with commas, and enclose the list in parentheses. However, if you specify only one structure, the parentheses are not required. If you specify no structures, all the structures in your job's search list are assumed. Instead of (str1,str2,...), you can use ALL or DSK. ALL expands to all structures in the system. DSK expands to all structures in your search list. 2-180 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command /REMARK:"text" Specifies a remark string for your job. If you include non-alphanumeric characters in the remark, you must enclose the remark in quotation marks. /RUN:file-spec Runs the specified program immediately after LOGIN, unless another program has been designated by the system manager. /SCAN Sets the /SCAN switch for the directory path. When /SCAN is specified, scanning is enabled for the directory path. Scanning allows searches to be made through the complete path. If scanning is disabled, only the first directory is searched. (Refer to the SETSRC program.) /SETTTY Sets your terminal characteristics as specified in the file SWITCH.INI. This is the default function. Refer to Appendix B for more information. /SFDCREATE Automatically creates an SFD on the structure, if the SFD was specified as the directory path, and if the SFD does not already exist. This is the default. /SFDPROT:nnn Sets the protection of all created SFDs to nnn. /SPOOL:dev or Adds the specified device(s) to the current /SPOOL:(dev1,...) list of those spooled for the job. Spooling or is the mechanism by which I/O to or from /SPOOL:ALL slow-speed devices is simulated on disk. Data temporarily stored on disk can be automatically output on the specified device when it becomes available. These devices can be spooled: the line printer (LPT:), the card punch (CDP:), the card reader (CDR:), the paper-tape punch (PTP:), and the plotter (PLT:). /STR Causes all files in the standard system library [1,4] with name ???STR.TXT to be printed on your terminal. Assume, for example, that there is a file on private structure "PR:" called PRLSTR.TXT[1,4] which says: "PR:PAYROLL DEBUG PACK -- NOT REAL DATA". Any user who logged in with /STR (or had /STR in his SWITCH.INI file) would have the warning message printed on his terminal. 2-181 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command /SYS Adds the SYS: structure to your DSK: specification. Consequently, if a file is not found in the directories in your search list or in your library directory (if /LIB: [proj,prog] has been specified), the system directory [1,4] will then be searched for the file. /TERMINAL: Sets the terminal characteristics (arg,arg,...) specified by the arguments.This switch is useful for recording terminal characteristics in your SWITCH.INI file. Refer to Appendix B for information about the SWITCH.INI file. To specify a single argument, type it after the colon. To specify two or more arguments, enclose them in parentheses and separate them with commas. The arguments to the /TERMINAL switch and their meanings are listed after the description of the switches. All of the arguments except those which take values can be preceded by NO to turn off the function of the argument. /TIME:n Sets a central processor time limit of n seconds for a job. When the time limit is reached, the system stops the job and prints a message. A timesharing job can be continued by typing CONTINUE, but unless the time is reset with the SET TIME command, no time limit will be in effect. A batch job cannot be continued. /UFDPROT:nnn Sets the protection of all created UFDs to nnn. /VIRTUAL:n Specifies the current virtual page limit, as represented by n. (For a description of CVPL, see the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.) In /VIRTUAL:nK and :nP, K represents a block, and P a page; 1K equals 1024 words, and 1P equals 512 words. If you type neither letter, K is assumed. K can be specified within the range 1 to 512P. If you type /VIRTUAL:0, the value of CVPL, as set by the system administrator, is used. 2-182 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command /WATCH:ALL or Duplicates the SET WATCH command, printing /WATCH (arg,arg...) messages automatically according to the argument. See the SET WATCH command description for a list of arguments and their uses. Arguments to /TERMINAL Argument Meaning ALTMODE Converts the ASCII characters 175 and 176 to NOALTMODE ALTmode (ESCape). If you use NOALTMODE, 175 and 176 regain their original identity as right brace (]) and tilde (~). The default setting is NOALTMODE. BLANKS Prints blank lines during output to the NOBLANKS terminal. NOBLANKS is often used on a display terminal to conserve space on the screen. The default setting is BLANKS. CRLF Prints an automatic carriage-return/line-feed NOCRLF at the end of each line. The width of this line is set with WIDTH. NOCRLF suppresses the automatic carriage-return/line-feed. The default is CRLF. DEBREAK No longer supported. NODEBREAK DEFER Suppresses echoing of the characters you type NODEFER until output to the terminal is finished. For example, when the system is sending output to your terminal and you type another command, the system will echo the characters as it is printing output on your terminal. DEFER holds the characters you type until the output is finished. NODEFER is the default setting. For video terminals, it is recommended that you set DEFER. DISPLAY Informs the system that you have a display NODISPLAY terminal. Your programs can use this information when sending output to your terminal. NO DISPLAY turns off the DISPLAY function. 2-183 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command ECHO Prints the characters you type on your NOECHO terminal. This puts your terminal in full duplex mode. NOECHO puts your terminal in half duplex mode. That is, the characters you type are not printed on your terminal. | | EIGHTBIT Sets 8-bit mode. | NOEIGHTBIT | | ESCAPE:chr Sets the translation character to | chr. FILL:n Controls the filler class of the terminal. NOFILL This effects the output of filler characters. NOFILL is the equivalent to FILL:0. FORM Sends eight line-feeds for every FORM NOFORM character, and four line-feeds for each vertical tab. NOFORM does not send the line-feeds. GAG Suppresses any messages sent by the SEND NOGAG command when your job is in user mode. This does not affect messages from the operator. NOGAG allows you to receive messages at any stage of your job. LC Allows the system to print lowercase NOLC characters on your terminal when echoing characters from your terminal. This argument is used on terminals that have lowercase ability but are not printing lowercase characters. NOLC makes the system translate all input characters to uppercase as they are transmitted. LENGTH:n Sets the terminal page length to n lines. | | LOCALCOPY Sets terminal to local copy. | NOLOCALCOPY | | QUOTE Enables control-v character quoting. | NOQUOTE RCVSPEED:nnnn Sets the speed at which your terminal will receive characters to n baud. 2-184 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command RTCOMP Controls the function of CTRL/R and CTRL/T. NORTCOMP NORTCOMP makes the control characters function as they are described in Section 1.6. RTCOMP prevents them from functioning this way, which is useful when you plan to run a program that uses CTRL/R and CTRL/T for other purposes. SBELL Rings the bell when output is stopped NOSBELL automatically by the system. NOSBELL suppresses the terminal bell when output is stopped automatically by the system. SPEED:nnnn Sets the receiving and transmitting speed of your terminal to n baud. SSTOP:n Sets the terminal to stop output after n lines, where n is page length, ignoring intermittent s. STOP:n Sets the terminal to stop output after n lines, where n is page length. TABS Informs the system that your terminal has NOTABS tab stops. NOTABS informs the system that your terminal does not have tab stops. The system will then simulate tab stops for your terminal. TAPE Informs the system that your terminal has NOTAPE paper tape output. This changes the function of CTRL/S and CTRL/Q to control the paper tape. NOTAPE restores the function of CTRL/S and CTRL/Q. Refer to Section 1.6. TIDY No longer supported. NOTIDY TYPE:nnnn Specifies the type of terminal. This informs the system that your terminal is of the type nnnn. This sets some characteristics automatically. For a complete list of supported terminal types, type: HELP * A portion of the information returned is a list of terminal types supported by the monitor. 2-185 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command UC Tells the system to translate all the NOUC characters that it receives from your terminal to upper case. NOUC does not translate the characters. | | UNPAUSE:chr Sets the unpause character to chr. WIDTH:n Sets the width of the terminal screen to n. Used in conjunction with CRLF, this controls the automatic RETURNs that are output at monitor level. XMTSPEED:n Sets the speed at which your terminal will send characters to n baud. XONXOF Allows you to use CTRL/S and CTRL/Q to NOXONXOF control the output to your terminal. NOXONXOF prevents the system from stopping terminal output automatically. Characteristics Returns your terminal to monitor level or starts a program if specified in ACTDAE.SYS. Associated Messages If you are already logged in when you issue the LOGIN command, the monitor prints: ?PLEASE KJOB OR DETACH If the system is running the maximum number of jobs it can handle, you will not be able to log in. When you issue a LOGIN command, you will receive the message: ?JOB CAPACITY EXCEEDED In this event, wait a few minutes, then try again. 2-186 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command Examples 1. To gain access to the system, log in with your user name as follows: .LOGIN MCWILLIAMS JOB 42 RZ373B KL#1026/1042 TTY363 If you do not type your project-programmer number or your user name on the same line as the LOGIN command, LOGIN prompts you for that information with a number sign (#). .LOGIN JOB 29 RZ373B KL #1026/1042 TTY220 #10,6073 LOGIN prints your assigned job number (job number 29), followed by monitor name, version number, and terminal number. PASSWORD: The system prompts you for your password. You type your password followed by a carriage-return. To maintain password security, the monitor does not echo your password. On _______ _______ _____ terminals with local-copy (see the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls ______ Manual), a mask is printed to make your password unreadable. [LGNLAS Last access to [10,6073] succeeded on dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss] hh:mm dd-mmm-yy MON . If your entries are correct, the system responds with a message indicating when the last attempt to login to your account was, and whether it was successful time, date, day of the week, the message of the day (if any), and a period, indicating readiness to accept another command. 2. The following example illustrates the process of detaching a job, logging in a second job, detaching the second job and logging in a third job. First, detach the job that is currently running: .DETACH FROM JOB 52 Then log in again: .LOGIN 27,5434 JOB 54 RZ125A KL #1022/1046 TTY213 2-187 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command PASSWORD: OTHER JOBS DETACHED WITH SAME PPN: JOB 52 PIP STOPPED DO YOU WANT TO ATTACH TO THIS JOB? [Y] NO [LGNJSP OTHER JOBS SAME PPN:52] [LGNLAS Last access to [27,5434] succeeded on dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss] hh:mm dd-mmm-yy MON When you log in, if you have a detached job (logged in with /ATTACH:ASK), LOGIN prompts you whether you want to log in a new job or attach to the existing job. (To suppress this function, use the /ATTACH:IGNORE switch when you log in.) To log in a new job at this point, type NO and press RETURN. If you type YES or just press RETURN, your terminal will be attached to the existing job. Detaching a job is useful when you are running a program you expect to run for a long time. If you want to allow such a program to run, while you start another job, use the CCONTINUE command. For example, start a DIRECTORY search of SYS: .DIRECT EXEVER.SYS=SYS:*.EXE/PRVERSION ^C ^C .CCONTINUE The DIRECT program continues to search for files in SYS: with the extension .EXE, and stores them in EXEVER.SYS. Meanwhile, you can log in a third job. To log in a third job, first detach the second: .DETACH FROM JOB 54 Log in: .LOGIN 27,5434/ATTACH:IGNORE JOB 55 RZ125A KL #1022/1046 TTY213 PASSWORD: [LGNJSP OTHER JOBS SAME PPN:52,54] [LGNLAS Last access to [27,5434] succeeded on dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss] hh:mm dd-mmm-yy MON . 2-188 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS LOGIN Command The /ATTACH:IGNORE switch was used here to suppress the question about existing detached jobs. To log in a new job, as here, press RETURN. When the DIRECT program is finished running (as may be seen using SYSDPY), you may want to attach back to job 54. In this case, detach the current job, or log out: .K [LGTOUL OTHER USERS LOGGED-IN UNDER [27,5434], JOBS:52,54] JOB 55 USER MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] LOGGED-OFF TTY64 AT hh:mm:ss ON dd-mmm-yy RUNTIME: 0:05:33, KCS:64, CONNECT TIME: 1:45:20 DISK READS: 1534, WRITES: 105, BLOCKS SAVED: 2513 Then log in again: .LOGIN 27,5434 JOB 36 RZ125A KL #1022/1046 TTY213 PASSWORD: OTHER JOBS DETACHED WITH SAME PPN: JOB 52 PIP STOPPED JOB 54 DIRECT RUNNING TYPE JOB NUMBER TO ATTACH OR CARRIAGE-RETURN TO LOGIN NEW JOB:54 .ATTACH 54[27,5434] [LGNATJ ATTACHING TO JOB 52 IN USER MODE] TOTAL OF 344 FILES . LOGIN prints a message after attaching to the running job. This message informs you that the job is in the process of running. Then DIRECTORY prints a message showing the total number of files found. 2-189 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MAIL Command MAIL Command MAIL Command Function Function The MAIL command starts up a program to send, receive, and store messages to and from other users. For complete details, see the _______________ __________ ______ TOPS-10/TOPS-20 DECmail/MS Manual. Format Format MAIL Characteristics Characteristics Runs the MS program. Requires LOGIN. Destroys your core image. Places your terminal at user level. Example Example Start up MS, then exit. .MAIL MS>EXIT . 2-190 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MAKE Command MAKE Command MAKE Command Function Function The MAKE command creates a new file on the disk with TECO (Text Editor and Corrector). If a file already exists with the same name, the system prints a warning message. If you continue despite this warning, the system program supersedes the file. If you type two CTRL/Cs to leave TECO, the program does not destroy the file. (See the TECO manual in the TOPS-10 Software Notebooks.) Format Format MAKE dev:file.ext[directory] dev: Where: dev: is the device or file structure name on which the system creates the file. If you omit it, the system assumes DSK:. file.ext file.ext is any legal file name and file name extension. The file name is required; the file name extension is optional. [directory] [directory] is the directory area in which the system creates the file. If you omit this argument, the system assumes your default directory area (that is, your project-programmer number). Note that the default directory can be an SFD or a UFD. You can pass switches to TECO if you precede each switch with a slash in the MAKE command string. Characteristics Characteristics Place your terminal at user level. Destroys your core image. 2-191 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MAKE Command Example Example Create a file named TEXT3.MAI. .MAKE TEXT3.MAI *EX Exit from TECO. Use DIRECTORY to see the file. .DIR TEXT3 TEXT3 MAI 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC:[27,5434] . 2-192 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MERGE Command MERGE Command MERGE Command Function Function The MERGE command combines the low segment of an executable program in the specified file with the program that is currently in memory. The MERGE command, like the GET command, does not start execution of the program. MERGE is used to load page fault handlers and DDT. Format Format MERGE dev:file.ext[directory] /switch dev: Where: dev: is the logical or name of the device containing the program you want to merge into core. The default device is DSK:. file.ext file.ext is the name of the file containing the program you want to merge into core. You must specify the file name. The file extension defaults to .EXE. [directory] [directory] is the directory name, required only if the core image file is located in a disk area other than yours. The default is the directory area that you logged in to. /switch /switch is the following option: /USE:n Specifies the octal section number, (n), into which a program is merged. Valid section numbers are 0-37, octal. Characteristics Characteristics Places your terminal at user level. Requires LOGIN. Changes your core image. 2-193 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MERGE Command Example Example Type two programs. .TY FIRST.MAC FIRST: RESET JRST 700000 END FIRST .TY SECOND.MAC .PSECT FOO,700000 SECOND: OUTSTR [ASCIZ/ EXECUTION AT 700000 /] EXIT END Compile the programs. .COMPILE FIRST.MAC MACRO: .MAIN EXIT .COMPILE SECOND.MAC MACRO: .MAIN EXIT Run LINK and save the files. .R LINK *FIRST/SAVE=FIRST/GO EXIT .R LINK *SECOND/SAVE=SECOND/GO EXIT Use GET to bring the first program into memory. .GET FIRST JOB SETUP 2-194 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MERGE Command Use MERGE to bring the second program into memory. .MERGE SECOND SECOND MERGED Start execution of the programs. .START EXECUTION AT 700000 EXIT After a successful execution, examine the memory area. Note that address 777 is occupied. .E 777 000777/ 000000 000000 . Address 1000 does not exist. .E 1000 ?OUT OF BOUNDS Address 700000 is occupied. .E 700000 700000/ 051140 700002 . Address 701000 does not exist. .E 701000 ?OUT OF BOUNDS . 2-195 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MIC Commands MIC Commands MIC Commands Function Function MIC allows you to create a new command by writing any desired sequence of monitor-mode and user-mode commands in a disk file. MIC commands are discussed in the file DOC:MICV2.DOC, on the system. MIC is not a supported product. You may include any of the following commands in your MIC command file, along with any number of monitor commands. Commands Commands BACKTO Specifies a 1- to 6- character label at which MIC processing is to resume. Note that labels in MIC command files are terminated by :: and must be at the beginning of a line. ERROR/ Specifies a character that is used to denote an error NOERROR condition when displayed at the beginning of a line. GOTO Specifies a 1- to 6- character label at which MIC processing is to resume. Note that labels in MIC command files are terminated by :: and must be at the beginning of a line. IF Conditionally processes a monitor command. LET Allows you to change the value of any user parameters in a MIC file. For example, LET C= "THIS IS C" substitutes the text within double quotes as the value of C. MIC Arg Allows you to ABORT, SUSPEND, CANCEL, RETURN, or EXIT from MIC processing. OPERATOR/ Specifies one ASCII character to be treated as NOOPERATOR introducing a line that requires user attention. For example, if the operator character is output in column 1, MIC suspends output and displays [BREAK]. After this, type the requested information. Then type CTRL/P (PROCEED), which will continue the processing of the command file. 2-196 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MIC Commands SILENCE/ Suppresses and resumes output to the terminal. REVIVE You can type another monitor command on the same line as the SILENCE/REVIVE command. For example, .REVIVE.DIR causes terminal output to be revived after the .DIR command has been typed. Therefore, only the output from the .DIR command will be printed on the terminal. WHENEVER/ Changes the default action whenever a particular ON action or event occurs. ON and WHENEVER are equivalent commands. Example Example ;A MIC DEMO OF THE ERROR COMMAND ;A MACRO TO COMPARE TWO FILES AND DELETE DSK COPY IF THEY ;ARE THE SAME . .TYPE CHECK.MIC .ERROR ? .R FILCOM *TTY:/Q='A.'B .DELETE 'A . ;A TYPICAL CALL - CHECK IF DSK:C.MIC IS A COPY OF SYS:C.MIC .DIRECT/CHECK C.MIC.SYS: . .ERROR ? .R FILCOM *TTY:/Q=C.MIC,SYS: NO DIFFERENCES ENCOUNTERED *C .DELETE C.MIC FILES DELETED C.MIC 01 BLOCKS FREED ;CREATE AN INCORRECT COPY OF C.MIC WITH PIP. .R PIP 2-197 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MIC Commands *C.MIC=TTY: WRONG FILE ^Z *^C ;AND USE C.MIC TO CHECK IT .DO CHECK C.MIC,SYS: . .ERROR ? .R FILCOM *TTY:/Q=C.MIC,SYS: FILE 1) DSK:C.MIC CREATED: 1349 dd-mmm-yyyy FILE 2) SYS:C.MIC CREATED: 1202 dd-mmm-yyyy ?FILES ARE DIFFERENT *[ABORT ON ERROR] ^C . 2-198 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command MOUNT Command MOUNT Command Function Function The MOUNT command requests ownership of a device. Because MOUNT calls for action by the operator, the command is not complete (the monitor prompt is not printed on your terminal) until the operator has mounted the device. If more than one volume in the volume set must be mounted at one time, the system ensures that the resources will be available. Volumes that must be mounted sequentially, such as tape volume sets, will be mounted automatically. Therefore, you use MOUNT only once for each volume set. Resources are pre-allocated to a job using the ALLOCATE command. This informs the system of your future need for a resource. If you use the MOUNT command without previously using the ALLOCATE command for the same resource, MOUNT allocates the resource as well as mounting it. Note, however, that the implicit MOUNT allocation is cancelled when you use DISMOUNT. An explicitly allocated resource remains your property until you use DEALLOCATE to relinquish it. You can use MOUNT to assign a logical name to a resource. A tape volume set must always have a logical name. Therefore, if you do not assign a logical name when you allocate or mount a tape volume set, the system uses the first six alphanumeric characters, or up to the first non-alphanumeric character, as the default logical name. Format Format MOUNT resource:log-name/switch/switch... resource Where: resource is one of the following: o Disk structure or volume set name, such as DSKB:. o Tape volume set and identifiers, such as PAY-WK4:(PM34,PM35), where PAY-WK4 is the name of the volume set, and (PM34,PM35) is a list of the names of each tape in the volume set. o A logical name that was previously associated with a resource. o A physical device name. 2-199 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command Note that a tape mount request must include a volume identification. This is accomplished by including the volume identifier in the resource name, or by using the /SCRATCH, /VOLID or /REELID switch in the command line. log-name log-name is the logical name you assign to the device that you will use. The logical name can be up to 6 alphanumeric characters. The logical name is optional. Disk volume sets do not require a logical name, but you can assign one. Tape volume sets must have a logical name. If you do not assign a logical name to a tape volume set, the default logical name will be derived from the volume set name, using the first six characters, or up to the first non-alphanumeric character. If you assigned a logical name to the resource by using the ALLOCATE command, you can mount the device by typing: MOUNT log-name/switch/switch... Any switches that you specified in a previous ALLOCATE command, using the same resource name, become effective when you MOUNT the resource. However, you cannot specify any switches with MOUNT to change the switches you specified in the ALLOCATE command. Also, you cannot specify any further switches with the MOUNT command, except for non-status-setting switches such as /REMARK. This is because defaults are assumed when the request is ALLOCATEd. NOTE To MOUNT more than one device at a time, separate the volume set identifications with a comma (,). You can obtain a list of all the requests in the mount queue by typing MOUNT with no arguments or switches. The following is a list of the switches you can use with MOUNT. Some switches apply to both tape and disk volume sets, other switches apply to one or the other. The center column indicates the kind of volume set the switch applies to. 2-200 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command Switch Device Function Switch Device Function /ACTIVE Disk Requests that the volume set be placed in your job's active search list. (See the SETSRC program description in the _______ ____ _________ ______ TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual.) The structure will become part of the list that the system automatically uses to search for a file. This is the default function. This switch is the complement to /PASSIVE. /CHECK Tape Prints on your terminal a list of the Disk mount requests made by your job. /CREATE Disk Allows files to be created on the structure. This switch is the complement /NOCREATE. This switch implies the /ACTIVE switch. /DENSITY:n-BPI Tape Specifies the recording density (bits-per-inch) of the volume set. The argument (n) can be: 200, 556, 800, 1600, or 6250. The -BPI portion of the value is optional. /DISK Disk Identifies the volume set as a disk volume set. /EXCLUSIVE Disk Ensures that you will have exclusive access to the volume set. No other users will be allowed to access the resource. You must have the same project number as the owner of the volume set. /HELP Tape Prints a brief description of the Disk MOUNT command. 2-201 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command /LABEL-TYPE: Tape Specifies the kind of label processing arg to be used and indicates the label status of the tape. The label type is used to ensure that the correct tape has been mounted. The arguments and their meanings are: ANSI The label is formatted according to ANSI standards. BLP The tape may or may not have BYPASS labels, but it is treated as if it were unlabeled. This argument can only be used by privileged users. EBCDIC The label is formatted IBM in EBCDIC NOLABELS The tape does not have a NONE standard label. You will not UNLABELED be informed when the end-of-tape is reached. USER-EOT The tape does not have standard labels. However, it may have user labels. When the end-of-tape is reached, the user is notified. This is useful for programs such as BACKUP. /NEW-VOLUME-SET Tape Specifies that a new volume set is going to be created. The operator will choose a new tape or tapes for you. This switch implies /WRITE-ENABLE. /NOCREATE Disk Prevents the creation of files on this volume set unless you specify the volume set when you write the files. This switch is the complement to /CREATE and it implies /ACTIVE. /NONOTIFY Tape Does not notify you when your request is Disk finished. This is the default function. 2-202 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command /NOTIFY Tape Sets the system to inform you when the Disk resource is mounted or dismounted. The system sends a message to your terminal when any of the following occurs: o The resource is physically mounted. o The resource is dismounted by the operator without a request by your job. o Another volume in a tape volume set is mounted. o The disk structure is locked or unlocked by the operator. /NOWAIT Tape Allows you to continue working on the Disk system before the resource is mounted. This switch implies /NOTIFY and it is the complement to /WAIT. /PASSIVE Disk Requests that the structure be placed in your job's passive search list. (See the SETSRC program.) The system will not search for files on this structure unless you specify the structure name in the file specification. This switch is the complement to /ACTIVE. /QUOTA Disk Recomputes the usage quota on the specified structure. /READ-ONLY Tape Specifies that you will not write on the Disk volume set. Tape volume sets will be checked as they are mounted, to ensure that they are not write-enabled. This is the default for tape volume sets. On disk volume sets, the monitor will not update access dates. If you specify /EXCLUSIVE and /READ-ONLY, the operator may write-protect the volume set. This switch supersedes /RONLY, /WLOCK, and /WRITE:NO. 2-203 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command /REMARK:"text" Tape Allows you to send a message to the Disk operator identifying the volume to be mounted. The argument (text) can be up to 50 characters long. Use quotation marks if the text contains spaces or punctuation. /SCRATCH Tape Instructs the operator to mount a scratch tape. The operator will select a tape that is blank, with the intention of keeping the tape when you are finished with it. This switch implies /WRITE-ENABLE. /SHARABLE Disk Allows other users to access the resource. This is the default function. This switch is the complement to /EXCLUSIVE. /TAPE Tape Specifies that the volume set is a tape volume set. This switch is required when the volume set has the same name as a cataloged disk volume set. /TRACKS:n Tape Specifies the number of tracks on the tape. The value of n can be 7 or 9. /USER:[ppn] Tape Prints on your terminal a list of all Disk requests for a particular user. /VOLID:volid Tape Identifies the volumes in a tape volume set. This switch can be used only if the volid-list was not specified previously. If the volume set is comprised of more than one volume, the volids should be separated by commas, and the volid-list should be enclosed in parentheses. This switch supersedes /REELID. /WAIT Tape Ensures that the volume set will be Disk mounted before you continue working on the system. This is the default function. This switch is the complement to /NOWAIT. /WRITE-ENABLE Tape Ensures that you can write on the Disk volume set. For tape, the monitor checks each volume as it is mounted, to be sure that it is write-enabled. This is the default function for disk volume sets. 2-204 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command Associated Commands Associated Commands ALLOCATE Informs the system of your future need for a resource. DISMOUNT Removes the specified volume set from your job search list. If no other users are accessing the resource, and it is not a system structure, the volume set will be dismounted from the unit. DEALLOCATE Removes the resource from your job's list of allocated resources. SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources allocated and mounted for your job. SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of the jobs in the system queues. Characteristics Characteristics Runs the QUEUE program. Destroys your core image. Requires LOGIN. Example Example The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE, MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands. The resources are reserved for a multivolume tape volume set with the ALLOCATE command. The name of the volume set is TAPE-SET, and it contains three volumes. The logical name TS is assigned to the tape set. The tape is write enabled, and it does not have standard labels. .ALLOCATE TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE/LABEL:NONE [ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUESTS #672] A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job: .MOUNT DSKR: [MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED] 2-205 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command The job's resources are shown using the SHOW ALLOCATION command: ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again displayed: .MOUNT TS [MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673] [MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 After work is finished by accessing the tape set and the structure, the structure is dismounted. Because the structure was not explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated. .DISMOUNT DSKR [STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED] The tape volume set is dismounted: .DISMOUNT TS [VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED] 2-206 SYSTEM COMMANDS SYSTEM COMMANDS MOUNT Command The job's resources are displayed: .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0 --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0 At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can be dismounted and released from your job. The tape set is deallocated: .DEALLOCATED TS [VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED] .SHOW ALLOCATION ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434] VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN --------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- --- --- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1 --- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1 DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1 DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1 .