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TOPS-10
Operating System Commands Manual
| Electronically Distributed
|
|
|
| This manual contains descriptions of the TOPS-10
| monitor commands, their formats and their usage.
| This manual supercedes the TOPS-10 Operating
| System Commands Manual published in October, 1988.
| The order number for that manual, AA-0916F-TB, is
| obsolete.
Operating System: TOPS-10 Version 7.04
Software: GALAXY Version 5.1
digital equipment corporation maynard, massachusetts
| TOPS-10 Software Update Tape No. 04, December 1990
First Printing, July 1975
Revised, August 1977
Revised, March 1978
Revised, August 1980
Updated, July l982
Updated, February 1984
Revised, April 1986
Revised, October 1988
| Revised, June 1990
| Revised, December 1990
The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such
license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on
equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its
affiliated companies.
| Copyright C 1975, 1984, 1988, 1990 Digital Equipment Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
CI DECtape LA50 SITGO-10
DDCMP DECUS LN01 TOPS-10
DEC DECwriter LN03 TOPS-20
DECmail DELNI MASSBUS TOPS-20AN
DECnet DELUA PDP UNIBUS
DECnet-VAX HSC PDP-11/24 UETP
DECserver HSC-50 PrintServer VAX
DECserver 100 KA10 PrintServer 40 VAX/VMS
DECserver 200 KI Q-bus VT50
DECsystem-10 KL10 ReGIS
DECSYSTEM-20 KS10 RSX d i g i t a l
CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 JOBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 CONNECTING TO THE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.3 OPERATING SYSTEM MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.3.1 Interactive Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.3.2 Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.4 INTERACTIVE LEVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.4.1 Monitor Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.4.2 User Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.5 CONTEXTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.6 SPECIAL CHARACTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1.6.1 CTRL/C - Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1.6.2 DELETE Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1.6.3 CTRL/W - Delete Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1.6.4 CTRL/U - Delete Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1.6.5 CTRL/R - Reprint Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
1.6.6 CTRL/O - Cancel Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1.6.7 CTRL/S - Hold Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1.6.8 CTRL/Q - Resume Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1.6.9 CTRL/T - Job Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
1.7 TYPE-AHEAD CAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
1.8 COMMAND FORMATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
1.8.1 Command Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
1.8.2 Line Continuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
1.8.3 Command Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
1.8.3.1 Relative Date-Time Arguments . . . . . . . . 1-13
1.8.3.2 Absolute Date-Time Arguments . . . . . . . . 1-13
1.8.4 Command Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
1.8.4.1 Temporary Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
1.8.4.2 Permanent Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
1.8.5 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
1.9 FILE SPECIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
1.9.1 Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
1.9.1.1 Generic Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
1.9.1.2 Physical Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
1.9.1.3 File Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
1.9.1.4 Logical Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
1.9.1.5 Ersatz Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25
1.9.2 File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
1.9.3 Directory Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
1.9.4 Protection Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28
1.9.5 File Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
1.10 SYSTEM DEFAULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
1.11 WILDCARD CONSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
iii
1.12 SEARCH LISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34
1.13 LIBRARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35
1.14 DIRECTORY PATHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35
1.15 USER-DEFINABLE COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37
1.16 PROGRAMMING THE LN01 LASER PRINTER . . . . . . . 1-38
1.16.1 LN01 ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES . . . . . . 1-38
1.16.1.1 ESCape Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
1.16.1.2 Control Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
1.16.2 Font Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40
1.16.3 Loading Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM COMMANDS
2.1 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM COMMANDS
2.0.1 Job-Control Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.0.2 Information Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.0.3 Terminal-Control Commands . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.0.4 Terminal-Communication Commands . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.0.5 File-Handling Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.0.6 Device-Handling Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.0.7 Program-Preparation Commands . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.0.8 Program-Control Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.0.9 Network Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.0.10 MIC Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.1 COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
ACCOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
ALLOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
ASSIGN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
ATTACH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
BACKSPACE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
CANCEL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
CCONTINUE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
CLOSE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
COMPILE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
CONTEXT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40
CONTINUE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-43
COPY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45
CORE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-47
CPUNCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-49
CREF Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-60
CSTART Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-63
DAYTIME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66
DDT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-67
DEALLOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-71
DEASSIGN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-75
DEBUG Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-77
DECLARE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-86
iv
DELETE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-89
DEPOSIT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-91
DETACH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-93
DIRECTORY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-94
DISMOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108
DSK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-114
ENABLE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-116
EOF Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-118
EXAMINE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-119
EXECUTE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-121
FILE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-128
FINISH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-134
FUDGE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-136
GET Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-138
HALT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-140
HELP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-142
INITIA Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-147
JCONTINUE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-156
KJOB Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-157
LABEL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-161
LIST Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-163
LOAD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-165
LOCATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-172
LOGIN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-174
MAIL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-190
MAKE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-191
MERGE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-193
MIC Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-196
MOUNT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-199
NETWORK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-208
NODE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-216
PASSWORD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-219
PJOB Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-220
PLOT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-224
POP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-234
PRESERVE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-236
PRINT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-238
PROTECT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-250
PUNCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-252
PUSH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-253
R Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-281
REASSIGN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-283
REATTACH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-285
REENTER Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-287
RENAME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-289
RESOURCES Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-291
REWIND Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-292
RUN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-293
SAVE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-296
SCHED Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-298
SEND Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-300
SESSION Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-303
v
SET BLOCKSIZE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-305
SET BREAK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-306
SET CDR Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-310
SET CPU Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-311
SET DDT BREAKPOINT Command . . . . . . . . . . 2-313
SET DEFAULT BIGBUF Command . . . . . . . . . . 2-315
SET DEFAULT BUFFERS Command . . . . . . . . . 2-316
SET DEFAULT PROTECTION Command . . . . . . . . 2-317
SET DEFER Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-320
SET DENSITY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-323
SET DSKFUL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-324
SET DSKPRI Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-325
SET FORMAT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-327
SET HOST Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-328
SET HPQ Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-331
SET PHYSICAL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-333
SET RETRY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-335
SET SPOOL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-336
SET TERMINAL or TERMINAL Command . . . . . . . 2-338
SET TIME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-339
SET TTY or TTY Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-341
SET VIRTUAL LIMIT Command . . . . . . . . . . 2-351
SET WATCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-353
SHOW ALLOCATION Command . . . . . . . . . . . 2-357
SHOW QUEUES Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-361
SKIP Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-363
START Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-364
SUBMIT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-366
SYSTAT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-379
TECO Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-383
TIME Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-384
TPUNCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-386
TRANSLATE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-398
TYPE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-399
UNLOAD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-401
USESTAT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-402
VERSION Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-404
WHERE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-408
ZERO Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-410
APPENDIX A FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF COMMANDS
APPENDIX B SWITCH.INI FILES
APPENDIX C COMPILE-CLASS COMMANDS
C.1 INDIRECT COMMANDS (@ CONSTRUCTION) . . . . . . . . C-2
C.2 THE + CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
C.3 THE = CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
vi
C.4 THE < > CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
C.5 DEFAULT COMPILER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5
C.6 COMPILER SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
C.7 LINK SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-11
APPENDIX D STANDARD SYSTEM NAMES
D.1 FILE NAME EXTENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
D.2 RESERVED PROJECT-PROGRAMMER NUMBERS . . . . . . . D-7
D.3 ERSATZ DEVICE NAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9
APPENDIX E CARD CODES
APPENDIX F TEMPORARY FILES
APPENDIX G SIXBIT/ASCII CHARACTER CODES
INDEX
TABLES
1-1 Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
1-2 Generic Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
1-3 Protection Codes for Field 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1-29
1-4 Protection Codes for Fields 2 and 3 . . . . . . 1-30
2-1 Terminal Hardware Characteristics . . . . . . . 2-341
2-2 Fill Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-345
A-1 Functional Groups of Commands . . . . . . . . . . A-1
C-1 Processor Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7
D-1 File Name Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
D-2 Project-Programmer Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7
D-3 Ersatz Device Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9
E-1 ASCII Card Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
E-2 DEC-026 Card Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4
F-1 Temporary Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1
PREFACE
The TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual describes the commands
available to the users of the TOPS-10 Operating System. See the
TOPS-10 Operator's Guide for a description of all operator-privileged
commands.
Commands to TOPS-10 are presented in alphabetical order in Chapter 2
for easy reference.
Reference material for assembly language programming can be found in
the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual Volumes 1 and 2, the DECsystem-10
MACRO Assembler Reference Manual, and the DEC10/20 Processor Reference
Manual.
Getting Started with DECsystem-10 introduces first-time users to the
TOPS-10 operating system command language. You should read this
manual at least once before reading the TOPS-10 Operating System
Commands Manual. You should also be familiar with Introduction to
DECsystem-10.
SYNOPSIS OF TOPS-10 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMANDS MANUAL
Chapter 1 describes the components of the TOPS-10 operating system and
how to use them.
Chapter 2 lists the functional categories of commands, lists all the
commands alphabetically, and describes each command in detail.
Examples accompany the command descriptions.
The appendixes contain additional reference material.
viii
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL
The following conventions are used in this manual:
Convention Meaning
addr Program or location address
arg An argument to a command
c(addr) The contents of an octal address
core Refers to main (processor) memory
CTRL/x A control character. Control characters are explained
in Section 1.6.
date A date in the form of dd-mm-yy. For example, 22-11-93
represents November 22, 1993.
date-time The date and time in the standard format. (Refer to
Section 1.8.3.)
density The density of a magnetic tape
dev: Any logical or physical device name. A colon (:)
device-name must be included when a device name is part of a
file specification. Refer to Section 1.9.1.
[directory] A directory name. This can be either a UFD or an
[dir] SFD.
expression A numeric expression
file.ext A file name and a file extension, separated by a period
file name A name of a file
file-spec A file specification written in the format:
dev:file.ext[directory]. Refer to Section 1.9.
fs File structure
h High, referring to a job's high segment
hh:mm:ss The time of day using a 24-hour clock (0 through 23),
where hh is hours, mm is minutes, and ss is seconds
id An identifier
job A job number
ix
jobname The name of the job.
key A keyword to a command argument.
l Low, referring to a job's low segment
letter An alphabetic character
lh The left half of an octal word
line-number Refers to the number of the line
list A list of arguments
logical-name A logical device name, chosen by the user
log-name
log
memory The decimal number of memory words measured in K or P.
1K is equal to 1024 words; 1P (page) is equal to 512
words.
MFD A master file directory
<nnn> A protection code
nnnn A tape density
n A decimal number, such as a unit number
^name^ A DECtape identifier
nodelist A list of all the systems in a network environment
PPN A project-programmer number
program A program name
proj,prog A project-programmer number
[proj,prog] The name of a user-file directory
[ppn]
oo An octal number
rh The right half of an octal word
SFD A sub-file directory
spec A specification of a file
str A file structure name
x
/switch A command line modifier
time Refers to a time of day
UFD A user-file directory
v Version number
x A numeric or text variable
xx A node number in a device name
$ The symbol printed on your terminal when you press the
ESCape (ALTmode) key
^x A character that is printed when you press the CONTROL
key while you type a character key. For example,
typing a CTRL/C prints ^C at your terminal.
<DEL> Indicates when you should press the DELETE (RUBOUT) key
<RET> Indicates when you should press the RETURN key
<ESC> Indicates when you should press the ESCape (ALTmode)
key
| Vertical bars (|) in the left margin denote changes or
additions to the TOPS-10 Operating System since the
last printing of this manual
All examples, commands, switches, values, and arguments are shown in
uppercase. This is for the sake of distinction. Examples are shown
as they would appear on a terminal that does not have lowercase
ability.
MANUALS REFERENCED
The following manuals are referred to in the text of this manual:
Introduction to DECsystem-10
Getting Started with DECsystem-10
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Batch Reference Manual
TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual
TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual, Vols. 1 and 2
DECsystem-10 MACRO Assembler Reference Manual
xi
DEC10/20 Processor Reference Manual
TOPS-10 Operator's Guide
TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide
TOPS-10 LINK Programmer's Reference Manual
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language Manual
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 DECmail/MS Manual
TOPS-10 DDT Manual
TOPS-10 MAKLIB User's Guide
VT52 Owner's Manual
LN01 Programmer's Reference Manual
xii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
TOPS-10 is the name of the Timesharing Operating System for use on
DIGITAL's KL10 and KS10 systems. You communicate with the TOPS-10
operating system using the TOPS-10 command language. The TOPS-10
operating system is also called the monitor.
1.1 JOBS
TOPS-10 is a timesharing system; that is, the system transfers control
rapidly among a number of jobs, so that all jobs appear to be running
simultaneously. The term job refers to the entire sequence of steps
that you start from your terminal or card deck. You start a job from
your terminal by using the LOGIN command, and you use the KJOB command
to end your job.
You can initiate a job at a central computer site or from a remote
location.
After you initiate a job, you can initiate a second job without
terminating the first. For example, you can initiate a timesharing
job and, using the SUBMIT command, submit a second job for batch
processing. (The SUBMIT command is discussed in Chapter 2.)
When configuring and loading TOPS-10, the system administrator sets
the maximum number of jobs the system can process.
1.2 CONNECTING TO THE SYSTEM
Only authorized users have access to TOPS-10. Your system
administrator provides each authorized user with a user name, a
project programmer number (PPN), and a password. These identify all
users and their corresponding areas on file structures. When you
specify a directory area, your project-programmer number identifies
you. A comma separates the project and programmer numbers, and the
1-1
INTRODUCTION
entire PPN is enclosed in square brackets. For example, [27,4072].
1-2
INTRODUCTION
The project numbers range from 1 to 377777 (octal). The programmer
numbers range from 1 to 777777 (octal). Numbers 1 through 7 are
reserved for DIGITAL, and numbers 400000 through 777777 are reserved
for special purposes.
Your password is one to thirty-nine characters long and is used when
you log in to the system and when you attach to another job. (Refer
to the LOGIN and ATTACH commands, Chapter 2.) To maintain password
secrecy, the monitor does not echo your password on the terminal.
When you are using a terminal with local copy, a mask is printed when
you type your password, making the password unreadable.
1.3 OPERATING SYSTEM MODES
You can run jobs on the TOPS-10 operating system in two modes:
interactive mode and batch mode.
1.3.1 Interactive Mode
Jobs that run in interactive mode use a terminal to access the system.
The language you use to run a job is the command language. The
commands you type on the terminal are received and processed by the
command language interpreter of the TOPS-10 monitor. When your job is
in interactive mode, you complete your work at two levels: monitor
and user level. Section 1.4. discusses interactive levels.
1.3.2 Batch Mode
Batch jobs communicate with the system in batch mode. They are input
to the system from punched cards or from the terminal. Batch jobs are
handled by the batch command interpreter. For information about
TOPS-10 batch, refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Batch Reference Manual.
1.4 INTERACTIVE LEVELS
When your terminal is in interactive mode, your job is at one of two
levels, monitor level or user level.
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INTRODUCTION
1.4.1 Monitor Level
When your job is at monitor level, you are communicating with the
monitor. The command language interpreter processes each command you
type. The monitor prompts you with a period (.). Every monitor
command should follow this prompt. You end a monitor command by
pressing the RETURN key (<RET>).
The format of each command is variable because many commands are
followed by optional switches, arguments, or values. (See Section
1.8.)
Section 1.6 contains descriptions of the control characters and
special keys you use when typing commands.
1.4.2 User Level
When you type the operating system command RUN, followed by a program
name, your job moves from monitor level to user level. To move back
to monitor level, type CTRL/C. If the program is not waiting for
terminal input, it may be necessary to type CTRL/C twice. (Refer to
Section 1.6.1.)
Other commands also bring your job to user level. When your job is at
user level, you are working with a program other than the operating
system itself. Each program has its own set of commands and its own
command interpreter. This manual describes some system programs.
System programs usually prompt with an asterisk (*).
At user level, control characters and special keys can have a
different effect than they have at monitor level. Read the
description of each program to determine the effects of the control
characters and special keys.
The following example shows a dialogue with the system in an
interactive job:
Example
Monitor level:
.R SETSRC<RET>
User level and program response:
*T<RET>
DSKC:,DSKB:,FENCE
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INTRODUCTION
User level:
*A DSKN:<RET>
User level and program response:
*T<RET>
DSKC:,DSKB:,DSKN:,FENCE
CTRL/C to return to monitor level:
*^C
Monitor prompt at monitor level:
.
1.5 CONTEXTS
A core image is what a job's portion of memory contains at any given
time. The core image, as well as information about the monitor's
state with respect to your job, constitute a context. When you
initialize a program, your context usually changes. For instance,
running the DIRECT program creates a core image with the DIRECT
program in it. Exiting DIRECT and then running SYSTAT, for example,
destroys what you had in memory (the DIRECT program) and loads data
pertinent to SYSTAT.
Three commands allow you to display information about contexts, and
manipulate them in various ways. These commands are CONTEXT, PUSH,
and POP. CONTEXT and PUSH create additional contexts. POP returns
you to a superior context. When you work with multiple contexts, at
least one context is preserved while you work with the current
context.
You can work with multiple contexts by creating parallel contexts, or
creating inferior contexts. The default maximum number of contexts,
including current, parallel, and inferior, is four. The number of
contexts in use at any moment is shown by the CONTEXT command. You
can also use the CONTEXT command to create parallel contexts. You
might create a parallel context, run a frequently accessed program in
it, and then exit, returning to your previous context. Both contexts
now exist simultaneously. When you need to use the program in the
created context, simply switch to that context. You will not have to
wait for it to reinitialize. The full description of the CONTEXT
command in Chapter 2 gives an example of this procedure, including how
to create and access a parallel context.
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INTRODUCTION
The PUSH command allows you to create an inferior context. When you
return to your previous task in a superior context, the inferior
context is deleted. You return to the superior context using the POP
command. An inferior context could be used in the following
situation: If you were in the process of completing a task, and
needed to see some HELP text, you could create an inferior context,
read the HELP text you needed, destroy the inferior context and return
to the unchanged superior context. The system automatically creates a
new context for certain commands. The system manager can set the
system to create a new context when any monitor command is issued.
1.6 SPECIAL CHARACTERS
The command language interpreter recognizes several special characters
that cause specific functions to be performed.
These special characters are described in the following sections.
1.6.1 CTRL/C - Interrupt
When you type a CTRL/C (control-C), the monitor interrupts your
current running program and returns your terminal to monitor mode.
You must type two CTRL/Cs if your program is not requesting input from
your terminal (that is, if your program is executing). If you issue a
CTRL/C while typing a command in monitor mode, this character causes
the input line to be deleted. If you issue two CTRL/Cs while output
is being printed on your terminal, the output is ended.
Example
This example shows a program prompt. CTRL/C brings your job to
monitor level.
*^C
.
1.6.2 DELETE Key
When you press the DELETE (RUBOUT) key, the monitor deletes the last
character you typed. This function permits you to correct typing
errors. When you press the DELETE key n times, the monitor deletes
the last n characters that you typed. On hard-copy terminals the
monitor echoes all deleted characters on your terminal and encloses
the deleted characters in backslashes (\).
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On video terminals the deleted characters that you typed are removed
from the screen. However, you must inform the monitor of the kind of
terminal you are using. (Refer to the SET TTY command in Chapter 2.)
After you press RETURN or ESCape, you cannot use the DELETE function
on that line.
Example
Type the characters SET TTY TYPE L036, press the DELETE key 3
times, then type the correct characters.
.SET TTY TYPE L036\630\A36<RET>
.
1.6.3 CTRL/W - Delete Word
When you type CTRL/W (control-W), the monitor deletes the last word
you typed.
A word is defined as all spaces, tabs, and alphanumeric characters
until a nonalphanumeric character is encountered.
On video terminals, the deleted word is erased from the screen.
On hard-copy terminals, the deleted word is printed backwards between
backslashes.
Example
Type the characters SET TTY TYPE L036, type CTRL/W, and type the
correct characters.
.SET TTY TYPE L036\630L\LA36<RET>
.
1.6.4 CTRL/U - Delete Line
When you type CTRL/U (control-U), the monitor deletes your current
input line, back to the last time you pressed RETURN. On hard-copy
terminals, the monitor responds with a carriage-return/line-feed,
after which you can retype the line. On video terminals, the entire
line that you typed is removed from the screen. After you have
pressed RETURN, you can no longer use the line-editing features (for
example, CTRL/U and DELETE) on that line.
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INTRODUCTION
Example
Type CTRL/U.
.SETTTY ^U
Type the correct characters.
SET TTY LA36<RET>
.
1.6.5 CTRL/R - Reprint Line
When you type CTRL/R (control-R), the monitor reprints the current
input line. If you type a line incorrectly, then make corrections
using the DELETE key, the monitor will print the corrected line when
you type CTRL/R. The following is an example of this operation using
a hard-copy terminal:
Example
If you type:
SET TTQ<DEL>Y N0<DEL>O FILE<DEL>L
The line appears as:
.SET TTQ\Q\Y N0\0\O FILE\E\L
If you then press CTRL/R:
.SET TTQ\Q\Y N0\0\O FILE\E\L ^R
The monitor prints:
SET TTY NO FILL
When you type CTRL/R, the monitor issues a carriage-return/line-feed
before printing the corrected input line. The cursor or printing head
of your terminal is left at its previous location.
If a program such as your text editor uses CTRL/R for another purpose,
you can disable the CTRL/R function using the SET TTY RTCOMP command.
(See Chapter 2 for a complete description of this command.)
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INTRODUCTION
1.6.6 CTRL/O - Cancel Output
When you type CTRL/O (control-O), the monitor cancels output to your
terminal. This function is useful when a program begins to print a
long message that you are not interested in reading. If you do not
want to wait for the monitor to finish printing the message, you can
stop the monitor from printing the message one of two ways. First,
you can type two CTRL/Cs, but this action also stops the execution of
the program. Second, you can type a single CTRL/O.
When you type CTRL/O, the monitor continues executing your program,
but does not print any output on your terminal. The monitor begins
printing to your terminal when one of the following conditions occurs:
o The executing program requests input from your terminal.
o The program ends and returns control to the monitor.
o You type CTRL/C twice, which returns control to the monitor.
To start the output to your terminal again, type another CTRL/O.
1.6.7 CTRL/S - Hold Output
When you type CTRL/S (control-S), the monitor holds output to your
terminal. This control character works only after you have typed the
SET TTY PAGE command. (See Chapter 2.) This control character is
useful if you have a display terminal, and you have to stop the output
to read it. To read the rest of the output, type CTRL/Q.
1.6.8 CTRL/Q - Resume Output
When you type CTRL/Q (control-Q), the monitor resumes output to your
terminal. CTRL/S and CTRL/Q are useful when you are using a display
terminal. Used in conjunction with CTRL/S, you can stop and continue
output to your terminal, thus reading a file before it scrolls off
your display screen.
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INTRODUCTION
1.6.9 CTRL/T - Job Status
When you type CTRL/T (control-T), the monitor prints status
information pertaining to your job on your terminal. CTRL/T does not
echo on your terminal. There are 11 items of information output to
your terminal. These items are:
1. The incremental daytime (which is the time since you last
issued a CTRL/T or a USESTAT command) or the time since you
logged in if you have not issued a CTRL/T or a USESTAT
command. (For example, Day: :05:43.)
2. The incremental runtime, which is the CPU time used since you
issued a CTRL/T, USESTAT command, LOGIN command, or TIME
command. (For example, Run:0.48.)
3. The incremental disk reads, which is the number of disk
blocks read since you issued a CTRL/T, USESTAT command, LOGIN
command, or DSK command. (For example, Rd:75.)
4. Incremental disk writes, which is the number of disk blocks
written since you issued a CTRL/T, USESTAT, LOGIN, or DSK
command. (For example, Wr:8.)
5. The program name. (For example, SOS.)
6. The memory size. (For example, 12+19P.)
7. The current context number (for example, Ctx:1.)
8. The job state. The job state codes are described in the
SYSTAT command description in Chapter 2. (For example, ^C.)
An ampersand after the job state code indicates the job is
locked in core. An asterisk indicates the job is being run
or swapped.
9. The program counter, which is the address of the current
instruction. (For example, PC:400275.)
|
| 10. The CPU that the job last ran on. (For example, CPU0.)
11. The job state, which can be INPUT WAIT or OUTPUT WAIT. This
item is printed only when you type CTRL/T from user level.
(For example, OUTPUT WAIT FOR TTY21.)
This information can be obtained with the USESTAT command at monitor
level. However, by typing CTRL/T, you can determine your job's
progress without interrupting its execution. When you type CTRL/T,
the character is not passed to your job as an input character.
However, some programs activate a special interrupt feature when you
type CTRL/T. (See the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.)
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INTRODUCTION
If a system program, such as your text editor uses CTRL/T for another
purpose, you can disable the CTRL/T function using the SET TTY RTCOMP
command. (See Chapter 2 for a complete description of this command.)
Example
|
| Day: :05:43 Run:8.51 Rd:48 Wr:37 DIRECT
| 15+33P Ctx:1 ^C PC:400275 CPU0
1.7 TYPE-AHEAD CAPABILITY
Type-ahead allows you to type another command without waiting for the
monitor to respond to your first command. If you want two operations
performed, you can begin typing the request for the second operation
before you receive the prompt that the monitor prints after completing
the first operation. If an error occurs during the first operation,
the characters you typed ahead are ignored.
1.8 COMMAND FORMATS
The general format of each command is a line of ASCII uppercase or
lowercase characters or a mixture of uppercase and lowercase
characters. You type the commands after the monitor prints the
TOPS-10 prompt (.). The following are examples of valid TOPS-10
commands:
.DIRECT
.direct
.dirECT
If you type spaces or tabs before a command name, the system ignores
them. For example, the following commands produce the same result:
.DIRECT
. DIRECT
The commands you type to the command language interpreter are one to
six characters long. If you type any character past the sixth
character, the monitor ignores it. You need only type enough
characters to uniquely identify the command.
It is sometimes possible to abbreviate a command by typing characters
fewer than would make the command unique. This is not encouraged,
however, because uniqueness of a command may vary from monitor release
to monitor release. For this reason, you should use the whole command
in a batch control file.
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INTRODUCTION
1.8.1 Command Termination
You terminate every command to the command language interpreter by
pressing the RETURN key. For example:
.DIRECT<RET>
1.8.2 Line Continuation
You can continue a command line to some system programs, such as
DIRECT and QUEUE, by placing a hyphen (-) as the last nonblank,
noncomment character before you press the RETURN key. These programs
treat continuation lines as part of the current command line. This
feature allows you to type indefinitely long command lines. A line is
terminated by a <RET> that is not preceded by a hyphen.
1.8.3 Command Arguments
You specify arguments to a command after the command name and separate
them from the command name by a space. If the command language
interpreter recognizes a command name, but cannot find a necessary
argument, the monitor responds with the error message:
?TOO FEW ARGUMENTS
Example
The ASSIGN command requires arguments.
.ASSIGN<RET>
System error message:
?TOO FEW ARGUMENTS
TOPS-10 prompt:
.
After the monitor prints the error message, your terminal is left in
monitor mode, as indicated by the monitor prompt. You can then retype
the command.
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INTRODUCTION
1.8.3.1 Relative Date-Time Arguments - Certain commands require
arguments that specify a date or time. Date and time arguments can be
either relative or absolute. A relative argument specifies a certain
length of time from the current date or time. The format of a
relative argument is:
+number-of-daysD:hours:minutes:seconds
Where:
number-of-days is optional.
D is required if you specify number of days.
hours is optional if you specify number of days with
the letter D. Otherwise, hours is required.
minutes is optional.
seconds is optional. However, if you specify seconds,
minutes must also be given or seconds will be
interpreted as minutes.
You must type a colon to separate one field from the other. You can
precede a relative argument with an optional plus (+) or minus (-)
sign. The sign implies either past (-) or future (+). When you do
not specify number of days, you must precede the time with a plus sign
or a minus sign. For example:
-3D:4:27:21
means 3 days, 4 hours, 27 minutes, and 21 seconds ago. Similarly:
+4
means 4 hours from now.
1.8.3.2 Absolute Date-Time Arguments - An absolute argument specifies
a particular date or time. The format of an absolute argument is one
of the following:
o weekday:hours:minutes:seconds
o date:hours:minutes:seconds
o keyword:hours:minutes:seconds
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INTRODUCTION
Where: weekday is the day of the week or one of the following:
YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW.
This part of the argument is optional. The weekdays are
abbreviated as follows:
SUNDAY = SUN
MONDAY = MON
TUESDAY = TUES
WEDNESDAY = WED
THURSDAY = THUR
FRIDAY = FRI
SATURDAY = SAT
date is optional and has one of the following formats:
day-month-year (21-OCT-79)
month-day-year (OCT-21-79)
numeric month-day-year (10-21-79)
The month can be abbreviated. The abbreviations for
the months are JA, F, MAR, AP, MAY, JUN, JUL, AU, S, O,
N, and D.
The year and its preceding hyphen are optional, and, if
given, can be one, two, or four digits. For example,
0, 90, and 1990 will all be interpreted as the year
1990.
keyword is one of the following options:
LOGIN (time of login)
NOON
MIDNIGHT
hours is based on a 24-hour clock (0 through 23) and is
required if you omitted the weekday, date, or keyword, or if
you specify minutes.
minutes is optional unless you specify seconds.
seconds is optional.
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INTRODUCTION
The following example specifies Wednesday at 9:15:06 AM.
Example
WED:09:15:06
Because the date is known to be past or future from either the switch
used (/BEFORE and /SINCE imply past, /AFTER implies the future) or by
a plus or minus sign, an unspecified field is filled in so that the
result is the next or last occurrence of the specified date. If you
omit the time argument, the time defaults to 00:00:00 (midnight) if
past, and 23:59:59 (11 o'clock, 59 minutes, and 59 second PM) if
future.
Examples
/AFTER:SAT is after 23:59:59 next Saturday
/BEFORE:25-FEB is before last February 25th
/SINCE:JUL-3-85 is since July 3, 1985 at midnight
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INTRODUCTION
1.8.4 Command Switches
You can modify some commands by including a switch in the command
line. You precede each switch with a slash (/) and terminate it with
a nonalphanumeric character, usually <RET>, a comma, or another
switch. You can abbreviate the switch if its name remains unique.
Abbreviation is not recommended for batch control files. Valid
switches for each command are documented as part of the command
descriptions in Chapter 2. The following is an example of a command,
command argument, and command switch:
Example
.PRINT MYFILE.EXT/COPIES:2
1.8.4.1 Temporary Switches - The switches for COMPILE-class commands
are either temporary (local) or permanent (global). COMPILE-class
commands are further described in Appendix C. A temporary switch
applies only to the immediately preceding file. Do not place a space
or comma between the file name and the switch. In the command
construction:
.COMPILE PROG,TEST/MACRO,SUBLET
the /MACRO switch applies only to the file named TEST.
1.8.4.2 Permanent Switches - A permanent switch, sometimes called a
sticky switch, applies to all files following it on the command line,
until you modify it by a subsequent switch. You separate the switch
from the file name by spaces, commas, or a combination of both. For
example, using the /MACRO switch:
Examples
Temporary switch that affects PROG:
.COMPILE PROG/MACRO TEST,SUBLET
Temporary switch that affects PROG:
.COMPILE PROG/MACRO,TEST,SUBLET
Permanent switch that affects TEST and SUBLET:
.COMPILE PROG,/MACRO,TEST,SUBLET
Permanent switch that affects TEST and SUBLET:
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INTRODUCTION
.COMPILE PROG,/MACRO TEST,SUBLET
The COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, and DEBUG command descriptions in Chapter
2 list the switches for these commands.
1.8.5 Comments
You can type a comment on the same line as a command by preceding the
comment with a semicolon (;) or exclamation point (!). The monitor
and the batch command language interpreters do not attempt to
interpret the characters after the semicolon. Comment lines are
useful when you are using a hard-copy terminal, or making control
files for batch jobs. The following is an example of a line that
contains both a command and a comment:
.DIRECT ;will list names of files in default area <RET>
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INTRODUCTION
1.9 FILE SPECIFICATION
The system stores programs and data as named files. When they are
stored on DECtape or disk, files are identified by a file
specification. The file specification includes the following
identifications:
1. A device name or file structure name
2. A file name
3. A file name extension
4. An ordered list of directory names
5. An access protection code
The file specification is necessary to identify a disk file. If you
issue a file specification for devices other than DECtape or disk, the
monitor ignores them. File specifications are used to choose a file
from a directory, a set of files belonging to a specific user.
DECtapes and disks are the only directory-oriented devices. Items 4
and 5 in the above list do not apply to DECtapes.
The device name can be any valid device name described in the Section
1.9.1. Always type a colon following the device name. An example of
a device name is DSKC:.
A file name is one to six alphanumeric characters. The monitor
ignores all characters past the sixth. File names are discussed in
Section 1.9.2. An example of a device name and a file name is
DSKC:MYFILE.
The file name extension is a period (.) followed by zero to three
characters. It is used to indicate the type of information in the
file. (Refer to Appendix D for a list of standard file name
extensions.) For the most efficient use of system resources, use only
standard file name extensions, though other extensions can be valid.
Most programs recognize file names and extensions consisting only of
letters and digits. Often the term file name refers to both the file
name and the file extension. An example of a device name, file name,
and file extension is DSKC:MYFILE.TXT.
The directory name identifies the disk area where the file is stored.
This list can be a user file directory (UFD) represented by the
owner's project-programmer number, or a user file directory followed
by one or more sub-file directories (SFDs). You must enclose a
directory name in square brackets ([]). Directory names are discussed
in Section 1.9.3. An example of a device name, file name, file
extension and directory name is DSKC:MYFILE.TXT[21,589].
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INTRODUCTION
The access protection code of a file is a 3-digit octal code
designating the users who can read or write the file. The code must
be enclosed in angle brackets (< >), and you specify it only for
output files. For a given file, users are divided into three groups:
owner of the file, users with the same project number as the owner,
and all other users. The standard protection code is <057>, allowing
users in the owner's project to read and execute the file, and
preventing access by all other users. The standard protection code
may be different at your installation. Protection codes are described
in Section 1.9.4. An example of a full file specification is
DSKC:MYFILE.TXT[21,589]<055>.
The following information is necessary when you refer to a file:
o The file name.
o The device name, if the file is not on disk and not in your
default search list.
o The directory name, if the file is not in your directory.
The following information is optional in a file specification:
o The file name extension.
o The device name, if the file is on a file structure in your
search list.
o The directory name, if the file is in your directory.
o The protection code (if an output file).
Examples
File name and file name extension:
TEXT.MAC
Physical device name and file name:
DTA3:FILEA
Generic device name, file name, file name extension and directory
name:
DSK:PROG2.CBL[10,16]
A complete file specification: device name, file name, file name
extension, directory name, and protection code:
DSKA:MAIN.F4[27,235]<057>
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INTRODUCTION
1.9.1 Device Names
TOPS-10 supports a number of peripheral input/output devices to handle
data acquisition, storage, retrieval, and display. These devices are:
Card Punch Card Reader DECtape
Disk Display Terminal Graphics Display
Hard-copy Terminal Line Printer Magnetic Tape
Paper Tape Punch Paper Tape Reader Plotter
The monitor allocates a device to your job when you request access to
the device. (Refer to the ASSIGN and MOUNT commands in Chapter 2.)
Until you request a device, it resides in the system pool of available
resources.
To reference a device, you must specify a device name. In the command
descriptions in this manual, places where you must supply a device
name have the symbol dev: in the command line format. The types of
device names are listed in Table 1.1 and are described in Sections
1.9.1.1 through 1.9.1.5.
Table 1-1: Device Names
______________________________________________________________________
Type of Name Meaning
______________________________________________________________________
generic These specify a generic type of device such
as a disk (DSK:) or a magnetic tape (MTA:).
physical These specify a particular physical unit on
a specific controller such as MTA1:,
magnetic-tape unit number 1.
logical These are substitute names for devices. You
assign these names with the ASSIGN command.
ersatz These are names for ersatz (pseudo-disk)
devices normally used to contain libraries
or special directories.
system defined These are names defined by the system.
logical Each name corresponds to a physical unit so
long as the unit is declared to be the
system default for that unit.
______________________________________________________________________
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INTRODUCTION
1.9.1.1 Generic Device Names - The most general type of device name
is the generic device name. When you specify a generic name, the
monitor selects a free unit of the device type specified. When your
computer is in a network environment, the monitor chooses the device
from those devices at your location, or, if none are available, the
monitor chooses the device from the host (central) site.
A generic name can be two or three letters long and is followed by a
colon (:). The generic names are listed in Table 1-2.
Two-character generic names are less specific than three-character
generic names. For example, MT: means any magnetic tape unit, but
MTA: means any magnetic tape unit on controller A. When you specify
the generic name DSK: or DS:, the monitor uses your job search list to
determine which disk device should be selected for you. (Refer to
Section 1.12.)
Table 1-2: Generic Device Names
______________________________________________________________________
3-Letter 2-Letter
Device Device Name Device Name
______________________________________________________________________
Card punch CDP: CP:
Card reader CDR: CR:
Console terminal CTY: ---
DECtape DTx: DT:
Disk DSK: DS:
Packs DPx: DP:
RPx: RP:
Fixed head FHx: FH:
FSx: FS:
Display DIS: ---
Line printer LPT: LP:
lowercase/uppercase --- LL:
uppercase --- LU:
Magnetic tape MTx: ---
7-track --- M7:
9-track --- M9:
Operator terminal OPR: ---
Paper-tape punch PTP: PP:
Paper-tape reader PTR: PR:
Plotter PLT: ---
Pseudo-terminal PTY: ---
System library SYS: SY:
Terminal TTY: TT:
______________________________________________________________________
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INTRODUCTION
When you specify a generic name, the monitor selects the
lowest-numbered available unit of the device type specified. There
are two defaults when you specify a generic name:
1. When your program specifies DSK or DS, the system uses your
job search list.
2. When you specify TTY: or TT:, the monitor always selects your
terminal (assuming that these are not logical names).
1.9.1.2 Physical Device Names - Every I/O device has a physical name.
This name consists of the generic name, a letter indicating the
controller, and one numeric character indicating the unit number. For
example, the generic name MTA: indicates any magnetic tape unit on
controller A. However, MTA1: indicates magnetic tape unit 1 on
controller A.
1.9.1.3 File Structures - The TOPS-10 operating system organizes disk
devices into file structures. File structures are logical
arrangements of 128-word blocks on one or more disk units. A file
structure can exist on one disk unit, or it can be distributed over
several disk units designated by a single name. However, two file
structures cannot exist on the same unit.
The operator or system administrator assigns a name to every file
structure when he or she defines the system's file structures. This
name is one to four characters long, and cannot duplicate a physical
device name, a unit name, or an existing file structure name. The
recommended names for public file structures are DSKA:,
DSKB:,...,DSKO: in order of decreasing speed.
File structures are illustrated and explained in detail in the TOPS-10
Monitor Calls Manual Vol. 1.
1.9.1.4 Logical Device Names - You can assign a logical name to a
physical device. The monitor will recognize the name that you assign,
and associate the logical name with the physical device. You can
assign a logical name to a device using the ASSIGN command.
The logical name that you assign may be up to six alphanumeric
characters and may optionally be ended by a colon (:). Thereafter,
the monitor will use the device that you associated with the logical
name, when you or your programs specify that logical name. Logical
names are cleared by the DEASSIGN command. That is, use the DEASSIGN
command to disassociate logical names from devices. Logical names are
also cleared when you log off the system, and when you specify another
logical name for the same device.
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INTRODUCTION
Logical names are useful when you are writing a program that needs a
device, but you will not know until program execution what device you
will need. Use a logical name in the program to represent the device.
Before you run the program use the ASSIGN command to associate the
logical name with a physical device.
Logical names take precedence over physical names. Therefore, if you
assign the logical name DSK: to the device MTA3: (magnetic tape unit 3
on controller A), all output to generic DSK will go to the magnetic
tape.
Some names are recognized by the monitor as special system-defined
logical names that the monitor translates into physical device names.
One example is the generic device name OPR:. The generic name OPR: is
the system-default logical name for the operator's terminal.
Therefore, the terminal specified as OPR: can change during system
operation; but if you send a message to OPR:, the message will be
routed to the last physical device declared to be the operator's
terminal at your node.
All devices except terminals can be designated as being restricted
devices. You request a restricted device from the system pool of
available resources by issuing the MOUNT command. This command
requires operator intervention before the specified device is assigned
to your job. The system deassigns a restricted device from your job
when you log off the system or issue the DISMOUNT, DEASSIGN, or FINISH
command.
Unrestricted devices are assigned to your job on a first-come,
first-served basis when you issue the MOUNT or ASSIGN command. The
device assignment remains in effect until you release the device by
issuing a DEASSIGN command or a FINISH command, or you log off the
system.
The following example illustrates the use of both physical and logical
device names.
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INTRODUCTION
Example
You request a DECtape drive with the logical name ABC:
.ASSIGN DTA: ABC:
The monitor gives you unrestricted device DTA0: (DECtape number 0
on controller A). You then mount a DECtape on drive DTA0:
DTA0 ASSIGNED
You request any paper-tape punch and request that the logical
name ABC: be assigned to it.
.ASSIGN PTP: ABC:
The monitor prints a warning message, telling you that the
logical name was previously assigned to another device. The
monitor changes the logical-name assignment, so that the logical
name ABC: now refers to the paper-tape punch.
%LOGICAL NAME WAS IN USE, PTP0 ASSIGNED
You run the system program PIP.
.R PIP
You issue a command string to PIP asking that file FILEA.EXT be
transferred from device DTA0: to logical device ABC: (physical
device PTP0:).
*ABC:=DTA0:FILEA.EXT
You type a CTRL/C, returning your job to monitor mode.
*^C
You request another DECtape drive and request that logical name
DEF: be assigned to it.
.ASSIGN DTA: DEF:
The monitor prints a message telling you that all DECtape drives
are in use by the specified jobs. The monitor does not assign a
DECtape drive or a logical name to your job.
?ALREADY ASSIGNED TO JOB 13
1-24
INTRODUCTION
You request that DECtape unit 0 (which you already have assigned
to you) be assigned the logical name DEF:
.ASSIGN DTA0: DEF:
DECtape unit 0 takes on the logical name DEF:.
DTA0 ASSIGNED
You deassign the paper-tape punch, clearing the logical name
ABC:.
.DEASSIGN PTP:
You run the system program PIP.
.R PIP
You request that the file FILEB is to be transferred from device
DEF: to device ABC:
*ABC:=DEF:FILEB
TOPS-10 prints an error message indicating that the logical
device name ABC: is no longer assigned.
?DEVICE ABC DOES NOT EXIST
You type a CTRL/C, returning your job to monitor mode.
*^C
You request drive DTA0: (DECtape drive 0) again and request that
the logical DEF: be changed to XYZ:
.ASSIGN DTA0: XYZ:
The system disassociates the logical name DEF: from DTA0:.
DECtape unit 0 takes on the logical name XYZ:.
DTA0 ASSIGNED
1.9.1.5 Ersatz Device Names - An ersatz device is a disk-simulated
library. Although you specify an ersatz device like a file structure,
an ersatz device represents a particular project-programmer number on
a disk structure. Ersatz device names are three characters long.
Appendix D contains a complete list of the ersatz device names used by
TOPS-10.
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INTRODUCTION
1.9.2 File Names
Data and programs are stored in the system files. Files are used to
arrange and protect data and programs. The essential part of a file
specification is the file name. You name a file when you create,
rename, or copy it.
The file name that you choose must be one to six alphanumeric
characters long. It is possible to use non-alphanumeric characters,
but some symbols have a special meaning to the system (see Section
1.10), and some programs may not recognize non-alphanumeric
characters.
The file name is divided into the name of the file and the file
extension. The format is:
FILE.EXT
Where FILE is the name you choose to distinguish the file, and .EXT is
a standard or non-standard file extension. The period (.) is used to
separate the file name from the file extension.
It is recommended that you use standard file extensions where
applicable. The standard file name extensions are listed in Appendix
D. File extensions are optional. You can name or specify a file
without an extension.
File names and extensions can be changed using the RENAME command.
1.9.3 Directory Names
Your directory is a file that serves as an index to your other files.
There are directories on three levels of file storage:
The directories in a file structure are indexed by the Master
File Directory (MFD) of that structure.
The files in your directory area are indexed by your User-File
Directory (UFD). Your UFD is designated by your
project-programmer number enclosed in brackets. The following is
a valid directory name:
[30,112]
A Sub-File Directory (SFD), is a directory you can create to
arrange the files in your UFD. A file in your UFD points to the
SFD. This file has the same name as the SFD, with an extension
of .SFD. SFDs are discussed in Section 1.14.
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INTRODUCTION
The directory name is an optional part of a file specification.
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INTRODUCTION
1.9.4 Protection Codes
Every file has a protection code. The code tells who can and cannot
access the file. The protection code consists of three octal digits.
Each digit specifies the amount of protection against a group of
users. The first (leftmost) digit is the protection code for the
owner of the file; the middle digit is the protection code for all
users having the same project number as the file owner; the last
(rightmost) digit is the protection code for all other users. For
example:
<0 5 7>
| | |
| | |
| | Protection code for all other users.
| |
| |
| Protection code for all members of file owner's
| project.
|
|
Protection code for the file owner.
Ordinarily, the owner of a file is the user whose programmer number
matches the User File Directory (UFD) containing the file, regardless
of the project number. That is, a user logged in under the [27,4072]
project-programmer number is assumed to be the owner of files in the
User File Directory [44,4072]. This feature can be set by the
installation; therefore it may not be set at your own installation.
The access protection codes for the Owner Field (Field 1) are listed
in Table 1-3; the access protection codes for Fields 2 and 3 are
listed in Table 1-4.
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INTRODUCTION
Table 1-3: Protection Codes for Field 1
______________________________________________________________________
Owner Protection Codes
Code Accessibility by Owner
______________________________________________________________________
7*, 6* You can execute, read, or change the protection code of
the file.
5* You have unlimited access to the file, except for
renaming it.
4* You have unlimited access to the file.
3 You can execute, read, or change the protection code of
the file.
2 You have unlimited access to the file, except for
renaming it.
1, 0 You have unlimited access.
______________________________________________________________________
* The File Daemon is called on a protection failure on this file
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INTRODUCTION
Table 1-4: Protection Codes for Fields 2 and 3
______________________________________________________________________
Project-members and Other User Protections
Code Access Privileges
______________________________________________________________________
7 The user cannot access the file.
6 The user can only execute the file.
5 The user can execute or read the file.
4 The user can execute, read, or append to the file.
3 The user can execute, read, append to, or update the
file.
2 The user can execute, read, append to, update, and write
to the file.
1 The user can execute, read, append to, update, write to,
and rename the file.
0 Unlimited access, including changing the protection code
of the file.
______________________________________________________________________
When you create a file, and you do not specify a protection code to be
associated with the file, the system uses one of the following default
protection codes:
o The default protection code that is defined in your
SWITCH.INI file on the LOGIN line, using the /DEFPROT switch.
o The default protection code you previously specified with the
SET DEFAULT PROTECTION command.
o The standard TOPS-10 default protection code that is defined
by your installation (usually <055> or <057>).
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INTRODUCTION
1.9.5 File Daemon
The File Daemon, a system program, may determine the protection status
of files with a file protection code of 4, 5, 6, or 7 in the owner's
protection field. (Protection codes are discussed in Section 1.9.4.)
When you set such a protection, a protection violation causes the File
Daemon to access a file named ACCESS.USR. The file ACCESS.USR is a
list of the protected files and the users who may access them. If you
have no such file, or if the File Daemon is not running, the user who
attempted to access the file receives an error message, and cannot
access the file. The File Daemon and the file ACCESS.USR are
described in the FILDAE Specification in the TOPS-10 Notebook Set.
1.10 SYSTEM DEFAULTS
The operating system contains defaults for many arguments, switches
and parts of file specifications. Defaults are the values or
instructions that the system uses if you do not specify those values
or instructions in the command string.
Some system defaults are set by the system administrator when he
generates the monitor. Other defaults are set according to your
project-programmer number when you log in. There are commands that
allow you to set some defaults, which will be effective until you
change those defaults or log off the system.
File specification defaults are determined by the system according to
the program you are running, the search list, and the directory path
of your job. Search lists and directory paths are discussed in
Sections 1.12 and 1.14.
1.11 WILDCARD CONSTRUCTIONS
You can use wildcard constructions with many command strings. A
wildcard is an asterisk used to specify a part of a file
specification, or a question mark used to replace a character in a
file specification field.
You use the asterisk (*) as a wildcard to designate an entire part of
a specification.
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INTRODUCTION
Examples
All files with this file name and any extension:
file-name.*
All files with this extension and any file name:
*.ext
All files:
*.*
All files in directories with this project number and any
programmer number:
*.*[project,*]
You can use the question mark as a wildcard to designate a character
of a file specification. You type a question mark for each character
that is to be matched. For example, PR?? matches four characters or
less, of which the first two are PR.
Examples
All files with this file name and any extension beginning with M:
file-name.M??
All files with this extension and any file name up to five
characters, beginning with TES:
TES??.ext
All files with file names of two characters or less and a file
name extension of three characters or less:
??.???
All files in directories with the project number 25 and a
programmer number 500 through 577:
*.*,[25,5??]
You can specify the asterisk and the question mark in the same command
construction:
All files with file names of two characters or less:
??.*
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INTRODUCTION
The DIRECTORY and QUEUE programs recognize a number sign (#) in the
file specification to indicate that SIXBIT octal code follows. For
example,
.DIR #640000000000.
gives the same directory listing as
.DIR T.
because 120000000000 is the 36-bit left-justified SIXBIT code for the
character "T". This function is useful for file names which contain
special characters. Although the SIXBIT code for an asterisk is
120000000000, the command line
.DIR #120000000000.
would not give the same directory listing as
.DIR *.
because the first command would list only a file literally named *.
The second command would interpret the * as a wildcard and would list
all files without extensions.
You cannot mix SIXBIT code and regular characters within the file name
or within the file extension. However, you can combine a SIXBIT file
name with a regular file extension and vice versa.
Appendix G contains a chart of SIXBIT and ASCII character codes.
You can specify a directory name with the project number, the
programmer number, or both numbers missing from the specification.
The following examples represent directory specifications.
[15,23] The User-File Directory [15,23]
[,30] The UFD that has your project number and the
specified programmer number (30)
[36,] The UFD that has the specified project number
(36) and your programmer number
[,] Your UFD
[-] Your default directory, which can be
different from your UFD. (See the SETSRC
Program description in the TOPS-10 User
Utilities Manual.)
[,,SUB1,SUB2] The sub-file directory SUB2 under the
sub-file directory SUB1 in your UFD
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INTRODUCTION
1.12 SEARCH LISTS
A search list is a list of file structures listed in the order that
the operating system will search through them for a file. There are
two types: the system search list and a job search list.
The system search list, designated by the ersatz device name SSL:,
contains all files pertinent to the daily operation of the system. It
is the same for every job on the system. Only the system
administrator can define and change this list. However, you may
display the system search list using the SETSRC program.
Some of the types of files kept in the system search list file
structures include: accounting files, help and documentation files,
compilers, and system programs.
The job search list, designated by the ersatz device name DSK:, lists
structures that contain user files for an individual job. The system
administrator creates the default job search list for each new user
account. You can display, add, remove, and rearrange the file
structures in your job search list using the SETSRC program. (Refer
to the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual for more information about
SETSRC.) The MOUNT and DISMOUNT commands also modify your job search
list. (MOUNT and DISMOUNT are described in Chapter 2.)
For example, in the following command line
.MAKE TEST.LIS
the system uses the system search list to find the program (TECO)
invoked by the MAKE command. The system uses your job search list to
find your user file TEST.LIS.
The format of the job search list is:
fs/switch,fs/switch,...FENCE,fs/switch...
Where: fs is the file structure name,
FENCE is a logical delimiter to separate the active search
list from the passive structures.
/switch indicates how the file can be accessed (read only,
for example).
The job search list has two parts, the active search list and the
passive search list. The active search list is the list of file
structures on the left side of the fence. The system searches each of
these file structures from left to right.
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INTRODUCTION
The passive search list is to the right of the fence. It is composed
of the file structures that you removed from the active search list
using the SETSRC program. Therefore, when you first log in, you have
no structures in your passive search list. The file structures in the
passive search list are not searched by the the monitor, but are used
to compute disk usage when you log off the system.
1.13 LIBRARIES
The system libraries contain compilers, system programs and other
important files. Wherever a device can be specified, an ersatz device
may be specified instead. An ersatz device is a monitor-defined
logical name for a directory specification. There are several special
ersatz devices defined for some libraries. There are three separate
PPNs, [1,3], [1,4], and [1,5], where system library files can be
stored. The standard version of a file or program is usually found on
SSL:[1,4].
The newest version of a file, sometimes in an experimental or untested
state, can sometimes be found in the [1,5] system library. NEW: is a
special ersatz device. When the operating system looks for a file on
NEW: it will first look on SSL:[1,5]. If the file is not found there,
however, it will next look on SSL:[1,4] for the same file. Likewise,
an outdated version of a file might be found on OLD:, which searches
SSL:[1,3] before SSL:[1,4].
The current system library for the job is called SYS:. By default
SYS: is SSL:[1,4] or the standard system library. You may, however,
change the default definition of SYS: by specifying the /NEW switch to
LOGIN or to the SETSRC program. This changes the definition of SYS:
to be NEW:. In other words, the system looks on SSL:[1,5] before
looking on SSL:[1,4]. When you use the R command, the program comes
from SYS:.
LIB: is the job's library directory. If you define LIB:, any file the
system cannot find on DSK: will be searched for in the user-file
directory (UFD) defined in LIB:. LIB: may be set by the SETSRC
program.
1.14 DIRECTORY PATHS
A directory path is an ordered list of directory names, starting with
a user-file directory, that uniquely identifies a directory.
Directory names are discussed in Section 1.9.3.
The default directory path for your job can be any directory: your
job's user-file directory (UFD), a sub-file directory (SFD) in your
job's UFD, a UFD different from your job's UFD, or an SFD in a
different UFD.
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INTRODUCTION
You can change your default directory path using the SETSRC program.
See the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual for more information about
SETSRC.
Sub-file directories allow you to organize your files, and to access
them in sets. Any directory acts as an index to a set of files. An
SFD is pointed to by a file in the UFD, or by a higher-level SFD. You
create SFDs with the CREDIR program, and you can nest them in any
structure, to the level that is predetermined by the system
administrator. The maximum level to which SFDs can be nested is five.
(See the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual for more information about the
CREDIR program.) Nested directories form a directory tree structure,
which is illustrated in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.
The following example shows the creation and use of an SFD and
directory paths.
Example
Show a list of all the files in your UFD with a file extension
.TST.
.DIRECT *.TST<RET>
NUMB TST 0 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5434]
109 TST 5 <055> dd-mmm-yy
FILL TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
PAY3 TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
TOTAL OF 7 BLOCKS IN 4 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434]
Run the CREDIR program.
.R CREDIR<RET>
CREATE DIRECTORY: [27,5434,TEST]<RET>
CREATED DSKC:[27,5434,TEST].SFD/PROTECTION:775
Create a sub-file directory called TEST. Then exit from the
CREDIR program.
CREATE DIRECTORY: ^C
Request a list of all your files named TEST.
.DIR TEST.*<RET>
TEST FOR 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5434]
TEST SFD 1 <775> dd-mmm-yy
TOTAL OF 2 BLOCKS IN 2 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434]
The directory shows an SFD named TEST.
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INTRODUCTION
Use the RENAME command to transfer all files with the extension
.TST from your UFD to your SFD.
.RENAME [27,5434,TEST]=*.TST<RET>
FILES RENAMED:
DSKC:NUMB.TST
DSKC:109.TST
DSKC:FILL.TST
DSKC:PAY3.TST
Show that your UFD no longer lists the files with the extension
.TST.
.DIR *.TST<RET>
%WLDNSF NO SUCH FILES AS DSKC:*.TST[27,5434]
Show that the files have been transferred to the SFD
[27,5434,TEST].
.DIR [27,5434,TEST]<RET>
NUMB TST 0 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5434,TEST]
109 TST 5 <055> dd-mmm-yy
FILL TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
PAY3 TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
TOTAL OF 7 BLOCKS IN 4 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5434,TEST]
1.15 USER-DEFINABLE COMMANDS
User-definable commands are available at both the system programming
level and at the monitor command level for the timesharing user.
As a timesharing user, you use the DECLARE command to define a command
to run a specified program for your job. This can be done during a
timesharing session, or you can include the DECLARE command in a
SWITCH.INI file. Any program can be invoked with a user-defined
command.
For example, you can define COMPAR as a user-defined command to
execute the FILCOM program as follows:
.DECLARE COMPAR=SYS:FILCOM.EXE<RET>
You can also use DECLARE to display your job's command list. The
commands in the following list were defined previously.
.DECLARE/LIST<RET>
COMPAR LOOK EDIT DISKSP
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INTRODUCTION
Use the COMPAR command. Use CTRL/T to display the current state of
your job, including the name of the program that is running. Note
that, although CTRL/T is shown here, it does not echo on your
terminal. CTRL/Z is used to exit FILCOM and return to the monitor.
.COMPAR<RET>
*<CTRL/T>
Day: 14.83 Run: 0.14 R2.5 Wr:6 FILCOM 3+4P TI PC:401570
Input wait for TTY70:
^Z
.
For more information on user-definable commands, see the DECLARE
command.
1.16 PROGRAMMING THE LN01 LASER PRINTER
This section describes the use of escape and control sequences, which
you use to direct printing on the LN01 laser printer. Font loading,
which is one application of control sequences, and font management are
also discussed. For a detailed discussion of programming on the LN01,
refer to the LN01 Programmer's Reference Manual.
1.16.1 LN01 ESCAPE AND CONTROL SEQUENCES
You can use escape and control sequences to specify tab stops or
margins, change fonts within a file, or indicate the text's
orientation, for instance. ESCape and control sequences are typed in
as part of a file you want to print on the LN01 laser printer. Every
time the printer encounters the characters that introduce an escape or
control sequence, it regards the next few characters as instructions,
until it encounters a final character (described below). However, you
must specify the /PRINT:GRAPHICS switch to the PRINT or QUEUE command
in order for the sequences to be interpreted. Otherwise, these
characters will be printed as part of the file.
For a complete description of all valid escape and control sequences,
please refer to the LN01 Programmer's Reference Manual.
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INTRODUCTION
NOTE
You use the ESC control character as the first
character of all escape and control sequences. When
referred to here, it means that you actually press the
ESC key. Since the ESC key is interpreted as a
function by most text editors, consult the reference
manual to find out how your editor can actually print
the ESC control character. The examples in this
section use a dollar sign ($) to show that the ESC
control character has been pressed.
1.16.1.1 ESCape Sequences - An escape sequence can have three
sections: an introducer, intermediate characters, and a final
character. You must include the escape sequence introducer, which is
the ESC control character, and the final character; the intermediate
characters are optional. Intermediate characters define the
interpretation of the sequence. The final character indicates the end
of a string, and is defined by the function requested in the sequence.
The following sequence shows how to reset a printer to a known state:
ESC control character
| Final character
| |
| |
$ c
The characters are spaced here for clarity only. The sequence must
appear as $c to actually be interpreted by the LN01. Case is
significant when final characters are alphabetic.
1.16.1.2 Control Sequences - The format for control sequences is
similar to that of escape sequences. However, control sequences begin
with an ESC control character and a left square bracket. Also, one or
more parameters are allowed before the intermediate character(s).
Parameters are separated by the use of a semicolon (;).
Numeric parameters that designate length (such as specifying 5 inches)
are given in terms of points or decipoints. A point is a unit of
length equal to 1/72 of an inch. A decipoint, then, is a length of
1/720 of an inch. In these units, 5 inches equals 360 points or 3600
decipoints.
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INTRODUCTION
A sequence using length in points is below. In this example, the left
margin is set to 5 inches (360 points), and the right to 8 inches (576
points).
$[ 3 6 0 ; 5 7 6 s
| | |
| | Final character
| |
| Numeric parameter
|
Control sequence characters
In this example, a control sequence is used to clear all horizontal
tab stops.
$[ 3 g
| | |
| | Final character
| Numeric parameter
Control sequence characters
Remember, as with escape sequences, there should be no blank spaces
between the characters. (They would appear in the file as "$[3g".)
1.16.2 Font Management
The LPTSPL program supports font management for the LN01 laser printer
by means of a font handler. LPTSPL requires the LPFONT.INI file to
automatically process fonts by name. LPFONT.INI resides on
SSL:[5,36,LN01]. LPFONT.INI maps the font names to the files in which
the actual fonts are kept. Font files must be kept in the same area.
LPFONT.INI has the format:
filenm = fontnm1<TAB>fontnm2<TAB>...<TAB>fontnmN
Where: filenm is the six character filename of the font.
fontnm is an alphanumeric string from 1 to 30 characters long,
representing a fontname. Each fontname must be separated by
at least one tab character, and the line must be ended with a
carriage return/line feed.
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INTRODUCTION
1.16.3 Loading Fonts
When you want to print a file using non-standard fonts, you have two
options. You may use the either /FONT:fontnm or /PRINT:GRAPHICS
switches to the PRINT or QUEUE commands.
Use the /FONT:fontnm switch when you want an entire file printed in
the same font. LPTSPL loads the font you request, and the LN01 prints
your file in the font you specified.
The /PRINT:GRAPHICS switch allows you to dynamically load fonts, so
that you can print a file in several different fonts. The Load
Character Set (LCS) and Assign Character Set (ACS) sequences are used
to prepare the fonts for printing. If you are using fonts which
reside on the ersatz device FNT: ([5,36,LN01]), you do not need to
explicitly specify the LCS sequence; LPTSPL loads the character sets
for you. You will always need to place an ACS sequence at the
beginning of your file. The ACS sequence assigns a font name to a
number. You refer to this number immediately before the text you want
printed in that font. The text continues printing in that font until
you specify a new font. For example, if you assigned 13 to represent
a Times Bold font, and 14 to represent Times Italic, you could print
text in those fonts using the following:
$[13mPrint in Times Bold and $[14mnow switch to Italic
In the above example, the ESC/square bracket combination indicates a
control sequence is about to follow, the 13 and 14 represent the
fonts, and the letter m is the final character. For more information
on font programming on the LN01, refer to the LN01 Programmer's
Reference Manual.
1-41
2-1
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM COMMANDS
Not all TOPS-10 commands apply to all system configurations. Also,
you or your system administrator can add and delete commands.
Therefore, although this chapter contains detailed information on all
of the TOPS-10 commands, not all of them may be available to you.
2.1 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF COMMANDS
In Section 2.1, the TOPS-10 commands are divided into functional
groups. Each section contains:
o A discussion of a functional group.
o A list of the commands that make up the functional group.
Section 2.2 contains a detailed description of each command. The
commands are arranged in alphabetical order.
Appendix A of this manual contains a table that lists the commands by
functional description, including a short description of each command.
This table is included for reference, so that you can find a command
by its function. Please read the description of each command in
Section 2.2 before using the command.
2-1
2-1
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM COMMANDS
Not all TOPS-10 commands apply to all system configurations. Also,
you or your system administrator can add and delete commands.
Therefore, although this chapter contains detailed information on all
of the TOPS-10 commands, not all of them may be available to you.
2.0.1 Job-Control Commands
Job-control commands control the state of your job. You can use them
to create, detach, and terminate your job. Also, you can change the
accounting profile and privilege status of your job. The job control
commands are:
ATTACH CONTEXT DECLARE
DETACH DISABLE ENABLE
KJOB LOGIN PASSWORD
POP PUSH REATTACH
SESSION
2.0.2 Information Commands
The information commands allow you to gain information from the
monitor. You can obtain information about your job, your program, the
operating system, or your terminal characteristics. The information
commands are:
ACCOUNT ALLOCATE CONTEXT CORE
CPUNCH DAYTIME DIRECTORY DSK
HELP INITIA MOUNT NETWORK
NODE PJOB PLOT PRINT
PUNCH QUEUE RESOURCES SCHEDULE
SET WATCH SHOW ALLOCATION SHOW QUEUES SUBMIT
2-1
SYSTEM COMMANDS
SYSTAT TPUNCH USESTAT VERSION
WHERE
2.0.3 Terminal-Control Commands
Terminal-control commands allow you to set the characteristics of your
terminal, and to see the characteristics that are set for your
terminal. The terminal-control commands are:
INITIA SET TERMINAL
SET TTY TERMINAL
TTY
2.0.4 Terminal-Communication Commands
You can use the operating system to communicate with a user at another
terminal. The commands that allow you to do this are:
MAIL PLEASE SEND
2.0.5 File-Handling Commands
You can use the operating system to create, change, and store files.
You can create and change directories. You can output files to
various devices. The file-handling commands are:
CLOSE COPY CPUNCH
DELETE DIRECTORY EOF
FILE LIST MAKE
PLOT PRESERVE PRINT
PROTECT PUNCH QUEUE
RENAME SET DEFAULT PROTECTION SUBMIT
TECO TPUNCH TYPE
ZERO
2.0.6 Device-Handling Commands
You can use the operating system to control peripheral devices. The
2-2
SYSTEM COMMANDS
device-handling commands are:
ALLOCATE ASSIGN BACKSPACE
CANCEL CLOSE CPUNCH
DEALLOCATE DEASSIGN DISMOUNT
EOF FINISH LABEL
LIST LOCATE MOUNT
PLOT PRINT PUNCH
QUEUE REASSIGN REWIND
SET BLOCKSIZE SET CDR SET DEFER
SET DENSITY SET FORMAT SET RETRY
SET SPOOL SKIP TPUNCH
UNLOAD
2.0.7 Program-Preparation Commands
The program-preparation commands help you to write a program, change
it, debug it, and obtain information about it. These commands help
you to run programs more easily and effectively. The
program-preparation commands are:
CLOSE COMPILE CREF
DDT DEBUG DEPOSIT
EOF EXAMINE FUDGE
LOAD MAKE MERGE
SET BREAK SET DDT BREAKPOINT TECO
2.0.8 Program-Control Commands
Program-control commands help you to control your program while it is
running and after it has been run. These commands are used to start
and stop execution, save the core image, manipulate the core area, and
to facilitate the execution of your program. The program-control
commands are:
CCONTINUE CONTEXT CONTINUE
CORE CSTART EXECUTE
GET HALT (CTRL/C) JCONTINUE
LOAD MERGE POP
PUSH R REENTER
RUN SAVE SSAVE
SET BREAK SET CPU SET DEFAULT BIGBUF
SET DEFAULT BUFFERS SET DSKFUL SET DSKPRI
SET HPQ SET PHYSICAL SET TIME
2-3
SYSTEM COMMANDS
SET VIRTUAL START
2.0.9 Network Commands
Network commands help you to use a data network system. They allow
you to use the resources on another system, and get information about
the network configuration. The network commands are:
ASSIGN LOCATE
NETWORK NODE
SET HOST WHERE
2.0.10 MIC Commands
MIC (Monitor Interpreted Commands) allows you to create a new command
by writing any desired sequence of monitor and MIC commands in a
command file. Some MIC commands are briefly described here, and are
more fully described in the file MICV2.DOC.
DO Executes a MIC command file.
or
@
BACKTO Specifies a label at which MIC processing is to
GOTO resume within the command file.
COJOB Creates a COJOB.
ERROR/ Specifies an error condition character.
NOERROR
IF Conditionally processes a monitor command.
LET Changes the values of user parameters.
MIC Passes a subcommand to MIC.
OPERATOR/ Introduces a line requiring user attention.
NOOPERATOR
SILENCE/ Suppresses/resumes output to the terminal.
REVIVE
WHENEVER/ Changes the default action wherever a particular
2-4
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ON event occurs.
2.1 COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
ACCOUNT Command
Function
If the monitor is running usage file accounting software, the
ACCOUNT command prints the account you are logged in under (set
by a LOGIN or SESSION command) on your terminal. If you do not
have an account, the monitor issues only a carriage-return.
Format
ACCOUNT
After you press RETURN, the monitor prints the account you are
logged in under.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal in monitor mode.
Requires LOGIN.
Examples
1. This example indicates that you do not have an account
string.
.ACCOUNT<RET>
.
2. The ACCOUNT command prints the string TS547 as the name of
your account.
.ACCOUNT <RET>
TS547
.
2-5
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
ALLOCATE Command
Function
The ALLOCATE command informs the system that you will need a
resource. A resource is a tape or disk unit. With ALLOCATE, you
can reserve a resource from the system and assign a logical name
to the resource you will use.
An allocated resource can contain all the specifications
necessary when the resource is mounted. The switches that you
specify with the ALLOCATE command will be retained and applied
when you use the MOUNT command to mount the same resource.
The ALLOCATE command allocates a resource, and the SHOW
ALLOCATION display will show such a resource as both allocated
and mounted. If you use the ALLOCATE command to explicitly
allocate a resource, you will be granted extended ownership over
the resource. For example, if a resource that you have
explicitly allocated and mounted goes off-line unexpectedly (as
when the operator dismounts it), your mount request for that
resource will be automatically requeued, and the resource will be
mounted for your job when it comes on line.
Format
ALLOCATE resource:log-name/switch/switch...
Where: resource is the name of the resource that is to be
allocated. The colon (:) in the resource name is
optional. The resource name is one of the following:
o A disk structure or volume set name, such as DSKB:.
o A tape volume set name and volume identifiers, such
as PAY-WK(PM34,PM35) where PAY-WK is the volume set
name, and (PM34,PM35) is a list of the volumes in
the volume set.
o A tape volume identifier of a single-tape volume
set.
o The logical name previously associated with a
resource.
o A physical device name.
2-6
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
Note that a tape allocation request requires a volume
identification. If you do not include the volume set
name followed by volume identifiers, you must supply
the /VOLID switch.
log-name is the logical name you can assign to the
resource that you will use. The logical name can be up
to 6 alphanumeric characters. A tape volume set must
always have a logical name. If you do not specify a
logical name for a tape volume set, the system defaults
to the first six characters of the volume set name, or
up to the first non-alphanumeric character of the
volume set name. A disk volume set does not require a
logical-name.
To allocate more than one volume set, separate the
volume set identifications with commas.
/switches are always preceded by a slash. Some
switches can be used for any kind of volume set; others
are restricted to either tape or disk volume sets only.
NOTE
The logical name and switches that you specify
in the ALLOCATE command string are saved by the
system, and are applied when you MOUNT the
volume set.
You can obtain a list of the resources that are allocated and
mounted for your job by typing ALLOCATE with no arguments or
switches. The output is the same as the output from the SHOW
ALLOCATION command.
The following is a list of the switches you can use with
ALLOCATE. The center column lists the kind of resource(s) the
switch applies to.
Switch Device Function
/ACTIVE Disk Requests that the volume set be placed
in your job's active search list when
the structure is mounted. (See SETSRC
in the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual).
The structure will become part of the
list that the system automatically uses
to search for a file. This is the
default. Complement to /PASSIVE.
/CHECK Tape Prints a list of all the allocation
Disk requests for your job. (Same as
ALLOCATE with no arguments or switches.)
2-7
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
/CREATE Disk Allows files to be created on this
structure. This switch is the
complement to /NOCREATE and implies the
/ACTIVE switch.
/DENSITY:n-BPI Tape Specifies the recording density
(bits-per-inch) of the volume set. The
density (n) can be: 200, 556, 800,
1600, or 6250. The -BPI portion of the
value is optional.
/DISK Disk Identifies the volume set as a disk
volume set.
/EXCLUSIVE Disk Ensures that you will have exclusive
access to the resource. No other users
will be allowed to access the resource.
You must have the same project number as
the owner of the volume set.
/HELP Tape Prints a brief description of the
Disk command.
/LABEL-TYPE:arg Tape Specifies the kind of label processing
to be used and indicates the label
status of the tape. The arguments and
their meanings are:
ANSI The label is formatted
according to ANSI standards.
BLP The tape may or may not have
BYPASS labels, but it is treated as
if it were unlabeled. Only
privileged users can use this
switch.
EBCDIC The label is formatted in
IBM EBCDIC.
USER-EOT The tape does not have
standard labels. However, you
will be informed at the end of
tape. Volume switching (for
multivolume tape volume sets)
will not be performed
automatically. Therefore, the
user program is responsible
for mounting subsequent tapes.
This is useful for programs
that create unique labels,
such as BACKUP.
2-8
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
UNLABELED The tape is not labeled. When
NONE a new tape is mounted from the
NOLABELS same volume set, you will not
be notified. The switching of
tapes in the volume set will
be handled automatically by
the system. You will not be
informed when the end of tape
is reached.
/NEW-VOLUME-SET Tape Specifies that a new volume set is going
to be created. The operator will choose
tapes for your job from a pool of
available tapes. This switch implies
/WRITE-ENABLE.
/NOCREATE Disk Prevents the creation of files on this
volume set, unless you specify the
volume set when you write the file.
This switch is the complement to /CREATE
and it implies /ACTIVE.
/NONOTIFY Tape Does not inform you when the resource is
Disk mounted or dismounted.
/NOTIFY Tape Sets the system to inform you when the
Disk resource is mounted or dismounted. The
system sends a message to your terminal
when any of the following occurs:
o The resource is physically mounted.
o The resource is dismounted by the
operator without a request by your
job.
o Another volume in a tape volume set
is mounted.
o The disk structure is locked or
unlocked by the operator.
/PASSIVE Disk Requests that the structure be placed in
your job's passive search list. (Refer
to SETSRC program.) The system will not
search for files in the structure unless
you specify the structure name in the
file specification. This switch is the
complement to /ACTIVE.
/QUOTA Disk Removed.
2-9
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
/READ-ONLY Tape Specifies that you will not write on the
Disk volume set. Tape volume sets will be
checked as they are mounted, to ensure
that they are write-locked. This is the
default for tape volume sets.
On disk volume sets, the monitor will
not update access dates. If you specify
both /EXCLUSIVE and /READ-ONLY, the
operator may write-lock the structure.
/REMARK:"text" Tape Allows you to send a message to the
Disk operator identifying the volume to be
mounted. The argument (text) can be up
to 50 characters long. Use quotation
marks around the text if it contains
spaces or punctuation marks.
/SCRATCH Tape Instructs the operator to mount a
scratch tape. By implication, a scratch
tape will be returned to the system's
pool of available tapes, after you are
finished with it. This switch implies
/WRITE-ENABLE.
/SHARABLE Disk Allows other users to access the
resource. This is the default function.
This switch is the complement to
/EXCLUSIVE.
/TAPE Tape Specifies that the volume set is a tape
volume set. This switch is required
when the volume set has the same name as
a catalogued disk volume set.
/TRACKS:n Tape Specifies the number of tracks on the
tape. The value n can be 7 or 9.
/VOLID:volid Tape Identifies the volumes in a tape volume
set. This switch can be used only if
the volid-list was not specified
previously. If the volume set is
comprised of more than one volume, the
volids should be separated by commas,
and the volid-list should be enclosed in
parentheses.
/WRITE-ENABLE Tape Ensures that you can write on the
Disk volume set. For tape, the system checks
each volume as it is mounted to be sure
that it is write-enabled. This is the
default for disk volume sets.
2-10
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
Associated Commands
MOUNT Makes a device available to you.
DISMOUNT Removes the specified volume set from your job's
search list. Dismounts the volume set if you
have exclusive access to it.
DEALLOCATE Removes the specified resources(s) from your
job's list of allocated resources.
SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources that are
allocated and mounted for your job.
SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of system queues.
CANCEL Cancels a mount or queue request.
Characteristics
Runs the QUEUE program.
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
Example
The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE,
MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands. The resources are
reserved for a multivolume tape volume set with the ALLOCATE
command. The name of the volume set is TAPE-SET, and it contains
three volumes. The logical name TS is assigned to the tape set.
The tape is write enabled, and it does not have standard labels.
.ALLOCATE TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE/LABEL:NONE<RET>
[ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #672]
A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job:
.MOUNT DSKR:<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED]
2-11
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
The job's resources are shown using the SHOW ALLOCATION command:
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again displayed:
.MOUNT TS<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
After work is finished by accessing the tape set and the
structure, the structure is dismounted. Because the structure
was not explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated:
.DISMOUNT DSKR<RET>
[STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED]
The tape volume set is dismounted:
.DISMOUNT TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED]
2-12
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ALLOCATE Command
The job's resources are displayed:
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can be
deallocated. The tape set is dismounted:
.DEALLOCATE TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
---------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
.
2-13
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ASSIGN Command
ASSIGN Command
Function
The ASSIGN command allocates an input/output device to your job
until you log out or until you issue a REASSIGN, FINISH, or
DEASSIGN command. (Device names are discussed in Section 1.9.1.)
When an assignment is performed, the system prints a message
indicating the name of the physical device assigned to your job.
You can ASSIGN any unrestricted device to your job.
Format
ASSIGN node-id_device-name: logical-name:
Where: node-id is an identifier of the node from which the
device is to be assigned. This identifier can be
either a node name or a node number. The node-id is
optional. If you omit the node-id, the node to which
your terminal is connected is assumed.
The node-id and the device name must be separated by an
underscore (_).
device-name: is any physical device name or previously
assigned logical name. (Device names are discussed in
Section 1.9.1.)
logical-name is a logical name that you request to be
assigned to the physical device. Separate the physical
device name from the logical name with a space. This
argument is optional. Subsequent ASSIGN commands
replace the old logical name with the new one. Logical
names are disassociated from the devices when you issue
the DEASSIGN command.
Characteristics
Leaves your job at monitor level.
Does not destroy your core image.
2-14
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ASSIGN Command
Associated Messages
If the assignment is successful, the system prints a message in
the following format:
device-name: ASSIGNED
where device-name is the physical device name . If you specify a
restricted device, the monitor prints the following message:
?DEVICE NOT ASSIGNABLE
You can access restricted devices using the MOUNT command. The
following message occurs when the device is assigned to another
job:
?Already assigned to job n
Where: n is the number of the job to which the device is
assigned.
Examples
1. Assign line-printer number 2.
.ASSIGN LPT2:<RET>
LPT262 ASSIGNED
.
2. Assign the logical name SYS to DSKB.
.ASSIGN DSKB: SYS:<RET>
DSKB: ASSIGNED
.
3. Assign the logical name TAPE to DTA5.
.ASSIGN DTA5: TAPE<RET>
DTA5: ASSIGNED
.
4. Assign a card reader from node COMET to your job.
.ASSIGN COMET_CDR:<RET>
CDR701: ASSIGNED
.
2-15
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ATTACH Command
ATTACH Command
Function
The ATTACH command detaches your current job (if you are logged
in) and connects your terminal to a detached job.
To prevent unauthorized access to detached jobs, the monitor
temporarily creates a new job when you specify the
project-programmer number argument. This temporary job runs
LOGIN, which asks for your password. If the temporary job
exceeds the system's maximum job capacity, you may be unable to
attach to the specified job. In this case, your first job
remains detached. You will be unable to ATTACH to any job until
there is room in the system.
Formats
ATTACH
ATTACH job [ppn]/switch
ATTACH job/switch
ATTACH [ppn]/switch
ATTACH user/switch
Where: job is the job-number of the job to which your terminal
is to be attached.
[ppn] is the project-programmer number of the desired
job. You must enclose the PPN in square brackets ([]).
If you are trying to attach from one job to another,
and both have the same PPN, you can omit the
project-programmer number argument.
user is the user-name associated with the desired job.
/switch is one of the following options:
/HELP:keyword Prints the HELP text. Valid keywords
are ARGUMENTS, SWITCHES, and TEXT. The
ARGUMENTS keyword displays a list of
valid switches and arguments. The
SWITCHES keyword displays only a list of
switches without detailed information.
The TEXT keyword displays the full HELP
text. TEXT is the default keyword.
/HELP may be abbreviated to /H.
/MAILCHECK: If YES, checks for the existence of
YES or NO new mail.
2-16
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ATTACH Command
/MONITOR Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
/SETTTY: If YES, sets terminal parameters as
YES or NO specified with the /TERMINAL switch.
/TERMINAL:key Defines the terminal characteristics.
key is a keyword. The keywords for
/TERMINAL are described after the
switches.
/USER Leaves your terminal at user level.
/Terminal Keywords
The /TERMINAL switch takes a list of parameters to specify
terminal attributes. You can include multiple keywords for the
/TERMINAL switch, in which case you must enclose them in
parentheses and separate them with commas. Valid keywords are:
ALTMODE:yes-no Do [not] convert ASCII 175 and 176 to
ESCAPE (Altmode (ASCII 33)).
BLANKS:yes-no Do [not] print blank lines.
CRLF:yes-no Do [not] give a free CRLF at right margin.
DEFER:yes-no Do [not] set deferred echo mode.
DISPLAY:yes-no Terminal is [not] a display terminal.
ECHO:yes-no Do [not] set terminal echo.
EIGHTBIT:yes-no Do [not] set 8-bit mode.
ESCAPE:chr Set <ESCAPE> translation character to chr.
FILL:dnum Set filler class to dnum (0<=dnum<=3).
FORM:yes-no Terminal does [not] have hardware form
feeds.
GAG:yes-no Do [not] accept SEND messages at user
level.
LC:yes-no Terminal does [not] have lowercase
characters.
LENGTH:dnum Set the terminal screen length to dnum.
LOCALCOPY:yes-no Do [not] set terminal to local copy.
2-17
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ATTACH Command
NOFILL Do not set terminal fill (same as FILL:0).
QUOTE:yes-no Do [not] enable control-V character
quoting.
RTCOMP:yes-no Do [not] disable special effects of R and
T.
RCVSPEED:n Set terminal receive speed to n baud.
SBELL:yes-no Do [not] ring the bell when output is
stopped due to exceeding STOP/SSTOP value.
SPEED:dnum Set receive and transmit speed to dnum
baud.
STOP:dnum Set the terminal STOP counter to dnum.
SSTOP:dnum Set the terminal SSTOP counter to dnum.
TABS:yes-no Terminal does [not] have hardware tabs.
TAPE:yes-no Do [not] allow XON to start paper-tape
reader.
TYPE:xxx Set terminal type to xxx.
UNPAUSE:chr Set the unpause character to chr.
UC:yes-no Terminal does [not] have uppercase
characters only.
WIDTH:dnum Set carriage width to dnum columns.
XONXOFF:yes-no Do [not] allow S/Q to pause output.
XMTSPEED:dnum Set terminal transmit speed to dnum baud.
Switches of the form /*xxxxxx are unique to one character.
The asterisk is NOT part of the switch name. The following
is a list of possible arguments which may be accepted by
some switches and keywords:
args A list of keywords and optional arguments.
atxt A possibly quoted string of ASCII characters.
You must include quotation marks if the string
contains any characters other than alphanumerics
or a dash.
2-18
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ATTACH Command
chr A single, possibly quoted character or an octal
constant.
cnum Core argument: decimal number followed by
optional K or P.
dnum Decimal number followed by optional K, M, or G.
filespec A standard TOPS-10 file designator of the form
dev:file.ext[path].
onum Octal number followed by optional K, M, or G.
pathspec A standard TOPS-10 path designator of the form:
[project#,programmer#,sfd1,sfd2,...].
prefix A prefix is the last three characters of the
"[LGNxxx ...]" or "%LGNxxx ..." messages.
stxt A possibly quoted string of SIXBIT characters.
You must include quotation marks if the string
contains any characters other than alphanumerics
or a dash.
yes-no Switch and keyword arguments may either be NO,
YES, OFF (no), ON (yes), 0 (no), or 1 (yes). In
addition, you can precede the switch or keyword
name with NO to negate its action (such as
/NOxxxxxx instead of /xxxxxx:NO).
Characteristics
Does not destroy the core image of either job.
Does not require that you be logged in.
Restrictions
Remote users cannot attach to jobs with a project number of 1.
Batch programs cannot use this command.
2-19
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ATTACH Command
Examples
1. Look at jobs 1 and 5 with SYSTAT.
.SYSTAT 1 5<RET>
1 27,5434 DET QUOLST 36+62 to 6 #
#MEANS NON-SYSTEM HI-SEG
5 27,5434 TTY31 SYSTAT 19+SPY RN 25 $
$ MEANS EXECUTE ONLY
Output shows that job 1 is detached, and job 5 is attached to
terminal number 31.
You attach to job 1 from job 5.
.ATTACH 1<RET>
FROM JOB 5
The two jobs have the same project-programmer number;
therefore, neither the project-programmer number nor the
password is required.
Check jobs 1 and 5 again.
.SYSTAT 1 5<RET>
1 27,5434 TTY31 SYSTAT 19+SPY RN 25 $
$ MEANS EXECUTE ONLY
5 27,5434 DET SYSTAT 24+SPY ^C 23 $
$ MEANS EXECUTE ONLY
Job 1 is now attached to TTY31, and job 5 is detached.
2. You log in to the system. You are given job 7; terminal
number 116 is attached to your job (7).
.LOGIN 27,235<RET>
JOB 7 R5743A SYS #40/2 TTY116
PASSWORD: <RET>
hh:mm dd-mmm-yyyy TUE
You attach to an existing detached job (35) with a different
PPN. This automatically detaches your current job (7). You
enter the correct password at the prompt and LOGIN attaches
your terminal to job 35.
.ATTACH 35<RET>
PASSWORD:<RET>
FROM JOB 7
2-20
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ATTACH Command
You attach to job 7 again. You do not need to enter a
password because job 7 has your original PPN.
.ATTACH 7<RET>
FROM JOB 35
You attach to job 35 again, but you mis-type the password.
LOGIN does not give you a second chance.
.ATTACH 35<RET>
PASSWORD:<RET>
?CAN'T ATTACH TO JOB
2-21
SYSTEM COMMANDS
BACKSPACE Command
BACKSPACE Command
Function
The BACKSPACE command spaces a magnetic tape backward a specified
number of files or physical records. This command runs the
COMPIL program, which interprets the command before running PIP.
Formats
BACKSPACE MTAn: x FILES
This command skips backward x files.
BACKSPACE MTAn: x RECORDS
This command skips backward x records.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Runs the PIP program.
Destroys your core image.
Examples
1. Backspace 7 records on the tape on MTA2.
.BACKSPACE MTA2: 7 RECORDS<RET>
.
2. Backspace 11 files on the tape on MTA3.
.BACKSPACE MTA3: 11 FILES<RET>
.
2-22
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CANCEL Command
CANCEL Command
Function
The CANCEL command deletes the specified request from the
specified queue. You can delete the request before it is
started, or you can terminate the request after it has been
started.
Format
CANCEL request-type request-id/switch
Where: request-type is any of the following:
BATCH-REQUEST
CARD-PUNCH-REQUEST
MOUNT-REQUEST
PAPER-TAPE-REQUEST
PLOTTER-REQUEST
PRINTER-REQUEST
The request-type argument can be abbreviated to a
unique set of characters.
request-id is a request identification. This can be
any one of the following:
o The request-id number. The request-id number is
assigned to the request when it is made, and it is
displayed with the SHOW QUEUES command.
o The job name of the request.
o A wildcard construction representing the job names
of several requests. The standard wildcards (* and
?) are valid, as well as the percent sign (%) to
represent a single character. Wildcards are
described in Section 1.11. Note, however, that the
asterisk (*) wildcard cannot be used to specify
mount requests.
2-23
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CANCEL Command
There are two switches that can be used to specify the CANCEL
command:
Switch Function
/HELP Prints information on your terminal about the
CANCEL command. When you use this switch, no
requests are cancelled.
/JOBNAME:name Specifies the name of the job. This switch is
used to specify the name of the job when the
request-id is the same as the name of another
job.
Associated Messages
The following message is printed if the request cannot be
cancelled:
NO JOBS CANCELED
This may be the result of trying to cancel a request over which
you have no authority.
Characteristics
Runs the QUEUE program.
Destroys your core image.
Example
The following example illustrates the use of the CANCEL, MOUNT,
and SHOW QUEUES commands.
A mount request is made for the structure GAL0:
.MOUNT GAL0:/NOWAIT<RET>
The mount queue is displayed with the SHOW QUEUES command:
.SHOW QUEUES MOUNT<RET>
MOUNT QUEUE:
VOLUME STATUS TYPE WRITE REQ# JOB# USER
------ ------- ---- ------- ---- ---- -----------------------
BLKA WAITING DISK ENABLE 650 35 MARTIN,C [30,5621]
GAL0 WAITING DISK LOCKED 672 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
THERE ARE 2 REQUESTS IN THE QUEUE
2-24
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CANCEL Command
To cancel the mount request, the user issues the CANCEL command:
.CANCEL MOUNT GAL0<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST FOR GAL0 CANCELED]
Again, the mount queue is displayed:
.SHOW QUEUES MOUNT<RET>
MOUNT QUEUE:
VOLUME STATUS TYPE WRITE REQ# JOB# USER
------ ------- ---- ------- ---- ---- -----------------------
BLKA WAITING DISK ENABLED 650 35 MARTIN,C [30,5621]
THERE IS 1 REQUEST IN THE QUEUE
.
2-25
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CCONTINUE Command
CCONTINUE Command
Function
The CCONTINUE command starts program execution, leaving your
terminal at monitor level.
Format
CCONTINUE
To use:
1. Begin running a program.
2. Exit from user mode by typing two CTRL/Cs.
3. Type CCONTINUE to allow the previously begun program to
continue running from the point at which you interrupted it.
Your terminal is left at monitor level.
4. You can now use commands that do not require core, or you can
detach from your job and create a new job to run other
programs.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Requires core.
Associated Commands
CONTINUE - Continues the operation of your program, bringing your
terminal back to user level.
START - Starts the program from the beginning or from the
specified address, leaving your terminal at user level.
CSTART - Starts the program from the specified address or from
the beginning, but leaves your terminal at monitor level.
NOTE
If your program requires terminal I/O, the
CCONTINUE command allows the program to run only
to that point. The program then waits for
terminal I/O, before it continues executing. Use
the CONTINUE command to re-enter user level and
2-26
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CCONTINUE Command
accept or input the required I/O.
2-27
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CCONTINUE Command
Example
This is a program that finds all the numbers up to 10,000 and
writes them out to disk.
.TYPE NUMBER.FOR<RET>
N = 0
100 N = N + 1
IF (N .EQ. 10000) GO TO 300
WRITE (22, 201) N
GO TO 100
201 FORMAT (1X, I14,' IS BETWEEN 1 AND 10000')
300 STOP 'DONE'
END
Execute the program.
.EXECUTE NUMBER.FOR<RET>
FORTRAN: NUMBER
NUMBER
LINK: LOADING
[LNKXCT NUMBER EXECUTION]
^C
^C
Type two CTRL/C's to halt the program.
Continue the program, leaving your terminal at monitor level.
.CCONTINUE<RET>
Type CTRL/T for job status. CTRL/T does not echo on your
terminal.
DAY: 8.85 RUN: 2.05 RD:0 WR:0 NUMBER 4+15P RN* PC:000175
The status message RN* indicates the program NUMBER is running.
Detach from the job to do work on another job.
.DETACH<RET>
FROM JOB 19
.
.
.
2-28
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CCONTINUE Command
Later, attach to your original job.
.ATTACH 19 [27,5434]<RET>
PASSWORD:<RET>
Type CONTINUE to re-enter user level.
.CONTINUE<RET>
System message (see NOTE).
?PLEASE TYPE ^C FIRST
Type CTRL/C and CONTINUE, to enter user level.
.^C
.CONTINUE<RET>
Program message indicates execution is finished. The file
containing data from this program is named FOR22.DAT, and is
stored in your default disk area.
DONE
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME:4.60 ELAPSED TIME:12:12.83
EXIT
.
NOTE
It is necessary to type CTRL/C to re-enter user level,
because the program is running. The program must be
interrupted so that your terminal can access it.
2-29
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CLOSE Command
CLOSE Command
Function
The CLOSE command terminates any input or output currently in
progress on the specified device.
Although most programs close files when they finish executing a
command string, the CLOSE command is provided for a program that
does not terminate or a program that is being debugged. This
command causes all files which are open for output to be closed.
If a CLOSE is not done, the next RESET by a command (R, RUN, GET)
or program deletes any partially written disk files.
Format
CLOSE dev:
Where: dev: is the logical or physical name of the device on
which I/O is to be terminated. dev: cannot refer to a
disk device. This argument is optional.
If dev: is omitted, I/O is terminated on all devices,
except for the job's controlling terminal, and all
files are CLOSEd.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Restrictions
You cannot continue the program after using CLOSE, but you can
restart at the beginning of your program or you can access DDT.
You cannot specify a disk device as an argument.
2-30
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CLOSE Command
Examples
1. Terminate input from the paper-tape reader number 2.
.CLOSE PTR2:<RET>
.
2. Terminate I/O from all devices except your terminal.
.CLOSE<RET>
.
3. Attempt to terminate I/O from DSKB: assigned logical name
DEVA.
.ASSIGN DSKB: DEVA<RET>
DSKB assigned
.
.
.
.CLOSE DEVA<RET>
?Not legal for disk-like devices
.
2-31
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
COMPILE Command
Function
The COMPILE command produces relocatable binary files (.REL
files) and/or compilation listings for specified source program
files. The system determines which language compiler to use by
the source file extension or by switches you specify in the
command string. If you do not supply any switches in the command
string, but you do use a standard extension, the system uses the
following compilers:
Source File Extension Compiler Used
.ALG ALGOL compiler
.BLI, .B10 BLISS-10 compiler
.CBL COBOL compiler
.F4 or .FOR FORTRAN compiler
.FAI FAIL compiler
.MAC MACRO assembler
.PAL PAL10 compiler
.PAS Pascal compiler
.P11 MACY11 assembler
.SAI SAIL compiler
.SIM SIMULA compiler
.SNO SNOBOL compiler
NOTE
The compiler cannot be changed with a switch, but it
can be specified with a switch when the source file
has an unrecognizable or no extension. If the source
file has a non-standard extension, and you do not
specify the compiler in a switch, FORTRAN is used as
the default compiler. All standard file extensions
are listed in Appendix D.
Usually, the system translates the source file if there is no
corresponding binary (.REL) file, or if the date and time of the
source file is later than the date and time of the binary file.
If the binary file is newer than the source file, the system does
not generate a new .REL file.
This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the
command before running the appropriate language compiler.
FAIL, MACY11, SAIL, and SNOBOL are recognized as compilers only
if the appropriate assembly switches are set at your
installation.
2-32
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
Each time you issue the COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG
commands, the system remembers the command, with its arguments,
in a temporary file on disk or in TMPCOR if they are small
enough. When you issue one of these commands without an
argument, it causes the system to use the argument saved in the
temporary file.
The COMPILE command accepts several command constructions: the @
construction (indirect commands), the + construction, the =
construction, and the < > construction. Refer to Appendix C for
a complete description of each of these constructions.
Format
COMPILE file-spec/switch,file-spec/switch,...
Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of
file specifications, separated by commas. The standard
file specification consists of: a device name, a file
name (with or without an extension), and a directory
name. If you omit the file specification argument, the
system uses the argument specified in a previous
COMPILE-class command, if possible. (Refer to Section
1.9.)
NOTE
Note that a maximum of 150 processor switch
characters can be passed to the compiler.
You can use the following switches as temporary or permanent
switches. (Refer to Section 1.8.4.) Switches relevant to COMPILE
follow; all switches allowed with COMPILE can be used with LOAD,
EXECUTE and DEBUG.
Switch Function
/ALGOL Compiles with ALGOL. Assumed for files with the
.ALG extension.
/BINARY Generates a binary file for each file compiled.
The file name of the binary file is .REL. This is
the default action.
/BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for files
with the extension of .B10 and .BLI.
/C68 Compiles with COBOL-68.
/C74 Compiles with COBOL-74.
2-33
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
/COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for files
with the extension of .CBL.
/COMPILE Forces a compilation of this source file even if
the relocatable binary file is newer. Use this
switch to obtain an extra compilation (for example,
to obtain a listing of the compilation). NOCOMPILE
is the default switch.
/CREF Produces a listing file on the disk for each file
compiled, for later processing by the CREF program.
The file extension of the listing file is .CRF.
The file can then be listed with the CREF command.
With COBOL files, the CREF file is appended to the
output file; additional commands are needed to
obtain the cross-referenced file.
/DDT Loads the program debugger DDT with the file.
/DEBUG:(arg, arg,...)
Passes the arguments to FORTRAN. Refer to the
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language Manual.
/DLIST Creates a listing file with the extension .LST and
stores it in your disk area. You can have this
file printed on the line printer by using the PRINT
command.
/F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and EXTERNAL
statements.
/FAIL Assembles the file with FAIL. Assumed for files
with the .FAI extension.
/FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler. Assumed
for files with either the extension of .F4 or .FOR
and for all files with unrecognizable compiler
extensions, if FORTRAN is the standard compiler for
your system. This switch is necessary if the file
has a unrecognizable compiler extension and FORTRAN
is not the standard compiler or is not the current
default.
/FORDDT Loads the FORDDT debugger with the program.
/FOROTS Obsolete
/FORSE
2-34
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
/FUDGE:file Creates a temporary file that contains the library
file name and the names of the .REL files produced
by the command string. When you issue the FUDGE
command, PIP reads this file to generate the
library .REL file. (See the TOPS-10 MAKLIB User's
Guide for information about library files.)
The argument to /FUDGE is the library file
specification. If you omit the file extension, the
default is .REL.
This switch is permanent (sticky). That is, it
pertains to all .REL files generated by this
command string.
/GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are to be
stored in G-floating format. This format has an
expanded exponent range. This option is available
on KL10 processors only.
/K?10 Designates the machine on which the program will
execute after it has been loaded. The default is
the processor that is executing the command. The ?
can be replaced by L or S. To designate a KS
processor, use /KS10.
/LIBRARY Loads the program in library search mode.
(/LIBRARY is identical to /SEARCH.)
/LINK Obsolete
/LIST Prints the listing file on the line printer (LPT:).
If the line printer is spooled or available to your
job, the listing file is automatically printed.
/LMAP:file Produces a loader map while loading. The map
contains local symbols.
/MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for files
with the extension of .MAC.
/MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for files
with the extension .P11. MACY11 is recognized as a
compiler only if the appropriate assembly switch is
set. This switch is not supported.
/MAP:file Produces a loader map while loading. The default
file name is MAP.MAP.
2-35
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
/NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
experimental library area [1,5] (device NEW:). If
the compiler does not exist on device NEW:, COMPIL
tries to obtain it from device SYS:.
/NOBINARY Does not generate binary files. This switch, when
combined with the /CREF or /LIST switch, is useful
when compiling programs solely to generate
listings.
/NOCOMPILE Compiles the source file if there is no relocatable
file newer than the source file. Note that
/COMPILE always compiles, /REL never compiles, and
/NOCOMPILE (the default switch) compiles
conditionally.
/NODEBUG Does not pass previously specified arguments to
FORTRAN.
/NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the
default action. Complement to /LIST.
/NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object source code. This is
the default. Complement to /OPTIMIZE.
/NOSEARCH Does not load the program in library search mode.
Complement to /SEARCH.
/OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object code of a FORTRAN program.
/OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
system library [1,3] of old programs (device OLD:).
If the compiler does not exist on device OLD:,
COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:.
/PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for files
with the .PAL extension.
/PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for files
with the .PAS extension.
/REL Loads an existing .REL file rather than compiling a
new one. Refer also to /COMPILE and /NOCOMPILE.
/SAIL Compiles the file with SAIL. Assumed for files
with the .SAI extension.
/SAVE Saves the core image to disk in an executable file
after it is loaded.
2-36
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
/SEARCH Loads the program in library search mode. (/SEARCH
is identical to /LIBRARY.)
/SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from device
DSK: instead of from the system library (device
SYS:). This switch is useful if you keep a private
copy of a compiler in your own disk area.
/SIMULA Compiles the file with SIMULA. Assumed for files
with the .SIM extension.
/SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for files
with the extension .SNO. SNOBOL is recognized as a
compiler only if the appropriate assembly switch is
set. This switch is not supported.
/SSAVE Saves the core image in a sharable executable file
after the program is loaded.
/SYS Compiles the program with the compiler from SYS:.
This is the default.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Runs the appropriate language compiler, destroying your original
core image.
Restrictions
You cannot use wildcard constructions with COMPILE.
A language compiler appearing more than once within a single
command string cannot access more than one disk area. For
example, the following is invalid:
.COMPILE TESPRG.F10/NEW,SUBRTN.F10/SYS
However, the following is valid:
.COMPILE TESPRG.F10/NEW
.COMPILE SUBRTN.F10/SYS
2-37
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
Examples
1. Compile PROG (with the null extension) with FORTRAN, TEST.MAC
with MACRO, and MANAGE (with the null extension) with MACRO.
A listing file is generated for MANAGE. The files generated
are PROG.REL, TEST.REL, MANAGE.REL, and MANAGE.LST.
.COMPILE PROG,TEST.MAC,MANAGE/MACRO/LIST<RET>
FORTRAN: PROG
MAIN
MACRO: TEST
MANAGE
EXIT
.
2. Compile SIGN.MAC with MACRO, TABLES (with the null extension)
with FORTRAN, and MULTI.ALG with ALGOL. Listing files are
generated for SIGN.MAC and MULTI.ALG.
.COMPILE/LIST SIGN.MAC,TABLES/NOLIST,MULTI.ALG<RET>
MACRO: SIGN
FORTRAN: TABLES
MAIN
ALGOL: MULTI
EXIT
.
3. Compile the files DIVIDE, SUBTRC, and ADD with the FORTRAN
compiler, even if current .REL files exist. Generate files
to be processed by CREF. The files generated are DIVIDE.CRF,
DIVIDE.REL, SUBTRC.CRF, SUBTRC.REL, ADD.CRF and ADD.REL.
.COMPILE/CREF/COMPILE DIVIDE,SUBTRC,ADD<RET>
FORTRAN: DIVIDE
MAIN.
FORTRAN: SUBTRC
MAIN.
FORTRAN: ADD
MAIN.
.
2-38
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COMPILE Command
4. Compile the files contained in the command file LIBALL.
Create a temporary file which contains all the .REL file
names and the library file name (MONITR.REL). The FUDGE
command creates the library file, MONITR.REL, with the .REL
files in the same order as they were specified in the command
file.
.COMPILE/FUDGE:MONITR.REL@LIBALL<RET>
FORTRAN: DIVIDE
MAIN.
FORTRAN: SUBTRC
MAIN.
FORTRAN: ADD
MAIN.
.FUDGE<RET>
5. Compile and execute the program NUMBER.FOR.
.COMPILE NUMB2.FOR<RET>
FORTRAN: NUMB2
MAIN.
.EXECUTE
LINK: LOADING
[LNKXCT NUMB2 EXECUTION]
DONE
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME: 0.12 ELAPSED TIME: 0.53
EXIT
.
2-39
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CONTEXT Command
CONTEXT Command
Function
The CONTEXT command displays the status of a job's context. It
also allows you to create, kill, and switch between contexts.
When issued without arguments, the command gives you information
about your current contexts, such as the name of the program in
core for that particular context. You can also use CONTEXT to
create parallel contexts. Parallel contexts permit you to switch
between programs (in separate contexts) without waiting for them
to reinitialize. You can specify switches to list the status of
a particular context or delete a context. (Section 1.5 contains
a discussion of contexts.)
Format
CONTEXT argument/switch
Where: argument is optional. With no arguments, CONTEXT
displays information about all of your job's contexts,
including the program loaded in each context.
/switch is one of the options listed below.
Argument, when specified, can be one of the following:
handle A context name or number. This argument
switches your job's current context to the
specified one. A period (.) can replace a
context name for the current context only.
name=number Where name is a one to six character
alphanumeric string to be associated with the
specified context number.
= An equal sign can be used to create a new,
parallel context, without switching the current
context to the newly created context.
/Switch, when specified with the handle argument, can be one of
the following:
/KILL Deletes the specified parallel context.
/LIST Lists information about the specified context only.
2-40
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CONTEXT Command
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Requires LOGIN.
Preserves your core image.
Restrictions
To use the CONTEXT command, you must be at monitor level, and the
job must be halted.
Associated Commands
POP Returns you to a previous superior context, and destroys
the current context.
PUSH Creates an inferior context.
Examples
1. Name context 1 (the current context, in this case) TOPLVL.
.CONTEXT TOPLVL=1
2. Display the status of the current context.
.CONTEXT
Contexts used/quota = 1/4, pages used/quota = 0/1000
Contexts Superior Prog Idle time
* TOPLVL 1 PATH
Notice that the current context, TOPLVL, is marked by an
asterisk (*). For this particular example, one of four
allotted contexts is being used, none of the 1,000
saved-pages is in use, the context name is TOPLVL, the
context number is 1, and the PATH program is running in this
context.
2-41
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CONTEXT Command
3. Create an adjacent context, run MAIL under it, and exit.
Then look at the context status.
.CONTEXT=
.MAIL
21 messages, 116 blocks.
MS>quit
.CONTEXT
Contexts used/quota = 2/4, pages used/quota = 4/1000
Context Superior Prog Idle time
TOPLVL 1 PATH 19.78
* 2 MS
Note the differences from the previous status. There are now
two contexts in use, and the current, unnamed context 2 is
running MS. Also, PATH has been idle for 19.78 seconds since
the last CONTEXT command was issued. MS will restart very
quickly if you type CONTINUE, because it does not have to
re-initialize.
4. Finally, kill one context that is running MS, and examine
your status. You have to move to another context to do this,
because you cannot kill the current context.
.CONTEXT 1
.CONTEXT 2/KILL
.CONTEXT
Contexts used/quota = 1/4, pages used/quota = 0/1000
Context Superior Prog Idle time
* TOPLVL 1 PATH
Context 1 is now the current and only context.
2-42
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CONTINUE Command
CONTINUE Command
Function
The CONTINUE command continues your program from the point at
which you interrupted it. You interrupt program execution with
CTRL/C. After you use CONTINUE, your terminal returns to user
level.
Format
CONTINUE
Characteristics
Places your terminal at user level.
Requires core.
Example
This is a program that finds all the numbers up to 10,000.
.TYPE NUMBER.FOR<RET>
N = 0
100 N = N + 1
IF (N .EQ. 10000) GO TO 300
WRITE (22, 201) N
GO TO 100
201 FORMAT (1X, I14,' IS BETWEEN 1 AND 10000')
300 STOP 'DONE'
END
Execute the program.
.EXECUTE NUMBER.FOR<RET>
FORTRAN:NUMBER
NUMBER
LINK:LOADING
[LNKXCT NUMBER EXECUTION]
^C
^C
Type two CTRL/Cs to halt the program.
2-43
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CONTINUE Command
Detach from the job to do work on another job.
.DETACH<RET>
FROM JOB 19
.
.
.
Later, attach to your original job.
.ATTACH 19 [27,5434]<RET>
PASSWORD:<RET>
Type CONTINUE to enter user level.
.CONTINUE<RET>
?PLEASE TYPE ^C FIRST
System message (see NOTE).
Type CTRL/C and CONTINUE to enter user level.
.^C
.CONTINUE<RET>
DONE
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME:4.60 ELAPSED TIME:12:12.83
EXIT
.
Program message indicates execution is finished. The file
containing data from this program is named FOR22.DAT, and is
stored in your default disk area.
NOTE
You must type CTRL/C to re-enter user level, because
the program is running. The program must be
interrupted so that your terminal can access it.
2-44
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COPY Command
COPY Command
Function
The COPY command copies a file from one device to another, or
within a device, file structure, or directory. The command
string can contain one output specification and any number of
input specifications.
Format
COPY dev:file.ext[directory]<nnn>=dev:file.ext[directory],...
Where: The file to the left of the equal sign (=) is the
destination, or output file, and the file(s) to the
right of the equal sign is the source, or input
file(s).
dev: is a physical or logical device name. If you
omit a device name, the system assumes DSK:.
file.ext is the name of the file(s) to be used in input
or output. If you omit the output file name, the
system defaults to the input file name. If you
transfer many input files to one output file, the
system combines the files. You can use wildcard
constructions with the COPY command.
[directory] is the disk area in which the files are to
be read or written. If you type this area before the
file name, the system uses this area as the default for
all succeeding files. If you omit this argument, your
default directory is accessed. You can transfer files
to or from another directory only if you have access to
that directory.
<nnn> is the protection code to be given to the output
file. If you omit this argument, the system assigns
the system standard protection code, even if the input
file already has a non-standard protection code
associated with it. Protection codes are described in
Section 1.9.4.
Use the equal sign (=) to separate the destination
(output) side from the source (input) side.
2-45
SYSTEM COMMANDS
COPY Command
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
Runs the PIP program.
Example
Find file NOTICE.TXT in SYS:
.DIRECT SYS:NOTICE.TXT<RET>
NOTICE TXT 2 <155> 6-SEP-79 DSKC:[1,4]
Search your own directory.
.DIRECT DSKB:NOTICE<RET>
%WLDNSF No such files as NOTICE.TXT
Copy NOTICE from SYS: into your directory on DSKB:
.COPY DSKB:NOTICE.TXT=SYS:NOTICE.TXT<RET>
Check your directory to find NOTICE on DSKB:
.DIR NOTICE<RET>
NOTICE TXT 2 <055> 6-SEP-79 DSKB:[27,5434]
.
2-46
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CORE Command
CORE Command
Function
The CORE command prints or changes the amount of core memory
assigned to your job. Because programs usually allocate core,
you generally do not need this command.
If your job is locked in core and you issue this command with a
nonzero argument, the monitor prints an error message.
Format
CORE nx
Where: n is a decimal number; this argument is optional.
You may not assign more than one section of core to
your job.
If n is 0, the low and high segments are removed from
the virtual addressing space of your job.
If n is greater than 0, n represents the total number
of blocks of core to be assigned to your job from this
point on.
If n is less than the high-segment size plus the
minimum low-segment size, n plus the high-segment size
is assumed.
x is either K or P. K represents units of 1024 words.
P represents 512-word pages. For example, 3P
represents three pages or 1536 words. If you do not
specify x, K is assumed.
If you omit nx, the monitor prints the amount of core currently
being used by your job, as well as the octal page number, page
(accessibility) status, and the origin of the pages. This form
of the CORE command does not change the core assignment.
2-47
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CORE Command
Page status can be any of the following:
o executable (EX)
o readable (RD)
o writable (WR)
o sharable (SH)
o locked (LK)
o allocated-but-zero (AZ).
Origin can be private pages, spy pages, or the file
specification.
The total pages in the space is also displayed.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not operate when your job is in run state.
Example
Use CORE to look at the amount and contents of memory assigned
after using MAIL.
.CORE<RET>
Page number Page status Origin
0-74 EX RD WR Private pages
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2-48
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
CPUNCH Command
Function
The CPUNCH command places entries in the card punch queue. Refer
to the QUEUE command for further information and examples.
Format
CPUNCH dev:jobname=file-spec/switches
Where: dev: is the name of the individual device on which the
file is to be punched. (For example, CDP2: is card
punch number 2.) The device name is optional. To punch
the file on a card punch at a different node, use
devSxx;, where xx is the node number. (For example,
CDPS22: is a card punch on node number 22.)
jobname is the name of the job you are entering into
the queue. The default job name is the name of the
first file in the request.
The equal sign is required if you specify either the
device or job name.
file-spec is a single file specification or a string of
file specifications, separated by commas, for the files
being processed. A file specification is in the form
dev:file.ext[directory]. (Refer to Section 1.9.)
If you specify neither a job name nor a file-spec, a
list of all the jobs in the card punch queue will be
printed on your terminal.
The wildcard construction can be used for the file
specifications.
2-49
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/switches are listed below. The switches to this
command can be divided into two categories, depending
on whether the switch can be used only once, or can be
used more times, in a single command string. The two
categories are:
o Queue-Operation Switches
These switches can be used only once in a command
string. They affect the entire request, and you
can place them anywhere in the command string. If
you have used one of these switches in a command
string, you cannot use it again in the same string.
Many commands have a /NO construction, which takes
a negative effect. Be sure you do not use the /NO
construction of a switch in the same command string
with the positive construction.
o File-Control Switches
These switches can be used any number of times in
the command string. You can also use the /NO
construction of a switch in the same command
string. To achieve a temporary or permanent effect
by the placement of the switch, refer to Section
1.8.4.
Switches Category Function
/ABEFORE: File Queues the file only if the access
date-time control date is before the specified date
and time.
/ACCOUNT:name Queue Specifies the account to which the
operation job should be charged.
/AFTER: Queue Processes the request after the
date-time operation specified time.
/ALLFILES: Queue Accepts the request only if all of
YES or NO operation the files in the request exist. By
default, if any of the files do not
exist, the others will be processed
appropriately. This switch
specifies that if any file does not
exist, no files should be
processed. The value YES or NO is
optional. If you use YES, all of
the files you specified must exist.
If NO, existing files are
processed, and warning messages are
printed for files that do not
exist.
2-50
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/ASINCE: File Queues the file only if the access
date-time control date is later than the specified
date and time.
/BEFORE: File Queues only the files with creation
date-time control dates before the specified date and
time.
/CHARACTERISTIC: Queue Specifies an output characteristic.
arg operation You can find a list of the
characteristics arguments defined
for your system in the file
SYS:CHARTY.DAT.
/CHECK Queue Prints on your terminal a list of
operation the queue entries made by your job.
/COPIES:n File Repeats the output the specified
control number of times (n must be less
than 64). The default is one copy.
/CREATE Queue Makes a new entry in the specified
operation queue. This function is the
default, except when listing queue
entries.
/DEFERRED Queue Causes deferred output to be
operation released to the card punch queue.
You must use one of the following
switches with /DEFERRED.
/CREATE to complete the released
output requests.
/KILL to eliminate the released
output requests.
Refer to the SET DEFER command for
more information.
/DELETE File Deletes the file after processing
control it. Same as /DISPOSE:DELETE.
2-51
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/DESTINATION: Queue Specifies the node at which the
node operation file will be punched. Use the node
name or node number to specify the
node. The files will not be
punched at any host other than the
host to which the terminal is
connected.
/DISPOSE:arg File Controls the disposition of the
control file after it is processed. The
arguments to this switch are:
DELETE deletes the file from your
directory after processing it.
PRESERVE preserves the file after
processing it.
RENAME renames the file from your
directory into the spooling area.
Thus, the file is effectively
deleted immediately.
/DISTRIBUTION: Queue Specifies text to place in the
"text" operation distribution field, on the banner
page of output. You can use this
field to include mailing
information, or the location where
the operator should leave the
listing. The text field may be up
to 39 alphanumeric characters,
including punctuation and spaces if
the text is placed in quotation
marks.
/ERBINARY File Prints an error message if a binary
control file is included in the queue.
This is the default.
/ERNONE Queue Prints an error message if no files
operation match the file specification. This
is the default.
/ERPROTECTION Queue Prints an error message if the
operation the request involves a protection
violation. This is the default.
/FAST Queue Prints the entries in the queue on
operation your terminal.
2-52
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/FILE:arg File Specifies how the file format is to
control interpreted. The following
arguments can be used with this
switch:
ASCII interprets the file as ASCII
text.
ELEVEN interprets the file as four
8-bit bytes in each 36-bit word.
The bits are arranged as follows:
Byte 1: bits 10-17
Byte 2: bits 2-9
Byte 3: bits 28-35
Byte 4: bits 20-27
/FORMS:arg Queue Specifies any special cards to be
operation used. Available forms are listed
in SYS:FORMST.DAT.
/GENERIC File Sends output to the next available
control card punch. Complement to /UNIT.
/HEADER: File Makes header cards for the file.
YES or NO control The default is YES.
/HELP:arg Queue Prints information on your terminal
operation about the QUEUE command. This
switch does not queue any files.
The switch can be used alone
(/HELP) or with one of the
following arguments:
TEXT prints a message with the
format and switches of the QUEUE
command. This is the same as /HELP
with no arguments.
SWITCHES prints a list of all the
switches available with the QUEUE
command.
/JOBNAME:name Queue Specifies the name of the job. The
operation name can be up to 6 alphanumeric
characters.
/KILL Queue Removes the specified entry from
operation the queue. You must specify the
job name, /REQUESTID, or /SEQUENCE,
left of the equal sign in the
command line.
2-53
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/LENGTH:n:m File Processes only the files whose
control length is between n and m blocks in
length.
/LIMIT:n Queue Limits the output to the specified
operation number of cards.
/LIST:arg Queue Prints information about the jobs
operation in the queue. If you use /LIST
alone, it shows the jobs in the
queue. This is equivalent to using
the CPUNCH command with no
arguments and no switches. /LIST
can be abbreviated to /L. The
switch can also take one of the
following arguments:
ALL shows all data about each queue
request.
FAST shows a fast list of the queue
requests.
JOBS shows a list of the jobs in
the queue. (Same as /LIST with no
arguments.)
SUMMARY shows only the summary line
of the queue display.
/MESSAGE:arg Queue Specifies the information to be
operation output if an error occurs. The
arguments are:
ADDRESS Prints the location
in memory where the
error occurred.
CONTINUATION Prints information
about the error.
FIRST Prints a one-line
error message.
PREFIX Prints the six
character prefix.
2-54
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/MODIFY Queue Alters the specified parameter in
operation the specified job. This switch
requires that you have access
rights to the job. You must
specify the job name, /REQUESTID,
or /SEQUENCE, left of the equal
sign in the command line. This
switch can be used to modify a
previously submitted request as
long as the request has not been
started.
/NEW: File Accepts file specifications of
YES or NO control files that do not exist.
/NOHEADER File Does not make header cards for each
control file.
/NONEW File Does not accept file specifications
control of files that do not yet exist.
This is the default.
/NONOTIFY Queue Does not notify you when the job is
operation finished. This is the default.
/NONULL Queue Prints a fatal error message on a
operation null request. This is the default.
/NOOPTION Queue Suppresses reading the SWITCH.INI
operation file.
/NOPHYSICAL File Allows logical names for devices in
control the command string.
/NOSTRS File When scanning structures for the
control file, takes only the first
occurrence. This is the default
function.
/NOTES:"text" Queue Prints the text in the header card.
operation
2-55
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/NOTIFY: Queue Notifies you on your terminal when
YES or NO operation your request is completed. To be
notified, use /NOTIFY with no
argument, or with YES or 1 as an
argument. To suppress
notification, use /NOTIFY:0 or
/NOTIFY:NO. By default, you are
not notified when a request is
finished. Special cases, such as
printing of batch log files and
output of deferred requests, will
never notify you when they are
completed.
/NULL: Queue Does not print a fatal error
YES or NO operation message if the specified files do
not exist.
/OKBINARY File Accepts files whose extensions
control indicate that they include binary
information. Normally, files with
extensions .SAV, .SHR, .LOW, .REL,
.EXE, and .HGH will not be accepted
for processing.
/OKNONE Queue Does not produce a warning message
operation if no files match the file
specification.
/OKPROTECTION Queue Does not print an error message if
operation a file protection violation occurs.
/OPTION:name Queue Uses the option line QUEUE:name
operation in the SWITCH.INI file. SWITCH.INI
files are described in Appendix B.
/PHYSICAL File Ignores logical device names in the
control command line.
/PRESERVE File Saves the file after
control processing it. This is the
default. This switch is the same
as /DISPOSE:PRESERVE.
/PRIORITY:n Queue Assigns the specified priority (n
operation is 1 to 63) to the request. A
larger number has greater priority.
2-56
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/PROTECTION:nnn Queue Specifies a protection code to be
operation associated with the request. Queue
requests may have protection codes.
These are exactly like file
protection codes. Refer to Section
1.9.4.
/PUNCH:arg File Punches the file in the specified
control mode. If you omit this switch, the
file is punched according to the
data mode specified in the file.
The following arguments can be used
with this switch:
026 Punches the files in 026
Hollerith mode.
ASCII Punches the files in ASCII
card mode.
BCD Punches the files in 026
Hollerith mode. (Same as
026.)
BINARY Punches the files in a
checksummed binary card
mode.
IMAGE Punches the files in image
card format.
/REMOTE Queue Prints on your terminal a list of
operation remote queues. Must be used with
/DESTINATION.
/REQUESTID:n Queue Specifies the request
operation identification number of the job
you wish to modify or terminate.
The request identification number
is assigned when you queue the
request.
/RUN:file Queue Executes the specified file after
operation the request is accepted.
/RUNCORE:n Queue Executes the specified file in nK
operation of core after the request is
accepted.
2-57
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
/RUNOFFSET:n Queue Executes the specified file with
operation start offset n after the request is
accepted.
/SEQUENCE:n Queue Specifies a sequence number to aid
operation in identifying a request to be
modified or deleted.
/SINCE: File Queues only the files with creation
date-time control dates after the specified date and
time.
/STRS: Queue Searches for the file on all
YES or NO operation structures in the search list and
takes every occurrence. The
default is to take just the first
occurrence of the file.
/TMPFIL:file: Queue Creates a temporary file on TMP:
text operation and enters the text into the file.
/UNIT:n Queue Specifies the unit number of the
operation device you want the output sent to.
/USERNAME: Queue Specifies the user name field for
"name" operation the banner page of output. This
field can contain up to 39
alphanumeric characters, and may
include punctuation and spaces if
the name is placed in quotation
marks.
Associated Messages
When a new entry is made in a system queue, the system prints a
message on the user's terminal. The message is in the form:
[CARD-PUNCH JOB name QUEUED, REQUEST #nnn, LIMIT xxx]
Where: name is the name of the job in the queue. This
can be specified by the user. Otherwise, it
defaults to the name of the first file in the
request.
nnn is the number that represents the request
identification of the job in the queue.
xxx is the maximum number of cards that the job
will use.
2-58
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CPUNCH Command
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Runs the QUEUE program.
Destroys your core image.
Does not require LOGIN if you desire a list of queue entries.
Examples
1. Punch the file SYSTAT.MAC in ASCII format.
.CPUNCH SYSTAT.MAC/PUNCH:ASCII<RET>
[CARD-PUNCH JOB SYSTAT QUEUED, REQUEST #75, LIMIT 33]
.
2. Punch the file SYSTAT.REL in binary format, but do not begin
output until after 5:00 P.M.
.CPUNCH SYSTAT.REL/PUNCH:BINARY/AFTER:17:00<RET>
[CARD-PUNCH JOB SYSTAT QUEUED, REQUEST #43, LIMIT 200]
.
2-59
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CREF Command
CREF Command
Function
The CREF command runs the CREF program. If you have created any
files to be processed with CREF (using the /CREF switch with a
COMPILE, LOAD, DEBUG, or EXECUTE command), CREF processes them
and prints them on the line printer. The file containing the
names of these CREF files is then deleted so that subsequent CREF
commands will not list them again.
When the logical device name LPT: is assigned to a device other
than the line printer, the CREF files are stored on that device
with the same file name and the extension .LST. (See the CREF
manual in the TOPS-10 Software Notebooks for more information.)
Format
CREF file-spec
Where: file-spec is a valid file specification. (Refer to
Section 1.9.) When you supply a file specification in
the command line, CREF produces a cross-referenced
listing file for the specified file. If you do not
give an argument to the command, CREF uses the argument
saved from a previous COMPILE-class command. If there
is no stored argument, CREF prompts with an asterisk
(*).
You can use the following switches with the CREF command.
Switch Function
/A Advances magtape by one file (may be repeated).
/B Backspaces magtape by one file (may be repeated).
/C Cancels SWITCH.INI switch defaulting.
/D Permits default switches as for SWITCH.INI.
/H Types this text.
/K Kills user-defined symbol table listing.
/M Suppresses user macro's, OPDEF's, symbol table.
/O Lists the opcodes.
2-60
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CREF Command
/P Preserves (does not delete) input files.
/R Restarts listing and prompts for line number.
/S Suppresses program listing and lists only symbol
tables.
/W Rewinds tape.
/Z Indicates zero DECtape directory.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
Examples
1. Compile the files contained in the command file PROMAC and
produce CREF listing files on the disk.
.COMPILE/CREF@PROMAC<RET>
FORTRAN: INPUT1
MAIN.
FORTRAN: INPUT2
MAIN.
Process and list the cross-referenced listing files produced
by the COMPILE command. The argument is the stored argument
that was used in the COMPILE command.
.SET SPOOL LPT<RET>
.CREF<RET>
CREF:INPUT1
CREF:INPUT2
.
2-61
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CREF Command
2. Compile and load the files contained in the command file
CONALL. Produce a loader map with the file name NAME and
CREF files on disk.
.LOAD/CREF/MAP:NAME@CONALL<RET>
MACRO: HIGH
MACRO: SHARE
EXIT
Assign the logical name LPT to magnetic tape unit 1. Store
the CREF files on MTA1: to be output at a later time.
.ASSIGN MTA1 LPT<RET>
MTA261 ASSIGNED
.CREF<RET>
CREF: HIGH
CREF: SHARE
.
2-62
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CSTART Command
CSTART Command
Function
The CSTART command begins executing the program from the
beginning, or from the address you specify in the command,
leaving your terminal at monitor level. The CSTART command is
the same as the START command, except that it leaves your
terminal at monitor level.
Format
CSTART addr
Where: addr is the address at which execution is to begin if
it is other than the location specified within the file
(.JBSA). If you do not specify an address, the
starting address comes from .JBSA (stored in the job
data area).
To use CSTART:
1. Use LOAD or GET to bring a program into memory.
2. Type one or two CTRL/Cs to halt your job with your
terminal at monitor level.
3. Type CSTART to begin running the program from the
beginning.
4. You can now type additional commands from your
terminal if they do not require core, or you can
detach your terminal from the job, using the DETACH
command.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Requires core.
Restrictions
This command should not be used if your program requests input
from the terminal. This command is not available to batch users.
2-63
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CSTART Command
NOTE
The CSTART command allows the program to run from the
beginning or from the specified address. If the
program requires terminal I/O, the program will wait
until you access user level with the START or CONTINUE
commands. Then your terminal can accept output or
provide input.
Example
This is a program to find all the numbers up to 10,000.
.TYPE NUMBER.FOR<RET>
N = 0
100 N = N + 1
IF(N .EQ. 10000) GO TO 300
WRITE(22,201) N
GO TO 100
201 FORMAT(1X, I14, 'IS BETWEEN 1 AND 10000')
300 STOP 'DONE'
END
Execute the program.
.EXECUTE NUMBER.FOR<RET>
FORTRAN:NUMBER
NUMBER
LINK:LOADING
[LNKXCT NUMBER EXECUTION]
^C
^C
Type two CTRL/C's to halt the program.
Type CSTART.
.CSTART<RET>
Type CTRL/T for job status. CTRL/T does not echo on your
terminal.
DAY: :07:20 RUN: :01:00 RD:1093 WR:21 NUMBER 4+15P RN* PC000200
The status message RN* indicates the NUMBER program is running.
2-64
SYSTEM COMMANDS
CSTART Command
Detach from the job to do work on another job.
.DETACH<RET>
FROM JOB 19
.
.
.
Later, attach to your original job.
.ATTACH 19 [27,5434]<RET>
PASSWORD:<RET>
Type CONTINUE to return to user level. System message (see
NOTE).
.CONTINUE<RET>
?PLEASE TYPE ^C FIRST
Type CTRL/C and CONTINUE, to access user level.
.^C
.CONTINUE<RET>
DONE
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME:4:6.88 ELAPSED TIME:5:30.97
EXIT
.
Program message indicates execution is finished. The file
containing data from this program is named FOR22.DAT, and is
stored in your default disk area.
NOTE
It is necessary to type CTRL/C to re-enter user level,
because the program is running. The program must be
interrupted so that your terminal can access it.
2-65
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DAYTIME Command
DAYTIME Command
Function
The DAYTIME command prints the date and the time of day, in the
following format:
wkdy dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
Where: wkdy is the name of day of the week
dd is the day of the month
mmm is the name of the month
yy is the year
hh is the hour
mm is the minute
ss is the second to the nearest hundredth
Format
DAYTIME
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not require LOGIN.
Does not destroy your core image.
Example
.DAYTIME<RET>
MONDAY 29-FEB-88 16:46:42
.
2-66
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DDT Command
DDT Command
Function
The DDT command starts DDT, the dynamic system debugger. If DDT
is already loaded with your core image, DDT starts at the address
given by the right half of .JBDDT in the Job Data Area. (The Job
Data Area stores information pertinent to your job. It is
described in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.) If DDT is not yet
loaded, the monitor tries to merge a special version of DDT
(called VMDDT) into the address space starting at location
700000.
If DDT is not yet loaded and the monitor cannot read in VMDDT, it
prints the message: ?NO START ADDRESS. The monitor will not
read in VMDDT if your core image is execute-only.
The DDT command copies the saved program counter value into
.JBOPC and starts the program at an alternate entry point
specified in .JBDDT (beginning address of DDT as set by the
monitor). DDT contains commands to allow you to start or resume
at any desired address.
If your job was executing a monitor call when interrupted (at
monitor level and not in TTY input wait or SLEEP mode), the
monitor sets a status bit (UTRP) and continues the job at the
location where it was interrupted. When the monitor call
processing is complete, the monitor clears the status bit, sets
.JBOPC to the address following the monitor call, and then traps
to the DDT address found in .JBDDT.
If your job is at monitor level and in TTY INPUT WAIT or SLEEP
mode, the trap to the DDT address occurs immediately and .JBOPC
contains the address of the monitor call. If your job is at user
level, the trap also occurs immediately. Therefore, it is always
possible to continue the interrupted program after trapping to
DDT by executing a JRSTF @.JBOPC.
(For additional information on the DDT program, refer to the
TOPS-10 DDT Manual.)
Format
DDT
2-67
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DDT Command
Characteristics
Places your terminal at user level.
If .JBDDT is zero, the monitor will merge SYS:VMDDT.EXE at
location 700000.
Example
The following example shows how the DEBUG and DDT commands are
used. Begin by writing a simple program with a spelling
(syntactical) error.
.TYPE TEST.MAC<RET>
TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM
SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM
HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
\
TEST: JCLF
RESET
OUTSTR HIMSG
MONRT.
END TEST
Use DEBUG to compile and load the program:
.DEBUG TEST.MAC<RET>
MACRO: TEST
LINK: LOADING
?LNKUGS 1 UNDEFINED GLOBAL SYMBOL
JCLF 0
[LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION]
DDT
^Z
Loading showed that the program contained an error, which is then
corrected by using the SOS editor to replace "JCLF" with the
correct "JFCL".
.SOS TEST.MAC<RET>
EDIT: TEST.MAC
*SJCLF<ESC>JFCL<ESC>.<ESC><RET>
600 TEST: JFCL
*ES<RET>
[DSKC:TEST.MAC]
2-68
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DDT Command
After correcting the file, reload the program, again using DEBUG.
.DEBUG TEST.MAC<RET>
MACRO: TEST
LINK: LOADING
[LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION]
DDT
^Z
The debugger successfully loaded the program; no errors were
detected. The new TEST.REL file automatically supersedes the old
.REL file. Next, save the core image of the loaded program, and
begin execution.
.SAVE TEST<RET>
TEST SAVED
.START<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
The program ran successfully. However, when you try to run the
program again with the CONTINUE command, the command fails. No
provision has been made for rerunning the program.
.CONTINUE<RET>
?ILLEGAL UUO AT USER PC 013303
Start the debugger, using the DDT command:
.DDT<RET>
DDT
13303/ 0 ^
TEST+3/ MONRT.<LF>
PAT../ 0 JRST TEST<RET>
^Z
While running DDT, alter the core image of the program: since
the error was reported at address 13303 (octal), examine that
address. Then type an uparrow (^) to see the previous line,
which is the last line of program code. Then type a line-feed
(<LF>) to see the next line. "PAT.." is on the next line. Here,
insert the call "JRST TEST," then exit DDT.
Next, start the program:
.START<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
2-69
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DDT Command
Then CONTINUE the program. The execution is successful.
.CONTINUE<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
Finally, edit the file with the changes made to the core image:
.SOS TEST.MAC<RET>
EDIT:TEST.MAC
*P^:*<RET>
100 TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM
200 SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM
300
400 HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
500 \
600 TEST: JFCL
700 RESET
800 OUTSTR HIMSG
900 MONRT.
1000
1100 END TEST
*I950<RET>
950 JRST TEST
*ES<RET>
[DSKC:TEST.MAC]
Load the program, begin execution, and rerun the program:
.LOAD TEST.MAC<RET>
LINK: LOADING
EXIT
.START<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
.CONTINUE<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
.
Execution is successful.
2-70
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEALLOCATE Command
DEALLOCATE Command
Function
The DEALLOCATE command removes a volume set from your job's list
of allocated resources. DEALLOCATE implies a DISMOUNT of the
specified resource. The logical name for the volume set is
cleared, and you will not be able to use that logical-name to
refer to the volume set.
Format
DEALLOCATE resource-name,resource-name...
Where: For disk volume sets, the resource-name is the volume
set-name or the structure name.
For tape volume sets, the resource-name is the logical
name.
DEALLOCATE has one switch:
/HELP Prints a short description of the command. If you
specify an argument with this switch, the argument will
be ignored.
Associated Commands
ALLOCATE Informs the system of your future need for a
resource.
MOUNT Requests ownership of a resource.
DISMOUNT Removes the resource from your job's search
list. Dismounts the volume set from the unit if
no other users are accessing the resource.
SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources that are
allocated and mounted for your job.
SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of the jobs in the system queues.
Characteristics
Runs the QUEUE program.
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
2-71
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEALLOCATE Command
Example
The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE,
MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands. The resources are
reserved for a multivolume tape volume set with the ALLOCATE
command. The name of the volume set is TAPE-SET, and it contains
three volumes. The logical name TS is assigned to the tape set.
The tape is write enabled, and it does not have standard labels.
.ALLOCATE TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE/LABEL:NONE<RET>
[ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUESTS #672]
A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job:
.MOUNT DSKR:<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED]
The job's resources are shown using the SHOW ALLOCATION command:
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
2-72
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEALLOCATE Command
The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again displayed:
.MOUNT TS<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
After work is finished by accessing the tape set and the
structure, the structure is dismounted. Because the structure
was not explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated.
.DISMOUNT DSKR<RET>
[STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED]
The tape volume set is dismounted:
.DISMOUNT TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED]
The job's resources are displayed:
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
2-73
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEALLOCATE Command
At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can be
deallocated. The tape set is deallocated:
.DEALLOCATE TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
.
2-74
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEASSIGN Command
DEASSIGN Command
Function
The DEASSIGN command returns one or more devices currently
assigned to your job to the monitor's pool of available devices
and clears the logical names associated with them. If you are
running an assembly-language program, and have an INITialized
device, it is not returned to the system's pool unless you have
issued a RELEASE or RESET monitor call; only the device's logical
name is cleared.
Format
DEASSIGN dev:
Where: dev: is either the logical or the physical device
name. This argument is optional. If you do not
specify this argument, the system deassigns all devices
from your job except your job's controlling terminal.
Also, the system clears any logical name that might be
associated with the controlling terminal.
Associated Messages
If you specify a nonexistent device, the monitor prints:
?NO SUCH DEVICE
and leaves all current device assignments. If you specify a
device that has never been ASSIGNed to your job, the monitor
prints:
?devxxn WASN'T ASSIGNED
and leaves all current job assignments.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not destroy your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
2-75
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEASSIGN Command
Example
Assign a card reader to your job. Card reader number 1 is
assigned.
.ASSIGN CDR:<RET>
CDR261 ASSIGNED
Card reader number 1 is busy because it is assigned to your job.
Show the devices that are busy.
.SYSTAT B<RET>
BUSY DEVICES:
DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL
TTY144 18 INIT
TTY235 18 INIT
LPT260 18 INIT
LPT261 18 INIT
LPT263 18 INIT
CDR260 18 INIT
CDR261 24 AS
Deassign the card reader.
.DEASSIGN CDR<RET>
Again, show the busy devices.
.SYSTAT B<RET>
BUSY DEVICES:
DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL
TTY144 18 INIT
TTY235 18 INIT
LPT260 18 INIT
LPT261 18 INIT
LPT263 18 INIT
CDR260 18 INIT
Card reader 1 is not in the list of busy devices. Therefore, it
is available to any user.
2-76
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
DEBUG Command
Function
The DEBUG command compiles the specified source files, loads the
resulting .REL files (if necessary), and prepares the loaded
program for debugging. A system debugging program is loaded
first, followed by your program, including local symbols. Upon
completion of loading, the system transfers control to the
debugging program.
The debugging program that is used depends on the first file in
the command string. If this file is a COBOL source file, COBDDT
(the COBOL debugging program) is used. If the file is a FORTRAN
source file, FORDDT is used.
Generally, a program debugged with the DEBUG command requires
more core to execute than the same program compiled with the
EXECUTE command requires. Extra space is occupied by the
debugging program and additional debugging information, such as
local symbols.
Each time the system executes a COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG
command, the system stores the command argument in a temporary
file. When you issue one of these commands without arguments,
the system uses the arguments stored in the temporary file.
(Refer to Appendix C). EXECUTE runs the COMPIL program before it
runs the appropriate compiler and debugger.
Format
DEBUG file-spec
Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of
file specifications, separated by commas.
The following switches can be used to modify the command string:
Switch Function
/ALGOL Compiles the file with ALGOL. Assumed for
files with the extension of .ALG.
/BIN Generates a binary file for each file
compiled. The file extension of the output
file is .REL. This is the default action.
/BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for
files with the extension of .B10 and .BLI.
2-77
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
/C68 Runs the specified COBOL version.
/C74
/COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for
files with the extension of .CBL.
/COMPILE Forces a compilation of this file even if a
binary file exists with a newer date and time
than the source file. This switch causes an
extra compilation, because compilation is not
normally performed if the binary file is
newer than the source file.
/CREF Produces a cross-referenced listing file on
the disk for each file compiled for later
processing by the CREF program. The file
extension of the output file is .CRF. The
file can then be listed with the CREF
command. However, with COBOL files, the
cross-referenced listing is always appended
to the listing file. You must issue the CREF
command to obtain the listing.
/DDT Loads DDT and disregards the extension of the
first file in the command string. This
switch applies to all subsequent files.
/DEBUG: Passes the specified arguments to FORTRAN.
(arg, arg,...) Refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language
Manual.
/DLIST Creates a .LST file in your disk area. You
can list the file on the line printer with
the PRINT command.
/F10 Obsolete
/F40
/F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and
EXTERNAL statements.
/FOROTS Obsolete
/FORSE
/FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler.
Assumed for files with the extension .F4 and
.FOR and all files with unrecognizable
compiler extensions, if FORTRAN is the
standard compiler. This switch is necessary
if the file has a unrecognizable compiler
extension and FORTRAN is not the standard
compiler or is not the current default.
2-78
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
/FUDGE:file Creates a disk file containing the names of
the .REL files produced by the command
string. When the FUDGE switch is given, PIP
reads this file to generate a library .REL
file. (Refer to the FUDGE command
description.) The argument to this switch is
a valid file specification, as described in
Section 1.9.
/GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are
to be stored in G-floating format. This
format has an extended exponent range. This
option is available on KL10 processors only.
/K?10 Designates the processor where the program
will execute after it has been loaded. These
switches are necessary for FORTRAN-10
programs because the compiler generates
different codes for different processors.
The default is the processor where your
program is running. The ? can be replaced
by L or S.
/LIBRARY Loads the file in library search mode. This
mode causes a program file in a special
library to be loaded only if one or more of
its declared entry symbols satisfies an
undefined global request in the source file.
The system libraries are always searched.
(See the LINK documentation.) /LIBRARY is the
same as /SEARCH.
/LINK Obsolete
/LIST Generates a disk listing file for each file
compiled. The file extension of the output
file is .LST. These files can be listed
later with the PRINT command. If the line
printer is being spooled for this job, the
listing files are written on device LPT: and
are automatically spooled when you log out.
/LMAP Produces a loader map during the loading
process that contains the local symbols.
/LOADER Obsolete
/MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for
files with the .MAC extension.
2-79
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
/MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for
files with the .P11 extension. This switch
is not supported.
/MANTIS Compiles the file with the MANTIS debugging
information. This switch affects FORTRAN-40
programs only. This switch is not supported.
/MAP:file Produces a loader map during loading. The
file name can be specified. If the file is
not specified, the default is MAP.MAP.
/NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from
the experimental system library (device NEW:)
area [1,5]. If the compiler does not exist
on device NEW:, COMPIL tries to obtain it
from device SYS:.
/NOBIN Does not generate binary files. Binary files
are generated unless you give this switch.
This switch, when combined with the /LIST or
/CREF switch, is useful when compiling
programs solely for the purpose of generating
a listing.
/NOCOMPILE Complement to the /COMPILE switch, this
switch does not force a compilation on a
source file whose date is not as recent as
the date on the binary file. This switch
differs from the /REL switch, in that it
turns off all compilation, even if the source
file is newer than the .REL file. /NOCOMPILE
is the default action.
/NODEBUG Does not pass arguments that were previously
specified to FORTRAN.
/NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the
default action.
/NOMANTIS Compiles the file without the MANTIS
debugging information. This switch affects
FORTRAN-40 programs only. This switch is not
supported.
/NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object source code for
FORTRAN programs.
2-80
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
/NOSEARCH Loads all routines of the file whether the
routines are referenced or not. Because this
is the default action, this switch is used
only to turn off library search mode
(/LIBRARY). The /NOSEARCH default is to
search the system libraries.
/OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from
the system library of old programs (device
OLD:), which resides on disk area [1,3]. If
the compiler does not exist on device OLD:,
COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:.
/OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object source code for FORTRAN
programs.
/PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for
files with the .PAL extension.
/PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for
files with the .PAS extension.
/REL Uses the existing .REL files although newer
source files might be present.
/SAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program.
/SEARCH Loads the files in library search mode. The
action is identical to that of the /LIBRARY
switch.
/SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from
device DSK: instead of from the system
library (device SYS:). This switch is useful
if you keep a private copy of a compiler in
your own disk area.
/SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for
files with the .SNO extension. This switch
is not supported.
/SSAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program in
a sharable executable file.
/SYS Runs the appropriate language processor from
the system library (device SYS:) area of
[1,4]. This is the default action.
2-81
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
Restriction
A language processor appearing more than once within a single
command string cannot specify more than one disk area. For
example, the following is invalid:
.DEBUG MAIN.MAC/SELF,PART1.MAC/OLD
However, the following is valid:
.COMPILE MAIN.MAC/SELF
.COMPILE PART1.MAC/OLD
.DEBUG /REL MAIN,PART1
Characteristics
Places your terminal at user level.
Runs the appropriate processor, LINK, and the debugger,
destroying your core image.
Example
The following example shows how the DEBUG and DDT commands are
used. Begin by writing a simple program with a spelling
(syntactical) error.
.TYPE TEST.MAC<RET>
TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM
SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM
HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
\
TEST: JCLF
RESET
OUTSTR HIMSG
MONRT.
END TEST
Use DEBUG to compile and load the program:
.DEBUG TEST.MAC<RET>
MACRO: TEST
LINK: LOADING
?LNKUGS 1 UNDEFINED GLOBAL SYMBOL
JCLF 0
[LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION]
DDT
^Z
2-82
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
Loading showed that the program contained an error, which is then
corrected by using the SOS editor to replace "JCLF" with the
correct "JFCL".
.SOS TEST.MAC<RET>
EDIT: TEST.MAC
*SJCLF<ESC>JFCL<ESC>.<ESC><RET>
600 TEST: JFCL
*ES<RET>
[DSKC:TEST.MAC]
After correcting the file, reload the program, again using DEBUG.
.DEBUG TEST.MAC<RET>
MACRO: TEST
LINK: LOADING
[LNKDEB DDT EXECUTION]
DDT
^Z
The debugger successfully loaded the program; no errors were
detected. The new TEST.REL file automatically supersedes the old
.REL file. Next, save the core image of the loaded program, and
begin execution.
.SAVE TEST<RET>
TEST SAVED
.START<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
The program ran successfully. However, when you try to run the
program again with the CONTINUE command, the command fails. No
provision has been made for rerunning the program.
.CONTINUE<RET>
?ILLEGAL UUO AT USER PC 013303
Start the debugger, using the DDT command:
.DDT<RET>
DDT
13303/ 0 ^
TEST+3/ MONRT.<LF>
PAT. ./ O JRST TEST<RET>
^Z
2-83
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
While running DDT, alter the core image of the program: since
the error was reported at address 13303 (octal), examine that
address. Then type an uparrow (^) to see the previous line,
which is the last line of program code. Then type a line-feed
(<LF>) to see the next line. "PAT.." is on the next line. Here,
insert the call "JRST TEST," then exit DDT.
Next, START the program:
.START<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
Then CONTINUE the program. The execution is successful.
.CONTINUE<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
Finally, edit the file with the changes made to the core image:
.SOS TEST.MAC<RET>
EDIT:TEST.MAC
*P^:*<RET>
100 TITLE TEST SIMPLE PROGRAM
200 SEARCH MACTEN,UUOSYM
300
400 HIMSG: ASCIZ \HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
500 \
600 TEST: JFCL
700 RESET
800 OUTSTR HIMSG
900 MONRT.
1000
1100 END TEST
*I950<RET>
950 JRST TEST
*ES<RET>
[DSKC:TEST.MAC]
2-84
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEBUG Command
Load the program, begin execution, and run the program again:
.LOAD TEST.MAC<RET>
LINK: LOADING
EXIT
.START<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
.CONTINUE<RET>
HI THERE - THIS IS A SIMPLE TEST PROGRAM!
.
Execution is successful.
2-85
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DECLARE Command
DECLARE Command
Function
The DECLARE command defines new monitor commands to run specified
programs for your job. You can invoke any program with a
user-defined command. When you define a command, the monitor
searches your command table and then the monitor command table.
Exact definitions are given precedence. An exact definition
occurs if you type the complete, exact command name. Inexact
definitions occur when a command is abbreviated. If there are
conflicts within the exact definitions, your definitions are
given precedence.
To use abbreviations when typing a command, you can define
"uniqueness" for a command. The monitor will behave as if the
command had been given an exact definition. If conflicts arise,
the monitor searches its own command table without searching your
command table.
Format
DECLARE name/switch=filespec
Where: name is a command name of 1 to 6 alphanumeric
characters.
filespec is the complete file specification of an
executable program. There is no default filespec.
/switch is one of the optional switches listed below.
Switches allowed by this command are:
Switch Function
/AUTOPUSH Defines a command to automatically PUSH to a new,
temporary context, in which the called program
will run. When the program is completed, the
original context is restored, and the temporary
context is destroyed.
NOTE
Do not define the PATH or DECLARE programs
with the AUTOPUSH switch. This is because
the original context is restored and all
changes made in the temporary context are
destroyed when they finish running.
2-86
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DECLARE Command
/CLEAR Clears all user-defined commands. Do not include
a command name with this switch.
/KILL Removes the definition of a command. Requires a
command name.
/LIST Lists the command names currently defined by your
job. Do not include a command name with this
switch.
/UNIQUE:n Defines the number of characters in the command
that must be typed to be interpreted as your
definition and that cannot be overridden by a
monitor command. The variable n can be 1, 2, 3,
4, ALL, NONE, or a list of these values separated
by commas and enclosed in parentheses. /NOUNIQUE
is the same as /UNIQUE:NONE.
Characteristics
Requires LOGIN.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
Example
Use DECLARE to define a command, LOOK, to run the SETSRC program.
.DECLARE LOOK=SYS:SETSRC.EXE<RET>
Use DECLARE to display your job's command list. Other commands
in the following example were defined previously.
.DECLARE/LIST<RET>
EDIT DSR TAPE LOOK
2-87
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DECLARE Command
Use the new command. Use CTRL/T to display the current state of
your job, including the name of the program that is running.
Note that, although CTRL/T is shown here, it does not echo on
your terminal.
.LOOK<RET>
*<CTRL/T>
Day: 1:02:23 Run: 0.13 Rd:32 Wr:0 SETSRC 4+OP T1 PC:002030
Input wait for TTY52:
<CTRL/Z>
EXIT
.
2-88
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DELETE Command
DELETE Command
Function
The DELETE command deletes files. Because of protection codes
associated with files, it is not usually possible to delete files
in another user's directory. Once a file is deleted, it cannot
be recovered.
Format
DELETE file-spec
Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of
file specifications, separated by commas. The full
wildcard construction (* and ?) can be used in the file
specification. (Refer to Section 1.11.)
If you do not specify a device name or a file structure
name, your job's search list is used. You can specify
a directory name before the file names and that
directory becomes the default for all subsequent files
in that command line. If you specify a directory name
after a file name, the directory applies only to that
file.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Runs the PIP program.
Requires LOGIN.
Permanently deletes the file(s).
Destroys your core image.
2-89
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DELETE Command
Examples
1. Delete all files with .MAC extension.
.DELETE *.MAC<RET>
FILES DELETED:
DSKB:T1.MAC
DSKB:T2.MAC
DSKB:T3.MAC
14 BLOCKS FREED
.
2. Delete the file TEST.FOR.
.DELETE DSKC:TEST.FOR<RET>
FILES DELETED:
DSKC:TEST.FOR
3 BLOCKS FREED
.
3. Delete all files with the file name TEST followed by 2
alphanumeric characters or less, and the extension .FOR.
.DELETE TEST??.FOR<RET>
FILES DELETED:
DSKB:TEST1.FOR
DSKB:TEST2.FOR
DSKB:TEST22.FOR
DSKB:TESTER.FOR
23 BLOCKS FREED
.
2-90
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEPOSIT Command
DEPOSIT Command
Function
The DEPOSIT command deposits information in your core area (high
or low segment). This function is useful for debugging programs.
Format
D lh rh addr
Where: lh is the octal value to be deposited in the left half
of the location. This argument is required.
rh is the octal value to be deposited in the right half
of the location. This argument is required.
addr is the address of the location into which the
information is to be deposited. This argument is
optional. If you omit the address, the system deposits
the data into the location following the address you
specified in the last D command or into the location
you looked at with your last E command. The command
used is the one specified most recently.
Characteristics
Requires LOGIN.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Requires core.
Example
Deposit in location 141.
.D 266000 2616 141<RET>
Examine location 140.
.E 140<RET>
000140/ 265720 40011
Because the address is omitted, the deposit made is in the
location of the last E command (that is, location 140).
.D 47000 1<RET>
2-91
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DEPOSIT Command
Examine the location specified in the previous D command.
.E<RET>
000140/ 047000 000001
.
2-92
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DETACH Command
DETACH Command
Function
The DETACH command disconnects the terminal from your job without
changing the status of your job. Your terminal is then free, so
that you can start a new job, attach to another detached job, or
cause your terminal to become a slave terminal for another job.
Format
DETACH
Characteristics
Detaches your terminal.
Does not destroy your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
Restrictions
This command is not available to batch users.
Example
Show the status of your job.
.SYSTAT .<RET>
1 27,5434 TTY263 SYSTAT 6+7 ^C
.
System message shows that your terminal line number is 263.
Detach your terminal.
.DETACH<RET>
FROM JOB 24
Show the status of your job.
.SYSTAT .<RET>
1 27,5434 DET SYSTAT 6+7 ^C
.
System message shows your job is detached.
2-93
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
DIRECTORY Command
Function
The DIRECTORY command prints a list of the file names in a
specified directory area. The standard output consists of the
following information: file name, file name extension, length of
the file in blocks, protection code, creation date, version
number, account, structure name, and directory name.
Format
DIRECTORY output file-spec=input file-spec
Where: input file-spec is a single file specification, or a
string of file specifications separated by commas or
plus signs. The devices used on input can be DSK:,
DTA:, or MTA: If the device is a magnetic tape, the
tape is rewound before and after the listing operation
and analyzed to determine if it is a BACKUP tape. The
default input specification is DSK:*.*, and the files
in all file structures defined by your job's search
list are listed. Generally, a device name, file name
extension, or a directory name that precedes the file
name becomes the default for all succeeding files in
the list.
output file-spec = This argument and the equal sign are
optional. If you omit the entire output specification,
the default is TTY:. If you do not specify an output
device, the default device is DSK:. If you do not
specify an output file name, and one is needed, the
file name is generated from the time of day as hhmmss.
The default output extension is .DIR.
The full wildcard construction (* and/or ?) can be used in the
input file-spec. When a wildcard designation is used, DIRECTORY
limits its search for the file to certain directories. When you
give a wildcard designation for a file name or extension, the
program only searches the specified directory or your default
directory. No additional devices, such as LIB: or SYS:, which
might be in your default path, are searched. (Refer to Section
1.14, and to the PATH monitor call description in the TOPS-10
Monitor Calls Manual, for information about directory paths.)
If you use the wildcard construction in the directory name, only
the directories implied by the wildcard construction are
searched. No additional directories are searched.
2-94
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
The following switches can be used in the command string.
Generally, any switches can be used together in the same command
string, unless the switches contradict one another. Switches
that precede the file name become the default for all succeeding
files in the same command line.
You can abbreviate switches as long as the result is unique.
This is not recommended for batch control files. Spaces are not
permitted within a switch.
Switch Function
/ACCESS:n Updates the access date of any file of n
blocks or less to the current date. Because
some installations delete files that have not
been recently accessed, this switch allows
you to prevent such deletion by updating the
files. n is a decimal number, and refers to
the number of blocks written in the file
unless the /ALLOC switch is also used. If
you omit the /ACCESS switch, the system does
not change the date. If you specify /ACCESS
but you omit :n, 5 is assumed.
/ACCOUNT Prints the account name associated with that
file. The account you are logged in under is
stored in the RIB of all files created or
superseded.
/ALLOCATED Lists the allocated length of the file
instead of the written length. Space on a
structure is sometimes allocated in units of
more than one block for efficiency.
Therefore, the number of blocks allocated to
a file can be greater than the number of
blocks actually written. The LOGOUT program
uses the allocated length when checking
quotas. The total allocated length of all
files is the same as the length output by the
QUOLST program under the USED column.
Normally, when a file is created, the system
allocates 30 blocks for it. Then the system
deallocates unused blocks after file creation
is complete. This switch is the complement
to the /WRITTEN switch.
/ANYDEVICE Searches all devices.
/AUTHOR Prints the project-programmer number of the
author of the file.
2-95
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/BEFORE:date-time Lists those files created before the
specified date and time. Default is
+infinity. Refer to Section 1.8.3.
|
| /BLOCKINGFACTOR:n Sets the number of disk blocks per tape block
| read from tape. The default value is 4 for
| compatability with tapes written by BACKUP
| without blocking-factor capability. The
| specified value must be in the range of 4 to
| 96, and must be a multiple of 4 disk blocks.
| Due to KS10 UNIBUS adapter limitations, the
| maximum blocking-factor on a KS10 is 56.
/BLOCKS Prints the length of the file in blocks.
This is the default. Complement to /WORDS.
/CHECKSUM Computes and prints an 18-bit checksum for
each file. This checksum is computed by
rotating the result to the left one bit
before adding each word. Complement to
/NOCHECKSUM.
/COMPARE Suppresses headers and titles, as well as
error messages in the output. This makes the
output file suitable for comparison with
another file (with FILCOM). Default is
/NOCOMPARE.
/DENSITY:n Uses the specified density when reading a
magnetic tape. n is 200, 556, 800, 1600, or
6250 bpi. The default depends on your
installation. You can change the default
with the SET DENSITY command.
/DETAIL Prints all available information about a
file. The information includes:
The full file specification for the file.
The access date.
The time and date of creation.
The access protection code associated with
the file.
The data mode that the file is written in.
The estimated length of the file.
The blocks allocated for the file.
The data block in the directory in which the
file is located.
The internal date and time of creation.
The RIB block number.
All numbers that are followed by a decimal
2-96
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
point are decimal values; all other numbers
are octal. The project-programmer number
associated with the file is printed only if
it is not the same as that of the user who
issued the DIRECTORY command.
/DIRECT Provides ASCII-formatted output. This the
default. Complement to /NODIRECT.
2-97
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/DSKONLY Searches all disk devices.
/DTA Lists the directory in old DECtape form.
/EOTS Stops at the logical end of tape (two
consecutive tape marks) when reading a
magnetic tape. This is the default.
Complement to /NOEOTS.
/ERLOG Enables automatic device error logging.
Complement to /NOERLOG. /ERLOG is the
default.
/FAST Lists short form of directory: file name,
extension, structure name, and directory
name. Abbreviated to /F. Complement to
/NORMAL and /SLOW.
/FILES:n Stops after n files when reading a magnetic
tape. If you specify /FILES but you omit :n,
5 is assumed. When the system reaches the
logical EOT, it will stop reading the tape.
/FIND Looks for the Find Files for the directory
listing rather than the devices. A Find File
is the binary output of a directory listing,
and is created with the /FNDBLD switch.
/FIND looks for the Find File in
SYS:FNDDAT.FDF or .FPF. You can use the
/FNDDAT switch to specify the file name of
the Find File.
/FLSDIR Prints each file's device and directory to
the right of the first line of output for
each directory. Complement to /NOFLSDIR, the
default is /FLSDIR, unless /HDSDIR or /WIDTH
is specified.
/FNDBLD Creates Find Files from the DIRECTORY output.
A Find File is the binary output from a
DIRECTORY listing. Find Files are useful for
archiving and retrieving files on magnetic
tape. The file name of the Find File is that
specified in the output specification of the
command format. If you do not specify the
output file name, the default is
DSK:FNDDAT.FDF or .FPF. The files can later
be accessed with the /FIND switch. The
complement to /FDNBLD is /NOFDNBLD.
/NOFNDBLD is the default.
2-98
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/FNDDAT:file Specifies the file name of the Find Files to
be read for the directory listing. A Find
File is the binary output for a directory
listing, and is created with the /FNDBLD
switch. You must use the /FIND switch with
the /FNDDAT switch.
/HDSDIR Prints the device and directory information
of the file as a separate header line,
immediately preceding the directory listing
for each directory. Complementary to
/FLSDIR. The default is /NOHDSDIR, unless
/WIDTH and /NOFLSDIR are specified.
/HELP:arg Prints DIRECTORY help text on your terminal.
/HELP can be abbreviated to /H. Valid
arguments are: TEXT, KEYWORDS, and SWITCHES.
TEXT is the default argument; it prints the
entire DIRECT.HLP file. The KEYWORDS
argument (K) lists and describes all LOGIN
switches which take keyword arguments.
SWITCHES (S) briefly lists all DIRECTORY
switches without explanations. Switches that
have a single-letter abbreviation are
prefixed with an asterisk.
/INDIRECT Creates the output listing file in a format
suitable for use as a command file to be
input to other programs.
/LENGTH:n:m Processes only files whose length is between
n and m blocks.
/LIST Queues the output to device LPT:.
Abbreviated to /L. Refer to the LIST command
for restrictions on this switch.
/MARKS Indicates each tape mark and UFD when reading
a magnetic tape. Complement of /NOMARKS.
/MVOLUME When reading BACKUP and DUMPER magnetic
tapes, asks the user to mount another reel
when the end of tape is encountered in the
middle of a save set. Complement to
/NOMVOLUME, the default is /NOMVOLUME.
/NOAUTHOR Does not print the project-programmer number
of the author of the file. This is the
default. Complement to /AUTHOR.
2-99
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/NOCHECKSUM Does not compute and print the checksum.
This is the default. Complement of
/CHECKSUM.
/NOCOMPARE Prints the normal headers, titles, and error
messages. Complement to /COMPARE, the
default is /NOCOMPARE.
/NODETAIL Does not print the words in the LOOKUP block.
This is the default. Complement to /DETAIL.
/NODIRECT Does not print the normal ASCII listing.
Complement to /DIRECT, the default is
/DIRECT.
/NOEOTS Does not stop at the logical end of tape when
reading a magnetic tape. Complement to
/EOTS.
/NOERLOG Does not enable automatic device error
logging. /ERLOG is the compliment to
/NOERLOG, and the default.
/NOFIND Does not look for Find Files for the output.
Complement to /FIND, the default is /NOFIND.
/NOFLSDIR Does not print each file's device and
directory to the right of the first line for
each directory listed. Complement to
/FLSDIR; the default is /FLSDIR, unless
/HDSDIR or /WIDTH is specified.
/NOFNDBLD Does not make a Find File from the output.
Complement to /FNDBLD; the default is
/NOFNDBLD.
/NOHDSDIR Does not print the device and directory as a
header for each directory listed. Complement
to /HDSDIR, the default is /NOHDSDIR, unless
/WIDTH is specified.
/NOINDIRECT Does not format the output listing so that it
can be used as input to a program.
Complement to /INDIRECT, the default is
/NOINDIRECT.
/NOMARKS Does not indicate each tape mark and UFD when
reading a magnetic tape. This is the
default. Complement to /MARKS.
2-100
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/NOMVOLUME When using BACKUP or DUMPER, does not ask the
user to mount another magnetic tape when the
end of tape comes in the middle of a save
set. Complement to /MVOLUME, the default is
/NOMVOLUME.
/NOPRDEVICE Does not print the device name. Complement
to /PRDEVICE.
/NOPRDIRECTORY Does not print the directory. Complement to
/PRDIRECTORY.
/NOPRVERSION Suppresses printing the version number of the
files. The normal listing prints the version
number only if it is not zero. Complement to
/PRVERSION.
/NORETRY Disables automatic error retry when reading a
file. Generates error messages for soft
errors. Complement to /RETRY, the default is
/RETRY.
/NOREWIND Does not rewind the tape before and after
reading a magnetic tape. Complement to
/REWIND.
/NORMAL Prints the normal directory list. This list
includes the file name, extension, length in
blocks written, protection, creation date,
structure name, nonzero version numbers, and
directory name. Complement to /FAST and
/SLOW. This is the default. Use this switch
to override a /FAST or /SLOW in your
SWITCH.INI file.
/NOSORT Does not produce a file suitable for sorting.
This is the default. Complement to /SORT.
/NOSUMMARY Does not use summary mode. This is the
default. Complement to /SUMMARY.
/NOTITLE Does not print page headers. This is the
default for output to the terminal.
Complement to /TITLE.
/NOUNITS Does not list the name of the actual disk
unit; instead, just lists the structure name.
This is the default. Complement to /UNITS.
/OKNONE Suppresses the error message if no files
match the wildcard construction.
2-101
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/OPTION:name Reads your option file (DSK:SWITCH.INI[,]) to
determine your specified switch defaults for
DIRECT. The name appearing as the value of
the switch is the pointer to the line to read
in the file. For example, if the file
contains the line:
DIRECT:ALL/DETAIL
then you reference this line by typing the
command:
DIRECT/OPTION:ALL
Refer to Appendix B for additional
information.
/PARITY:ODD Specifies the parity to be used when reading
/PARITY:EVEN a magnetic tape. The default is :ODD.
/PHYSICAL Ignores logical names. Refer to Section
1.9.1 for a description of logical names.
/PRDEVICE Prints the name of the device for each file.
/PRDIRECTORY Prints the name of the directory for each
file.
/PROTECTION:nnn Gives the output file the protection nnn
(octal). Protection codes are discussed in
Section 1.9.4.
/PRVERSION Prints the version of each file. If you do
not specify this switch, the default is to
print the version only if it is not zero.
The complement is /NOPRVERSION.
/RETRY Enables automatic error retry when reading a
file. Complement to /NORETRY, the default is
/RETRY.
/REWIND Rewinds the magnetic tape before and after
reading it. This is the default. Complement
to /NOREWIND.
/RUN:file-spec Runs the specified program when this command
is finished.
/RUNOFFSET:n Runs the program specified with /RUN with an
offset of n. If you omit the switch, the
default is 0; if you omit the value, the
default is 1.
2-102
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/SINCE:date-time Lists only those files created after the
specified date and time. The default is
January 1, 1964. Refer to Section 1.8.3.
/SLOW Prints a full listing that includes the file
name, extension, length in blocks written,
protection, access date, creation time and
date, structure name, and directory name.
Equivalent to /S. Complement to /FAST and
/NORMAL. (Disk and magnetic tape only.)
/SORT Lists the file structure name and directory
name for each file. The file structure name
is output for every file if you do not
specify a file structure name in the command
string or if you specify generic DSK:. The
wildcard construction is used in the
directory name. TABs are space-filled to
maintain a constant number of characters in
any given line. Project-programmer numbers
include leading zeros; the date is in ANSI
format: 19721009 for Oct 9, 1972. Use this
switch to prepare a file to be sorted by the
SORT program. (See the COBOL documentation.)
Complement to /NOSORT.
/SUMMARY Prints only the summary line that indicates
the total number of blocks and files. A
/FAST/SUMMARY prints a /FAST listing followed
by the summary.
/TITLE Causes a heading to be output on each page
consisting of a label for each column, date,
time, and page number. Standard output to
the line printer has this heading.
Complement to /NOTITLE.
/TMPCOR Lists the directory in old TMPCOR format.
/UNITS Lists the name of the actual disk unit on
which the files are stored instead of the
file structure name. Complement to /NOUNITS.
/WIDTH:n Prints several entries on a single line to
make the output appear in columns. The
default for n is the terminal carriage width.
(See the SET TTY WIDTH command.)
/WORDS Prints the length of the file in words
instead of blocks. Complement to /BLOCKS.
2-103
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
/WRITTEN Prints the written length of the file rather
than the allocated length. This is the
default. Complement to /ALLOCATED.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
Examples
1. List all files on DSKB:.
.DIRECT DSKB:<RET>
FILE DAT 220 <055> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKB: [27,5055]
SWITCH INI 10 <057> dd-mmm-yy
PROG MAC 5 <055> dd-mmm-yy
.
2. List all files with extension .MAC in all file structures in
your job's search list.
.DIRECT *.MAC<RET>
PROG MAC 5 <057> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKB:[27,5055]
FILE MAC 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy 30(201) DSKC:[27,5055]
.
3. List the directory entry for the file TEST.F4 in user area
[27,4072].
.DIR TEST.F4[27,4072]<RET>
TEST F4 6 <055> dd-mmm-yy 31(225) DSKC:[27,4072]
.
4. List all files in sub-file directory WIZZER.SFD in the [7,2]
area on BLKT:.
.DIR BLKT:[7,2,WIZZER]<RET>
ATTA TST 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy BLKT:[7,2,WIZZER]
NEW ALG 4 <055> dd-mmm-yy
ALGOL DOC 20 <055> dd-mmm-yy
.
2-104
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
5. Show the switches to the DIRECT command.
.DIRECT/HELP:SWITCHES<RET>
DIRECT switches are:
ACCESS, ACCOUN, *ALLOC, AUTHOR, CHECKS, COMPAR, DETAIL,
DIRECT, DTA, EOTS, ERLOG, *FAST, FILES, FIND,
FLSDIR, FNDBLD, FNDDAT, HDSDIR, *INDIR, *LIST, MARKS,
MVOLUM, *NORMA, PRDEVI, PRDIRE, PRVERS, RETRY, REWIND,
SBRMSG, *SLOW, SORT, SUMMAR, TITLES, TMPCOR, UNITS,
*WIDTH, WORDS, WRITTE
Standard switches are:
ABEFOR, ALLOCA, ANYDEV, APPEND, ASCII, ASINCE, BEFORE,
BINARY, BLOCKS, BYTESI, BUFFER, CONTIG, DATAMO, DELETE,
DENSIT, DSKONL, ERNONE, ERPROT, ERSUPE, ERUID, ESTIMA,
EXIT, FIXED, FRAMES, *HELP, IMAGE, IOMODE, LENGTH,
LIB, MACY11, MECY11, MESSAG, NEW, NOOPTI, OKNONE,
OKPROT, OKSUPE, OKUID, OPTION, PARITY, PBEFOR, PHYSIC,
PRINT, PROTEC, PSINCE, QUERY, RECSIZ, RECFOR, RUN,
RUNCOR, RUNOFF, SCERRO, SCWILD, SINCE, STRS, SUBMIT,
SYS, TELL, TMPFIL, VARIAB, VERSIO
.
6. Create an output listing file in a format suitable for input
to other programs.
.
.DIRECT OUT.FIL/INDIRECT=*.TXT
Total of 10 files
.
.TYPE OUT.FIL
DSKB:MAIL.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:OPRGD.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:MCO.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:RDH.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:MSRDH.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:MSDPM.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:INITIA.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:STEVS.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:SPIDER.TXT[10,5763]
DSKB:BARRY2.TXT[10,5763]
.
2-105
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
hl2 DISABLE Command
Function
The DISABLE command disables the POKE, SPY, and other privileged
monitor calls that were enabled when you first logged in or when
you used the ENABLE command. When you log in, your privileges,
if any, are enabled by default.
Format
DISABLE
Characteristics
Does not destroy your core image.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not change privileges associated with being [1,2] or on
the operator's terminal.
Requires LOGIN.
Example
Run FILDDT.
.R FILDDT<RET>
Look at monitor memory. Privileges are required to examine
address 41.
FILE: /M<RET>
41/ JSR 3600
C
The contents of 41 are shown, indicating your job has privileges
enabled. Disable the privileges:
.DISABLE<RET>
Run FILDDT.
.R FILDDT<RET>
2-106
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DIRECTORY Command
When you attempt to examine address 41, the contents are not
revealed. 0 is printed.
FILE: /M<RET>
41/ 0
^C
Enable your privileges.
.ENABLE<RET>
Again, examine memory with FILDDT. Your job's privileges have
been reinstated.
.R FILDDT<RET>
FILE: /M<RET>
41/ JSR 3600
^C
.
2-107
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DISMOUNT Command
DISMOUNT Command
Function
The DISMOUNT command relinquishes ownership of a device. It does
not affect your allocation requests, if you have used the
ALLOCATE command, and you can MOUNT the device again. Once you
have dismounted a volume set, the device is available to other
users. However, if the resource was not allocated with the
ALLOCATE command DISMOUNT performs an implicit DEALLOCATE.
If you used the ALLOCATE command for the resource, the DISMOUNTed
resource remains in an allocated state until you issue the
DEALLOCATE command. Once you have dismounted a volume set, your
programs can no longer reference the resource by the logical name
except with the MOUNT and DEALLOCATE commands.
Format
DISMOUNT resource-name/switch,resource-name/switch,...
Where: For disk volume sets, the resource-name is the volume
set-name or the logical name.
For tape volume sets, the resource-name is the logical
name.
You can use the following switches in the command string:
Switch Function
/HELP Prints a short description of the command. If you
specify any resource names with this switch, they
will be ignored.
/NONOTIFY Does not set the system to notify your job when
the dismount is complete. This is the default
function if you have not specified /NOWAIT.
/NOTIFY Sets the system to notify your job when the
dismount is complete. If you specify /NOWAIT,
this is the default function.
/NOWAIT Allows your job to return to monitor level before
the dismount is complete. This implies /NOTIFY.
/REMOVE Removes the specified file structure from your
job's search list. If no other jobs are accessing
the structure, and if it is not a system
2-108
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DISMOUNT Command
structure, the operator physically dismounts it.
2-109
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DISMOUNT Command
/WAIT Holds your job until the dismount is complete.
This is the default function.
Associated Commands
ALLOCATE Informs the system of your future need for a
resource.
DEALLOCATE Removes the resource from your job's list of
allocated resources. If the resource has not
been dismounted, DEALLOCATE dismounts it.
MOUNT Requests ownership of the resource(s).
SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources that are
allocated and mounted for your job.
SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of the requests in the system
queues.
Characteristics
Runs the QUEUE program.
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
Examples
1. The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE,
DEALLOCATE, MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands.
The resources are reserved for a multivolume tape volume set
with the ALLOCATE command. The name of the volume set is
TAPE-SET, and it contains three volumes. The logical name TS
is assigned to the tape set. The tape is write enabled, and
it does not have standard labels.
.ALLOCATE TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE
/LABEL:NONE<RET>
[ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUESTS #672]
A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job:
.MOUNT DSKR:<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED]
2-110
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DISMOUNT Command
The job's resources are displayed using the SHOW ALLOCATION
command:
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
-------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again
displayed:
.MOUNT TS<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
-------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
After work with the tape set and the structure is finished,
the structure is dismounted. Because the structure was not
explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated.
.DEALLOCATE DSKR<RET>
[STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED]
2-111
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DISMOUNT Command
The tape volume set is dismounted:
.DISMOUNT TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED]
The job's resources are displayed:
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
-------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can
be deallocated. The tape set is deallocated:
.DEALLOCATE TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
-------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
.
2-112
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DISMOUNT Command
2. In this example, you knew that the job was the only one using
the structure BLKJ: and included a /REMOVE switch, so that
the operator would remove the disk pack from the drive. The
message "BLKJ DISMOUNTED" means that BLKJ: is no longer in
your search list, and that a request has been queued to the
operator to remove the pack from the drive. The message does
not mean that BLKJ has already been physically removed.
Because this command implies /NOWAIT, you will not receive
notification of the physical removal of the disk pack.
.DISMOUNT BLKJ/REMOVE<RET>
[BLKJ DISMOUNTED]
3. The following DISMOUNT/WAIT command causes the job to suspend
further processing until all pending dismount requests from
it have been completed. There were no pending dismount
requests from this job, so the job returns to monitor level
immediately.
.DISMOUNT/WAIT<RET>
NONE PENDING FOR YOUR JOB
.
2-113
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DSK Command
DSK Command
Function
The DSK command prints disk usage figures for all disk I/O
performed since the last DSK command, followed by the total
amount of disk I/O performed since the job was started. Disk
usage is printed in the following format:
RD,WT=i,j
RD,WT=m,n
Where: i and j are the incremental number of 128-word blocks
read and written since the last DSK command.
m and n are the total number of 128-word blocks read
and written since the job started.
NOTE
i and j are kept modulo 4096. If you enabled
automatic READ or WRITE output, using the SET
WATCH command, i and j are usually zero,
because SET WATCH resets these values. CTRL/T
also resets these values.
Format
DSK job
Where: job is the number of the job for which you want the
disk usage. This argument is optional. If you include
the job number in the command string, only the total
statistics (m and n above) are printed.
If the job-number is omitted, the system prints the
disk usage figures for your job.
Characteristics
Requires LOGIN.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not destroy your core image.
2-114
SYSTEM COMMANDS
DSK Command
Example
Print the disk usage values for your job.
.DSK<RET>
RD,WT=5,10
RD,WT=474,12
Print the total disk usage values for job 50.
.DSK 50<RET>
RD,WT=474,12
2-115
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ENABLE Command
ENABLE Command
Function
If you are not a privileged user, this command has no effect.
However, if you are a privileged user (that is, you have the
privilege word set in ACTDAE.SYS) you can turn your privileges
off with the DISABLE command, and you can turn your privileges on
with the ENABLE command. Your privileges are enabled
automatically when you log in. Privileges allow you to use
privileged monitor calls such as POKE and SPY.
Format
ENABLE
Characteristics
Does not destroy your core image.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not affect privileges associated with [1,2] or with being on
the operator's terminal (OPR:).
Example
Run FILDDT. Look at memory area. Examine address 41.
Privileges are required to examine this location.
.R FILDDT<RET>
FILE: /M<RET>
41/ JSR 3600
^C
Disable your privileges:
.DISABLE<RET>
Run FILDDT. Examine 41. Your privileges are disabled;
therefore, 0 is printed rather than the contents of 41.
.R FILDDT<RET>
FILE: /M<RET>
41/ 0
^C
2-116
SYSTEM COMMANDS
ENABLE Command
Enable your privileges:
.ENABLE<RET>
Again, examine memory. The contents of 41 are displayed.
.R FILDDT<RET>
FILE: /M<RET>
41/ JSR 3600
^C
.
2-117
SYSTEM COMMANDS
EOF Command
EOF Command
Function
The EOF command writes an end-of-file mark on the specified
magnetic tape. This command runs the COMPIL program, which
interprets the command before running the PIP program.
Format
EOF MTxn:
Where: MTxn: specifies the magnetic-tape unit.
More than one magnetic-tape unit can be specified in
the command string by separating the specifications
with commas. Refer to Section 1.9.1 for a description
of device name formats.
Characteristics
Requires LOGIN.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
Example
Write end-of-file mark on magnetic tape MTA2:.
.EOF MTA2:<RET>
.
2-118
SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXAMINE Command
EXAMINE Command
Function
The EXAMINE command displays a core location in your area (high
or low segment). The contents of the location are typed out in
half-word octal mode. This command is useful when debugging
programs.
Format
E addr
Where: addr is the address of the location being examined.
The address is required the first time the EXAMINE
command is used.
If you omit the address, the system will examine the
next location. If the previous command was a deposit,
the system will examine the location of the deposit.
Characteristics
Requires LOGIN.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Requires core.
Example
Examine location 140.
.E 140<RET>
000140/ 000000 000000
Examine the next location, 141. You do not need to specify the
address for a consecutive location.
.E<RET>
000141/ 000000 000000
Deposit 1 in location 141. You can omit the address because the
DEPOSIT command will use the location of the last EXAMINE
command.
.D 0 1<RET>
2-119
SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXAMINE Command
Examine the same location, 141. You do not need to specify the
address. The EXAMINE command will use the location of the last
DEPOSIT command.
.E<RET>
000141/ 000000 000001
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXECUTE Command
EXECUTE Command
Function
The EXECUTE command compiles the specified source files, if
necessary, loads the generated REL files into core, and begins
execution of the program. The system determines the proper
language compiler to use from the source file extensions or from
switches you specify in the command string. (Refer to the
COMPILE command.) If a .REL file already exists with a newer
date than that of the source file, the system does not compile
the file unless you request this explicitly with a switch.
This command is equal to issuing the LOAD and START commands.
Each time you issue a COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG command,
the system remembers the command with its arguments in a
temporary file on disk or in core. Therefore, when you issue one
of these commands without specifying any arguments, the system
uses the arguments that it saved in the temporary file. (Refer
to Appendix C.)
The EXECUTE command accepts several command constructions: the @
construction (indirect commands), the + construction, the =
construction, and the < > construction. Refer to Appendix C for
a complete description of each of these constructions.
This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the
command before running the appropriate language compiler for
LINK.
Format
EXECUTE file-spec
Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of
file specifications separated by commas. A file
specification consists of a device name, a file name
with or without an extension, and a directory name.
(Refer to Section 1.9.)
You can use the following switches to modify the command string.
These switches can be temporary or permanent switches unless
otherwise stated. (Refer to Section 1.8.4.)
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXECUTE Command
Switch Function
/ALGOL Compiles the file with ALGOL. Assumed for files
with the extension of .ALG.
/BINARY Generates a binary file for each file compiled.
The file name for the binary file follows the
standard conventions for determining the name of
the output file. (Refer to the COMPILE command.)
The file name extension is .REL. This is the
default action.
/BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for
files with the extension of .b10 or .bLI. This
switch is not supported.
/C68 Runs the appropriate COBOL compiler.
/C74
/COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for files
with the extension of .CBL.
/COMPILE Forces a compilation of this file even if a binary
file exists with a newer date and time than the
source file. You can use this switch to obtain an
extra compilation (for example, to obtain a
listing) because the system does not perform
compilation if the binary file is newer than the
source file.
/CREF Produces a cross-referenced listing file on the
disk for each file compiled, for later processing
by the CREF program. The file extension of the
output file is .CRF. You can then list the files
using the CREF command. However, with COBOL
files, the system appends the cross-referenced
listing to the listing file.
/DDT Loads the program debugger DDT with the program.
/DEBUG:(arg, arg,...)
Passes the arguments to FORTRAN. Refer to the
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language Manual.
/DLIST Produces a .LST file in your directory area. You
can output the file to the line printer with the
PRINT command.
/F40 Obsolete
/F10
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXECUTE Command
/F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and EXTERNAL
statements.
/FOROTS Obsolete
/FORSE
/FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler.
Assumed for files with the extension of .F4 and
.FOR and all files with nonrecognizable compiler
extensions if FORTRAN is the standard compiler.
You need to specify this switch if the file has a
nonrecognizable compiler extension and FORTRAN is
not the standard compiler or is not the current
default. (For example, EXE/ALGOL FIL1, FIL2,
FIL3/FORTRAN).
/FUDGE: Creates a temporary file that contains the names
file-spec of the .REL files produced by the command string
plus the library file name. When you issue the
FUDGE command, PIP reads this temporary file to
generate a library .REL file. (Refer to the FUDGE
command description.) The argument to this switch
is:
dev:file.ext[proj,prog]
Where: dev: is the device on which to write the
file. If you omit the device, the system
assumes DSK.
file.ext is the name of the library file.
The file name is required. If you omit
the extension, the system assumes .REL.
[proj,prog] is the directory in which to
place the file. Your directory is assumed
if you do not specify a directory.
This switch is permanent in the sense that it
pertains to all .REL files generated by the
command string.
/GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are to be
stored in G-floating format. This format has an
extended exponent range. This option is available
on KL-10 proessors only.
2-123
SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXECUTE Command
/K?10 Designates the processor where the program will
execute once it has been loaded. The variable (?)
can be L or S. These switches are necessary for
FORTRAN-10 programs because the compiler generates
different code for the processors. The default is
the processor on the computer executing the
command.
/LIBRARY Loads the files in library search mode. This mode
causes a program file in a special library file to
be loaded only if one or more of its declared
entry symbols satisfies an undefined global
request in the source file. The system libraries
are always searched. (See the TOPS-10 LINK
Reference Manual.)
/LINK Obsolete
/LIST Generates a listing file for each file compiled.
The extension of the output file is .LST. The
system automatically spools it when you log out.
The complement of this switch is /NOLIST.
/LMAP Produces a loader map during the loading process
containing the local symbols.
/LOADER Obsolete
/MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for files
with extensions of .MAC.
/MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for files
with extensions of .P11. This switch is not
supported.
/MANTIS Compiles the file with MANTIS debugging
information. This switch affects Fortran-40 files
only. This switch is not supported.
/MAP Produces loader maps during the loading process.
When this switch is encountered, a loader map is
requested from the loader. After the library
search of the system libraries, the map is written
in your disk area with either the file name
specified by you (for example, /MAP:file) or the
default file name nnnLNK.MAP. This switch is an
exception to the permanent switch rule in that it
causes only one map to be produced even though it
appears as a permanent switch.
2-124
SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXECUTE Command
/NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
experimental system library (device NEW:) area
[1,5]. If the compiler does not exist on device
NEW:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device SYS:.
(Refer to the Restriction.)
/NOBINARY Does not generate binary files. Unless you issue
this switch, the system generates binary files.
This switch, when combined with the /CREF or /LIST
switch, is useful when you compile programs solely
for the purpose of generating listings.
/NOCOMPILE Does not force a compilation on a source file
whose date is not as recent as the date on the
binary file. This switch is not the same as the
/REL switch, which turns off all compilations,
even if the source file is newer than the .REL
file. Complement to the /COMPILE switch.
/NOCOMPILE is the default action.
/NODEBUG Does not pass previously specified arguments to
FORTRAN.
/NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the
default action.
/NOMANTIS Compiles the file without MANTIS debugging
information. This switch affects Fortran-40
programs only. This switch is not supported.
/NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object code of FORTRAN
programs.
/NOSEARCH Loads all routines of the file whether the
routines are referenced or not. Because this is
the default action, this switch is used to turn
off library search mode (/LIBRARY).
/OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
system library of old programs (device OLD:) which
resides on the disk area [1,3]. If the compiler
does not exist on device OLD:, COMPIL tries to
obtain it from device SYS:. (Refer to the
Restriction.)
/OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object code of FORTRAN source
programs.
/PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for files
with the .PAL extension.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXECUTE Command
/PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for files
with the .PAS extension.
/REL Uses the existing .REL files although newer source
files might be present.
/SAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program.
/SEARCH Loads the files in library search mode. The
action is identical to that of the /LIBRARY
switch.
/SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from device
DSK: instead of from the system library (device
SYS:). This switch is useful if you keep a
private copy of a compiler in your own disk area.
(Refer to the Restriction.)
/SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for files
with an extension of .SNO. This switch is not
supported.
/SSAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program in a
sharable executable file.
/SYS Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
system library (device SYS:) area [1,4]. This is
the default action.
Restriction
You cannot specify compilers from different structures in the
same command string. For example, the following is invalid:
.EXECUTE PARTA.FOR/NEW,PARTB.FOR/OLD
However, the following is valid:
.COMPILE PARTA.FOR/NEW<RET>
.COMPILE PARTB.FOR/OLD<RET>
.EXECUTE/REL PARTA,PARTB
Characteristics
Requires LOGIN.
Places your terminal at user level.
Runs the appropriate compiler or assembler and linking
loader, destroying your original core image.
Starts the execution of the compiled and loaded program.
2-126
SYSTEM COMMANDS
EXECUTE Command
Example
Type out a test program.
.TYPE PROG.FOR<RET>
TYPE 10
10 FORMAT (' TESTING EXECUTION')
END
Execute the program.
.EXECUTE PROG.FOR<RET>
FORTRAN: PROG
MAIN
LINK: LOADING
[LNKXCT PROG EXECUTION]
TESTING EXECUTION
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME: 0.02 ELAPSED TIME: 0.05
EXIT
.
Message shows the time parameters of your job.
2-127
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FILE Command
FILE Command
Function
The FILE command remotely controls DECtape-to-disk and
disk-to-DECtape transfers on operator-handled DECtapes.
NOTE
The FILE command is not part of the standard
system. Your site must run OMOUNT explicitly to
make the FILE command usable.
There are seven functions that can be performed by the FILE
command.
Format Function
FILE C Check
FILE D Delete
FILE F File
FILE L Read
FILE R Retrieve
FILE W Wait
FILE Z Zero
The C and W functions are the only requests that are performed
immediately. Your terminal and job are free to proceed before
the request is completed, except for batch jobs, which cannot
continue until execution is complete.
Formats
1. FILE C
Checks the queue of FILE requests to determine if any of your
requests are still pending. There is no argument to the
command in this format. Pending requests for your job will
be printed on your terminal.
2. FILE D,tape-id,file.ext,file.ext,...
Deletes the specified files from DECtape. This command
requires tape identification and a list of file names as
arguments. The tape-id is a 1- to 6-character alphanumeric
name that identifies the tape. After the files are deleted,
an automatic FILE L is performed.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
FILE Command
3. FILE F,tape-id file-spec,file-spec,...
Copies the specified files onto the specified DECtape. This
command requires a tape identification and list of file
specifications as arguments. The file specifications can
include an explicit file structure name and
project-programmer number so that you can copy files from a
disk area other than your own. You do not have to specify
the device and project-programmer number of subsequent file
specifications if they do not change. That is, you must
specify the programmer number (for example, [,104]) if the
file to be copied has the same project number as yours and
you must specify the project number ([41,]) if you are
copying files from another project.
The protection of the disk file is checked to see if the file
can be read. In addition, the protection of the DECtape
directory file (tape-id.DIR) is checked to see if you can
update it. If there is not enough room on the DECtape to
copy an entire file, that portion (if any) that has been
written so far is deleted and an error message is placed in
the directory file. When the files have been successfully
copied, an automatic FILE L is performed.
When the wildcard construction is used with the FILE F and
FILE Z commands, your job's entire search list is used. That
is, all files matching the construction are transferred from
all structures in the search list.
In most cases you do not need to specify which file
structures the files are on because UMOUNT determines this
(with LOOKUPs) and passes the information to OMOUNT. With
the FILE F and FILE Z functions, if a file structure is not
specified and the specified file exists on more than one
structure, the first one in your search list is copied.
4. FILE L,tape-id
Reads the directory of a DECtape and writes it into your disk
area as an ASCII file with the file name tape-id.DIR. The
file is placed on the first file structure that can be
written on in your search list, as long as that structure has
an area that matches your project-programmer number. Tape-id
is a 1- to 6-character alphanumeric name that is used to
identify the tape. You can then print the directory on your
terminal with the TYPE command. The format of the DECtape
directory is similar to the directory file written by the
DIRECTORY command. If errors occur while the FILE command is
being processed, the system writes error messages into the
directory file tape-id.DIR.
2-129
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FILE Command
5. File R,tape-id,dev:file.ext,dev:file.ext...
Transfers the specified files from your DECtape to the disk.
This command requires tape-id and a list of file names as
arguments. If the specified files already exist in the disk
area, they are superseded, if their protection code allows
it. If the specified files do not exist, they are created on
the first file structure in your job's search list for which
creation is permitted. After files are transferred, an
automatic FILE L is performed.
If you have a search list containing multiple file
structures, the asterisk construction (when used with the
FILE R command) can cause files to be created rather than
superseded. For the FILE R function, when no file structure
is specified, the files are copied onto the first file
structure in your search list on which you are allowed to
create files. (Refer to the description of the SETSRC
program.) When a file structure name is typed or implied, it
becomes the new default.
6. FILE W
Waits until all of your pending requests are processed before
allowing your job to continue. If there are pending
requests, the message "WAITING... TYPE 2 ^C'S TO EXIT" is
printed on your terminal. Control returns to your job when
all requests have been processed. You can type two CTRL/Cs
if you decide not to wait.
7. FILE Z,tape-id,dev:file.ext[ppn],dev:file.ext[ppn]...
Deletes the files in the directory of the DECtape before the
files are copied and then performs the same operations as the
FILE F command. This command requires tape-id and can have a
list of file specification arguments. After the files are
copied, an automatic FILE L is performed.
When you use the wildcard construction with the FILE F and
FILE Z commands, your job's entire search list is used. That
is, all files matching the construction are transferred from
all structures in the search list.
2-130
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FILE Command
The wildcard constructions can be used, but generic DSK: can
define many file structures; the specific file structure is
chosen as follows:
When you use the wildcard construction for the file name or
extension, the first structure in your search list that you
can access is used.
If you do not use the wildcard construction and the file
exists, the first file structure in the search list that
contains the specified file is used, unless overridden by a
default. (Refer to the examples.) If the file does not
exist, the standard structure is used.
Examples
In the following examples, your search list is as follows:
SORT:,DSKA:/NOCREATE,DSKB:,DSKC:
You are user 10,3421, with UFDs on DSKA:, DSKB:, and DSKC:, and
the file EX.1 exists on each of these three structures. User
10,4072 has the file EX.2 in his area on DSKB: and on DSKC:.
1. This command requests that the operator mount DECtape 1, that
the file EX.1 in your area be copied onto it, that the file
EX.2[10,4072] also be copied onto the DECtape, that a
directory of the DECtape be written in your area, and that
the operator dismount the DECtape.
The directory is written on the first structure encountered
in the search list that is both writable and on which you
have a UFD. In the preceding example, you do not have a UFD
on the first structure in your search list (SORT:), you
cannot create new files on the second structure in your
search list (DSKA:), and so the directory is written on the
third structure in your search list (DSKB:).
The file EX.1 on DSKA: will be copied only onto the DECtape
because the copy on DSKA: was encountered first. The file
DSKB:EX.2[10,4072] will be copied onto the DECtape because
the copy on DSKB: was encountered first.
.FILE F,TAPE1,EX.1,EX.2[10,4072]<RET>
REQUEST QUEUED
1. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE1
DSKB:,DSKA0:EX.1,DSKB0:EX.2[10,4072]
1 COMMAND IN QUEUE
.
2-131
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FILE Command
2. In this example, you specified that DSKC: be copied from both
areas. DSKC: was typed only once because a device given in a
file specification remains in effect for subsequent file
specifications in the same command, unless another device is
specified. When you omit the project number the default is
your project-programmer number. Also the project-programmer
number can be specified either before the file name (as in
this example) or after the file name (as in the preceding
example).
.FILE F,TAPE2,DSKC:EX.1,[,4072]EX.2<RET>
REQUEST QUEUED
2. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE2
DSKB:DSKC0:EX.1,DSKC0:EX.2[10,4072]
2 COMMANDS IN QUEUE
.
The response from the FILE C command indicates to you which
of your requests have not yet been processed. In this case,
both of your requests are still pending.
.FILE C<RET>
1. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE1
DSKB:,DSKA0:EX.1,DSKB0:EX.2[10,4071]
2. F JOB30 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE2
DSKB:,DSKC0:EX.1,DSKC0:EX.2[10,4072]
2 COMMANDS IN QUEUE
.
The FILE R command uses the same algorithm as the FILE F and
Z command for determining the device on which to write the
directory. The file EX.1 is written on the first file
structure in your search list. The file EX.1 already exists
on DSKA:, DSKB:, and DSKC:. DSKA: is NOCREATE, so the file
EX.1 is written onto DSKB, superseding the EX.1 already on
DSKB:.
.FILE R,TAPE1,EX.1<RET>
REQUEST QUEUED
1. R JOB24 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE1
DSKB:,DSKB:EX.1
1 COMMAND IN QUEUE
.
2-132
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FILE Command
3. When the wildcard construction is used, UMOUNT uses the
entire search list to determine what files to copy for FILE F
and FILE Z commands, whether or not you have a UFD on a
particular structure. UMOUNT passes the construction, along
with each structure in the search list, to OMOUNT.
.FILE F,TAPE3,E?.*<RET>
REQUEST QUEUED
2. F JOB24 TTY11 10,3421 TAPE3
DSKB:,SORT:E?.*,DSKA:E?.*,DSKB:E?.*,DSKC:E?.*
DSKC:E?.*
2 COMMANDS IN QUEUE
.
2-133
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FINISH Command
FINISH Command
Function
The FINISH command terminates any input or output currently in
progress on the specified device, closes any open files, and
deassigns the device. This command completely disassociates a
device from your job and prevents you from continuing the
program. If you want to continue your program after ending I/O,
use the DEASSIGN command instead of the FINISH command.
Format
FINISH dev:
Where: dev: is the logical or physical name of the device on
which I/O is to be terminated. This argument is
optional.
If dev: is omitted I/O is terminated on all devices,
except your job's controlling terminal, and any logical
name associated with the controlling terminal is
cleared.
Refer to Section 1.9.1 for a description of device
names.
Characteristics
Requires LOGIN.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Requires core.
Restrictions
When running a program, you cannot continue your program after a
FINISH if the device was initialized, but you can start the
program from the beginning or enter DDT.
2-134
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FINISH Command
Example
Assign a card reader to your job.
.ASSIGN CDR:<RET>
Card reader number 1 is assigned.
CDR261 ASSIGNED
Show the devices that are busy.
.SYSTAT B<RET>
BUSY DEVICES:
DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL
TTY144 18 INIT
TTY235 18 INIT
LPT260 18 INIT
LPT261 18 INIT
LPT263 18 INIT
CDR260 18 INIT
CDR261 29 AS
Card reader number 1 is busy because it is assigned to your job.
Finish using the card reader.
.FINISH CDR<RET>
Again, show the busy devices.
.SYSTAT B<RET>
BUSY DEVICES:
DEVICE JOB WHY LOGICAL
TTY144 18 INIT
TTY235 18 INIT
LPT260 18 INIT
LPT261 18 INIT
LPT263 18 INIT
CDR260 18 INIT
.
Card reader 1 is not in the list of busy devices. Therefore, it
is available to other users.
2-135
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FUDGE Command
FUDGE Command
Function
The FUDGE command creates a library .REL file from a temporary
file generated by a previous COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG
command string containing the /FUDGE switch. (See the TOPS-10
MAKLIB User's Guide and the TOPS-10 LINK Programmer's Reference
Manual for descriptions of library .REL files.)
The temporary file contains the library name and the list of .REL
files which were entered by the previous command's /FUDGE switch.
The FUDGE command runs PIP, which reads the list of .REL files
and the library file name from the temporary file. PIP then
copies the listed .REL files into the library file in the same
order that they are listed in the temporary file.
NOTE
Unlike the COMPIL program's default action, the /FUDGE
switch combines files in the order that you list them
in the command line. The COMPIL program sorts files
by compilers. COMPIL sorts mixed FORTRAN and MACRO
programs so that all FORTRAN programs are compiled
first and MACRO programs second.
After you use the /FUDGE switch, you must issue the FUDGE command
before you issue any other command that runs PIP (for example,
TYPE and COPY). Otherwise, the library information in the
temporary file will be superseded by the information generated by
the other PIP command.
Format
FUDGE
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Runs the PIP program (at CCL offset).
Destroys your core image.
2-136
SYSTEM COMMANDS
FUDGE Command
Example
Compile the files PROG,NUMBER, and NUMB2.
.COMPILE/FUDGE:LIBRAR PROG.FOR,NUMBER.FOR,NUMB2.FOR<RET>
Create a file named LIBRAR that contains the .REL files generated
by the COMPILE command.
.FUDGE<RET>
A DIRECTORY command shows the files created less than an hour
ago, among them: LIBRAR.REL.
.DIR/SIN:-1<RET>
PROG REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC:[27,5055]
NUMBER REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
NUMB2 REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
LIBRAR REL 3 <055> dd-mmm-yy
2-137
SYSTEM COMMANDS
GET Command
GET Command
Function
The GET command loads a core image from a retrievable storage
device but does not execute it.
This command clears all of your core. However, programs should
not count on this action and should explicitly clear those areas
of core that are expected to contain zeros. (That is, programs
should be self-initializing). This action allows programs to be
restarted by a CTRL/C START sequence without another GET command.
Format
GET file-spec core/switch
Where: file-spec is a file specification in the standard
format.
core is the amount of core you want to reserve for the
program. The core argument is a decimal number
followed by an optional K or P for blocks or pages,
respectively. If you do not specify either K or P, K
is assumed. If you do not specify a core argument, the
default is the minimum amount of core needed to load
the program.
/switch is the following option:
/USE:n Specifies the octal section number (n)
in which a core image is loaded. Valid
section numbers are 0-37, octal. (Note
that the limit is 40 octal sections.)
Characteristics
Destroys your core image.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
2-138
SYSTEM COMMANDS
GET Command
Example
Load a program.
.LOAD PROG.FOR
FORTRAN: PROG
MAIN.
LINK: LOADING
EXIT
Save the executable format.
.SAVE
PROG SAVED
Use GET to bring the program into memory.
.GET PROG
JOB SETUP
START execution of the program.
.START
TESTING EXECUTION
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME: 0.02 ELAPSED TIME: 0.17
EXIT
.
2-139
SYSTEM COMMANDS
HALT Command
HALT Command
Function
The HALT command (or CTRL/C) stops your job.
Formats
HALT
(CTRL/C)
CTRL/C echoes on your terminal as ^C.
Characteristics
Places your terminal at monitor level.
Does not require LOGIN.
Examples
1. Request a list of your directory.
.DIR<RET>
PATH1.RNO 3 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC:[27,5434]
SWITCH.INI 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
CALC.^C
^C
.
Type two CTRL/Cs to halt output.
2. Execute a program.
.EXECUTE PROG.FOR<RET>
LINK: LOADING
[LNKXCT PROG EXECUTION]
^^C
^^C
.
Two CTRL/Cs return you to monitor level, interrupting program
execution.
2-140
SYSTEM COMMANDS
HALT Command
Use CCONTINUE to continue execution while remaining at
monitor level.
.CCONTINUE<RET>
Use HALT to interrupt execution. (See NOTE below.)
.HALT<RET>
.
Use CONTINUE to re-enter user level and continue program
execution.
.CONTINUE<RET>
DONE
END OF EXECUTION
CPU TIME:6.12 ELAPSED TIME:45.73
EXIT
.
Program successfully completes execution.
NOTE
It is necessary to halt execution of a
program if your terminal is to enter or leave
user level. Therefore, you must issue a HALT
or CTRL/C at monitor level, after you have
used the CCONTINUE or CSTART commands, for
your terminal to enter user level.
2-141
SYSTEM COMMANDS
HELP Command
HELP Command
Function
The HELP command prints information about system features on your
terminal. You can select this information from the following
file structures: HLP:, NEW:, OLD:, DOC:, and SYS:.
Formats
HELP
Prints instructions for using the variations of the HELP command.
HELP *
Lists the names of features for which HELP is available, all the
monitor commands, all site-specific commands, all user-defined
(declared) commands, all the monitor SET commands, the monitor
SET TTY commands, the terminal types supported by TOPS-10, and
the SET WATCH commands.
HELP name
Where: name is the name of a feature or program for which the
monitor has a HELP file. Only the first six
alphanumeric characters are read by the HELP program.
HELP dev:name
Where: dev: is the file structure that the file is on.
name is the name of the program or feature for which
you want help.
If the specified feature does not have a HELP file on
the specified device, or if you do not specify the
device, the devices are searched in the following
order:
HLP:, SYS:, NEW:, OLD:, DOC:
You can change the search order by changing your job
search list. Refer to the SETSRC command.
2-142
SYSTEM COMMANDS
HELP Command
You can use the asterisk wildcard construction (*) instead of the
feature name, for information about all the HELP available on the
specified device. (See examples.) You cannot use the asterisk
(*) to specify the device name.
| Because of the 6-character limit on file names, some of the help
| file names can be cryptic. The file names for the commands
| topics are fairly straightforward and, although truncated to
| 6-characters, can be understood. (For example, PASSWO is the
| help file for the PASSWORD command.) However, help files are
| provided for such general topics as line continuation (LNCONT),
| command switches (COMSWI), and directory paths (DIRPAT) and the
| file names for these topics may be difficult to ascertain. These
| general topics and their help file names are listed below:
|
|
| _________________________________________________________________
|
| Help file Topic
| _________________________________________________________________
|
| ATSIGN Indirect Commands (@ Construction)
| ANGLEB The Angle-Bracket (< >) Construction
| CHRCOD SIXBIT/ASCII Character Codes
| CMDARG Command Arguments
| COMSWI Compiler Switches
| COMCMD Compile-Class Commands
| CRDCOD ASCII Card Codes
| DEFCOM The Default Compiler
| DELKEY The DELETE Key
| DEVHND Device-Handling Commands
| DEVNAM Device Names
| DIRNAM Directory Names
| DIRPAT Directory Paths
| DTARGS Date-Time Arguments
| EQUAL The Equal (=) Construction
| ERSNAM Ersatz Device Names
| FILEXT File Name Extensions
| FILHND File-Handling Commands
| FILNAM File Names
| FISPEC File Specification
| FNCCMD Functional Groups of Commands
| INFCMD Information Commands
| JOBCTL Job-Control Commands
| LIBS Libraries
| LNCONT Line Continuation
| LNKSWI LINK Switches
| MICCTL MIC Commands
| NETCMD Network Commands
| NEWUSE Introductory Help to TOPS-10 Commands
| PCODES Protection Codes
2-143
SYSTEM COMMANDS
HELP Command
| PLUS The Plus (+) Construction
| PRGCTL Program-Control Commands
| PRGPRE Program-Preparation Commands
| RESPPN Reserved Project-Programmer Numbers
| SERLST Search Lists
| SWINI SWITCH.INI Files
| SWITCH Command Switches
| SYSDEF System Defaults
| TEMFIL Temporary Files
| TERCTL Terminal-Control and Terminal Communication
| UCMNDS User-Definable Commands
| WLDCRD Wildcard Constructions
|
| _________________________________________________________________
|
|
| The various SET commands have their own help files and they are
| listed in the general-topic help file SET.
Characteristics
Does an autopush, so it preserves your core image.
Runs the HELP program.
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not require LOGIN.
Example
For information about the HELP command, type HELP.
.HELP<RET>
The HELP command prints information about the system on your
terminal. Use one of the following constructions for specific
information.
.HELP<RET>
Prints out this message.
.HELP *<RET>
Prints out the names of all subjects for which there is help.
Use one of these subjects as the name in the next construction.
HELP * also prints out the names of the system commands, the
names of site-specific commands, the names of job-specific
commands, the names of the SET commands, the names of the SET
2-144
SYSTEM COMMANDS
HELP Command
DEFAULT commands, the names of the SET TTY commands, the names of
the SET WATCH commands, and the supported terminal types.
.HELP name<RET>
Prints all the information available about the subject "name".
For example:
.HELP DIRECT<RET>
Prints information about the DIRECT command/program.
2-145
SYSTEM COMMANDS
HELP Command
.HELP lib:*<RET>
Prints out the names of all subjects for which there is help
available from the specified library device. The standard system
library devices are:
SYS: NEW: OLD: HLP: DOC:
For example:
.HELP NEW:*<RET>
Prints a list of all the information available in NEW:.
.HELP lib:name<RET>
Prints information about the specified subject in the specified
library.
2-146
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
INITIA Command
Function
The INITIA command sets the parameters for your terminal. This
command is issued automatically at system startup on certain
designated terminals. You can reissue the command at any time.
This command also starts certain system programs, when issued
from particular terminals.
If you are logged in and you run INITIA, INITIA reads your
SWITCH.INI file. Refer to Appendix B for a description of
SWITCH.INI.
Format
INITIA arg arg ...
Where: arg can be one of the following arguments. You can
precede any of the following arguments with NO (except
NORUN) to suppress a default setting.
Argument Function
ATTRIBUTES Prints the terminal attributes for this
terminal.
CHECK:keyword Sets your terminal type after requesting
identification from your DEC terminal. The
optional keyword is DEFAULT, meaning CHECK
only if the current terminal type is the
default type (usually TTY).
HELP Prints information about INITIA command.
KSYS Tells you when timesharing will end (if KSYS
is set).
NAME Prints the system name on your terminal.
NAME is the default argument.
NORUN Suppresses the execution of any default
program.
NOTICE Prints the general operator notice.
2-147
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
SETTTY Sets up your terminal characteristics or
attributes. The SETTTY argument is required
in order to set terminal characteristics from
SWITCH.INI if you are logged in. When you
are not logged in, INITIA reads terminal
characteristics from SYS:TTY.INI
automatically. SETTTY can be specified on
the INITIA command line or in the SWITCH.INI
file.
STRUCTURES Prints any operator notices about mounted
structures.
TEXT Prints quick operator notice.
TTY Prints the terminal characteristics for this
terminal.
Terminal Characteristics Arguments
In addition to the above arguments, you can use the following
arguments to INITIA SETTTY in your SWITCH.INI file. They are
effective for any job that is logged in. Most of the following
arguments are equivalent to an argument to a SET TTY command.
Many of the arguments can be preceded by NO and a space to
disable the defaults. These are included in the description of
the function of the arguments. (Refer to Appendix B for details
about using SWITCH.INI.)
Each argument, equivalent SET TTY command, and function, is
listed below.
Argument Equivalent Command Function
SETTTY None Must be present for the other
INITIA terminal arguments to
be effective.
ALTMODE TTY ALTMODE Converts ALTmode codes 175 and
176 to the ESCape character.
NO ALTMODE restores the
individual identities of codes
175 and 176.
BLANKS TTY BLANK Controls the output of blank
lines. NO BLANKS suppresses
the output of automatic,
consecutive carriage returns
at the end of output.
2-148
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
CRLF TTY CRLF Controls the automatic
carriage return and line feed
at the end of the terminal
line. NO CRLF suppresses the
automatic carriage return and
line feed.
DEBREAK TTY DEBREAK No longer supported.
DEFER TTY DEFER Suppresses echoing to a video
terminal until input is
requested. NO DEFER allows
characters typed to the system
to be echoed when the terminal
is idle.
DISPLAY TTY DISPLAY Notifies the system that you
have a display terminal. This
characteristic can be used by
programs that control output
to the terminal.
ECHO TTY ECHO Controls echoing to the
terminal.
ELEMENT:xxx TTY ELEMENT xxx No longer supported.
FILL:x TTY FILL x Assigns filler class x to the
terminal.
FORM TTY FORM Controls the output of
line-feeds for formfeed and
vertical tab characters. NO
FORM instructs the system to
output the line-feeds.
GAG TTY GAG Controls the reception of
messages sent with the SEND
command. NO GAG allows
messages when your terminal is
at user level.
IDLEDISCONN n None Sets the maximum number of
seconds your terminal can be
idle before the system
disconnects it.
LC TTY LC Informs the system that your
terminal has lowercase
ability. NO LC changes all
lowercase characters to
uppercase.
2-149
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
LENGTH:xx TTY LENGTH n Sets the forms length of your
terminal.
LOCALCOPY TTY LOCALCOPY Does not require the system to
echo characters to the
terminal.
LOCATE node None Changes the default device
list of the job, making
devices at other nodes
available to your job. LOCATE
is only valid in the
SWITCH.INI and TTY.INI files.
RCVSPEED:xxx TTY SPEED xxx nnn Changes the input speed of the
terminal to be xxx. This
argument affects the speed at
which the monitor receives
characters from your terminal.
REMOTE TTY REMOTE Sets your terminal for
accounts with remote or local
access types. REMOTE is not
recommended for use by
non-privileged users because
it can only be reversed by an
operator [1,2].
RTCOMP TTY RTCOMP Controls the use of CTRL/R and
CTRL/T. Refer to Section 1.6
for the function of these
control characters. RTCOMP
turns off the control
characters. NO RTCOMP turns
them on.
SPEED:xxxx TTY SPEED xxxx Sets the speed of your
terminal to xxxx baud. This
construction sets the input
and output speeds to be
equivalent.
SSIZE:n TTY [S]STOP n Sets the page length of your
terminal. This controls the
number of lines that are
output to your terminal before
an automatic stop.
SSTOP TTY SSTOP Ignores CTRL/Q until output is
stopped either automatically
by the system, or by CTRL/S
from the user.
2-150
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
STOP TTY STOP Stops output to the terminal
automatically after page
length is reached.
SYSDPY None Runs the display-oriented
SYSTAT program that is
appropriate for your set
terminal type. SYSDPY is only
valid in the SWITCH.INI and
TTY.INI files.
TABS TTY TAB Informs the system that your
terminal has tabular ability.
NO TABS instructs the system
to simulate tab stops.
TAPE TTY TAPE Turns on the XON (CTRL/Q) and
XOFF (CTRL/S) keys for paper
tape reading. NO TAPE gives
CTRL/Q and CTRL/S their normal
function. TAPE is discussed
in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls
Manual. CTRL/S and CTRL/Q are
discussed in Section 1.6.
TERMINET None Sets tab spacing for a
TERMINET-300.
TYPE:xxxx TTY TYPE xxxx Informs the system that your
terminal is of the type xxxx.
UC TTY UC Changes all the characters
input from your terminal to
uppercase.
WIDTH:xxx TTY WIDTH xxx Sets the width of the line on
your terminal to xxx
characters.
XMTSPEED:xxx TTY SPEED nnn xxx Changes the output speed of
your terminal. This argument
affects the speed at which the
monitor sends characters to
your terminal.
The arguments listed above are described more thoroughly in the
description of the SET TTY command.
2-151
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
Terminal Attributes Arguments
The following arguments to INITIA SETTTY set up the attributes of
your terminal. Like the preceding terminal characteristics
arguments, you can use the following arguments in your SWITCH.INI
file.
Unlike the terminal characteristics arguments, most of the
following terminal attributes arguments do not have equivalent
SET TTY commands. The exceptions are DISPLAY, ISO, EIGHTBIT, and
OVERSTRIKE.
To display your current terminal attributes, you must use the
command INITIA ATTRIBUTES.
To set terminal attributes, use the following command format:
INITIA SETTTY arg arg ...
All the following arguments can be preceded with NO and a space
to disable the setting.
Argument Function
ANSLEVEL:n Indicates the level of conformance to ANSI
CRT programming standards.
AVO Indicates that the terminal has an advanced
video option or equivalent capability.
BLOCKMODE Indicates that the terminal is capable of
performing block-mode transfers.
COLOR Indicates the terminal has a color video
display.
DECLEVEL:n Indicates the level of conformance to DEC CRT
programming standards.
DECTCS Indicates the DEC technical character set.
DISPLAY Indicates that the terminal has a video
display; NO DISPLAY indicates a hard-copy
terminal.
DRCS Indicates dynamically redefinable character
sets.
EIGHTBIT Indicates that the terminal uses an eight-bit
ASCII character code.
2-152
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
8BITARCH Indicates the terminal is capable of using an
eight-bit ASCII character code.
GUARDEDAREA Indicates terminal allows guarded area
transfer.
HSCROLL Indicates the terminal supports horizontal
scrolling.
IDCHAR Indicates character insertion and deletion.
IDLINE Indicates line insertion and deletion.
INTERROGATION Indicates that the terminal supports terminal
state interrogation.
ISO Indicates ISO Latin-1 supplemental graphic
character set. NO ISO means DEC
Multinational Character Set.
KATAKANA Indicates the Katakana character set.
KEYBOARD Indicates the terminal has a keyboard.
LOCATOR:device Indicates whether locator is present. The
device can be MOUSE, TABLET or NONE.
NRC Indicates national replacement character
sets.
OVERSTRIKE Indicates that the terminal allows a
three-character sequence to create one
composite output character by printing one
character, backspacing and then printing
another character over the first.
PRINTERPORT Indicates that the terminal has a printer
port option.
REGIS Indicates that the terminal understands ReGIS
graphic commands.
SELECTERASE Indicates selective erase.
SESSIONS Indicates the terminal supports multiple
sessions.
SIXEL Indicates that the terminal is capable of
displaying SIXEL graphics.
SREGION Indicates scroll regions.
2-153
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
STATUSLINE Indicates that the terminal has an extra
status line in its video display.
TEKEMULATION Indicates TEK 4010/4014 terminal emulation.
UDKEYS Indicates that the terminal has
user-definable function keys.
USERWINDOWS Indicates the terminal supports user windows.
VLENGTH Indicates variable forms length.
VT52EMULATION Indicates VT52 terminal emulation.
VWIDTH Indicates variable forms width.
For more information about these terminal attributes, refer to
your terminal manuals.
Characteristics
Runs the INITIA program.
Does not require LOGIN.
Example
Use the INITIA TTY ATTRIBUTES command to show the characteristics
and attributes of a generic terminal type:
.I TTY ATTRIB<RET>
RL357A DEC10 Development 08:11:23 TTY162 system 1026/1042/1322
Connected to Node KL1026(26) Line # 162
Job 20 User DOTY [27,10024]
TYPE:TTY MODEL:TTY CLASS:LT33 APC:HARDWIRED
ECHO:DEFER WIDTH:72 LENGTH:0 NOSTOP
FILL:1 NOLC NOTABS NOFORM
CRLF NOGAG SBELL NOTAPE
BLANKS ALTMOD NORTCOMP NOREMOTE
XONXOF NOUNPAUS NOESCAPE NOQUOTE
IDLEDI:0 EDITOR NOSLAVE
ANSLEVEL:0 DECLEVEL:0 NOEIGHTBIT NO8BITARCH
NODISPLAY NOOVERSTRIKE NOCOLOR NOSTATUSLINE
NOISO NONRC NODRCS NOUDKEYS
NOAVO NOPRINTERPORT NOIDCHAR NOIDLINE
NOREGIS NOSIXEL NOTEKEMULATION NOVT52EMULATION
NOSREGION NOHSCROLL NOVLENGTH NOVWIDTH
NOUSERWINDOWS NOBLOCKMODE NOGUARDEDAREA NOSELECTERASE
NOKATAKANA NOSESSIONS NODECTCS NOINTERROGATION
NOLOCATOR KEYBOARD
2-154
SYSTEM COMMANDS
INITIA Command
Use the SET TTY TYPE command to set your terminal type.
.TTY TYPE VT240<RET>
Use the INITIA TTY ATTRIBUTES command to show your new terminal
characteristics and attributes.
.I TTY ATTRIB<RET>
RL357A DEC10 Development 08:11:40 TTY162 system 1026/1042/1322
Connected to Node KL1026(26) Line # 162
Job 20 User DOTY [27,10024]
TYPE:VT240 MODEL:VT240 CLASS:VT200 APC:HARDWIRED
ECHO:DEFER WIDTH:80 LENGTH:24 NOSTOP
FILL:0 LC TABS NOFORM
CRLF NOGAG SBELL NOTAPE
BLANKS NOALTMOD NORTCOMP NOREMOTE
XONXOF NOUNPAUS NOESCAPE NOQUOTE
IDLEDI:0 EDITOR NOSLAVE
ANSLEVEL:2 DECLEVEL:2 NOEIGHTBIT 8BITARCH
DISPLAY NOOVERSTRIKE NOCOLOR NOSTATUSLINE
NOISO NRC DRCS UDKEYS
AVO PRINTERPORT IDCHAR IDLINE
REGIS SIXEL TEKEMULATION VT52EMULATION
SREGION NOHSCROLL NOVLENGTH VWIDTH
NOUSERWINDOWS NOBLOCKMODE NOGUARDEDAREA SELECTERASE
NOKATAKANA NOSESSIONS NODECTCS NOINTERROGATION
NOLOCATOR KEYBOARD
2-155
SYSTEM COMMANDS
JCONTINUE Command
JCONTINUE Command
Function
The JCONTINUE command forces the specified job to continue if the
job was in a CTRL/C state because of a device error.
Format
JCONTINUE n
Where: n is the number of the job to be continued. This
argument is required.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not require LOGIN.
Examples
1. Continue job 44:
.JCONTINUE 44<RET>
.
2. Continue job 12:
.JCONT 12<RET>
.
2-156
SYSTEM COMMANDS
KJOB Command
KJOB Command
Function
The KJOB command:
1. Stops all assigned I/O devices and returns them to the
system's pool of available devices.
2. Returns all allocated memory to the system's pool of
available memory.
3. Returns the job-number to the pool of available job-numbers.
4. Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
5. Prints run-time information for your job.
6. Completes all deferred spooling requests.
Format
KJOB/switch
KJOB can be abbreviated to K. KJOB accepts one or more of the
following switches. All switches can be preceded with NO (for
example, NOTEMP) to negate their functions.
Switch Function
/BATCH Deletes files only when you are over the
logged-out quota, then deletes enough files to be
below quota. The algorithm for determining which
files are deleted first is explained in detail
below.
/CLEAR Clears your terminal's display, if it has one and
if the monitor knows the terminal type.
/DISCONNECT Disconnects a terminal line when you log out.
This includes hanging up a dataset (modem), or
terminating a LAT connection, for example. This
switch may be abbreviated to /D. NODISCONNECT
maintains the connection with a terminal line
after logging you out.
2-157
SYSTEM COMMANDS
KJOB Command
/HELP:key Prints information about KJOB on your terminal.
/HELP does not perform functions 1 through 4. The
keywords for /HELP are SWITCHES and TEXT. TEXT
prints the help file and is the default argument.
SWITCHES lists the KJOB switches and their
meanings.
/MESSAGE:key Tells the system which messages to print on your
terminal. NOMESSAGE supresses output of the
standard LOGOUT message but still prints error and
warning messages. The keywords for /MESSAGE are:
ADDRESS Prints out the address where the
message occurs.
CONTINUATION Prints out continuation text, if
any.
FIRST Prints out the first line of the
message.
PREFIX Prints out the six-character
message prefix.
/TEMP Searches your disk area and deletes all files with
.TMP extensions. TEMP is a default switch for
KJOB. Using the NOTEMP switch will log you out
faster.
KJOB/BATCH Algorithm
The KJOB/BATCH algorithm categorizes files in three groups,
according to their extensions:
o Expendable files have these extensions:
TMP, TEM, SFD, BAK, Q??, MAP, CRF, LSD, LSQ, LST, LIS, LPT,
PTP, PLT, CDP, Z??, FOO, LOG, BIN, DMP, FIN
o Important files have these extensions:
RNO, RND, RNH, CMD, KBD, CED, MCR, SNO, FAI, FOR, F4, MAC,
ALG, AID, BLI, B10, B11, COB, CBL, BAS, PAL, P11, SRC, IDA,
IDX, DAT, DBS, B16, B32, B36, REQ, R16, R36, PAS, INI
o Unimportant files have other extensions.
2-158
SYSTEM COMMANDS
KJOB Command
Files are deleted in the following order until the user is under
quota:
1. Recompute disk usage and delete files that are too large.
The number of blocks used is recalculated by doing a wildcard
directory and adding up the total space used. Any files that
are larger than the logged-out quota are deleted.
2. Delete unprotected expendable files.
An individual wildcard directory search is performed for each
of the extensions listed in the expendable list. If a match
is found and the protection code is less than or equal to
177, the file is deleted.
3. Delete unprotected unimportant files.
Files with extensions that are NOT in the important list and
that have a protection code less than or equal to 177 are
deleted.
4. Delete remaining expendable files.
An individual wildcard directory search is performed for each
of the extensions listed in the expendable list. If a match
is found, the file is deleted, no matter how it is protected.
5. Delete unprotected important files.
An individual wildcard directory search is performed for each
of the extensions listed in the important list. If a match
is found and the protection code is less than or equal to
177, the file is deleted.
Notice that the extensions toward the end of the important
list are considered to be more important than those toward
the beginning of the list.
6. Delete all unimportant files.
Files with extensions that are NOT in the important list are
deleted no matter what their protection codes.
7. Delete all files.
2-159
SYSTEM COMMANDS
KJOB Command
Characteristics
Deassigns your terminal.
Stops all I/O devices that are assigned to your job.
Runs the LOGIN program.
Example
.K<RET>
JOB 99 User CUSTER,L. [27,4072]
Logged-off TTY64 at hh:mm:ss on dd-mmm-yy
Runtime: 0:00:05, KCS:44, Connect time: 0:31:23
Disk reads: 1534, Writes: 88, Blocks saved: 2510
.
2-160
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LABEL Command
LABEL Command
Function
The LABEL command writes an identifier onto a DECtape. The
identifier is stored on the tape itself and is printed when you
print a directory of the tape with the DIRECT command. You
should assign a unique label to each DECtape to avoid confusing
one tape with another. You must use the ASSIGN command to access
the tape before you can use LABEL.
This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the
command before running PIP.
Format
LABEL dev: ^name^
Where: dev: is a physical or logical name that represents a
DECtape.
^ is the delimiter of the DECtape identifier. The
delimiter can also be quotes. If the identifier
consists entirely of alphanumeric characters, the
delimiters can be omitted.
name is a 1- to 6-character name to be used as the
identifier. Any characters can be used except the
delimiter.
Restriction
You must use the ASSIGN command to access the tape before you can
use LABEL.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
2-161
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LABEL Command
Examples
1. Identify DECtape 4, which has the logical name TIME:
.LABEL TIME ^2:00^<RET>
.
2. Identify DECtape 5 as NAME:
.LABEL DTA5: "NAME"<RET>
.
2-162
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LIST Command
LIST Command
Function
The LIST command prints one or more files on the line printer
(LPT:). The output goes either to the line printer immediately
or to the disk to be spooled to the line printer if the line
printer is being spooled for this job. (Refer to the QUEUE and
PRINT commands.) If the line printer is being spooled, the PRINT
command is preferred over the LIST command because it saves time
and disk accesses.
This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the
command before running PIP.
Format
LIST file-spec
Where: file-spec is a single file specification or a string of
file specifications separated by commas. A file
specification consists of a device name, a file name
and extension, and a directory name. This argument is
required. When a directory name precedes the file
name, it becomes the default for all succeeding files.
Switches can be passed to PIP by enclosing them in
parentheses in the LIST command string. When COMPIL
interprets the command string, it passes the switches
to PIP.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Destroys your core image.
2-163
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LIST Command
Example
Spool your line printer requests, print a file (FOR21.DAT) on the
line printer, and look at the line printer queue.
.SET SPOOL LPT:<RET>
.LIST FOR21.DAT<RET>
.PRI<RET>
PRINTER QUEUE:
JOB NAME REQ# LIMIT USER
*FOR21 61 12 MAROTTA[27,5434] ON UNIT:0
THERE IS 1 JOB IN THE QUEUE (1 IN PROGRESS)
.
2-164
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOAD Command
LOAD Command
Function
The LOAD command translates the specified source files if
necessary, runs the loader, and loads the generated .REL files
into memory. The appropriate language compiler is determined by
the source file extension or by switches in the command string.
(Refer to the COMPILE command.) If a .REL file already exists
with a more recent date than that of the source file, compilation
is not performed (unless you request it using the /COMPILE
switch).
This command runs the COMPIL program, which interprets the
command before running the appropriate language compiler and
linking loader.
The LOAD command generates a core image but does not begin
executing the program. After the LOAD command, you can START
your program or SAVE the core image for future execution.
Each time the COMPILE, LOAD, EXECUTE, or DEBUG command is
executed, the system remembers the arguments and switches.
Therefore, if you issue one of these commands with no arguments,
the system uses the stored arguments.
The LOAD command accepts several command constructions: the @
construction (indirect commands), the + construction, the =
construction, and the < > construction. (Refer to Appendix C for
a complete description of each of these constructions.)
Format
LOAD file-spec,file-spec,...
Where: file-spec is one or more file specifications separated
by commas. A file specification consists of a device
name, a file name with or without an extension, and a
directory name. (Refer to Section 1.9.)
The following switches modify the command string.
Switch Function
/ALGOL Compiles the file with ALGOL. Assumed for files
with the extension .ALG.
/BINARY Generates a binary file for each file compiled.
The file extension of the output file is .REL.
2-165
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOAD Command
This is the default action.
2-166
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOAD Command
/BLISS Compiles the file with BLISS-10. Assumed for
files with the extensions .B10 and .BLI.
/C68 Runs the specified COBOL compiler.
/C74
/COBOL Compiles the file with COBOL. Assumed for files
with the extension .CBL.
/COMPILE Compiles the file even if a binary file exists
with a newer date and time than the source file.
This switch is used to obtain an extra
compilation (for example, to obtain a listing of
the compilation) because compilation is not
performed if the binary file is newer than the
source file.
/CREF Produces a cross-referenced listing file on the
disk for each file compiled, for later
processing by the CREF program. The file
extension of the output file is .CRF. The files
can then be listed with the CREF command.
However, with COBOL files the cross-referenced
listing is always appended to the listing file.
/DDT Loads the program debugger DDT with the program.
/DEBUG: Passes the specified arguments to FORTRAN.
(arg, arg,...) Refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 FORTRAN Language
Manual.
/DLIST Produces a .LST file and stores it in your
directory. You can obtain a listing of the file
with the PRINT command.
/F10 Obsolete
/F40
/F66 Applies FORTRAN-66 rules for DO loops and
EXTERNAL statements.
/FORDDT Loads the FORTRAN debugger with the program.
/FORTRAN Compiles the file with a FORTRAN compiler.
Assumed for files with the extension of .F4 and
.FOR and all files with nonstandard compiler
extensions. This switch is necessary if the
file has a nonstandard compiler extension and
FORTRAN is not the standard compiler or is not
the current default.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOAD Command
/FUDGE: Creates a disk file containing the names of the
file-spec .REL files produced by the command string. When
you give the FUDGE command, PIP reads this file
to generate a library REL file. (Refer to the
FUDGE command description.) The argument to the
switch is:
dev:file.ext[directory]
Where: dev: is the device on which to
write the file. If you omit the
device name, DSK: is assumed.
file.ext is the name of the library
file. The file name is required.
If you omit the extension, it is
assumed to be .REL.
[directory] is the directory in
which to place the file. Your
default directory number is assumed
if none is given.
This switch is permanent in that it pertains to
all .REL files generated by the command string.
/GFLOAT Indicates that double-precision numbers are to
be stored in G-floating format. This format has
an extended exponent range. This option is
available on KL10 processors only.
/K?10 Designates the machine on which the program will
execute once it has been loaded. The ? can be
replaced by L or S.
/LIBRARY Loads the files in library search mode. This
mode causes a program in a special library to be
loaded only if one or more of its declared entry
symbols satisfies an undefined global request in
the source file. The default libraries are
always searched. (Refer to the LINK
documentation.)
/LINK Obsolete
/LIST Generates a disk listing file for each file
compiled. The file extension of the output file
is .LST. These files can be listed later with
the PRINT command. If the line printer is being
spooled for this job, the files are
automatically printed. If you do not specify
this switch, listing files are not generated.
2-168
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOAD Command
/LMAP Produces a loader map during the loading process
that contains the local symbols.
/MACRO Assembles the file with MACRO. Assumed for
files with extension .MAC.
/MACY11 Assembles the file with MACY11. Assumed for
files with an extension .P11. This switch is
not supported.
/MAP Produces a loader map during loading. After a
library search of the default libraries, the map
is written in your disk area with either the
file name you specify (for example, /MAP:file)
or with the default file name MAP.MAP. This
switch is an exception to the permanent switch
rule, because although it may be used as a
permanent switch, it causes only one map to be
produced.
/NEW Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
experimental system library (device NEW:) area
[1,5]. If the compiler does not exist on device
NEW:, COMPIL tries to obtain it from device
SYS:. (Refer to Restriction.)
/NOBINARY Does not generate binary files. This switch,
when combined with the /CREF or /LIST switch, is
useful when compiling programs only to generate
listings.
/NOCOMPILE Does not force a compilation of a source file
whose date is not as recent as the date on the
binary file. Note that this switch is not the
same as the /REL switch, which turns off all
compilation, even if the source file is newer
than the .REL file. /NOCOMPILE is the default
action. Complement to the /COMPILE switch.
/NODEBUG Does not pass previously specified arguments to
FORTRAN.
/NOLIST Does not generate listing files. This is the
default action.
/NOOPTIMIZE Does not optimize the object source code of a
FORTRAN program.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOAD Command
/NOSEARCH Loads all routines of the file whether the
routines are referenced or not. Because this is
the default, this switch turns off library
search mode (/LIBRARY).
/OLD Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
system library of old programs (device OLD:)
that resides on the disk area [1,3]. If the
compiler does not exist on device OLD:, COMPIL
tries to obtain it from device SYS:. (Refer to
Restriction.)
/OPTIMIZE Optimizes the object source code of a FORTRAN
program.
/PAL10 Assembles the file with PAL10. Assumed for
files with the extension .PAL.
/PASCAL Compiles the file with Pascal. Assumed for
files with the extension .PAS.
/REL Uses the existing .REL files although a newer
source file might be present.
/SAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program.
/SEARCH Loads the files in library search mode. This
switch is identical to the /LIBRARY switch.
/SELF Runs the appropriate language compiler from
device DSK: instead of from the system library
(device SYS:). This switch is useful if you
keep a private copy of a compiler in your disk
area to test new features. (Refer to
Restriction.)
/SNOBOL Compiles the file with SNOBOL. Assumed for
files with the extension .SNO. This switch is
not supported.
/SSAVE Saves the core image of the loaded program in a
sharable executable file.
/SYS Runs the appropriate language compiler from the
system library (device SYS:). This is the
default action.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOAD Command
Restrictions
Once a language compiler has been specified from a particular
area (for example, /SELF), it cannot be called from a different
area within the same command string. The following is illegal:
.LOAD ITEM.CBL/SYS,ITEM02.CBL/SELF
However, the following is valid:
.COMPILE ITEM.CBL/SYS
.COMPILE ITEM02.CBL/SELF
.LOAD/REL ITEM,ITEM02
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Runs the appropriate compiler or language compiler and LINK,
destroying your original core image.
Example
The following example shows how to LOAD and SAVE a program.
The DIRECTORY command shows all the files named TEST.
.DIR TEST.*
TEST FOR 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5055]
LOAD the program. The monitor compiles and loads TEST.
.LOAD TEST.FOR
FORTRAN:TEST
MAIN.
LINK: LOADING
EXIT
Save the loaded program.
.SAVE TEST<RET>
TEST SAVED
A directory shows that the executable format has been saved in
your directory.
.DIR TEST.*<RET>
TEST FOR 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC: [27,5055]
TEST REL 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy
TEST EXE 160 <055> dd-mmm-yy 6(422)
TOTAL OF 162 BLOCKS IN 3 FILES ON DSKC: [27,5055]
.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOCATE Command
LOCATE Command
Function
The LOCATE command changes the default device list of the job,
making devices at other ANF-10 nodes available to your job. For
example, if you want to use the devices at node FRATZ for your
job, you can issue the following command:
.LOCATE FRATZ
Thereafter, the default I/O devices used will be those on node
FRATZ. Note that terminal and disk I/O are not affected by this
command.
The LOCATE command does not change the location of your job; the
job runs on the node on which the job was started.
Format
LOCATE node-id
Where: node-id is the name or number of the ANF-10 node at
which you want I/O to be processed.
An argument of 0 locates your job at the node where the
job's command interpreter is. If you do not specify
the node-id, the default is your physical node/station.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Is valid only in networks or in systems with a remote station.
Does not destroy your core image.
Associated Messages
If the LOCATE succeeds, the system prints a message in the form:
NODE node-name (node-num) sys-id date LOCATED
Where node-name is the name of the node, node-num is the number
of the node, sys-id is the system identification, and date is the
date the system was last reloaded.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOCATE Command
If the node specified is not currently in communication with the
network, the following message is printed:
%NODE(x) LOCATED BUT OFF-LINE
The job is successfully LOCATEd, but the node is not presently
accessible.
Examples
1. You LOCATE the job at the node named LONDON, node number 3.
.LOCATE LONDON<RET>
NODE LONDON(3) RD020A KL10 SYS#1279 11-06-79 LOCATED
.
2. You attempt to LOCATE to a node that the monitor does not
recognize as part of the network. An error message is
printed and your location is not changed.
.LOCATE TOKYO<RET>
?UNDEFINED NETWORK NODE
.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
LOGIN Command
Function
You use the LOGIN command to gain access to the system. The
LOGIN command runs the LOGIN program. LOGIN accepts:
o your project-programmer number (PPN) or your user name
o your password
o optional account and remark strings
You can obtain these from your system administrator. LOGIN can
accept a path specification (directory name) in place of the PPN.
To log in, type the LOGIN command, and press RETURN. LOGIN
prompts you with a pound sign (#). Type your project-programmer
number or your user name, and press RETURN. You can also type
your project-programmer number or your user name immediately
after typing LOGIN, followed by a space. After it receives this
information, LOGIN prints another prompt (PASSWORD:) on your
terminal. Type your password, and press RETURN. The password
does not echo on your terminal. You are finished logging in when
the monitor prompt (a period) is returned.
Your system may be running account validation software. In this
case, LOGIN may not be complete after you type your password. If
your job requires an account string, LOGIN prompts you for your
account (ACCOUNT:). Type your account string, and then press
RETURN, or just press RETURN if the system administrator has
established a default account for your job. If your job requires
a remark string, LOGIN prompts for it (REMARK:). Here you can
type anything that will identify your job. Your remark can be up
to 39 characters. If you do not have a remark, press RETURN.
The system records spaces for your remark. Example 3 shows the
procedure for logging in with account validation software.
NOTE
When the account string is validated, characters
are checked according to case. Therefore, you
must type your account in the same case
(uppercase or lowercase) as it is required. This
aspect of the system can be changed by the system
administrator.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
You can put your account string and remark in your SWITCH.INI
file. See Appendix B for further information.
To specify a default path for disk I/O, type the path
specification instead of your project-programmer number. A path
specification more specifically identifies your directory area.
It specifies either a user-file directory or a sub-file
directory. Refer to Section 1.14 of this manual for more
information about path specifications.
If you have detached your terminal from a job, and begin to log
in to another job, the LOGIN program asks if you want to attach
to the old job or create a new job. For information about
detaching and attaching jobs, see the ATTACH and DETACH commands.
Example 2 shows the procedure for logging in to a new job after
detaching the first.
Format
LOGIN identification/switches
Where: identification represents either your
project-programmer number (PPN), path specification
([directory]), or your user name.
You can type a path specification in place of the PPN or user
name. This allows you to establish a default directory path for
the job. The path specification is either a user-file directory
or a sub-file directory. Directory paths are enclosed in
brackets (for example: [27,5434,SFD]).
The following switches modify the command string. These switches
can be included in your SWITCH.INI file. SWITCH.INI files are
discussed in Appendix B.
Most parameters set by these switches can be changed by monitor
commands after you log in. (Refer to the SET commands and the
SETSRC program description in the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual.)
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
Switch Function
/ACCOUNT:"string" Specifies the account string for your job.
If the account string contains any
nonalphanumeric characters, you must enclose
the string in quotation marks. This switch
is often included in a SWITCH.INI file.
/ASSIGN: Assigns a device to your job and a logical
(dev1:log1, name to the device.
dev2:log2...)
dev: is the device name
log is the logical name
See Section 1.9.1 for more information about
device names.
The logical name is optional. This switch
can be used more than once to assign more
than one device.
/ATTACH:argument Sets the ATTACH state for the LOGIN dialog
and the job being created. /ATTACH:ASK is
the default action. By default, if a
detached job exists with the specified PPN,
and the job was logged in with /ATTACH:ASK,
LOGIN asks whether you want to attach to the
detached job, instead of creating a new job
with the same PPN. The /ATTACH:IGNORE switch
suppresses the default action of the
/ATTACH:ASK switch. Jobs you create with the
IGNORE argument will be ignored by LOGIN when
you do additional logins with the same PPN.
LOGIN will not ask you if you want to attach
to jobs set to the IGNORE argument.
| /BATCH: Sets the batch parameters. Used by BATCON
| (arg:n, arg:n) only). Multiple keywords can be given to the
| /BATCH switch; in that case, they must be
| enclosed in parentheses and separated with
| commas. Arguments and their meanings are as
| follows:
|
| Argument Meaning
|
| INTERVENTION Specifies whether the batch
| NOINTERVENTION job requires operator
| intervention to run.
|
| NAME:"name" Sets the batch job name to
| "name".
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
| SEQUENCE:n Sets the batch sequence number
| to "n".
|
| STREAM:n Sets the batch stream number
| to "n".
|
| REQUESTID:n Sets the batch request number
| to "n".
/CORE:nx Informs the system of the maximum amount of
core memory that your job can use. The value
for x must be either P or K. P represents
pages of memory (each page is equivalent to
512 words); K represents blocks of 1024
words. The value n is any decimal number.
Refer to the CORE command for further
information.
/DEFAULT: Specifies job characteristics. Multiple
(arg:n, arg:n) keywords can be given to the /DEFAULT switch;
in that case, they must be enclosed in
parentheses and separated with commas.
Arguments and their meanings are as follows:
Argument Meaning
BIGBUF:n Sets the default BIGBUF buffer
size for disk to n blocks.
Refer to SET DEFAULT BIGBUF
command.
BUFFERS:n Sets the default number of
disk buffers to n. Refer to
SET DEFAULT BUFFERS command.
PROTECTION:n Sets the default file
protection for your job to n.
Refer to SET DEFAULT
PROTECTION command.
/DEFER Defers queueing of spooled output until you
log out.
/DSKFUL:arg Sets the action to be performed if your job
exceeds the disk area allowed to it. The
arguments are ERROR and PAUSE. If the
argument is ERROR, an error condition is
passed to your job. This usually terminates
the program. If the argument is PAUSE, the
program is suspended, and your job is
returned to monitor level. This allows you
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
to request operator assistance and then
continue the job, as long as you do not issue
any commands that destroy your core image.
Refer to the SET DSKFUL command.
/DSKPRI:n Allows privileged users to set the priority
for their job's disk operations (data
transfers and head positionings). The value
can range from -3 to +3. The default
timesharing priority is 0. Refer to the SET
DSKPRI command.
/GUIDELINE Specifies that the numeric value cited in the
/PHYSICAL switch is a guideline. This is the
default setting for /PHYSICAL.
/HELP:keyword Prints HELP text on your terminal. Valid
keywords are: ARGUMENTS, SWITCHES, and TEXT.
The ARGUMENTS keyword prints out a list of
valid switches and arguments. SWITCHES
displays only a list of switches. TEXT will
print the entire HELP text. TEXT is assumed
if no keyword is supplied. /HELP may be
abbreviated to /H.
/LIB:[ppn] Sets the library area (LIB:) to the specified
PPN.
/LIMIT Specifies that the numeric value specified in
the /PHYSICAL switch is a limit rather than a
guideline. If /LIMIT is not issued, the
system assumes that the numeric value given
for the /PHYSICAL switch is a guideline.
/LOCATE:node Sets the job location to the specified octal
ANF node number. Refer to the LOCATE
command.
/MAILCHECK Checks the file DSK:MAIL.TXT to see if you
have mail from the MS mail system. You must
have DECMAIL/MS on your system. /MAILCHECK
is the default action.
/NAME:"name" Associates the given name with your job.
This name will appear on output, listings,
and on other information output by the
system. Enclose the name in quotation marks
if it contains non-alphanumeric characters.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
/NEW /NEW causes NEW:([1,5]) to be searched before
SYS:([1,4]) whenever SYS: is specified or
implied. If the files are not on NEW:, SYS:
will be searched. (See Section 1.13 for more
information about NEW:.)
/NODEFER Does not defer queued output until logout.
Refer to the SET DEFER command. This is the
default.
/NOMAILCHECK Suppresses checking the file DSK:MAIL.TXT to
see if you have mail from the MS mail system.
/NONEW Removes the [1,5] directory (NEW:) from your
SYS: specification. This is the default
setting.
/NOSCAN Cancels the /SCAN switch for the directory
path. When scanning is set, the system
searches for files through the entire
directory path. Directory paths are
described in Section 1.14. This switch
disables scanning. Thus, the system will not
search for files past the specified directory
area. (Refer to the SETSRC program
description in the TOPS-10 User Utilities
Manual.) /NOSCAN is the default switch.
/NOSETTTY Instructs the system not to change any of
your terminal's characteristics as specified
in your SWITCH.INI file. The default action
is that LOGIN reads SWITCH.INI, setting
terminal characteristics according to
switches specified in the LOGIN line. Refer
to Appendix B for more information about
SWITCH.INI files.
/NOSFDCREATE Does not create an SFD that was specified as
the directory path.
/NOSTR Suppresses the printing of SYS:STR.TXT.
/NOSYS Removes the SYS: structure from your
DSKspecification, which is your job's search
list. Refer to Section 1.12.
/NOTE:file-spec Prints the specified file after you log in.
The file specification must be included; it
may contain wild-cards. This switch is
useful for printing a project notice file
that is kept in a library area. Refer to
/NOTICE.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
/NOTICE:arg Controls printing of SYS:NOTICE.TXT and the
argument to the /NOTE switch. The arguments
for /NOTICE are:
ALWAYS Always prints notices.
SOMETIMES Prints notices you have not
yet seen. SOMETIMES is the
default argument.
NEVER Never prints notices.
/NOWATCH Suppresses the printing of incremental job
statistics. Refer to the SET WATCH command.
/PASSWORD Allows you to change your password during the
LOGIN procedure. Type in your current
password at the Password: prompt. Then type
in your new password when the monitor prompts
you, and verify it. Your password will then
be changed. This switch is ignored under
batch. The system manager may, at times, set
/PASSWORD on your account, so that when you
log in, you will have to change your
password.
/PATH:[dir] Specifies a default path for disk I/O. Refer
to Section 1.14 for further information.
/PHYSICAL:nx Sets the maximum physical page limit of your
job. The value n is any decimal number. The
value x is either K (for 1024-word blocks) or
P (for 512-word pages). You can use either
/LIMIT or /GUIDELINE with the /PHYSICAL
switch. The default is /GUIDELINE. Refer to
the SET PHYSICAL command.
/QUOTA: Recomputes the disk quota for the specified
(str1,str2,...) structures. If you specify more than one
ALL structure, you must separate the structure
DSK names with commas, and enclose the list in
parentheses. However, if you specify only
one structure, the parentheses are not
required. If you specify no structures, all
the structures in your job's search list are
assumed. Instead of (str1,str2,...), you can
use ALL or DSK. ALL expands to all
structures in the system. DSK expands to all
structures in your search list.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
/REMARK:"text" Specifies a remark string for your job. If
you include non-alphanumeric characters in
the remark, you must enclose the remark in
quotation marks.
/RUN:file-spec Runs the specified program immediately after
LOGIN, unless another program has been
designated by the system manager.
/SCAN Sets the /SCAN switch for the directory path.
When /SCAN is specified, scanning is enabled
for the directory path. Scanning allows
searches to be made through the complete
path. If scanning is disabled, only the
first directory is searched. (Refer to the
SETSRC program.)
/SETTTY Sets your terminal characteristics as
specified in the file SWITCH.INI. This is
the default function. Refer to Appendix B
for more information.
/SFDCREATE Automatically creates an SFD on the
structure, if the SFD was specified as the
directory path, and if the SFD does not
already exist. This is the default.
/SFDPROT:nnn Sets the protection of all created SFDs to
nnn.
/SPOOL:dev or Adds the specified device(s) to the current
/SPOOL:(dev1,...) list of those spooled for the job. Spooling
or is the mechanism by which I/O to or from
/SPOOL:ALL slow-speed devices is simulated on disk.
Data temporarily stored on disk can be
automatically output on the specified device
when it becomes available. These devices can
be spooled: the line printer (LPT:), the
card punch (CDP:), the card reader (CDR:),
the paper-tape punch (PTP:), and the plotter
(PLT:).
/STR Causes all files in the standard system
library [1,4] with name ???STR.TXT to be
printed on your terminal. Assume, for
example, that there is a file on private
structure "PR:" called PRLSTR.TXT[1,4] which
says: "PR:PAYROLL DEBUG PACK -- NOT REAL
DATA". Any user who logged in with /STR (or
had /STR in his SWITCH.INI file) would have
the warning message printed on his terminal.
2-181
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
/SYS Adds the SYS: structure to your DSK:
specification. Consequently, if a file is
not found in the directories in your search
list or in your library directory (if /LIB:
[proj,prog] has been specified), the system
directory [1,4] will then be searched for the
file.
/TERMINAL: Sets the terminal characteristics
(arg,arg,...) specified by the arguments.This switch is
useful for recording terminal characteristics
in your SWITCH.INI file. Refer to Appendix B
for information about the SWITCH.INI file.
To specify a single argument, type it after
the colon. To specify two or more arguments,
enclose them in parentheses and separate them
with commas.
The arguments to the /TERMINAL switch and
their meanings are listed after the
description of the switches. All of the
arguments except those which take values can
be preceded by NO to turn off the function of
the argument.
/TIME:n Sets a central processor time limit of n
seconds for a job. When the time limit is
reached, the system stops the job and prints
a message. A timesharing job can be
continued by typing CONTINUE, but unless the
time is reset with the SET TIME command, no
time limit will be in effect. A batch job
cannot be continued.
/UFDPROT:nnn Sets the protection of all created UFDs to
nnn.
/VIRTUAL:n Specifies the current virtual page limit, as
represented by n. (For a description of
CVPL, see the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls
Manual.) In /VIRTUAL:nK and :nP, K
represents a block, and P a page; 1K equals
1024 words, and 1P equals 512 words. If you
type neither letter, K is assumed. K can be
specified within the range 1 to 512P. If you
type /VIRTUAL:0, the value of CVPL, as set by
the system administrator, is used.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
/WATCH:ALL or Duplicates the SET WATCH command, printing
/WATCH (arg,arg...) messages automatically according to the
argument. See the SET WATCH command
description for a list of arguments and their
uses.
Arguments to /TERMINAL
Argument Meaning
ALTMODE Converts the ASCII characters 175 and 176 to
NOALTMODE ALTmode (ESCape). If you use NOALTMODE, 175
and 176 regain their original identity as
right brace (]) and tilde (~). The default
setting is NOALTMODE.
BLANKS Prints blank lines during output to the
NOBLANKS terminal. NOBLANKS is often used on a
display terminal to conserve space on the
screen. The default setting is BLANKS.
CRLF Prints an automatic carriage-return/line-feed
NOCRLF at the end of each line. The width of this
line is set with WIDTH. NOCRLF suppresses
the automatic carriage-return/line-feed. The
default is CRLF.
DEBREAK No longer supported.
NODEBREAK
DEFER Suppresses echoing of the characters you type
NODEFER until output to the terminal is finished.
For example, when the system is sending
output to your terminal and you type another
command, the system will echo the characters
as it is printing output on your terminal.
DEFER holds the characters you type until the
output is finished. NODEFER is the default
setting. For video terminals, it is
recommended that you set DEFER.
DISPLAY Informs the system that you have a display
NODISPLAY terminal. Your programs can use this
information when sending output to your
terminal. NO DISPLAY turns off the DISPLAY
function.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
ECHO Prints the characters you type on your
NOECHO terminal. This puts your terminal in full
duplex mode. NOECHO puts your terminal in
half duplex mode. That is, the characters
you type are not printed on your terminal.
|
| EIGHTBIT Sets 8-bit mode.
| NOEIGHTBIT
|
| ESCAPE:chr Sets the <ESCAPE> translation character to
| chr.
FILL:n Controls the filler class of the terminal.
NOFILL This effects the output of filler characters.
NOFILL is the equivalent to FILL:0.
FORM Sends eight line-feeds for every FORM
NOFORM character, and four line-feeds for each
vertical tab. NOFORM does not send the
line-feeds.
GAG Suppresses any messages sent by the SEND
NOGAG command when your job is in user mode. This
does not affect messages from the operator.
NOGAG allows you to receive messages at any
stage of your job.
LC Allows the system to print lowercase
NOLC characters on your terminal when echoing
characters from your terminal. This argument
is used on terminals that have lowercase
ability but are not printing lowercase
characters. NOLC makes the system translate
all input characters to uppercase as they are
transmitted.
LENGTH:n Sets the terminal page length to n lines.
|
| LOCALCOPY Sets terminal to local copy.
| NOLOCALCOPY
|
| QUOTE Enables control-v character quoting.
| NOQUOTE
RCVSPEED:nnnn Sets the speed at which your terminal will
receive characters to n baud.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
RTCOMP Controls the function of CTRL/R and CTRL/T.
NORTCOMP NORTCOMP makes the control characters
function as they are described in Section
1.6. RTCOMP prevents them from functioning
this way, which is useful when you plan to
run a program that uses CTRL/R and CTRL/T for
other purposes.
SBELL Rings the bell when output is stopped
NOSBELL automatically by the system. NOSBELL
suppresses the terminal bell when output is
stopped automatically by the system.
SPEED:nnnn Sets the receiving and transmitting speed of
your terminal to n baud.
SSTOP:n Sets the terminal to stop output after n
lines, where n is page length, ignoring
intermittent <CTRL/Q>s.
STOP:n Sets the terminal to stop output after n
lines, where n is page length.
TABS Informs the system that your terminal has
NOTABS tab stops. NOTABS informs the system that
your terminal does not have tab stops. The
system will then simulate tab stops for your
terminal.
TAPE Informs the system that your terminal has
NOTAPE paper tape output. This changes the function
of CTRL/S and CTRL/Q to control the paper
tape. NOTAPE restores the function of CTRL/S
and CTRL/Q. Refer to Section 1.6.
TIDY No longer supported.
NOTIDY
TYPE:nnnn Specifies the type of terminal. This informs
the system that your terminal is of the type
nnnn. This sets some characteristics
automatically. For a complete list of
supported terminal types, type:
HELP *
A portion of the information returned is a
list of terminal types supported by the
monitor.
2-185
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
UC Tells the system to translate all the
NOUC characters that it receives from your
terminal to upper case. NOUC does not
translate the characters.
|
| UNPAUSE:chr Sets the unpause character to chr.
WIDTH:n Sets the width of the terminal screen to n.
Used in conjunction with CRLF, this controls
the automatic RETURNs that are output at
monitor level.
XMTSPEED:n Sets the speed at which your terminal will
send characters to n baud.
XONXOF Allows you to use CTRL/S and CTRL/Q to
NOXONXOF control the output to your terminal.
NOXONXOF prevents the system from stopping
terminal output automatically.
Characteristics
Returns your terminal to monitor level or starts a program if
specified in ACTDAE.SYS.
Associated Messages
If you are already logged in when you issue the LOGIN command,
the monitor prints:
?PLEASE KJOB OR DETACH
If the system is running the maximum number of jobs it can
handle, you will not be able to log in. When you issue a LOGIN
command, you will receive the message:
?JOB CAPACITY EXCEEDED
In this event, wait a few minutes, then try again.
2-186
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
Examples
1. To gain access to the system, log in with your user name as
follows:
.LOGIN MCWILLIAMS
JOB 42 RZ373B KL#1026/1042 TTY363
If you do not type your project-programmer number or your
user name on the same line as the LOGIN command, LOGIN
prompts you for that information with a number sign (#).
.LOGIN<RET>
JOB 29 RZ373B KL #1026/1042 TTY220
#10,6073<RET>
LOGIN prints your assigned job number (job number 29),
followed by monitor name, version number, and terminal
number.
PASSWORD:<RET>
The system prompts you for your password. You type your
password followed by a carriage-return. To maintain password
security, the monitor does not echo your password. On
terminals with local-copy (see the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls
Manual), a mask is printed to make your password unreadable.
[LGNLAS Last access to [10,6073] succeeded on
dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss]
hh:mm dd-mmm-yy MON
.
If your entries are correct, the system responds with a
message indicating when the last attempt to login to your
account was, and whether it was successful time, date, day of
the week, the message of the day (if any), and a period,
indicating readiness to accept another command.
2. The following example illustrates the process of detaching a
job, logging in a second job, detaching the second job and
logging in a third job. First, detach the job that is
currently running:
.DETACH<RET>
FROM JOB 52
Then log in again:
.LOGIN 27,5434<RET>
JOB 54 RZ125A KL #1022/1046 TTY213
2-187
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
PASSWORD: <RET>
OTHER JOBS DETACHED WITH SAME PPN:
JOB 52 PIP STOPPED
DO YOU WANT TO ATTACH TO THIS JOB? [Y] NO<RET>
[LGNJSP OTHER JOBS SAME PPN:52]
[LGNLAS Last access to [27,5434] succeeded on
dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss]
hh:mm dd-mmm-yy MON
When you log in, if you have a detached job (logged in with
/ATTACH:ASK), LOGIN prompts you whether you want to log in a
new job or attach to the existing job. (To suppress this
function, use the /ATTACH:IGNORE switch when you log in.) To
log in a new job at this point, type NO and press RETURN. If
you type YES or just press RETURN, your terminal will be
attached to the existing job.
Detaching a job is useful when you are running a program you
expect to run for a long time. If you want to allow such a
program to run, while you start another job, use the
CCONTINUE command. For example, start a DIRECTORY search of
SYS:
.DIRECT EXEVER.SYS=SYS:*.EXE/PRVERSION<RET>
^C
^C
.CCONTINUE<RET>
The DIRECT program continues to search for files in SYS:
with the extension .EXE, and stores them in EXEVER.SYS.
Meanwhile, you can log in a third job. To log in a third
job, first detach the second:
.DETACH<RET>
FROM JOB 54
Log in:
.LOGIN 27,5434/ATTACH:IGNORE<RET>
JOB 55 RZ125A KL #1022/1046 TTY213
PASSWORD: <RET>
[LGNJSP OTHER JOBS SAME PPN:52,54]
[LGNLAS Last access to [27,5434] succeeded on
dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss]
hh:mm dd-mmm-yy MON
.
2-188
SYSTEM COMMANDS
LOGIN Command
The /ATTACH:IGNORE switch was used here to suppress the
question about existing detached jobs. To log in a new job,
as here, press RETURN.
When the DIRECT program is finished running (as may be seen
using SYSDPY), you may want to attach back to job 54. In
this case, detach the current job, or log out:
.K<RET>
[LGTOUL OTHER USERS LOGGED-IN UNDER [27,5434], JOBS:52,54]
JOB 55 USER MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
LOGGED-OFF TTY64 AT hh:mm:ss ON dd-mmm-yy
RUNTIME: 0:05:33, KCS:64, CONNECT TIME: 1:45:20
DISK READS: 1534, WRITES: 105, BLOCKS SAVED: 2513
Then log in again:
.LOGIN 27,5434
JOB 36 RZ125A KL #1022/1046 TTY213
PASSWORD: <RET>
OTHER JOBS DETACHED WITH SAME PPN:
JOB 52 PIP STOPPED
JOB 54 DIRECT RUNNING
TYPE JOB NUMBER TO ATTACH OR CARRIAGE-RETURN TO LOGIN
NEW JOB:54<RET>
.ATTACH 54[27,5434]
[LGNATJ ATTACHING TO JOB 52 IN USER MODE]
TOTAL OF 344 FILES
.
LOGIN prints a message after attaching to the running job.
This message informs you that the job is in the process of
running. Then DIRECTORY prints a message showing the total
number of files found.
2-189
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MAIL Command
MAIL Command
Function
The MAIL command starts up a program to send, receive, and store
messages to and from other users. For complete details, see the
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 DECmail/MS Manual.
Format
MAIL
Characteristics
Runs the MS program.
Requires LOGIN.
Destroys your core image.
Places your terminal at user level.
Example
Start up MS, then exit.
.MAIL<RET>
MS>EXIT<RET>
.
2-190
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MAKE Command
MAKE Command
Function
The MAKE command creates a new file on the disk with TECO (Text
Editor and Corrector). If a file already exists with the same
name, the system prints a warning message. If you continue
despite this warning, the system program supersedes the file. If
you type two CTRL/Cs to leave TECO, the program does not destroy
the file. (See the TECO manual in the TOPS-10 Software
Notebooks.)
Format
MAKE dev:file.ext[directory]
Where: dev: is the device or file structure name on which the
system creates the file. If you omit it, the system
assumes DSK:.
file.ext is any legal file name and file name
extension. The file name is required; the file name
extension is optional.
[directory] is the directory area in which the system
creates the file. If you omit this argument, the
system assumes your default directory area (that is,
your project-programmer number). Note that the default
directory can be an SFD or a UFD.
You can pass switches to TECO if you precede each switch with a
slash in the MAKE command string.
Characteristics
Place your terminal at user level.
Destroys your core image.
2-191
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MAKE Command
Example
Create a file named TEXT3.MAI.
.MAKE TEXT3.MAI<RET>
*EX<ESC><ESC>
Exit from TECO.
Use DIRECTORY to see the file.
.DIR TEXT3<RET>
TEXT3 MAI 1 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKC:[27,5434]
.
2-192
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MERGE Command
MERGE Command
Function
The MERGE command combines the low segment of an executable
program in the specified file with the program that is currently
in memory. The MERGE command, like the GET command, does not
start execution of the program. MERGE is used to load page fault
handlers and DDT.
Format
MERGE dev:file.ext[directory] /switch
Where: dev: is the logical or name of the device containing
the program you want to merge into core. The default
device is DSK:.
file.ext is the name of the file containing the program
you want to merge into core. You must specify the file
name. The file extension defaults to .EXE.
[directory] is the directory name, required only if the
core image file is located in a disk area other than
yours. The default is the directory area that you
logged in to.
/switch is the following option:
/USE:n Specifies the octal section number, (n), into
which a program is merged. Valid section
numbers are 0-37, octal.
Characteristics
Places your terminal at user level.
Requires LOGIN.
Changes your core image.
2-193
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MERGE Command
Example
Type two programs.
.TY FIRST.MAC<RET>
FIRST: RESET
JRST 700000
END FIRST
.TY SECOND.MAC<RET>
.PSECT FOO,700000
SECOND: OUTSTR [ASCIZ/
EXECUTION AT 700000
/]
EXIT
END
Compile the programs.
.COMPILE FIRST.MAC<RET>
MACRO: .MAIN
EXIT
.COMPILE SECOND.MAC<RET>
MACRO: .MAIN
EXIT
Run LINK and save the files.
.R LINK<RET>
*FIRST/SAVE=FIRST/GO<RET>
EXIT
.R LINK<RET>
*SECOND/SAVE=SECOND/GO<RET>
EXIT
Use GET to bring the first program into memory.
.GET FIRST<RET>
JOB SETUP
2-194
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MERGE Command
Use MERGE to bring the second program into memory.
.MERGE SECOND<RET>
SECOND MERGED
Start execution of the programs.
.START<RET>
EXECUTION AT 700000
EXIT
After a successful execution, examine the memory area. Note that
address 777 is occupied.
.E 777<RET>
000777/ 000000 000000 .
Address 1000 does not exist.
.E 1000<RET>
?OUT OF BOUNDS
Address 700000 is occupied.
.E 700000<RET>
700000/ 051140 700002 .
Address 701000 does not exist.
.E 701000<RET>
?OUT OF BOUNDS
.
2-195
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MIC Commands
MIC Commands
Function
MIC allows you to create a new command by writing any desired
sequence of monitor-mode and user-mode commands in a disk file.
MIC commands are discussed in the file DOC:MICV2.DOC, on the
system. MIC is not a supported product.
You may include any of the following commands in your MIC command
file, along with any number of monitor commands.
Commands
BACKTO Specifies a 1- to 6- character label at which MIC
processing is to resume. Note that labels in MIC
command files are terminated by :: and must be at the
beginning of a line.
ERROR/ Specifies a character that is used to denote an error
NOERROR condition when displayed at the beginning of a line.
GOTO Specifies a 1- to 6- character label at which MIC
processing is to resume. Note that labels in MIC
command files are terminated by :: and must be at the
beginning of a line.
IF Conditionally processes a monitor command.
LET Allows you to change the value of any user parameters
in a MIC file. For example, LET C= "THIS IS C"
substitutes the text within double quotes as the value
of C.
MIC Arg Allows you to ABORT, SUSPEND, CANCEL, RETURN, or EXIT
from MIC processing.
OPERATOR/ Specifies one ASCII character to be treated as
NOOPERATOR introducing a line that requires user attention. For
example, if the operator character is output in column
1, MIC suspends output and displays [BREAK]. After
this, type the requested information. Then type
CTRL/P (PROCEED), which will continue the processing
of the command file.
2-196
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MIC Commands
SILENCE/ Suppresses and resumes output to the terminal.
REVIVE You can type another monitor command on the same line
as the SILENCE/REVIVE command. For example,
.REVIVE.DIR<RET>
causes terminal output to be revived after the .DIR
command has been typed. Therefore, only the output
from the .DIR command will be printed on the terminal.
WHENEVER/ Changes the default action whenever a particular
ON action or event occurs. ON and WHENEVER are
equivalent commands.
Example
;A MIC DEMO OF THE ERROR COMMAND
;A MACRO TO COMPARE TWO FILES AND DELETE DSK COPY IF THEY
;ARE THE SAME
.
.TYPE CHECK.MIC<RET>
.ERROR ?
.R FILCOM<RET>
*TTY:/Q='A.'B<RET>
.DELETE 'A<RET>
.
;A TYPICAL CALL - CHECK IF DSK:C.MIC IS A COPY OF SYS:C.MIC
.DIRECT/CHECK C.MIC.SYS:<RET>
.
.ERROR ?
.R FILCOM<RET>
*TTY:/Q=C.MIC,SYS:<RET>
NO DIFFERENCES ENCOUNTERED
*C
.DELETE C.MIC<RET>
FILES DELETED
C.MIC
01 BLOCKS FREED
;CREATE AN INCORRECT COPY OF C.MIC WITH PIP.
.R PIP<RET>
2-197
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MIC Commands
*C.MIC=TTY:
WRONG FILE
^Z
*^C
;AND USE C.MIC TO CHECK IT
.DO CHECK C.MIC,SYS:<RET>
.
.ERROR ?
.R FILCOM<RET>
*TTY:/Q=C.MIC,SYS:<RET>
FILE 1) DSK:C.MIC CREATED: 1349 dd-mmm-yyyy
FILE 2) SYS:C.MIC CREATED: 1202 dd-mmm-yyyy
?FILES ARE DIFFERENT
*[ABORT ON ERROR]
^C
.
2-198
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
MOUNT Command
Function
The MOUNT command requests ownership of a device. Because MOUNT
calls for action by the operator, the command is not complete
(the monitor prompt is not printed on your terminal) until the
operator has mounted the device. If more than one volume in the
volume set must be mounted at one time, the system ensures that
the resources will be available. Volumes that must be mounted
sequentially, such as tape volume sets, will be mounted
automatically. Therefore, you use MOUNT only once for each
volume set.
Resources are pre-allocated to a job using the ALLOCATE command.
This informs the system of your future need for a resource. If
you use the MOUNT command without previously using the ALLOCATE
command for the same resource, MOUNT allocates the resource as
well as mounting it. Note, however, that the implicit MOUNT
allocation is cancelled when you use DISMOUNT. An explicitly
allocated resource remains your property until you use DEALLOCATE
to relinquish it.
You can use MOUNT to assign a logical name to a resource. A tape
volume set must always have a logical name. Therefore, if you do
not assign a logical name when you allocate or mount a tape
volume set, the system uses the first six alphanumeric
characters, or up to the first non-alphanumeric character, as the
default logical name.
Format
MOUNT resource:log-name/switch/switch...
Where: resource is one of the following:
o Disk structure or volume set name, such as DSKB:.
o Tape volume set and identifiers, such as
PAY-WK4:(PM34,PM35), where PAY-WK4 is the name of
the volume set, and (PM34,PM35) is a list of the
names of each tape in the volume set.
o A logical name that was previously associated with
a resource.
o A physical device name.
2-199
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
Note that a tape mount request must include a volume
identification. This is accomplished by including the
volume identifier in the resource name, or by using the
/SCRATCH, /VOLID or /REELID switch in the command line.
log-name is the logical name you assign to the device
that you will use. The logical name can be up to 6
alphanumeric characters. The logical name is optional.
Disk volume sets do not require a logical name, but you
can assign one. Tape volume sets must have a logical
name. If you do not assign a logical name to a tape
volume set, the default logical name will be derived
from the volume set name, using the first six
characters, or up to the first non-alphanumeric
character.
If you assigned a logical name to the resource by using the
ALLOCATE command, you can mount the device by typing:
MOUNT log-name/switch/switch...
Any switches that you specified in a previous ALLOCATE command,
using the same resource name, become effective when you MOUNT the
resource. However, you cannot specify any switches with MOUNT to
change the switches you specified in the ALLOCATE command. Also,
you cannot specify any further switches with the MOUNT command,
except for non-status-setting switches such as /REMARK. This is
because defaults are assumed when the request is ALLOCATEd.
NOTE
To MOUNT more than one device at a time, separate
the volume set identifications with a comma (,).
You can obtain a list of all the requests in the mount queue by
typing MOUNT with no arguments or switches.
The following is a list of the switches you can use with MOUNT.
Some switches apply to both tape and disk volume sets, other
switches apply to one or the other. The center column indicates
the kind of volume set the switch applies to.
2-200
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
Switch Device Function
/ACTIVE Disk Requests that the volume set be placed
in your job's active search list. (See
the SETSRC program description in the
TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual.) The
structure will become part of the list
that the system automatically uses to
search for a file. This is the default
function. This switch is the complement
to /PASSIVE.
/CHECK Tape Prints on your terminal a list of the
Disk mount requests made by your job.
/CREATE Disk Allows files to be created on the
structure. This switch is the
complement /NOCREATE. This switch
implies the /ACTIVE switch.
/DENSITY:n-BPI Tape Specifies the recording density
(bits-per-inch) of the volume set. The
argument (n) can be: 200, 556, 800,
1600, or 6250. The -BPI portion of the
value is optional.
/DISK Disk Identifies the volume set as a disk
volume set.
/EXCLUSIVE Disk Ensures that you will have exclusive
access to the volume set. No other
users will be allowed to access the
resource. You must have the same
project number as the owner of the
volume set.
/HELP Tape Prints a brief description of the
Disk MOUNT command.
2-201
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
/LABEL-TYPE: Tape Specifies the kind of label processing
arg to be used and indicates the label
status of the tape. The label type is
used to ensure that the correct tape has
been mounted. The arguments and their
meanings are:
ANSI The label is formatted
according to ANSI standards.
BLP The tape may or may not have
BYPASS labels, but it is treated as
if it were unlabeled. This
argument can only be used by
privileged users.
EBCDIC The label is formatted
IBM in EBCDIC
NOLABELS The tape does not have a
NONE standard label. You will not
UNLABELED be informed when the
end-of-tape is reached.
USER-EOT The tape does not have
standard labels. However, it
may have user labels. When
the end-of-tape is reached,
the user is notified. This is
useful for programs such as
BACKUP.
/NEW-VOLUME-SET Tape Specifies that a new volume set is going
to be created. The operator will choose
a new tape or tapes for you. This
switch implies /WRITE-ENABLE.
/NOCREATE Disk Prevents the creation of files on this
volume set unless you specify the volume
set when you write the files. This
switch is the complement to /CREATE and
it implies /ACTIVE.
/NONOTIFY Tape Does not notify you when your request is
Disk finished. This is the default function.
2-202
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
/NOTIFY Tape Sets the system to inform you when the
Disk resource is mounted or dismounted. The
system sends a message to your terminal
when any of the following occurs:
o The resource is physically mounted.
o The resource is dismounted by the
operator without a request by your
job.
o Another volume in a tape volume set
is mounted.
o The disk structure is locked or
unlocked by the operator.
/NOWAIT Tape Allows you to continue working on the
Disk system before the resource is mounted.
This switch implies /NOTIFY and it is
the complement to /WAIT.
/PASSIVE Disk Requests that the structure be placed in
your job's passive search list. (See
the SETSRC program.) The system will not
search for files on this structure
unless you specify the structure name in
the file specification. This switch is
the complement to /ACTIVE.
/QUOTA Disk Recomputes the usage quota on the
specified structure.
/READ-ONLY Tape Specifies that you will not write on the
Disk volume set. Tape volume sets will be
checked as they are mounted, to ensure
that they are not write-enabled. This
is the default for tape volume sets.
On disk volume sets, the monitor will
not update access dates. If you specify
/EXCLUSIVE and /READ-ONLY, the operator
may write-protect the volume set.
This switch supersedes /RONLY, /WLOCK,
and /WRITE:NO.
2-203
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
/REMARK:"text" Tape Allows you to send a message to the
Disk operator identifying the volume to be
mounted. The argument (text) can be up
to 50 characters long. Use quotation
marks if the text contains spaces or
punctuation.
/SCRATCH Tape Instructs the operator to mount a
scratch tape. The operator will select
a tape that is blank, with the intention
of keeping the tape when you are
finished with it. This switch implies
/WRITE-ENABLE.
/SHARABLE Disk Allows other users to access the
resource. This is the default function.
This switch is the complement to
/EXCLUSIVE.
/TAPE Tape Specifies that the volume set is a tape
volume set. This switch is required
when the volume set has the same name as
a cataloged disk volume set.
/TRACKS:n Tape Specifies the number of tracks on the
tape. The value of n can be 7 or 9.
/USER:[ppn] Tape Prints on your terminal a list of all
Disk requests for a particular user.
/VOLID:volid Tape Identifies the volumes in a tape volume
set. This switch can be used only if
the volid-list was not specified
previously. If the volume set is
comprised of more than one volume, the
volids should be separated by commas,
and the volid-list should be enclosed in
parentheses. This switch supersedes
/REELID.
/WAIT Tape Ensures that the volume set will be
Disk mounted before you continue working on
the system. This is the default
function. This switch is the complement
to /NOWAIT.
/WRITE-ENABLE Tape Ensures that you can write on the
Disk volume set. For tape, the monitor
checks each volume as it is mounted, to
be sure that it is write-enabled. This
is the default function for disk volume
sets.
2-204
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
Associated Commands
ALLOCATE Informs the system of your future need for a
resource.
DISMOUNT Removes the specified volume set from your job
search list. If no other users are accessing
the resource, and it is not a system structure,
the volume set will be dismounted from the unit.
DEALLOCATE Removes the resource from your job's list of
allocated resources.
SHOW ALLOCATION Prints a list of the resources allocated and
mounted for your job.
SHOW QUEUE Prints a list of the jobs in the system queues.
Characteristics
Runs the QUEUE program.
Destroys your core image.
Requires LOGIN.
Example
The following example shows the use of the ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE,
MOUNT, DISMOUNT, and SHOW ALLOCATION commands. The resources are
reserved for a multivolume tape volume set with the ALLOCATE
command. The name of the volume set is TAPE-SET, and it contains
three volumes. The logical name TS is assigned to the tape set.
The tape is write enabled, and it does not have standard labels.
.ALLOCATE
TAPE-SET(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3):TS/WRITE-ENABLE/LABEL:NONE<RET>
[ALLOCATE REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUESTS #672]
A file structure named DSKR: is mounted for the job:
.MOUNT DSKR:<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST DSKR QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[STRUCTURE DSKR MOUNTED]
2-205
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
The job's resources are shown using the SHOW ALLOCATION command:
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
The tape set is mounted, and the resources are again displayed:
.MOUNT TS<RET>
[MOUNT REQUEST TS QUEUED, REQUEST #673]
[MAGTAPE TS MOUNTED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 1
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 2 2
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKR DSKR STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
After work is finished by accessing the tape set and the
structure, the structure is dismounted. Because the structure
was not explicitly allocated, it is automatically deallocated.
.DISMOUNT DSKR<RET>
[STRUCTURE DSKR DISMOUNTED]
The tape volume set is dismounted:
.DISMOUNT TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS DISMOUNTED]
2-206
SYSTEM COMMANDS
MOUNT Command
The job's resources are displayed:
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- 9 TK 800/1600 MAGTAPE UNIT 1 0
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
TAPE-SET VOL1 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL2 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
TAPE-SET VOL3 MAGTAPE VOL. 1 0
At this point, the tape set can again be mounted, or it can be
dismounted and released from your job. The tape set is
deallocated:
.DEALLOCATED TS<RET>
[VOLUME SET TS HAS BEEN DEALLOCATED]
.SHOW ALLOCATION<RET>
ALLOCATION FOR JOB 59 MARY MAROTTA [27,5434]
VOLUME SET RESOURCES TYPE ALL OWN
--------------------- ----------------- ------------ --- ---
--- RP06 DISK UNIT 1 1
--- RP20 DISK UNIT 1 1
DSKB DSKB STRUCTURE 1 1
DSKC DSKC STRUCTURE 1 1
.
2-207
SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
NETWORK Command
Function
The NETWORK command prints information about the nodes in an
ANF-10 and/or DECnet-10 network environment. Your terminal must
be attached to one of the nodes in the network to use this
command. You can use the NETWORK command to obtain information
about the other nodes in either type of network, and about the
device configuration of each node in the ANF-10 network.
You can specify the node-name or node-number in the ANF-10
network, or just node-name in the DECnet-10 network, to limit the
output to specific nodes. You can use switches to change the
output format.
NETWORK reads your SWITCH.INI file and accepts indirect commands.
The indirect command files should be formatted as follows:
node-list/switch/switch...
Indirect command files are discussed in Appendix C.
Formats
NETWORK node-list/switch
Where: node-list is the node-names or node-numbers (ANF-10),
or just node-names (DECnet-10), of nodes for which you
want information. If you do not specify the node-list,
information is output for every node in the network.
The node-names or node-numbers (ANF-10), or just
node-names (DECnet-10) are separated by commas.
You can use the wildcard construction in the command string. The
node name, or any part of the node name, can be replaced by * or
? to represent groups of nodes. Wildcards are discussed in
Section 1.11.
The switches to NETWORK allow you to specify:
o The format of the output.
o The configurations that you want to examine.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
NOTE
You use switches to select a node with or without a
specific attribute. Use the proper switch, or prefix
the switch with NO. If you do not use the switch, the
selection of a node does not depend upon that
attribute. If you do not specify a node, the default
output is /BRIEF.
The command line takes the format specified below:
NETWORK node-name,
node-number,.../switch/switch...
You can repeat node names, but not switches.
The switches to the NETWORK command follow.
Output Control Switches
Switch Function
/ANF10 Forces output of ANF-10 information.
/BRIEF Suppresses the output of a list of devices for
each node. This is the default if you do not
specify a node-list in the command string.
/COST Controls the listing of the physical link "cost"
associated with the /TOPOLOGY switch.
/DECNET Forces output of DECnet-10 information.
/ERROR Prints all error messages. This is the default.
/FAST Prints only the name and number of the nodes. If
you also specify /NOBRIEF, the configuration
information is printed.
/HEADER Prints header information. This is the default
action.
/HELP Prints a description of the NETWORK command.
/LAT Prints LAT terminal server information.
/NOANF10 Suppresses output of ANF-10 information.
/NOBRIEF Prints a list of the devices on each node. This
is the default if you specify a node-list.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
/NOCOST Suppresses the listing of the physical link "cost"
associated with the /TOPOLOGY switch.
/NODECNET Suppresses output of DECnet-10 information.
/NOERROR Suppresses the output of error messages.
/NOFAST Suppresses printing the name and number of the
nodes. If you also specify /NOBRIEF, the
configuration information is suppressed.
/NOHEADER Suppresses output of header information.
/NOLAT Suppresses LAT terminal server information.
/NOSILENCE Prints all information. This is the default.
/NOSORT Suppresses sorting of the nodes according to node
number.
/NOTOPOLOGY Suppresses printing of the topology of the
network.
/SILENCE Prints only error messages.
/SORT Sorts the nodes according to node number.
/TOPOLOGY Prints the topology of the network as a node name
and number followed by its neighbors' numbers.
Each neighbor has a physical link "cost" following
it in parentheses unless you also include the
/NOCOST switch.
ANF-10 Node Selection Switches
Switch Function
/CDP Prints only nodes that have card-punch devices.
/CDR Prints only nodes that have card readers.
/DTA Prints only nodes that have DECtape units.
/LPT Prints only nodes that have line printers.
/MCR Prints only nodes that have command interpreters
(monitors). MCR signifies that the node is a host
system.
/MTA Prints only nodes that have magnetic tape units.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
/NOCDP Prints only nodes that do not have card-punch
devices.
/NOCDR Prints only nodes that do not have card readers.
/NODTA Prints only nodes that do not have DECtape units.
/NOLPT Prints only nodes that do not have line printers.
/NOMCR Prints only nodes that do not have command
interpreters.
/NOMTA Prints only nodes that do not have magnetic tape
units.
/NOPLT Prints only nodes that do not have plotters.
/NOPTP Prints only nodes that do not have paper tape
punch units.
/NOPTR Prints only nodes that do not have paper tape
readers.
/NORDA Prints only nodes that do not have RDX devices.
RDX devices control lines from high-speed input
(block-mode) terminals.
/NOTSK Prints only nodes that do not have TSK: devices.
/NOTTY Prints only nodes that do not support terminals.
/TYPE:DNxxx Prints only nodes of the specified type. This
does not output host nodes. However, if you use
/TYPE: with no value, the host nodes are printed.
/PLT Prints only nodes that have plotters.
/PTP Prints only nodes that have paper tape punch
units.
/PTR Prints only nodes that have paper-tape readers.
/RDA Prints only nodes that have RDX devices. RDX
devices control lines from high-speed input
(block-mode) terminals.
/TSK Prints only nodes that have TSK: devices.
/TTY Prints only nodes that support terminals.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
DECnet-10 Node Selection Switches
Switch Function
/LINKS Prints only nodes that have one or more open
logical links.
/NOLINKS Prints only nodes that do not have one or more
open logical links.
/NOUNREACHABLE Suppresses listing of all known DECnet nodes.
/UNREACHABLE Lists all known DECnet nodes.
Network Topology
The topology of a network is determined by the interconnection of
nodes in a network. Nodes can be adjacent to each other
connected by a physical link. They can also be connected with
intermediate nodes. These connections, with associated costs,
determine the routes (paths) a message takes from one node to
another. The costs are arbitrary values given to each physical
connection of the network. The cost of a given route is
determined by the sum of the costs of the physical connections
along that route. In cases where multiple routes exist between
nodes, the route with the lowest cost is taken. In the ANF-10
network, this information is available when you use the /TOPOLOGY
switch.
In the DECnet network, the /TOPOLOGY switch displays the
information available for DECnet nodes. The first two items of
information are the node name and number, followed by DECnet
routing information for that node. If the node is unreachable,
then this information is placed in the output line:
"Unreachable." The remaining information columns are left blank
to indicate that information is not available. If the node is
reachable, then the column shows the circuit name for the initial
routing of a message to that node.
The following columns show cost and number of hops, analogous to
the ANF-10 network topology. The cost for DECnet is set through
network management functions on a per physical-connection basis.
If you ever form a logical link between your node and the
destination node, information is available for the count of open
logical links and the round-trip delay time in milli-seconds.
Otherwise, this information is not available, and the information
fields are left blank. Example 4 shows the output from the use
of the /TOPOLOGY switch for both ANF-10 and DECnet-10 network
environments.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
Associated Messages
The output from the NETWORK command is in one of the following
formats.
When you do not specify a node-list:
For ANF-10:
node-name (node-number) system-name system-generation-date
For DECnet-10:
Node list (node-name)
When you specify a node-list:
For ANF-10:
node-name (node-number) system-name system-generation-date
device[number-of-devices] device[number-of-devices]
device[number-of-devices]...
For DECnet-10:
same as when you don't specify node names.
Characteristics
Runs the NETWORK program.
Does not require that you be logged in.
Examples
1. The following example shows the NETWORK command and output
when you omit the node-list. There are 17 nodes in the
ANF-10 network; five are shown in this example. There are
183 reachable nodes in the DECnet network; 14 are shown in
this example.
.NETWORK<RET>
[ANF10 network: connected to SPIRIT (30), located at
KL1026(26), 17 nodes]
Node CTCH22 (22) DN82 V23(174) dd-mmm-yy
Node KL1026 (26) RC117B KL #1026/1042 dd-mmm-yy
Node NEXT (27) DN87 V23(173) dd-mmm-yy
Node SPIRIT (30) DN87 V23(174) dd-mmm-yy
Node NOVA (31) DN87S V23(174) dd-mmm-yy
[DECnet network: local node KL1026, 183 reachable nodes in
area 7]
ABLE ADAM AJAX ALGOL ALIEN ALPHA ALPINE
BLUE CACHE CADVAX CAR CASTOR CDR CHAOS
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
2. The following example shows the NETWORK command when the
node-list is specified. Node-number 33 is valid; node 76 is
invalid.
.NETWORK 33,76<RET>
[ANF10 network: connected to NOVA(31), located at KL1026(26),
15 nodes]
Node DWARF (33) DN87S V23(174) 28-Sep-82
TSK[2] TTY[64]
%NWKNNN Node 76 not in Network
.
3. The following example shows the use of NETWORK with the
/NOTSK switch.
.NETWORK/NOTSK<RET>
[ANF10 network: connected to NOVA(31), located at KL1026(26),
15 nodes]
Node SOFDCP (75) DN82 V22E/52A
Node WOBBLE (143) DN81 V22E/52A
[DECnet network: local node KL1026, 182 reachable nodes in
area 7]
ABACUS ABLE ADAM AJAX ALGOL ALIEN ALPHA ALPINE
ANIMAL ARK BAXTER BERGIL BISON BLUE CACHE CADVAX
CAR CASTOR CDR CHAOS
4. The following example shows the use of the NETWORK command
with the /TOPOLOGY switch for both ANF-10 and DECnet
networks. The connected node (the node running your job) is
KL1026. KL1026 has a direct line to node ENCORE(32), node
NOVA(31), node JINX(34), node DWARF(33), and node NEXT(27).
Each of these lines costs 10. Therefore, they are equally
acceptable links. Note that node NEXT(27) has a direct line
to node KL1026(26), but this line costs 62, and is therefore
less acceptable than the line which connects node KL1026 to
node NEXT.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NETWORK Command
.NETWORK/TOPOLOGY<RET>
[ANF10 network: local node KL1026(26), 17 nodes]
Node KL1026 (26) 32(10) 34(10) 33(10) 27(10)
Node CTCH22 (22) 76(8)
Node KS4101 (76) 22(10) 27(10)
Node SOFDCP (75) 71(8) 6(8)
Node TWINKY (71) 75(10) 123(10)
Node WIZARD (123) 71(8) 27(8)
Node NEXT (27) 26(62) 123(16) 76(16)
Node DWARF (33) 26(62)
Node ENCORE (32) 26(62)
Node JINX (34) 26(62)
Node NOVA (31) 26(62) 20(8)
The DECnet network /TOPOLOGY switch displays cost and number
of hops between nodes.
[Decnet network: local node KL1026, 183 reachable nodes in
area 7]
Name Number Line Cost Hops L.Links Delay
LARRY (7.221) DTE-0-3 7 3
LYRA (7.236) ETH-0 1 1
.
5. The following example shows the use of the NETWORK command
for a DECnet Ethernet endnode. An Ethernet endnode does not
know DECnet topology information, so the system prints a
summary line containing DECnet information.
.NETWORK/DECNET<RET>
[DECnet network:local node KL1026,
running as an Ethernet endnode]
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NODE Command
NODE Command
Function
The NODE command prints ANF-10 and DECnet network configuration
information. If you do not specify a node-id, the system
displays information about the node to which your terminal is
connected. If you specify a node-id, the system displays system
configuration information for the node(s) you specified.
To use some commands (for example, SET HOST), you must know if a
node has a command interpreter. The NODE command displays the
symbol MCR as a device on each ANF-10 node that has a command
interpreter.
Format
NODE node-id
Where: node-id is a node identifier of a node in the network.
If you specify 0 as the node-id, the host to which your
terminal is connected is printed. That is, the system
prints the command interpreter of your job. If you do
not specify a node-id, the subject of the output is the
node to which your terminal is connected.
Characteristics
Leaves your terminal at monitor level.
Does not destroy your core image.
Associated Messages
When you specify a node-id, the information for ANF-10 nodes is
displayed in the following format:
node type node-name (node-num) software-id creation-date
device[number-of-devices] device[number-of-devices]...
Where node-name is the name of the node, node-num is the node's
number, software-id is the name and version of the monitor on
that node, and creation-date is the date of the monitor
generation.
The second line of output lists each kind of device on the node,
and the number of devices.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NODE Command
Information for DECnet nodes is displayed in one of the following
formats:
o DECnet node-name (node-address) HOPS:m COST:n VIA circuit
name
o DECnet node-name (node-address) may be reachable via the area
router
o DECnet node-name (node-address) may be reachable via the
designated router
o DECnet node-name (node-address) unreachable
Where node-name is the name of the DECnet node, node-address is
the DECnet area and node number, HOPS and COST refer to the
length of the path to that node, circuit is DTE-cpu-lineno or
ETH-0 (on a KL) or KDP-0-lineno (on a KS), and cpu and lineno are
the numbers of the CPU and line through which the node is
reachable. If the node is in a different DECnet area, or the
system is running as an Ethernet endnode, you will get either the
second or the third message. The node is classified as
unreachable only if it is in the same area, but not currently
running.
Examples
1. The following example shows the command interpreter to which
your terminal is connected.
.NODE 0<RET>
Local KL1026(26) RZ357A KL 1024/1042 mm-dd-yy
MCR[1] TTY[137] CDR[2] LPT[5] PTR[2] PTP[2] PLT[1]
.
2. Print the information associated with various DECnet and
ANF-10 nodes:
.NODE KL2116<RET>
DECnet KL2116(7.116) Hops:6 Cost:11 via DTE-0-3
.
The message indicates KL2116 is available, via DTE.
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SYSTEM COMMANDS
NODE Command
.NODE ELROND<RET>
DECnet ELROND(4.19)