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SRT4C.DOC -- Changes from SORT V4B(435) to V4C(467).
June 1981
COPYRIGHT (C) 1981 BY
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, MAYNARD, MASS.
THIS SOFTWARE IS FURNISHED UNDER A LICENSE AND MAY BE USED AND COPIED
ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF SUCH LICENSE AND WITH THE
INCLUSION OF THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICE. THIS SOFTWARE OR ANY OTHER
COPIES THEREOF MAY NOT BE PROVIDED OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO ANY
OTHER PERSON. NO TITLE TO AND OWNERSHIP OF THE SOFTWARE IS HEREBY
TRANSFERRED.
THE INFORMATION IN THIS SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
CORPORATION.
DIGITAL ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE USE OR RELIABILITY OF ITS
SOFTWARE ON EQUIPMENT WHICH IS NOT SUPPLIED BY DIGITAL.
SRT4C.DOC Page 2
SRT4C.DOC -- Changes from SORT V4B(435) to V4C(467).
1.0 SUMMARY
1.1 Functions
SORT is the high performance sort/merge package for the DECsystem-10.
SORT may be run as a stand-alone sort/merge, or embedded in a COBOL or
FORTRAN program.
This release, SORT V4C(467), contains all published edits up to and
including edit 467 and fully replaces SORT V4B.
1.2 Monitor
SORT runs under all supported monitors, and has been tested under
7.01. It has not been tested on a KA-10 cpu.
See section 4 for details of how to rebuild SORT.
1.3 Software Dependencies
The internal COBOL-68 SORT requires version 12A or later of the
COBOL-68 object time system, LIBOL.REL, to reside on SYS:.
The internal COBOL-74 SORT requires version 12A or later of the
COBOL-74 object time system, C74LIB.REL, to reside on SYS:.
The internal FORTRAN SORT requires the FORTRAN library, FORLIB.REL, to
reside on SYS:.
1.4 Relevant Documentation
SORT is documented in the following manuals:
DECsystem-10 SORT/MERGE User's Guide, AA-0997D-TB
COBOL-68 Language Reference Manual, AA-5057A-TK
COBOL-74 Language Manual, AA-5059A-TK
DECsystem-10 FORTRAN Programmer's Reference Manual, AA-0944E-TB
These may be found in Software Notebooks 8, 9, 10, and 11.
SRT4C.DOC Page 3
2.0 EXTERNAL CHANGES
The stand-alone sort no longer requires FOROTS to process floating
point keys.
The following new switches have been added. They are not yet
documented.
/NOCRLF
This switch tells SORT that BOTH the input and the output files are
fixed size ASCII records containing no carriage control characters.
/AFTER and /BEFORE
These switches tell SORT where the carriage-control characters go in
relation to the record. /AFTER is the normal way, /BEFORE is the
COBOL-74 compatible way. These switches affect output only as SORT
can read either format correctly and just ignore the extraneous
cr-lfs.
/MAXTEMP
This switch specifies the maximum number of temporary files that can
be used during the SORT or MERGE.
All flavours of SORT have been changed to use extended channels if
7.01 is running. In addition the maximum number of temporary files
allowed has been raise from 15 to 26. This should make COBOL SORT
more efficient.
If FTVM is turned on, a Virtual Memory version of SORT can be built.
This version is not usable as a stand-alone SORT, but can be called
from FORTRAN. This version of SORT is called FSORT to distinguish it
from the regular stand-alone SORT. It requires that the subroutine
FORSRT be assembled and inserted into FORLIB rather than the SRTFOR
version of FORTRAN SORT. This version will only run on 7.01 or later
monitors. It uses the MERGE UUO to read in a non-shareable copy of
FSORT when the SORT function is required. The only difference between
FSORT and SORT is that FSORT allocates its memory with a PAGE UUO at
run time. All the power of stand-alone SORT will be available to the
FORTRAN user using this version, it does use SCAN.
The quote character used to delimit literal collating sequence
characters can now be either single or double quote, but must occur in
matched pairs.
3.0 KNOWN BUGS AND DEFICIENCIES
As of Feb-80, the following deficiencies are known:
1. SORT may give the message:
%SRTNCS Not enough core specified
when no /CORE switch or MEMORY SIZE clause was given. The sort should
proceed normally, however.
SRT4C.DOC Page 4
2. Though FORTRAN SORT's calling sequence is similar to stand-alone
SORT's, the following differences are known:
1. Continuation lines (in indirect files) are not allowed.
2. Indirect files must be on DSK: in the user's default
path.
3. File extensions must be typed explicitly.
4. Switches must always follow file specifications to which
they apply.
3. On VM systems, COBOL SORT destroys pages left around by MCS,
VMDDT, and the page fault handler when it reduces core after a sort.
The page fault handler is not affected too much, however, since it
will be brought in again if totally wiped out.
4. SORT and COBOL overlays do not always work together correctly.
SRT4C.DOC Page 5
4.0 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
4.1 Contents of the SORT Distribution Tape.
For details of the combined COBOL/SORT tape see COBOL.INS.
The SORT distribution tape is written in BACKUP INTERCHANGE format and
contains the complete SORT/MERGE system. There are five save sets.
The save sets are:
1. SORT-DOCUMENTATION
2. SORT-SOURCE
3. SORT-KL-BUILD
4. SORT-KI-BUILD
5. SORT-KA-BUILD
The SORT-DOCUMENTATION save set contains the following files:
SORT.SD -- directory of SORT-SOURCE save set
SORT.KLD -- directory of SORT-KL-BUILD save set
SORT.KID -- directory of SORT-KI-BUILD save set
SORT.KAD -- directory of SORT-KA-BUILD save set
SORT.HLP -- the HELP file for SORT
SRT4C.BWR -- the Beware file for SORT 4C
SRT4C.DOC -- the Doc file for SORT 4C
The SORT-SOURCE save set contains all the source files required to
build SORT.
The SORT-K*-BUILD save set contains the Rel, Log, UNV files etc. from
the final build.
SRT4C.DOC Page 6
4.2 Instructions for Loading and Installing SORT
Mount the SORT or COBOL/SORT tape on logical MTA0: and type the
following commands:
R BACKUP
TAPE MTA0:
REWIND
DENSITY 1600-BPI
RESTORE SORT.HLP
REWIND
SKIP 2 !FOR KL-10
SKIP 3 !FOR KI-10
SKIP 4 !FOR KA-10
RESTORE SORT.EXE
REWIND
Then copy SORT.EXE to SYS: (or NEW:) and SORT.HLP to HLP:.
4.3 Instructions for Building SORT
Full building instructions for SORT can be found in SORT.CTL.
To simplify the build process all logical names required have been
placed in a file. If MIC were supported and worked under BATCH then
they would be in a MIC file SORT.MIC. However, this is not true so
that they are in a file called SORT.TEC. If BLDSRT.CTL is SUBMITTED
and the file SORT.TEC exists then BLDSRT runs TECO to modify SORT.CTL
by the contents of SORT.TEC to produce a new control file SORT.CTM
which it then SUBMITs, otherwise it just SUBMITs SORT.CTL. The user
should examine the file SORT.TEC and make appropriate changes.
To generate stand-alone SORT, load all of the SORT-SOURCE save set and
SORT.CTL and SORT.CMD from the appropriate SORT-K*-BUILD save set into
your directory, modify SORT.TEC and type:
SUBMIT BLDSRT
If LIBOL.REL, FTDEFS.UNV and METUNV.UNV are in your directory, a
COBOL-68 SORT will be built and inserted into LIBOL.REL.
If C74LIB.REL, FTDEFS.UNV and METUNV.UNV are in your directory, a
COBOL-74 SORT will be built and inserted into C74LIB.REL.
If FORLIB.REL is in your directory, a FORTRAN SORT will be built and
inserted into FORLIB.REL.
To build only a COBOL-68 SORT type:
SUBMIT SORT/TIME:0:20:00/TAG:COBOL
To build only a COBOL-74 SORT type:
SRT4C.DOC Page 7
SUBMIT SORT/TIME:0:20:00/TAG:CBL74
To build only a FORTRAN SORT type:
SUBMIT SORT/TIME:0:20:00/TAG:FORTRA
To build only a Virtual memory FORTRAN SORT type:
SUBMIT SORT/TIME:0:20:00/TAG:FSORT
The following table contains the assembly switches, their default
value, location and intended use.
Assembly Default Defined Use when Switch has
Switch Value in module a non-zero value
------------------------------------------------------------------
FTOPS20 0 SRTPRM Build SORT for a DECSYSTEM-20
FTKL10 0 SRTPRM Use KL instructions (BIS etc.)
FTKI10 0 SRTPRM Use KI instructions (DMOVE etc.)
FTDEBUG 0 SRTPRM Debugging aids and additional info
FTCOBOL 1 SRTCBL Build SORT for COBOL
FTFORTRAN 0 SRTCBL Building COBOL, so turn off FORTRAN
FTFORTRAN 1 SRTFOR Build SORT for FORTRAN
FTCOBOL 0 SRTFOR Building FORTRAN, so turn off COBOL
FTVM 0 SRTPRM Build a Virtual Memory SORT for
FORTRAN
SRT4C.DOC Page 8
5.0 INTERNAL CHANGES
The sources of SORT consist of:
SRTVER.MAC An optional file containing feature test switch settings.
SRTPRM.MAC The common parameter definitions
SRTSTA.MAC The common stand-alone code
SRTSCN.MAC The interface to SCAN
SRTUUO.MAC DECsystem-10 specific code
SRTCMP.MAC The comparison generator
SRTFLT.MAC The floating point code
SORT.MAC The common algorithms
In addition the COBOL SORT has:
SRTCBL.MAC The interface for COBOL
and the FORTRAN SORT has:
SRTCER.MAC Standard error message routines.
SRTFOR.MAC The non-V/M FORTRAN interface.
FORSRT.MAC The FORTRAN interface to the V/M FSORT.
Several changes have been made to SORT to take advantage of future
releases of the operating systems. Although SORT will run
successfully with all currently supported operating systems, these
changes may have some slight impact on performance and size. The
largest change is edit [C20] which will make it possible for the
stand-alone and FORTRAN SORT to run in a non-zero section with Release
5 of TOPS-20. This change was mostly to clean up the left half of
index registers, however it is a rather large patch. Other changes
were to TOPS-10 specific code to take advantage of extended channels
in 7.01, and big disk buffers in 7.02.
The following edits were made to SORT as a result of bugs found:
436 Official edit number for edit CCC of version 4B.
437 Fix TOPS-20 bug with SIXBIT unblocked files, SRTJFO and SRTCCF
errors.
440 Fix fixed EBCDIC with odd number of bytes in file.
441 Fix reformatted buffer pool memory allocation.
442 Fix problem with EBCDIC record descriptor word corruption.
443 Eliminate sequence number overflow warning (%SRTSNO) and
associated instability.
444 Fix a TOPS-20 bug in which SOUT garbages output containing nulls.
445 Fix a TOPS-10 bug caused by not clearing .RBALC in ENTER block.
446 Fix a bug which garbaged COMP-3 key extraction.
SRT4C.DOC Page 9
447 Fix the /NOCREATE bit in TOPS-10 GENSTR routine.
450 Allow explicit ALPHANUMERIC keys with EBCDIC.
451 Not required in SORT 4C (part of edit C18).
452 Not required in SORT 4C.
453 Make TOPS-20 HELP command look in HLP: instead of SYS:.
454 On TOPS-20 don't clear MRGSW (in CLRANS) after setting it.
455 Save T4 in ERRRTI (see also C28).
456 Not required in SORT 4C.
457 Allow TOPS-20 SORT to CONTINUE after "?QUOTA EXCEEDED OR DISK
FULL" message.
460 Build the collating table (COLBUF) correctly for SIXBIT files when
the user specifies his own collating sequence.
461 Correct the calculation of MINKEY when there are extracted keys.
462 First character of a collating sequence specified in a file is
lost.
463 On TOPS-20 close the TAKE and LOG files when SORT exits if a TAKE
file was being processed.
464 On TOPS-20 fix edit 457 to put out "$" before the error message
for batch.
Also fix the continue after PMAP failure so that pages are
not lost.
465 On TOPS-20 fix the calculation of the number of bytes written to
the output file.
466 Not required in SORT 4C.
467 Allow the space character to be specified using the quote facility
in an alternate collating sequence file.
C01 The magnetic tape switches /PARITY, /DENSITY, and /INDUSTRY were
scanned, but never used on TOPS-20. This meant that EBCDIC
magnetic tapes were not read or written in a way compatible with
COBOL. Changes were made to SORT-10/20 to utilize these switch
values in a similar manner to the /REWIND and /UNLOAD switches.
C02 The fastest (least CPU and elapsed time) technique for doing I/O
to magnetic tapes on TOPS-20 is the DUMPI/DUMPO JSYS's. To
properly use these JSYS's, double buffered, non-blocking I/O is
required. This is more complicated than the normal SINR/SOUTR
JSYS's, because it is the responsibility on the user program to
keep track of which buffer is being filled and which buffer is
SRT4C.DOC Page 10
being emptied. SORT-20 was not doing this properly.
C03 The processing of End-Of-File on magnetic tape was not being done
correctly. On input, the last block was causing errors on
TOPS-20, and on output, the last block contained junk at the end
for both TOPS-10 and TOPS-20.
C04 File names typed in lower case were not being converted to SIXBIT
magnetic tape labels properly.
C05 Since magnetic tape buffers are often larger than a page, under
certain conditions when SORT-20 went to open the output file,
there was not enough room left. The default MEMORY allocation
subroutines were corrected for this oversight.
C06 Many problems existed with magnetic tape blocking factors:
EBCDIC requires an 8-bit byte on magnetic tape and a 9-bit byte
everywhere else. SORT-20 was just totally ignoring this fact.
The record and block header words for variable length EBCDIC were
not taken into account when calculating block sizes.
The test to suppress padding between blocks for the first block
was faulty.
Various other small bugs existed in these areas.
C07 The code to deal with magnetic tape End-Of-Tape processing did
not work under all circumstances. Also, when reading back a
multi-tape file, the reel numbers were not checked properly
causing erroneous error messages.
C08 The code to deal with labeling of magnetic tapes did not work
except under rare situations on TOPS-20. There were numerous
problems:
Dumping the last buffer, writing EOF marks, writing labels, and
closing the files were not accomplished in the correct order.
The code to deal with short buffers did not work at all.
Also, when a EOF is read or written, the DUMPI/DUMPO JSYS's are
re-synchronized with the buffers. This was not handled
correctly.
C09 Since COBOL defaults /BLOCKED:1 and /INDUSTRY for EBCDIC magnetic
tapes, SORT-10/20 needed this feature also.
C10 SORT-20 sometimes created a TAKE command log file and sometimes
did not, when no log file specification was made. SORT-20 was
corrected to never write a TAKE command log file unless one is
explicitly requested.
C11 To allow merges on multiple files from a single magnetic tape, a
/POSITION switch was implemented. The /REWIND switch used in
conjunction with the /POSITION switch allows for absolute file
addressing.
C12 Since magnetic tape auto-labeling was comming to TOPS-20 (in
Release 4), support for this new TOPS-20 feature would be
required. SORT-10 already supported auto-labeled magnetic tapes.
SRT4C.DOC Page 11
However, there are three levels of auto-labeling on TOPS-20:
A system without auto-labeling
An unlabeled tape on an auto-labeling system
A labeled tape on an auto-labeling system.
C13 FOROTS version 6 will be released in the near future. This new
version of FOROTS works significantly differently from version 5.
The stand-alone version of SORT-10/20 merged FOROTS into its
memory and used FOROTS for floating point number interpretation.
This tied SORT and FORTRAN together. However, the techniques
used to initialize FOROTS will no longer work for the new version
of FOROTS. Furthermore, when SORT is called from a FORTRAN
program, SORT-10/20 uses the FOROTS memory management subroutines
to allocate and deallocate memory. These subroutines allocate
memory in a very different manner in the new version of FOROTS.
FOROTS used to allocate new memory at .JBFF. This meant that a
block of memory allocated by FOROTS could be expanded if no new
memory was allocated after it. However, in the new version of
FOROTS, memory is allocated just below the high segment of
FOROTS. The last block of memory can no longer be expanded.
These major revisions to FOROTS require major revisions to
SORT-10/20.
First, the FLIRT subroutine in FOROTS which interprets floating
point numbers was rewritten to become part of SORT-10/20.
Second, many changes were made to redesign SORT's memory
management. This redesign cleaned up many potential problems in
SORT-10/20. The following restrictions were strictly adhered to.
All memory management is done by two routines. No references to
the Job Data Area are allowed except for defaulting the memory
usage in the standalone versions of SORT-10/20 and in these
memory management subroutines. FOROTS and LIBOL are called by
these memory management subroutines for the FORTRAN and COBOL
versions of SORT-10/20.
C14 In the past MACRO-10/20 had been unable to handle negative
relocations properly. To circumvent this problem, inefficient
code was written in SORT-10. Since this restriction was been
eliminated in MACRO, the code in SORT-10 was corrected.
C15 The code in SORT-10 used to determine which structures should be
used by default for temporary files did not work properly.
SORT-10 attempted to used write-locked and create-locked
structures.
C16 In SORT-20 the ALPHANUMERIC key modifier for EBCDIC was being
rejected, even though, if no modifier was specified, ALPHANUMERIC
was assumed.
C17 Blocked DSK files were hastily added to SORT-20. The logic
behind the code had many holes. This code needed to be
rewritten.
C18 In version 7.02 of TOPS-10 a new feature is being added which
will allow disk buffers to be larger than one disk block.
Initial tests indicate that SORT-10 can be made to run in a
SRT4C.DOC Page 12
smaller elapsed time if this new feature is utilized.
C19 TOPS-10 7.01 allows a user program to have more than 16 I/O
channels, however they can only be used by the FILOP. UUO. As
much code as possible is being converted now to use the 6.03A
supported functions. The release of SORT-10 after 6.03A is no
longer supported will use 26 extended channels for the
intermediate files. This should improve COBOL SORT time and free
some channels for the COBOL program.
C20 Clean up code to allow SORT to run in a non-zero memory section in
the future.
C21 Fix memory reallocation bug in SORT-10.
C22 Fix problem with unlabeled magnetic tapes through MOUNTR in
SORT-20.
C23 Fix problem with determining high segment size in SORT-10.
C24 Fix problem with Physical Limit 0 in SORT-10.
C25 Add Support for new PULSAR label types in SORT-10.
C26 Fix bug concerning .TMP files and no UFDs in SORT-10.
C27 Renamed to edit 444.
C28 Fix record truncation on input destroying ACs.
C29 Fix default memory for SORT-10 on KI's and KL's
N01 Some minor code bumming.
N02 Give error message if not enought input files for MERGE.
N03 Change the .LINK pseudo-op number to avoid conflict with COBOL-74
/R.
N04 Fix COBOL SORT on KA-10 to assemble correctly again.
N05 Give file not found message as early as possible to avoid
unnecessary memory expansion.
N06 Reset CORSTK if an error occurs in SCAN (TOPS-10 only).
N07 Fix edit C29 to work for COBOL SORT (TOPS-10 only).
N08 More fixes to DEFCOR to account for VMDDT and V/M limits (TOPS-10
only).
N09 Fix calculation of number of temp files on TOPS-10. This was
wrong if an internal merge was required.
N10 Delete FTCOL feature test switch, the code is always generated.
SRT4C.DOC Page 13
N11 Add switches NOCRLF, AFTER, and BEFORE.
N12 If TOPS-10 7-series monitor use FILOP.s for all I/O operations.
N13 On TOPS-20 don't turn on page creation interupt if RMS turned it
off.
N14 On TOPS-10 bypass protection check if job is [1,2] or JACCT.
N15 Fix read from NUL: device on TOPS-20.
N16 Fix bug with very large keys using more than FTEXSX space.
N17 Use extended channels if TOPS-10 7.01.
N18 Fix bad sort for SIXBIT key /K:n:3 where n is a multiple of 6.
N19 Return /ERROR-CODE in 3 ASCII characters rather than 6 SIXBIT
ones.
N20 On TOPS-10 increase number of temp files to 26 if extended
channels available.
N21 On TOPS-10 put segmentation back the way it was, put new code
under FTVM conditional.
N22 On TOPS-10 fix default core allocation "off by one" bug causing
not enough core error.
N23 Make SORT with double precision COMP keys work again.
N24 Make FILOP. DELETE work in both 7.01 and 7.02 (problem with
FO.UOC bit).
N25 Allow either " or ' to delimit quoted characters in literal
collating sequence.
N26 On TOPS-20 fix bug with multiple input files on magtape.
N27 Fix memory allocation in SORT for very large FORTRAN programs.
The following edits were mode to FORSRT.MAC:
5 Clean up code to allow SORT to run in a non-zero memory section on
TOPS20.
6 More non-zero section code for TOPS-20.
6.0 SUGGESTIONS
SRT4C.DOC Page 14
None.
[End of SRT4C.DOC]