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DN92.MEM
The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a comitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for and errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such
license.
Copyright (C) 1977,1978 by Digital Equipment Corporation
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
DIGITAL DECsystem-10 MASSBUS
DEC DECtape OMNIBUS
PDP DIBOL OS/8
DECUS EDUSYSTEM PHA
UNIBUS FLIP CHIP RSTS
COMPUTER LABS FOCAL RSX
COMTEX INDAC TYPESET-8
DDT LAB-8 TYPESET-11
DECCOMM DECSYSTEM-20 TMS-11
ASSIST-11 RTS-8 ITPS-10
DN92.MEM Page 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this document is to outline the various parts of the
DC72NP coding which were modified to develop the DN92. Parts of the
document are probably disjointed giving too much or too little detail
on the various changes that were made. However, it might be
beneficial to have this generalized outline when looking at the DN92
source file. This document contains the DDCMP and NCL message
protocols. It briefly outlines the methods used to implement SET
HOST, STATION CONTROL messages, and modem support. Since The DN92
Installation Guide describes the ROM'S operating procedures, the ROM
loader is not discussed in this document.
1.1 DN92 Components
The DN92 is based on a PDP8A processor with 16K core. It has a VT52
as a console terminal, one synchronous line, and 1K ROM for downline
loading. OPTIONS INCLUDE: one line printer, (either an LP05 300LPM
printer or an LA180), a card reader, and a maximum of 16 TTY'S. The
asynchronous lines on the DN92 are driven by the KL8A multiplexor
which drives 4 TTY lines per module. This module also provides modem
support for the TTY lines. One TTY line per KL8A module provides full
modem support, and the other 3 TTY lines provide partial modem
support. The DN92 also provides a driver for the LA180 printer using
the parallel interface on the PDP8A DKC8-AA I/O option board.
2.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE DN92
The DN92 was developed to replace the DC72NP remote station. The DN92
is based on the DC72NP software and is still a sequential node in the
network. It assumes its NCL messages are sent to it in proper
sequential order and does not ACK, NAK, or REP NCL messages. However,
the DN92 has implemented NCL CONNECT messages and the SET HOST
command. If a TTY line gets disconnected from a host, it will try to
connect to some host when input is received on the line. The DN92 has
implemented station control messages so locations in a running node
can be monitored using DDT92. It has a 1K ROM which in conjunction
with NETLDR allows the station to be downline loaded. The DN92 also
has the following features:
-Local dump to line printer or console included in system
software (Starting Address 201)
-Station Control messages implemented in system software so DDT92
can be used to monitor a running DN92 station
-SET TTY WIDTH implemented
-SET HOST implemented
-Downline loading ROM
DN92.MEM Page 3
3.0 KNOWN BUGS AND DEFICIENCIES
Image and ASCII mode on TTY lines are not working properly. The
problem occurs when the two modes are alternating frequently in a data
stream.
3.1 Core Utilization and Buffering
The synchronous line in the DN92 is set up to receive in field 2 and
to transmit from field 1. The buffer area is divided into a linked
list of 8-12 bit word chunks and is located in field 2. The original
DC72NP code assumed all data, DDB tables, and chunks resided in the
same field (usually field 1). In order to increase the number of
chunks available for buffering data, the DN92 moved its chunk field to
field 2. The synchronous line's receive field was also moved to field
2. The synchronous line's transmitter buffers were left in field 1 as
well as the DDB table, literal strings, line printer VFU table, card
reader table, and CRC constant table. The instruction which sets the
data field to field 2 is "RCKFLD"(RECEIVE AND CHUNK FIELD). The
instruction which sets the data field to field 1 is
"TABFLD"(TRANSMITTER AND TABLE FIELD). All the transmitter logic i.e.
the code to format a message to be transmitted over the synchronous
line is now located in field 1. It is all the code which is called by
"XSTART" and is executed whenever the synchronous line is idle. Due
to the addressing structure of the PDP8 CPU, the easiest way to
transpose these instructions from field 0 where they resided in the
DC72NP code to field 1 was to duplicate or use field 0's page 0
symbols. The PAL10 assembler does not differentiate between field 0
and field 1 addresses. Therefore, field 1 page 0 is left blank in the
listing. However, all the instructions in field 1 use the TEMP area
in the same way as the instructions in field 0. For example, "TEMP1"
is a location both in page 0 of field 0 and field 1. When the code in
field 1 actually needs a value stored in a location in field 0 which
is not a temporary value, it changes its data field to field 0 and
uses indirect addressing via a page 0 literal to get the needed value.
It then changes back to the default data field 1.
4.0 NCL PHILOSOPHY
The DN92 is a sequential node in the network. There is only one path
from it to the network. Its synchronous line must be connected to a
PDP11 based DC75NP, DAS85, DN87, OR DN87S front end; or a DAS80
series remote station. The PDP11 based node is a non-sequential node
and insures that the DN92 receives its NCL messages in proper
sequential order. The DN92 assumes that its NCL numbering is correct
and doesn't keep track of the NCL message numbers. It inserts fill
characters (0) in the NCL header and lets the PDP11-based node put the
proper numbers into the NCL header. The DN92 does not issue NCL-ACK,
NCL-NAK, OR NCL-REP messages. Unlike the DC72NP, it does issue
NCL-CONNECTS, NCL-REQUEST CONFIGURATIONS, and NCL-STATION CONTROL
messages.
DN92.MEM Page 4
5.0 NCL DDCMP PROTOCOL MESSAGE FORMAT
The following two sections define the DDCMP and NCL message formats.
5.1 DDCMP Messages (all but DATA are preceded by synchronization
sequence.)
DATA -- SOH CC1 CC2 MSG# NMSG A0 BCC1 n*DATA BCC2
ACK -- ENQ <001> FILL MSG# FILL A0 BCC1
NAK -- ENQ <002> RNAK MSG# FILL A0 BCC1
REP -- ENQ <003> FILL FILL NLST A0 BCC1
RESET* -- ENQ <004> FILL FILL NNXT A0 BCC1
RESACK* -- ENQ <005> FILL NEXP FILL A0 BCC1
STRT -- ENQ <006> FILL FILL NBEG A0 BCC1
STACK -- ENQ <007> FILL NREC NXMT A0 BCC1
BOOT -- DLE CC1 CC2 <000> <000> A0 BCC1 BOOTDATA BCC2
"n" =the number of data bytes, a 16-bit quantity made up of CC1
and CC2.
A0 =1 (Station number; always one for point to point.)
ADDR=4 byte field containing the address for the core-image data
being loaded or dumped.
BCC1=16 bits of BCC computed on the first 6 bytes of the message.
BCC2=16 bits of the BCC computed on the "n" data bytes.
BNUM=2 byte field containing number of bytes to be dumped.
CC1 =the low order 8 bits of the character count of the data
portion.
CC2 =the high order 8 bits of the character count of the data
portion. The two high order bits of this byte are really
flags for the multi-point case, but will always be zero for
the point-to-point case.
DLE =220 (This is the starting character for station
management messages.)
ENQ =005 (This is the starting character for control
messages.)
FILL=0 (Filler; is checked and must be zero.)
IDAT="n" bytes of image data, which the station will put at the
address contained in ADDR.
MSG#=number of the last good message received (implies ACK of all
lower numbered messages).
NBEG=first message number this station will transmit after
startup is completed.
NEXP=message number expected to be sent next(usually NNXT field
of REP message).
NLST=number of last transmitted data message.
NMSG=the number of this message.
NNXT=next numbered message to be transmitted (i.e. lowest message
that has not been acked).
NREC=next message number for reception (usually NBEG field of the
STRT message).
RNAK=Reason for negative acknowledgement:
1=Header BCC incorrect
2=Data BCC incorrect
DN92.MEM Page 5
3=The last REP message received indicates we lost one or
more messages.
10=Buffer space temporarily unavailable
11=Receive overrrun (data lost)
20=Data message is too long
21=Header format error (e.g. non-zero fill)
SNAM=software system defined data identifying which program to
load.
SNUM=a sequential numbering of successive boot messages.
SOH =201 (This is the starting character for data messages.)
BOOTDATA will be one of the following formats:
BOOT SNA <000>
EXAMINE SNA <001> <adr1> <adr2>
DEPOSIT SNA <002> <adr1> <data>
GO TO SNA <003> <adr>
CLEAR SNA <004> <adr1> <adr2>
DEBUG SNA <005>
ACCEPT DNA <011> <adr>
EXAMINE DATA DNA <012> <adr> <data>
REJECT DNA <013>
REQUEST BOOT DNA <014> <type> <serial> <description>
REQUEST LOAD DNA <015> <type> <serial> <description>
DESCRIPTION=extensible Ascii; text which describes program to be
loaded, usually a file description.
DNA=extensible binary, node number the bootstrap message should
be routed to. Zero means default.
SERIAL=extensible binary; the serial number for the node being
booted.
SNA=extensible binary; the node number of the station which
originated the bootstrap message.
type=extensible binary; code for the type of node requesting
load:
1=DC71 (PDP8I with DP01).
2=DC72 (PDP8E with DP8E).
3= (PDP11/40 with DU11).
4=DAS82 (PDP11/40 with DQ11).
5.2 NCL Formats
unnumbered control -- NCT DNA SNA NCA NCN OPD
numbered control -- NCT DNA SNA NCA NCN 0 CM
DATA -- NCT DNA SNA NCA NCN DLA DEVCTL
DEVCTL=device control. (see 04.3)
DLA=destination message link address, i.e. the index into the
node's connection database. Extensible binary field,
maximum of 12 bits, zero is illegal.
DNA=destination NNM
NCA=Network Control Ack; last network message received ok.
NCN=Network Control message Number. One byte binary field.
NCT=network control message type and flags, extensible field.
bits 0-2=type field
0=data message
DN92.MEM Page 6
1=ack.
2=nak.
3=rep.
4=start. OPD is NNM SNM SID.
5=stack. OPD is NNM SNM SID.
6=node id. OPD is NNM SNM SID.
bit 3=SNA and DNA present.
bit 4=trace
bit 5=interrupt msg(i.e. don't adjust data request count)
bit 6=Non-sequential node.
bit 7=extensible bit
NNM=node name, a binary extensible field, maximum of 12 bits,
identifying node. Zero means next node over synchronous
line.
OPD=optional data.
SID=software identification, extensible ASCII with two subfields:
1) name and version of operating system and DEMOS software,
2) creation date.
SNA=source NNM.
SNM=station name is an extensible ASCII field.
CM = one of the following:
CONNECT -- CNT <001> DLA SLA DPN SPN MML FEA
DISCONNECT -- CNT <002> DLA SLA RSN
NEIGHBOURS -- CNT <003> (NNM LVL)
REQ CONFIG -- CNT <004>
CONFIGURATION -- CNT <005> (OBJ NDV PID)
DATA REQUEST -- CNT <006> DLA DRQ
STATION CONTROL -- CNT <007> STC
CNT=count of remaining bytes in message.
DCM=data code and mode:
b0=ASCII
b1=EBCDIC
b2=Image
b3=Hollerith(CDR only)
b4=DEC image (CDR only)
b5=reserved
b6=compressed format
DLA= (defined above).
DPN=destination PN.
DVT=device specific attributes:
=attributes for card reader:
c1,b0+b1=speed
0=don't care
1=300
2=between 300 and 600
3=>600)
,b2=mark sense
,b3=hdw EOF required
,b4=suppress EOF card detection
=attributes for line printer:
c1,b0+b1=speed(see DCD)
,b2=lower case req
DN92.MEM Page 7
,b3=remov. char set req
,b4=multi-part paper req
,b5=12 chan skipping req
,b7=1
c2,b0+b1=skip requirements
0=don't care
1=changeable from handler
2=changeable at site
3=changeable but don't care how
,b2=req overprint
,b3+b4=6/8 lines/inch
,b5=changeable form width
=attributes for teletypes:
c1,b0=modem control
,b1=auto-baud
,b2=handler can set baud rates
,b3=2741
,b4=baudot
,b5=auto dial line.
FEA=features: DCM+RLN+DVT
LVL=link value is a one-byte binary value used to determine the
perferred path. (Preferred path is that whose sum of link
values is lowest.)
MML=maximum NCL message length for connection, including NCL
header, but not including DDCMP.
OBJ=object type for process:
0=tty handler
1=tty
2=card reader
3=line printer
4=paper tape reader
5=paper tape punch
6=plotter
7=magnetic tape
10=dectape
11=task (job)
12=rdx, data entry terminal.
200-377=reserved
OPD=optional data (extensible characters).
PID=process identification. For devices this is an extensible
binary field, 177 means default choice, 0 - n means unit #.
For tasks this is a single extensible ASCII string usually
name and qualifier (e.g. UIC or PPN).
PN =process name, having 2 parts: 1) OBJ, 2) PID.
RSN=reason
0=normal disconnection
1=object type not available
2=too many connects to node
3=too many connects to process
4=process does not exist at this node
10=reassign, next ext field is dest node number
SLA=source message link address. Extensible binary field,
maximum of 12 bits, zero is illegal.
SPN=source PN.
STC=station control.
DN92.MEM Page 8
6.0 SET HOST IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 NEITAB
In order to implement SET HOST the DN92 had to set up a table called
NEITAB to save the nodes in the network and to indicate which ones had
an MCR handler. It adds entries to this table when a REQUEST
CONFIGURATION message is received and the node is not currently found
in the table. If the node is added to the table two bits are set;
(1) 400 to issue a CONFIGURATION message, and (2) 4000 to issue a
REQUEST CONFIGURATION. If the node is already in the table only the
configuration bit (400) is set. Deletions are made from the table
when a NEIGHBORS message is received and the node is no longer found
in the current neighbor's message. If a CONFIGURATION message is
received, the bit to issue a REQUEST CONFIGURATION (4000)is set off.
Bit (1000) is set if the node has an MCR handler. When a REQUEST
CONFIGURATION message is sent the 4000 bit is set off. Also, when the
CONFIGURATION message is sent, the 400 bit is set off.
6.2 CONNECT, DISCONNECT, AND OTHER MESSAGE IMPLEMENTATION FOR SET
HOST
6.2.1 DISCONNECT
When the DN92 receives a DISCONNECT message it checks for a reason of
10 i.e. to see if SET HOST is the reason for the disconnect. If the
reason is 10 the DN92 gets the node number to which it is to issue a
connect and places it in the TTY line's DDB table entry called DEVRCN.
It sets the connect bit (2000) off in the DEVSTS entry and sets the
disconnect confirm bit (1000) on in DEVSTS. If the reason is not 10
and the entry at DEVRCN is 0, a disconnect was caused by some other
reason (This should never happen on a tty line!!) In any event, the
code frees the connect table entries (i.e. 0 to CTRLTB, RCVKRD to
RCVDSP table, and connect bit 2000 off in DEVSTS, 1000 bit on to issue
confirmation). If a DISCONNECT message is received and DEVRCN is
nonzero, the code assumes the CONNECT issued to that node failed and
the next entry in the NEITAB which has an MCR is stored in the DEVRCN
entry. The connect bit and the confirmation bit (1000) are set on.
6.2.2 CONNECT
If a DN92 receives a CONNECT message with a DLA which is nonzero, it
assumes that it is a CONNECT CONFIRM. It uses the DLA as a
displacement into its SLATAB. The next word in the message is the
displacement into the 10's tables. It saves this value at the SLATAB
table entry. It calculates the address of the DEVSTS for the
connection, sets the connect bit (2000) on, accept bit off (1000), and
need to send status bit on (1). The DATA REQUESTS are zeroed, the
DDCMP status word is zeroed, and the DEVRCN is zeroed.
DN92.MEM Page 9
6.2.3 TTY INPUT ON DISCONNECTED TTY
If DEVRCN is zero the DN92 will type "TTY NOT CONNECTED" and try to
find an MCR handler in the NEITAB. The node number found in the
NEITAB is stored at DEVRCN. The connect confirm bits (3000) are set
in DEVSTS so the transmit logic will issue a CONNECT. If DEVRCN is
nonzero, it assumes a CONNECT has been issued to the node in DEVRCN
and is waiting for a CONNECT CONFIRM. In this case, it simply types
"TTY NOT CONNECTED".
6.2.4 ISSUING CONNECTS AND CONFIRMS
If the disconnect confirm bits (1000) are set, the DN92 issues the
DISCONNECT CONFIRM. If the DEVRCN entry is nonzero, it sets the
connect confirm bits on (3000) so a connect will be issued on the next
pass.
If the status bits are set for a CONNECT CONFIRM (3000) the software
checks for DEVRCN = 0. If DEVRCN is zero the DN92 issues a CONNECT
CONFIRM as was done in the DC72NP. However, if DEVRCN is nonzero, it
means a CONNECT is to be issued to the node number found in DEVRCN.
First the entry at DEVRNN is checked to see if the line is restricted.
If the line is restricted the DN92 will only issue a CONNECT to the
restricted node number. The DN92 then checks to be sure the link to
the connect tables in the DN92 is set up correctly. After
establishing a proper entry into the connect tables, it zeroes the SLA
table entry, stores RCVTTY into the RCVDSP table, and stores the the
link to the connect tables at the CTRLTB table entry. A check is made
to see if the DEVRCN entry is still in the NEITAB. If it is no longer
in the table, a zero is stored at DEVRCN and RCVKRD is stored in the
RCVDSP table entry. The 3000 bits are set off in the DEVSTS word and
no CONNECT message is sent. If the DEVRCN entry is found in the
NEITAB, a CONNECT message is set up to be transmitted.
7.0 MODEM SUPPORT
To implement modem support on the DN92, two status bits had to be
added to the DEVDDC word. Since the PDP8 has a 12 bit word size and
the 12 bits used were already defined, two extra bits were added to
the DDCMP status and stored in the DEVDSL entry in the DDB. The 100
bit is CARRIER/RING status and the 40 bit is DATA TERMINAL READY.
Since 3 of the lines on the KL8A module have hardware DTR always high,
it was decided to answer the phone locally on line 3 by asserting the
DTR when a ring occurs. The ring is set on in the DDCMP status and
sent to the host. The host should then respond with the DTR on in the
DDCMP status word. Once every second the DN92 checks all data set
lines (DEVDSL entry has 4000 bit on) to see if the CARRIER is OK. If
the CARRIER goes away for six seconds, a status message is sent to the
host with the CARRIER status bit off and on line 3 the hardware DTR is
set off. Once per second logic is also used to turn the software
CARRIER bit on when the hardware CARRIER bit first comes on.
DN92.MEM Page 10
8.0 STATION CONTROL MESSAGES
The DN92 has implemented EXAM, DEPOSIT, and GOTO station control
messages. A table (BTTAB) was set up to allow five station control
messages to be queued. However, only one GOTO can be queued. If the
DN92 receives multiple GOTO'S, it will reject them until the first one
is completely processed. Each entry in this table consists of 6
words. The first word is the node number who initiated the message.
The second word is the message type to be sent as a response. The
next four words are the beginning and ending addresses. The field
specification of the address is stored as the software instruction to
set the data to the specified field N (i.e. 6201 + N0). The station
control messages are scheduled to be processed on the transmitter side
after CONFIGURATION and REQUEST CONFIGURATION messages. When an
accept message is built in the tranmit buffer in response to a GOTO
message, a flag has to be set so the actual change in the program
counter can be made after the transmission. This flag is set in two
stages. When the accept message is built in the transmit buffer the
high order bit of the first word in the message is set on (ie 4201).
When SNDMSG is called, it checks the high order bit of the first word
of the message. If it finds it on, it bumps a field 0 page 0 flag
GFLG. The message is sent at interrupt level. After a numbered
message is transmitted, the interrupt level code checks GFLG to see if
it is nonzero. If GFLG is nonzero it transfers control to the address
stored in the GTTAB table.
9.0 ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS ON THE DN92
Various documents pertaining to the DN92 or its hardware components
are available and are listed below:
1. PDP8A MINIPROCESSOR HANDBOOK
2. PDP8A MINIPROCESSOR USER'S MANUAL
3. KL8-A USERS MANUAL
4. DP8E,8F,8M MAINTENANCE MANUAL VOL 3
5. DECSYSTEM10 ANF-10 ADVANCED NETWORK FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMER'S
GUIDE AND REFERENCE MANUAL
6. NETLDR.RND FILE
7. PAL10.RNO FILE
8. DC72CK.RNO FILE
9. DC72NP.RND FILE
DN92.MEM Page 11
10. DAS82.RNO FILE
11. DN92.RND (THIS FILE)
12. DN92.SIG (INSTALLATION GUIDE)
[End of DN92.MEM]