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DC72 Cookbook
Doc # 100-120-022-00
Date: 30-Jul-75
File: DC72CK.RNO
Edition: 2
COPYRIGHT 1973, 1974, 1975, DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP., MAYNARD, MASS.
This document reflects the software as of version 11 for the DECSYNC
DC72, and version 0 for the network DC72NP.
This software is furnished to the purchaser under a license for use on
a single computer system and can be copied (with inclusion of DEC's
copyright notice) only for use in such system, except as may otherwise
be provided in writing by DEC.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation.
Actual distribution of the software described in this specification
will be subject to terms and conditions to be announced at some future
date by Digital Equipment Corporation.
DEC assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its
software on equipment which is not supplied by DEC.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 2
CONTENTS
1.0 System Description
1.1 Hardware Description
1.1.1 DC72
1.1.1.1 DC72A
1.1.1.2 DC72B
1.1.1.3 DC72C
1.1.1.4 DC72L
1.1.2 DC71
1.1.3 DC75
1.1.4 DS10
1.2 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 DC72
1.2.2 Synchronous Front End 2.0 Installation Hints
2.1 DP8E Diagnostic
2.2 DP8E ECO's
2.3 Line Printer Carriage Control
3.0 Building Station Software
3.1 Assembling Station Software
3.1.1 Making a Configuration File - C.PAL
3.1.2 Running PAL10
3.1.3 Listing the DC72(DC71) Software
3.2 Punching a Binary Card Deck or Paper Tape
3.2.1 Punching a Binary Card Deck
3.2.2 Punching a Binary Paper Tape
4.0 System Operation
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 3
FOREWORD
This document provides detailed technical information concerning DC72
and DC71 Remote Stations. It describes two distinct software systems
that run on the same hardware, namely the DC72 DECSYNC software (which
runs with monitors prior to and including 5.07/6.01) and the DC72NP
network software, which runs with DECNET-10. This document will
continue to refer to the hardware as a DC72 (or DC71) without
qualification, whereas it will carefully distinguish the software,
either by explicitly naming the DC72NP when the newer network software
is meant, or by using the qualifiers DECSYNC and "network" to refer to
the older and newer protocols respectively.
It is assumed the reader is familiar with computer concepts in general
and timesharing utilization of the DECsystem-10. The DECsystem-10
Users Handbook is a good introduction.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 4
1.0 System Description
1.0 System Description
1.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
1.1.1 DC72
1.1.1.1 DC72A - A DC72A includes a PDP-8/E computer with 8192 12-bit
words of core memory, a ROM, a line-frequency clock, a 300 cpm card
reader, and a light duty printer. The printer will print full 132
column lines up to 53 lines/minute.
1.1.1.2 DC72B - A DC72B includes a PDP-8/E computer with 8192 12-bit
words of core memory, a ROM, a line-frequency clock, a 300 cpm card
reader, and a 64-character set printer. The printer will print full
132 column lines up to 245 lines/minute.
1.1.1.3 DC72C - A DC72C includes a PDP-8/E computer with 8192 12-bit
words of core memory, a ROM, a line-frequency clock, a 300 cpm card
reader, and a 96-character set printer. The printer will print full
132 column lines up to 173 lines/minute.
1.1.1.4 DC72L - Up to two DC72L's may be installed on each DC72. A
DC72L provides interfacing for up to 8 full-duplex teletype compatible
terminals operating at 110, 150, 300, 1200/150, or 2400/150 baud.
1.1.2 DC71.
A DC71 includes a PDP-8/I computer with 8192 or more words of core
memory, a line frequency clock, a 300 cpm card reader, a line printer,
and optionally up to 16 DC02F teletype lines.
1.1.3 DC75.
A DC75 includes a PDP11 computer with at least 4096 16-bit words of
memory, a linefrequency clock, a DS11 multiple line synchronous
interface, and a DL10 with DL10C.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 5
1.0 System Description
1.1.4 DS10.
A DS10 is a single line synchronous interface to the PDP-10 I/O bus.
It is used only with DECSYNC remote stations, and hence only with
monitor 5.07/6.01 or earlier.
1.2 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 DC72
There are two sets of software which run in the DC72 and DC71
hardware. They are distinguished by the protocol they use in
communicating with the DECsystem-10. The older one uses the DECSYNC
protocol, and runs with the DECSYNC version of the DC75. The newer
one is a part of DECNET-10, and runs with either a DC75NP or a DN85.
The NP stands for new protocol, and refers to the use of DDCMP, NCS
and Device Control.
1.2.2 Synchronous Front End
The two versions of the DC72 code mentioned in the last paragraph
require different synchronous front ends -- the DECSYNC DC72 requires
a DC75 whereas the new protocol DC72NP requires either a DC75 running
new protocol software (known as the DC75NP) or a DN85.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 6
2.0 Installation Hints
2.0 INSTALLATION HINTS
2.1 DP8E DIAGNOSTIC
When the DP8E (DC72 synchronous line interface) diagnostic is run by
field service(and inplant acceptance) there are jumpers on the DP8E
which must be changed!! Be certain that these jumpers are changed
back when the station software is executed.
2.2 DP8E ECO's
Eco's M866 #9 and M839 #5 for the DP8E prevent the receive half from
adding to the transmit memory. These must be installed for successful
station operation.
2.3 LINE PRINTER CARRIAGE CONTROL
LP02 line printers have a jumper which either enables printing across
the paper fold, or provides automatic skipping to top-of-form after
60(app.) lines. The station software simulates a vertical format
unit(VFU). For proper operation of the VFU simulation the jumper must
be set to enable printing across the paper fold.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 7
3.0 Building Station Software
3.0 Building Station Software
3.1 ASSEMBLING STATION SOFTWARE
The station software is assembled from two source files: 1.) DC72.PAL
(or DC72NP.PAL if new protocol) distributed by DEC 2.) C.PAL a
configuration file created by the installation. PAL10 v142 is used to
assemble the code.
3.1.1 Making a Configuration File - C.PAL
To reassemble the station software an installation must build a
configuration file, C.PAL with TECO. C.PAL will contain a number of
symbol definitions. These symbols control whether code is assembled
for a PDP-8/I or PDP-8/E computer; what devices are present; how
many tty's are present, and what type.
If the binary file is to run on a DC72(PDP-8/E) station include the
line:
PDP8=2
If the binary file is to run on a DC71(PDP-8/I) station include the
line:
PDP8=1
Always include the line:
TTYN=#
where # is the number of tty lines (do not count the CTY) to be
handled by the station program. The number # is octal and is usually
0 or 10 or 20.This number must agree with the value assembled in the
DECsystem-10 monitor if the DC72 is running under DECSYNC..
Carriage widths, fill class, and hardware tabs may be specified for
each tty. A few examples follow:
CTYFIL=2 /CTY IS FILL CLASS 2
CTYTAB=1 /CTY HAS HARDWARE TABS
CTYWID=110 /CTY HAS 72(DECIMAL) COLUMN CARRIAGE
T00TAB=0 /TTY0 DOESN'T HAVE HARDWARE TABS
T00WID=144 /TTY0 HAS 100(DECIMAL) COLUMN CARRIAGE
T00FIL=3 /TTY0 IS FILL CLASS 3
T17TAB=1 /TTY17 HAS HARDWARE TABS
All lines which are not specified will be assumed to have 72(decimal)
column carriages, fill class 1, and tabs will be simulated with
multiple spaces, and line feeds.
If the station is DECSYNC and is to operate with a monitor before
601/507 include the line:
FT507=0
If the station is DECSYNC and is to operate with a 601/507 include the
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 8
3.0 Building Station Software
line:
FT507=1
This affects how control R and control T are echoed from TTY's.
The station name may be changed by including a definition for the
macro DC72ID. For DECSYNC stations, the name is only used in messages
displayed to the console and terminals. In "New Protocol" stations,
the name is the node name of the station, and must be unique within
the network. An example follows:
DEFINE DC72ID <
"T;"E;"S;"T
>
Each character in the name must be preceeded by a double quotation
mark and each character except the last must be followed by a
semicolon.
The "New Protocol" software also requires a unique node number.
Include the line
OURNNM=#
Replace "#" with the octal node number (1-63) you wish to assign to
this remote station.
If the line printer has both upper and lower case characters(e.g.
DC72C) include the line:
FTLPLC=1
An example of how to create a possible DECSYNC configuration file is:
.R TECO
*EWDSK:C.PAL$
IPDP8=2 /ASSEMBLE FOR A PDP-8/E
TTYN=20 /ASSEMBLE 16(DECIMAL) TTYS+CTY
T0TAB=1 /TTY0 HAS HDW TABS
FT507=1 /ASSEMBLE WITH 507 CONTROL R AND T
$EX$$
An example for a network configuration is:
.R TECO
*EWDSK:C.PAL$
IPDP8=1 /ASSEMBLE FOR A PDP-8/I
TTYN=10 /ASSEMBLE 8(DECIMAL) TTYS+CTY
OURNNM=26 /NODE NUMBER IS 26
DEFINE DC72ID <"N;"Y;"C> /NODE NAME IS 'NYC'
$EX$$
3.1.2 Running PAL10
The commands for assembling a DECSYNC remote station are:
.R PAL10
*DSK:PCH.BIN,DSK:DC72.CRF/C/N=DSK:C.PAL,DSK:DC72.PAL
The commands for assembling a DC72NP node are:
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 9
3.0 Building Station Software
.R PAL10
*DSK:PCH.BIN,DSK:DC72/C/N=DSK:C.PAL,DSK:DC72NP.PAL
3.1.3 Listing the DC72(DC71) Software
To produce a listing of the DC72(DC71) station software after
performing the steps in 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 perform the following steps:
.R CREF
*LPT:=DSK:DC72.CRF
3.1.4 Assembling DC72NP Auxiliary Programs
Operation of the network DC72NP software (not the DECSYNC version)
requires that two additional programs be assembled, the line-printer
dump routine (file DUMP.PAL on the distribution tape) and the
down-line bootstrap (BOOT.PAL). The first provides a listing of the
contents of memory in the remote station (mostly used in the event of
a crash); the second allows loading of the remote station over the
synchronous line.
3.1.4.1 DUMP.PAL -- Dump Program
When the old DECSYNC DC72 software crashed (or if the user started it
at location 201) it produced a dump on the line-printer (or console
teletype if no printer was available) automatically. Because the
network software requires more space for network functions, the dump
routine has become a separate program.
There are four things about the DUMP program which the user may want
to change: whether the dump prints on the line-printer or the console
teletype, how many memory fields it dumps, which field it runs in, and
where within that field it is loaded. The first two depend on the
hardware (is a line printer available?, how many fields does the
machine have?) whereas the second two depend on the software
configuration of the remote station and rarely need to be modified.
There are default values for all four which should be correct in most
cases. If any one of them is not correct, the user must create a
configuration file (called "D.PAL") for the dump program with TECO.
This configuration file should contain a line for each parameter which
the user wants to be different from the default. The parameters are:
1) The symbol LPTN controls where the dump is printed. If the line
LPTN=0
is included in D.PAL, the output will go to the console teletype.
If the line
LPTN=1 /default
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 10
3.0 Building Station Software
is included (or if nothing about the parameter "LPTN" appears)
the dump will go to the line printer.
2) The symbol FIELDS controls how many memory fields the dump will
print. Most DC72's have 2 fields (i.e. 0 and 1), but some may
have more. If the line
FIELDS=n
is included in D.PAL "n" fields (0 to n-1) will be included in
the dump. If nothing appears in D.PAL concerning FIELDS or if
the line
FIELDS=2 /default
appears, two fields will be dumped (0 and 1).
3) The symbol EXFLD controls which field contains the dump
program.If the line
EXFLD=n
is included in D.PAL the dump program will run in field "n". If
no value is given for EXFLD, the dump program will run in field
0. For the considerations involved in picking the value of
EXFLD, see below.
4) The symbol START controls the starting address of the dump
program. If the line
START=aaaa
is included in D.PAL, the dump program will start at octal
address "aaaa". This address must be on a page boundary (i.e. it
must end in at least 2 zeroes). If no value is given for START,
the default address used is 200. (This overwrites the
initialization code with the dump program.) For the
considerations involved in picking a value for START, see below.
It may be necessary to specify a different field and starting address
for the dump program because it must be loaded on top of two pages of
the remote station program, thereby wiping out any information that
those pages might have contained. However, since the default location
for the dump is in the initialization code of the DC72NP, which is
protected (somewhat) from modification by the fact that most of the
time the data field is field 1 (hence it is hard to clobber field 0),
changing these parameters should be necessary only rarely. If it is,
select two pages which do not seem to be relevant to the crash, set
EXFLD to the field they are in, and set START to the address of the
first.
An example of the commands needed to create a configuration file for
the DUMP program is:
.R TECO
*EWDSK:D.PAL$
IFIELDS=3 /DUMP FIELDS 0-2
LPTN=0 /ON CONSOLE
$ex$$
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 11
3.0 Building Station Software
To assemble a DUMP with all default parameters, type:
.R PAL10
*DSK:PCH.BIN=DSK:DUMP.PAL
and to assemble one with a configuration file type:
.R PAL10
*DSK:PCH.BIN=DSK:D.PAL,DSK:DUMP.PAL
3.2 PUNCHING A BINARY CARD DECK OR PAPER TAPE
After the DECSYNC station software has been assembled it must be put
on a medium the station can read, usually cards, but sometimes paper
tape. The DC72NP network software doesn't require punching either
cards or tape, since the remote station may be down-line loaded. See
section 4.1.5 for details of down-line loading.
3.2.1 Punching a Binary Card Deck
The program "8CARDS" is used to punch a binary deck of cards from two
files, 1.) DSK:CLDR.BIN; and 2.) DSK:PCH.BIN. The file CLDR.BIN may
be found on the distribution tape, or may be assembled with PAL10 from
CLDR.PAL which is on the distribution tape. The file PCH.BIN is the
binary output resulting from the assembly of the remote station
described above.
3.2.2 Punching a Binary Paper Tape
An alternate method of loading a DC72 is with paper tape. "PIP" the
binary output file, PCH.BIN, to the central station PTP, using the /I
switch. e.g.:
.R PIP
*PTP0:/I=DSK:PCH.BIN
The output tape can be read by the binary loader. Consult PDP-8
documentation for use of the BINARY LOADER. The starting address for
the station software is 200 in field 0.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 12
4.0 System Operation - Loading
4.0 SYSTEM OPERATION This section describes the procedure used to
load the DC72 with the appropriate remote station software, how to
start it running, and what sorts of messages might appear while it is
running.
The old protocol DC72 is loaded via cards or paper tape; the new
protocol DC72NP is loaded from the synchronous line (this process is
called down-line loading). However, the bootstrap program which runs
in the PDP-8 to do the down-line load must be loaded from cards or
paper tape.
Most of the messages that the DC72 prints either on the CTY or on the
user terminal are the same for both the old protocol and the new.
Those that are not are marked "DECSYNC Only" for the old protocol, and
"DC72NP Only" for the new protocol.
4.1 LOADING DC72(DC71)
A DC72(DC71) may be loaded either from a card deck or from paper tape.
The program 8CARDS is used to punch a binary deck for a remote
station, see 3.3 for more details. The binary output from the PAL10
assembler may be "PIP'ed" to the DECsystem-10 high speed paper tape
punch using /I to make a paper tape to load.
If a card deck is out of sequence or mispunched the card loader will
always stop on the same card. If a card deck is out of sequence it
may be sorted on card columns 78-80. If a card deck is mispunched, a
new deck must be punched.
The normal starting address is 0200. Starting the DC72(DC71) program
at 0201 will produce a dump on the line printer
4.1.1 Loading DC72 from cards.
This is the normal loading procedure for DC72's. It is often possible
to skip steps a. through d.
a. Open the door concealing the PDP-8/E consol. Be sure the
computer consol lock is either in the POWER or PANEL LOCK
position.
b. Be sure the red power switch is on.
c. Stop the computer by momentarily pressing the halt switch.
d. Be sure the switch labeled SW is in the up position. The
front door may now be replaced.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 13
4.0 System Operation - Loading
e. Place the deck of cards in the card reader, and ready the
reader by pressing the reset button on the front of the
card reader.
f. Momentarily press the INITIALIZE switch. This will load a
short card loader from the ROM into core and start it.
The deck should read in and begin execution. If the cards
stop reading because of a read check or a pick check,
restart this procedure at step e.
4.1.2 Alternate DC72 card loading procedure; DC71 card loading.
This procedure may be used to load the DC72 if the ROM loader fails.
This is the normal procedure for loading the DC71.
a. Be sure the computer consol lock is in the POWER position,
and be sure PANEL LOCK is not set.
b. Stop the computer by momentarily pressing the HALT(STOP)
switch.
c. Toggle the card loader into the second memory bank (i.e.
field 1) by performing the following steps:
For the DC72 put 0011 in the SWITCH REGISTER then
press the EXTD ADDR LOAD switch; then put 7570 in
the SWITCH REGISTER then press the ADDR LOAD switch.
For the DC71 put 117570 in the SWITCH REGISTER;
then press the LOAD ADD switch.
One at a time load the following values into the
switch register and raise the DEP switch after each
value is loaded.
6672
5370
6631
5372
6634
3270
2375
5372
It is good practice to verify the deposits were made
correctly.
For the DC72 put 7570 in the SWITCH REGISTER and
then press ADDR LOAD; select MD register display;
repeatedly press EXAM.
For the DC71 put 117570 in the SWITCH REGISTER and
then press LOAD ADD; repeatedly press EXAM.
d. Place the cards in the reader and ready the reader by
pressing the RESET button on the front of the reader.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 14
4.0 System Operation - Loading
e. For the DC72 put 7570 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the ADDR LOAD switch; press the CLEAR switch;
press the CONT switch.
For the DC71 put 117570 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the LOAD ADD switch; press the START switch.
The deck should read in and begin to execute. If the
reader stops because of a read check, or a pick check,
restart the procedure at step b.
4.1.3 Loading DC72(DC71) from low speed paper tape.
The following procedure may be used to load a DC72(DC71) when the card
reader is not operational.
a. Check to be sure the consol lock is in the POWER position,
and check that PANEL LOCK is not set.
b. Stop the DC72(DC71) by momentarily pressing the HALT(RUN)
switch.
c. Toggle the RIM loader into memory by performing the
following steps:
On a DC72 put 0011 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press EXTD ADDR LOAD; put 7756 in the SWITCH
REGISTER and then press ADDR LOAD.
On a DC71 load 117756 in the switch register and
then press LOAD ADD.
One at a time load the following values into the
switch register and raise the DEP switch after each
value is loaded.
6032
6031
5357
6036
7106
7006
7510
5357
7006
6031
5367
6034
7420
3776
3376
5356
It is good practice to verify the deposits were made
correctly.
For the DC72 put 7756 in the SWITCH REGISTER and
then press ADDR LOAD; SELECT MD register display;
repeatedly press EXAM.
For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH REGISTER and
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 15
4.0 System Operation - Loading
then press LOAD ADD; repeatedly press EXAM.
d. Place the BINARY loader in the low speed reader on the
CTY. Position the tape so that leader(octal 200) is over
the read station.
e. For the DC72 put 7756 in the SWITCH REGISTER then press
the ADDR LOAD switch; press the CLEAR switch; press the
CONT switch.
For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH REGISTER then press
the LOAD ADD switch; press the START switch.
f. After the BINARY LOADER has been read stop the DC72(DC71)
by momentarily pressing the HALT(STOP) switch.
g. Place the binary paper tape for the station in the low
speed reader. Position the tape so the leader(octal 200)
is over the read station.
h. For the DC72 put 7777 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the ADDR LOAD switch; press the CLEAR switch;
press the CONT switch.
For the DC71 put 117777 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the LOAD ADD switch; press the START switch.
i. For a DC72 set the register select switch to AC.
When the BINARY LOADER has finished reading the paper tape
check to be sure the contents of the AC are zero. If the
AC is nonzero a checksum error has occurred, obtain a new
tape and begin again.
j. For the DC72 put 0000 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
dpress the EXTD ADDR LOAD; put 0200 in the SWITCH
REGISTER and then press ADDR LOAD; press the CLEAR
switch; press the CONT switch.
For the DC71 put 000200 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the LOAD ADD switch; press the START switch.
The station should now begin SYSCHK.
4.1.4 Loading DC72(DC71) from high speed paper tape.
The following procedure may be used to load a DC72(DC71) if the
station has a high speed paper tape reader:
a. Check to be sure the consol lock is in the POWER position,
and check that PANEL LOCK is not set.
b. Stop the DC72(DC71) by momentarily pressing the HALT(RUN)
switch.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 16
4.0 System Operation - Loading
c. Toggle the RIM loader into memory by performing the
following steps:
On a DC72 put 0011 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press EXTD ADDR LOAD; put 7756 in the SWITCH
REGISTER and then press ADDR LOAD.
On a DC71 load 117756 in the switch register and
then press LOAD ADD.
One at a time load the following values into the
switch register and raise the DEP switch after each
value is loaded.
6014
6011
5357
6016
7106
7006
7510
5374
7006
6011
5367
6016
7420
3776
3376
5357
It is good practice to verify the deposits were made
correctly.
For the DC72 put 7756 in the SWITCH REGISTER and
then press ADDR LOAD; SELECT MD register display;
repeatedly press EXAM.
For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH REGISTER and
then press LOAD ADD; repeatedly press EXAM.
d. Place the BINARY loader in the high speed reader.
Position the tape so that leader(octal 200) is over the
read station.
e. For the DC72 put 7756 in the SWITCH REGISTER then press
the ADDR LOAD switch; press the CLEAR switch; press the
CONT switch.
For the DC71 put 117756 in the SWITCH REGISTER then press
the LOAD ADD switch; press the START switch.
f. After the BINARY LOADER has been read stop the DC72(DC71)
by momentarily pressing the HALT(STOP) switch.
g. Place the binary paper tape for the station in the high
speed reader. Position the tape so the leader(octal 200)
is over the read station.
h. For the DC72 put 7777 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the ADDR LOAD switch; put 0000 in the SWITCH
REGISTER; press the CLEAR switch; press the CONT switch.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 17
4.0 System Operation - Loading
For the DC71 put 117777 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the LOAD ADD switch; put 000000 in the SWITCH
REGISTER; press the START switch.
i. For a DC72 set the register select switch to AC.
When the BINARY LOADER has finished reading the paper tape
check to be sure the contents of the AC are zero. If the
AC is nonzero a checksum error has occurred, obtain a new
tape and begin again.
j. For the DC72 put 0000 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
depress the EXTD ADDR LOAD; put 0200 in the SWITCH
REGISTER and then press ADDR LOAD; press the CLEAR
switch; press the CONT switch.
For the DC71 put 000200 in the SWITCH REGISTER and then
press the LOAD ADD switch; press the START switch.
The station should now begin SYSCHK.
4.1.5 Loading the DC72NP(DC71NP) from the synchronous line
The new protocol software has provision for loading the remote station
from the synchronous line. This is accomplished using a bootstrap
program in the PDP-8 and the NETLDR program in the DECsystem-10. The
bootstrap program must be loaded into the PDP-8 by one of the methods
described above (namely punched card or paper tape). For directions
on assembling the bootstrap program, see section 3.3.2. Once loaded,
the bootstrap program should be started at location 21 in field 1. If
the bootstrap program was loaded by the method described in 4.1.1 (the
"initialize" switch on the DC72) it will automatically start.
Otherwise, if it is a DC72, set switches to 0011 and press "EXT ADR",
then set switches to 0021 and press "LOAD ADDR", then "CLEAR" and
finally "CONT". If the bootstrap is loaded into a DC71, set switches
to 110021, press "LOAD ADR" and "START".
Normally, this is all that is required to load the remote station,
because the bootstrap program will request a load from the 10, and
NETLDR will be automatically run to perform the load.
4.2 DC72(DC71) Operator Messages
There are three types of messages: 1.) those which may occur on any
tty; 2.) those which occur on the CTY after SYSCHK; 3.) those which
occur only during SYSCHK.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 18
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages
4.2.1 Messages Which Occur on Any tty
"??NOT IN CONTACT"
[DECSYNC only]
The station will type this message in response to any
typein, unless contact with the DECsystem-10 has been
established.
"%%RESTARTING XXX DC72(DC71)"
XXX is the station name which may be defined when the
station software is assembled. Types on all TTY's when the
station is restarted. Can occur because the operator
reloaded, or restarted, or because contact with the
DECsystem-10 has been lost for 4 minutes, or communication
between the station and the DECsystem-10 is out of
phase(e.g. the DECsystem-10 is restarted).
4.2.2 Messages on the CTY After SYSCHK
"%%CARRIER BACK"
[DC72's only]
The synchronous modem carrier has returned.
"%%CARRIER LOST"
[DC72's only]
The synchronous modem carrier has just been lost.
"%%DC72(DC71) URD"
THE DC72(DC71) has received unrequested data from the
DECsystem-10.
"??DC72(DC71) WAITING 4 MIN"
[DECSYNC only]
The station and the DECsystem-10 are out of phase, and
cannot get back into phase. The station will go to sleep
for four minutes, and then try again. This usually will
correct the problem.
"??DC72(DC71) CRASH PC=####"
The software has detected a consistency error in itself and
will dump core on the LPT. Collect the dump and contact
your software representative.
"%%DC72(DC71) HAS MADE CONTACT"
Communication has begun with the DECsystem-10.
"??DC72(DC71) INT ERR"
Some unknown device is holding down the interrupt bus.
This may happen if the DC72(DC71) program was not assembled
for the correct configuration. This usually indicates a
hardware problem in the PDP-8/.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 19
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages
"%%DP01 END FLAG"
[DC71's only]
The "RECEIVE END FLAG" is set when the DP01 receive logic
stops, or starts, receiving the SERIAL CLOCK RECEIVE pulse
train from the modem. This usually indicates a modem
problem.
"%%DP8E BUS ERR"
[DC72's only]
A receive or transmit bus request was not serviced in
1/BAUD time. This usually indicates either the receive or
transmit clock from the modem is bad.
"??RACK OUT OF RANGE"
[DECSYNC only]
The station and the DECsystem-10 are out of phase. This is
usually caused by restarting either the DECsystem-10 or the
station. The station will restart itself to try to correct
the problem.
"%%WRONG DC72(DC71) CONFIG"
The DECsystem-10 has attempted to talk to a device which
the station doesn't have. Contact your software
representative.
4.2.3 Messages on the CTY During SYSCHK
"%%DC02F IS NOT PRESENT"
[DC71's only]
When SYSCHK tried to get the transmit flags for the DC02F
lines, the DC02F didn't clear the group select. All DC02F
TTY lines will be disabled. If the DC02F is really
installed contact field service.
"??DC72(DC71) CODE WON'T RUN ON A PDP-8/I(PDP-8/e)"
The wrong assembly option has been specified when building
the station code. Contact your software representative.
"%%DP01 DATASET NOT READY"
[DC71's only]
When SYSCHK attempted to initialize the DP01 the skip on
dataset ready instruction failed. This usually indicates
the modem is not connected or not ready.
"??DP8E CHAR DETECT SKIP FAILED"
[DC72's only]
SYSCHK received a special character(SYNC) from the DP8E but
the special character flag did not come up. This usually
indicates a hardware problem in the DP8E.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 20
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages
"??DP8E FIELD SELECT FAILED"
[DC72's only]
The first thing SYSCHK does with the DP8E is to load the
field select registers with a Load Field instruction. Then
SYSCHK does Read Status instructions to verify the Load
Field instruction worked. If the DP8E is not installed
this error will be detected. If the DP8E is installed this
indicates a hardware problem.
"??DP8E(DP01) FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
While initializing the DP8E(DP01) SYSCHK detected a flag
and attempted to clear it by issuing the appropriate
instruction. After issuing the instruction the flag was
still set.
"%%DP8E(DP01) GT 9600 BAUD"
SYSCHK counted the number of characters the synchronous
link could transmit in half a second and determined the
link was faster than 9600 baud. Throughput may be degraded
with synchronous links faster than 9600 baud.
"%%DP8E NO CARRIER"
[DC72's only]
When SYSCHK attempted to initialize the DP8E the read
status 2 instruction indicated Carrier/AGC was not present.
Check the other modem is ready and sending. Check the link
between the two modems.
"%%DP8E NOT CLEAR TO SEND
[DC72's only]
SYSCHK initialized the DP8E and then checked for Clear To
Send with a Read Status 2 instruction. Check the modem is
powered on and ready.
"%%DP8E MODEM NOT READY"
[DC72's only]
When SYSCHK attempted to initialize the DP8E the Read
Status 1 instruction indicated the modem was not ready.
Check to be sure the modem is connected and powered on.
"%%DP8E(DP01) NOT RECEIVING"
After determining that the synchronous line interface and
modem appear ready SYSCHK waits to hear SYNC
characters(226) from the synchronous line. SYSCHK will
loop until it does receive some characters.
"??DP8E READ CHAR DETECTED n RIGHT m"
[DC72's only]
When SYSCHK received a special character(SYNC) it performed
the READ CHAR DETECTED instruction, which returned the
unexpected value n. This indicates a fault in the DP8E
hardware.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 21
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages
"%%DP8E(DP01) RECEIVED #"
SYSCHK received data other than SYNC from the synchronous
line. SYSCHK will loop until it receives SYNC.
"%%DP8E TERM NOT READY
[DC72's only]
SYSCHK set Terminal Ready with a DP8E Load Control
instruction. Then SYSCHK did a DP8E Read Status 2
instruction and discovered Terminal Ready was not set.
This will usually indicate a fault in the DP8E hardware.
"??DP8E WC OR CA INCORRECT"
[DC72's only]
After sending or receiving data via the DP8E, SYSCHK did
not find the expected values in the datbreak registers.
This indicates a hardware problem in the DP8E.
"%%DP8E(DP01) XMT NOT READY
SYSCHK initialized the DP8E(DP01) and attempted to send
several synchs. This operation failed to complete quickly.
This may indicate clock is not being received from the
modem.
"??DP8E(DP01) IS IN LOOPBACK MODE"
SYSCHK transmitted an unusual pattern and received the same
pattern back. One of the modems is probably in loopback;
correct and then reload or restart the program at pc 200.
"[INITIALIZING DECSYNC(DDCMP) DC72(DC71) v#]"
# is the edit number of the DC72(DC71) code. This message
indicates that the SYSCHK portion of the program has begun.
"??KW8(DK8) ERROR"
SYSCHK measured the speed of the line frequency clock
against an instruction loop and found it either too fast or
too slow. This message may indicate the KW8(DK8) clock is
not installed or not functioning correctly. If the
KW8(DK8) is installed and working this message might
indicate the processor speed is incorrect. This is a fatal
error.
"??LPT FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
SYSCHK tried to clear the line printer flag and failed.
This usually indicates a hardware problem in the line
printer interface.
"%%NO RESPONSE TO REP"
[DECSYNC only]
SYSCHK sent a REP message to the DECsystem-10 and failed to
receive a RACK message as a response. This may indicate
the REP message was not received by the DECsystem-10;
check to be sure the synchronous link from the DC72(DC71)
to the DECsystem-10 is ok.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 22
4.0 System Operation - Operator Messages
"%%TTY# IS IN LOOPBACK MODE"
When SYSCHK sent a character out on a TTY line it came
back. This is usually caused by the hardware being set for
loopback test(it is tested this way at the factory, and may
arrive in this condition). Operating in this condition
would adversly affect the station, so the line will be
disabled by the software, until the station is reloaded.
Field service should be contacted.
"%%TTY# IS RUNNING OPEN"
The tty interface is receiving a continuous stream of
nulls. This condition is not fatal but tends to overload
the station if running faster than 110baud. Current loop
ports may behave this way when the terminal is powered off,
or not installed.
"%%TTY# NO XMT FLAG"
SYSCHK sent a character to a TTY line, and no transmit done
flag was ever raised. This can happen if the port is not
really installed. If the port is installed contact field
service.
"??TTY# XMT FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
SYSCHK couldn't clear the transmit done flag; or SYSCHK
sent a character to the TTY line and the transmit done flag
came up immediately. This is a fatal error; contact field
service.
??TTY# RCV FLAG WON'T CLEAR"
SYSCHK observed the keyboard flag for the line was up and
did a KRB to read the char and clear the flag. Immediately
after doing the KRB SYSCHK observed the flag was still up.
This is a fatal hardware problem.
4.3 Dumping the DC72(DC71)
The DC72(DC71)) program includes a routine which will produce an octal
dump on the Line Printer. If the program is not assembled to handle a
line printer the dump will be produced on the CTY. After the program
has been loaded the following procedure may be used to dump a
DC72(DC71):
a.) Be sure the computer consol lock is in the Power position,
and be sure PANEL LOCK is not set.
b.) Stop the computer by momentarily pressing the HALT(STOP)
switch.
c.) Ready the printer.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 23
4.0 System Operation
d.) For the DC72 put 0201 in the switch register; press ADDR
LOAD; press EXTD ADDR LOAD.
For the DC71 put 000201 in the switch register; press LOAD
ADD.
e.) For the DC72 press CLEAR and then press CONT.
For the DC71 press the START switch.
4.4 Operator Service Programs
The operator at station # will usually "LOGIN" under [100+#,2] and run
OPSER, LPTSPL, and CDRSTK or SPRINT-10. Detailed documentation on
these programs is provided in the DECsystem-10 software notebooks. A
typical command string would be:
.LOGIN 102,2
Password:
.R OPSER
*:SLOG 102,2
*:DEFINE L=
*L-R LPTSPL
*L-START
*:SLOG
*:DEFINE C=
*C-R CDRSTK
*C-START
4.4.1 OPSER
OPSER is the operator service program which permits a single tty to
control multiple jobs.
4.4.2 INITIA
INITIA is the initilaization CUSP. The program may be run from any
tty by typing the monitor command INITIA. When INITIA is run on a
station CTY it will log a job in under [100+#,2] and run OPSER. When
OPSER is invoked in this manner it will process the auto file
SYS:OPR#.ATO.
4.4.3 LPTSPL
LPTSPL is the Line Printer Spooler. Operating instructions for LPTSPL
may be found in the DECsystem-10 Operators Guide.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 24
4.0 System Operation
4.4.4 CDRSTK
CDRSTK is Card Reader Stacker. Operating instructions for CDRSTK may
be found in the DECsystem-10 Operators Guide.
4.4.5 SPRINT-10
SPRINT-10 is the new card reader stacker.
4.4.6 NETLDR
NETLDR is the program on the DECsystem-10 which loads network nodes.
It needs to know four pieces of information before it can load a node:
1) the file containing the binary form of the software that is
to run in the node.
2) whether the node is a PDP-8 or a PDP-11
3) the identification of a node that is adjacent to the
node to be loaded (i.e. has a synchronous line to the
node to be loaded) and is also up.
4) which synchronous line (on the node
that is adjacent and up) is connected to the node to be
loaded.
for example,
4.5 Loading DC75.
The DC75 is normally loaded with BOOT11 which is described in the
specification section of the notebooks.
A typical command sequence to load the DC75 will be:
.R BOOT11
*/CLEAR/PORT:0
*SYS:DC75.BIN/PORT:0
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 25
5.0 Trouble Shooting
5.0 Trouble Shooting
5.1 EXAMINING PDP-8/ MEMORY
The station program continually reads the 12 console switches as an
address, and places the contents of this address in the AC.
To change the field data is displayed from set the switches to 7770 +
the field desired.
5.2 PROGRAM LOCATIONS
5.2.1 F10CNT
This location is a 24bit count of total messages received by the
station.
Note that the number of messages sent by the station will be
approximately the same.
5.2.2 T1BCNT
This location is a count of messages NAKed by the DECsystem-10.
When this is compared to the total messages sent a measure of line
qualtity to the DECsystem-10 is obtained.
5.2.3 F1BCNT
This location is a count of the number of messages received by the
station.
When this is compared to the total messages received a measure of line
quality to the station is obtained.
5.2.4 CONTCK
This location is ticked 60(50) times a second.
The transition of location to 0 signals lost contact.
5.2.5 FRECNT
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 26
5.0 Trouble Shooting
This location contains the number of free chunks.
If chunks are lost response will become poor and eventually the
station may crash.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 27
6.0 Program Flow
6.0 Program Flow
6.1 INITIALIZATION
Whenever the station software is restarted certain tasks must be done.
The first time the station is initialized (after being reloaded)
SYSCHK will be performed.
The synchronous line flags must be reset.
The free core must be reestablished.
All device blocks are reset.
6.2 SYSCHK
After the station software is loaded its first task is to quickly
check its environment.
This test is called "SYSCHK".
SYSCHK is not exhaustive, but will catch many of the commonest
problems that plague DC71 and DC72 stations.
After SYSCHK has been executed it will be overlayed with data, and
hence cannot be reexecuted.
The station may be restarted however because the call to SYSCHK is
patched out after it has been executed.
In addition SYSCHK initializes some code and tables.
SYSCHK builds the special char table.
SYSCHK changes the trace and display code according to how much core
is present.
SYSCHK adjusts the line printer time constants according to whether a
LS8 or LP08 printer is present.
If the memory parity option is not present on a DC71 SYSCHK adjusts
the memory parity checking routine.
The first test SYSCHK makes is a simple instruction test.
SYSCHK makes sure the clock is reasonably close to either 50 or 60
cycle.
6.3 NON-INTERRUPT LEVEL
Non-interrupt level code begins at location "LOOP".
LOOP scans for work left by interrupt level.
If any work is found it is performed and LOOP is restarted.
If no work is found control will fall through to the display routine.
The display routine takes the contents of the console switches as an
address, and places the contents of that memory location in the AC.
If the console switches are set to 7770+n, the display routine will
take n as the memory field to display, provided n is an existing
memory field.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 28
6.0 Program Flow
Memory field selection for the display may be checked by observing the
data field selected.
6.4 TTY HANDLING
6.5 PROTOCOL HANDLING
6.6 FREE CORE
Free core is maintained as "CHUNKS".
These chunks exist in only one 4k memory bank.
The size of the chunks is a conditional assembly parameter(only the
default is guaranteed to work).
Chunk sizes must be a power of 2(e.g. 4, 10, 20, 40, etc.).
All chunks begin on a multiple of the chunk size
The first word of all chunks is a link to any additional chunks in the
string.
The usual convention is that the sign bit is off in all except the
last data word in the chunk.
In general the low order 8bits of a chunk are the actual data, and the
other bits(except the sign bit) are special flags or unused.
The location FRECNT is the number of free chunks left.
The location FIRFRE is the first chunk in the string of free chunks.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 29
7.0 TRACE
7.0 Trace
In order to aid debugging crashes a trace of recent activity is
maintained.
If there is an extra 4k bank available the complete 4k will be used.
If an extra 4k bank is not present the last 128 words in the data
field will be used for a trace.
The location BUGGER is used to place entrys into the trace.
Approxiamately once a second (every 64th tick for 8I's, every 128th
tick for 8e's) an entry of 7777 is made in the trace.
Every non-synch character received by the DP01 is placed in the trace,
with the sign bit set.
Currently DP8E input is not placed in the trace.
Every non-idle character sent by the DP01 is placed in the trace.
Currently DP8E output is not placed in the trace.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 30
8.0 READING DUMPS
8.0 Reading Dumps
DC72(DC71) crashes should be a rare occurance.
A history of all station malfunctions should be kept.
Each station crash should be logged in the history along with the
crash PC and any other pertinant information.
When the DC72(DC71) program detects an error condition it will execute
a HLT macro which is a JMS DMPTRP.
This will save the PC where the error was detected in location DMPTRP.
The routine after DMPTRP will save the contents of the AC and LINK for
analysis, and then produce an octal dump on the line printer.
When reading an octal dump first check DMPTRP for the offending PC and
refer to that location for comments in the program listing.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 31
9.0 REFERENCES
9.0 REFERENCES
DECsystem-10 Communications Systems Option Bulletin.
DECsystem-10 DC72 Remote Stations Option Bulletin
DECsystem-10 Software Notebooks:
Operating System Commands
Monitor Calls Manual
System Reference Manual
Remote Batch Manual
BOOT11 (IN SPECIFICATIONS)
DECsystem-10 Operators Guide
MPBOPR
REMHLP(caution - some information is obsolete)
Small Computer Handbook
PDP-8/ instruction set and information about programming PDP-8/
peripheral devices.
Introduction to Programming
Basic PDP-8/ family programming; documents the Binary Loader.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 32
10.0 Terminology and Abbreviations
10.0 TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS
10.1 TERMINOLOGY
DDCMP
DEC Data Communications Message Protocol, the new synchronous line
protocol.
DECSYNC
The currently distributed synchronous protocol.
station
Either a DC72 or a DC71.
SYSCHK
A portion of the station code which executes when the program is first
loaded; this code is overwritten when the station is in contact with
the DECsystem-10.
tty
10.2 ABBREVIATIONS
CTY
The consol TTY on the station.
VFU
Vertical format unit on a line printer.
On local printers(e.g. LP10C) this is an 8 channel tape.
The standard punches for this tape can be found in the DECsystem-10
System Reference Manual.
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 33
8CARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Assembling Station Software . . 7
BINARY LOADER . . . . . . . . . 11
BOOT11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CDRSTK . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Chunks . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Configuration File . . . . . . 7, 9
D.PAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
DC72NP . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 7, 9, 11-12
DC75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
DC75NP . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
DDCMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
DECNET-10 . . . . . . . . . . . 5
DECSYNC . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 7
Device Control . . . . . . . . 5
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
DN85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Down-line load . . . . . . . . 11-12
Dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 22, 30
DUMP.PAL . . . . . . . . . . . 9
ECO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Examining 8 memory . . . . . . 25
INITIA . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Line printer carriage control . 6
LPTSPL . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Memory parity . . . . . . . . . 27
NCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Node Name . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Node Number . . . . . . . . . . 8
OPSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
PAL10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PAPER TAPE . . . . . . . . . . 11
Program Flow . . . . . . . . . 27
Punching a Binary Deck . . . . 11
Reading Dumps . . . . . . . . . 30
References . . . . . . . . . . 31
SPRINT-10 . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SYSCHK . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . 32
DC72 COOKBOOK Page 34
Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29