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CSM Plotting Manual
******** 1st draft for version 12A ********
As of: March 10, 1983 *** NOT FINISHED YET ***
** This document has NOT been approved for printing **
Colorado School of Mines - Computing Center
1600 Illinois Street
Golden, CO 80401
(303)273-3430
This manual describes the hardware and software
available for plotting at the Colorado School of Mines.
The plotting package is a set of FORTRAN-callable
routines written in MACRO-10 assembly language. In
general, the plotting package is compatible with routines
supplied by DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) for use
with the XY-10 CALCOMP plotter, but with additional
features.
i
Table of contents for Plotting Manual
Chapter 1 Policies
1.1 Distribution
1.2 Copies
1.3 Graphic Terminals
1.4 Window Size
1.5 Standard Plotter Defaults
Chapter 2 Hardware
2.1 General
2.2 Houston Instruments DP-8 Plotter
2.3 ARDS Graphics Terminal
2.4 Tektronix Graphics Terminal
2.5 GIGI Graphics Terminal
2.6 ReGIS Plotter
Chapter 3 Software
3.1 General
3.2 Monitor PLOT Command
3.3 Plot Window
3.4 Coordinate System
3.5 Symbol sets
3.6 TEK Program
Chapter 4 Plotting Routines
4.1 Core Plotting Routines
4.1.1 Subroutine ERASE
4.1.2 Subroutine FACTOR
4.1.3 Subroutine NEWPEN
4.1.4 Subroutine OPRTXT
4.1.4 Subroutine ORIGIN
4.1.6 Subroutine PAUSEP
4.1.7 Subroutine PLOT
4.1.8 Subroutine PLOTS
4.1.9 Subroutine ROTATE
4.1.10 Subroutine SETWIN
4.1.11 Subroutine SUBWIN
4.1.12 Subroutine TITLE
4.1.13 Subroutine WHERE
4.1.14 Subroutine XHAIRS
4.2 Graphing Routines
4.2.1 Subroutine AXES
4.2.2 Subroutine AXIS
4.2.3 Subroutine DASHLN
4.2.4 Subroutine GRID
4.2.5 Subroutine LINE
4.2.6 Subroutine LOGAX
4.2.7 Subroutine LOGAXS
4.2.8 Subroutine SCALE
ii
4.3 Labeling Routines
4.3.1 Subroutine NUMBER
4.3.2 Subroutine SETSYM
4.3.3 Subroutine SYMBOL
4.4 Obsolete Routines
4.4.1 Function IPLOT
4.4.2 Function ISETAB
4.4.3 Function MSETAB
Chapter 5 3-D and Contouring Routines
5.1 Contouring Routines
5.1.1 Subroutine CALCNT
5.1.2 Subroutine CALSIZ
5.1.3 Subroutine GRIDER
5.2 3-D Routines
Chapter 6 Programming Techniques
6.1 Starting and Stopping Plotting
6.2 Debugging Techniques
6.3 Warning and Error Messages
Appendix A Sample Programs
A.1 LINPLT
A.2 SYMBOL Tables
Appendix B Library Programs
B.1 LBY:EZPLOT
B.2 LBY:GRAPH
B.3 LBY:SIMPLT
B.4 SYS:DRAW
Appendix C Further Documentation
C.1 HELP files
C.2 DOC:PLOT.DOC
Appendix D SYMBOL Tables
D.1 CSM Standard
D.2 CSM Secondary
D.3 Olde English
D.4 Old German
D.5 Old Italian
D.6 Script
D.7 Simplex Roman
D.8 Simplex Italics
D.9 Triplex Roman
D.10 Triplex Italics
D.11 Hershey's letters
D.12 Simplex Greek
D.13 Duplex Greek
Index
iii
CHAPTER 1
POLICIES
1.1 DISTRIBUTION.
Plots sent to the Houston Instruments DP-8 plotter
will be removed from the plotter three times each day. The
plots will then be available for pick-up at the Dispatch
counter in room 287 of the Green Center. The same plot
removal schedule will be observed for hours that the
Computing Center is open on weekends.
Plots will be removed from the plotter at:
11:30 AM
4:30 PM
11:30 PM
1.2 COPIES.
The preferred method of making multiple copies is to
duplicate a single copy of a plot on a copying machine.
This method is much less expensive than plotting each copy
that is needed. If multiple copies are needed, and
duplicating is not possible (eg. a 36 by 36 inch plot with
multiple colors), the use of the /COPIES:n switch with the
plot command will cause multiple copies of the plot without
the expense of running the plotting program repeatedly.
Misuse of the copies specification may result in loss of
plotting privileges.
1-1
Policies
1.3 GRAPHIC TERMINALS.
There are five TEKTRONIX 4000-series graphics
terminals located in the graphics room off of the Student
Workroom (Room 285, Green Center). The 4025 Raster
terminal and the 4012 Interactive terminal may be used for
creating plots. The three 4006 terminals are restricted to
viewing plots only. There is 30 minute limit on the
terminals when others are waiting.
Use of the graphics terminal for non-graphics work is
prohibited; such use may result in loss of all computer
use privileges. This restriction is made to help extend
the limited lifetime of the storage tube in the terminals.
1.4 WINDOW SIZE.
The plotting software by default limits a plot to a
size of 11 by 11 inches. Attempts to exceed this window
are considered to be errors unless the window size has been
increased. With evidence of plotting ability, the user can
have his allowed maximum window size expanded beyond the
standard 11 by 11 inches. Permission to expand the window
can be requested by submitting the Request for Plotting
Window Increase form which is available at the Dispatch
counter. The overall maximum window size possible on the
DP-8 plotter is 35 by 240 inches.
1.5 STANDARD PLOTTER DEFAULTS.
PAPER - Standard = 12 inches wide, /FORMS:NORMAL
Extra Wide = 36 inches wide, /FORMS:P311
The plotter uses a standard form of 12 inch white
tractor driven plotter paper (11 inches of useable plot
area). The default window size allows up to 11 inches of
this continuous form to be used in a plot. Window
expansion (if expansion privileges have been granted) will
allow up to 240 inches of horizontal length (X-axis) for a
single plot. Vertical expansion (Y-axis) up to 35 inches
is possible with window privileges and the use of Special
Forms. 36 inch paper has a forms name of "P311".
PENS - Standard = Blue, NEWPEN(1) (default)
= Black, NEWPEN(2) (better for photocopies)
= Red, NEWPEN(3)
1-2
Policies
The standard (default) pen set up has three ball-point
pens; pen 1 has blue ink, pen 2 has black ink, and pen 3
has red ink. Other pen sets can be requested by prior
arrangement and use of the OPRTXT subroutine to communicate
the desired change to the operator at plot time.
1-3
Policies
*
*
1-4
CHAPTER 2
HARDWARE
2.1 GENERAL.
The hardware that the CSM Computing Center has
available for use as graphics devices include:
1. The Houston Instruments DP-8 digital incremental
plotter.
2. TEKTRONIX 4012 Storage Tube type graphics terminal.
(The TEK software will also drive Models 4006, 4014,
4016, 4019, and 4025.)
3. Digital Equipment Corporation GIGI graphics terminal.
(The GIGI software also works on VT125 terminal.)
4. Houston Instruments DMP-4R table-top ReGIS plotter.
2.2 HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS DP-8 PLOTTER.
The Houston Instruments DP-8 Digital Plotter is a
three pen electromechanical drum plotter operating on the
digital incremental principle. The plotter has an
incremental step size of 0.0025 inches (400 steps per
inch). It produces a plot by movement of the pen relative
to the surface of the recording paper. The plotter accepts
up to 36 inch wide continuous roll paper (including tractor
drive holes). For plotting the paper is pulled around a
drum for X-axis (horizontal) motion, and the three pens
move along a rail parallel to the drum axis to give Y-axis
(vertical) motion. Subroutine PLOT generates information
to produce incremental steps of plotter movement with pen
up or down, in either the plus (+) or minus (-) direction,
along either axis. At full plotting speed, the plotter
makes 1800 incremental steps per second (4.5 inches of line
per second).
2-1
Hardware
Plots do not go directly to the Houston Instruments
DP-8 plotter, but are spooled. This means that the plots
are accumulated on disk, and sent to the plot queue when
the PLOT monitor command is given. A special system
program called SPROUT is run by the Operator to actually
send the plots to the plotter.
T --------------------------------------------------
A ( ) S
K ( +Y 11 or 35 inches max ) U
E ( ^ ) P
( ! ) P
U ( ! ) L
P ( ! ) Y
( ! )
S ( ! ) S
P ( -+---------------------> +X 240 inches max ) P
O ( 0! ) O
O ( ) O
L -------------------------------------------------- L
Drum plotter operation
There are two ways to use the SPOOLER package:
1. Use 'SPOOL' for IPLT in CALL PLOTS(IERR,'SPOOL').
2. Use zero for IPLT in CALL PLOTS(IERR,0). This second
method makes it easy to change to the TEK or GIGI
package by including SYS:TEKPLT.REL or SYS:RGSPLT.REL
in the LOAD/EXECUTE command.
2.3 ARDS GRAPHICS TERMINAL.
The ARDS (Advanced Remote Display Station) is a
storage tube terminal similar to the TEKTRONIX terminals.
CSM no longer has an ARDS terminal, but software is
available for it.
2-2
Hardware
2.4 TEKTRONIX GRAPHICS TERMINAL.
The TEKTRONIX 4012 Graphic terminal is a TTY device
which contains a storage mode cathode ray tube for
displaying graphics. Any material that has been written on
the screen of the storage tube will be displayed until the
entire screen is erased. The screen can be manually erased
by pressing the 'RESET PAGE' key on the terminal. A
program may erase the screen by calling the subroutine
ERASE.
The TEKTRONIX terminal has a screen resolution of 100
points per inch, and a screen size of 7.8 by 10.24 inches.
The software for the TEKTRONIX plotting package ignores
references to points that are within the universal window,
but are off-screen. To place the full 11 by 11 inch image
on the screen, software such as the TEK program use a
scaling factor of 0.7 to reduce the entire plot. The 4006
and 4025 terminals have similar characteristics.
Previewing plots with the TEKTRONIX graphics terminal
before sending them to the plotter is encouraged, since
this helps reduce the production of unwanted plots.
There are two ways to use the TEKTRONIX package:
1. Use 'TEK' for IPLT in CALL PLOTS(IERR,'TEK').
2. Include SYS:TEKPLT.REL in the LOAD/EXECUTE command if
you are using CALL PLOTS(IERR,0).
Example: .EXECUTE MYPROG.FOR,SYS:TEKPLT.REL
The TEK program can be used to preview plots destined
for the DP-8 plotter. (The TEK program understands how to
talk to both TEKTRONIX and GIGI terminals.)
2-3
Hardware
2.5 GIGI GRAPHICS TERMINAL.
The GIGI Graphic terminal from Digital Equipment
Corporation is a TTY device which drives a TV monitor for
displaying graphics. Although the GIGI has the capability
of shading and selectively erasing portions of the screen,
the PLOT package treats the GIGI like a TEKTRONIX storage
tube. Subroutine ERASE may be used to clear the entire
screen.
The GIGI terminal has a screen resolution of 768
horizontal by 480 vertical points (pixels). With a 12 inch
monitor, this is approximately 75 dots per inch, measured
on the TV screen. The data sent to the GIGI is scaled such
that a plot requiring 11 by 11 inches on the DP-8 plotter
will fit on the GIGI screen.
To be compatible with the DP-8 pen plotter, function
NEWPEN will change the color of the lines drawn on the
screen. (For black and white monitors, colors show up as
different shades of gray.)
NEWPEN(1) = Cyan (light blue) = light gray
NEWPEN(2) = White (not black) = white
NEWPEN(3) = Magenta (reddish) = dim gray
There are two ways to use the GIGI package:
1. Use 'GIGI' for IPLT in CALL PLOTS(IERR,'GIGI').
2. Include SYS:RGSPLT.REL in the LOAD/EXECUTE command if
you are using CALL PLOTS(IERR,0).
Example: .EXECUTE MYPROG.FOR,SYS:RGSPLT.REL
The TEK program can be used to preview plots destined
for the DP-8 plotter. (The TEK program understands how to
talk to both TEKTRONIX and GIGI terminals.)
2-4
Hardware
2.6 REGIS PLOTTER.
The Houston Instruments DMP-4R is table top plotter
that speaks ReGIS just like the GIGI terminal. It produces
plots of up to 6 colors on an 8.5 by 11 inch paper.
The ReGIS plotter uses the same resolution as the
GIGI; 768 horizontal by 480 vertical points. The data
sent to the DMP-4R is scaled such that a plot requiring 11
by 11 inches on the DP-8 plotter will fit on the paper.
Subroutine NEWPEN can be used to change the pen color.
NEWPEN(1) = Blue NEWPEN(4) = Purple (set up by user)
NEWPEN(2) = Black NEWPEN(5) = Green (set up by user)
NEWPEN(3) = Red NEWPEN(6) = Orange (set up by user)
There are two ways to use the ReGIS package:
1. Use 'DMP4R' for IPLT in CALL PLOTS(IERR,'DMP4R').
2. Include SYS:RGSPLT.REL in the LOAD/EXECUTE command if
you are using CALL PLOTS(IERR,0).
Example: .EXECUTE MYPROG.FOR,SYS:RGSPLT.REL
2-5
Hardware
*
*
2-6
CHAPTER 3
GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
3.1 GENERAL.
The Colorado School of Mines Computing Center has
several types of graphics software available. The major
package is a set of FORTRAN callable subprograms that are
generally consistent with CALCOMP software. These
subprograms have been written in FORTRAN-10 and MACRO-10,
and are generally called from FORTRAN programs.
NOTE
** Plotting cannot be done from SITGO-FORTRAN. **
------
There are several stand-alone programs available for
convenient generation of graphs. These include EZPLOT,
GRAPH, SIMPLT, and DRAW.
The TEK program allows a user to preview any plot that
has been prepared for the Houston Instruments DP-8 plotter
on the TEKTRONIX or GIGI graphics terminals.
3.2 MONITOR 'PLOT' COMMAND.
Plots do not go directly to the DP-8 plotter when they
are generated, but are spooled on the disk. Spooling
allows many users to generate plots simultaneously, even
while the plotter is actively working on another user's
plot. The monitor command 'PLOT' will transfer the spooled
plot file to the list of plots to be processed by the
plotter.
3-1
Graphics Software
The form of the 'PLOT' command is:
.PLOT *.PLT
-
or
.PLOT JOBNAM=FILESPEC(s) /SWITCH(es)
-
JOBNAM is the optional name given to the plot. If the
parameter is missing, then the first file name given
is used as the default.
FILESPEC(s) is a series of file specifications separated by
commas which identify the file names, and optionally
the device the file resides on, the project-programmer
number of the directory, and sub-file directory(ies)
which specify which files are being sent to the
plotter. The default is files with ".PLT" extension
in your directory area.
/SWITCH(es) are optional switch parameters which define how
the files are to be processed.
Switch Description
------ -----------
/COPIES:n Output the specified file(s) repeatedly n
times. The use of a photocopier is strongly
suggested instead of this switch, since the
duplication costs are less, and this also frees
the plotter for use by other users.
/DISPOSE:DELETE Delete the named file(s) after output.
/DISPOSE:PRESERVE Save the file after output.
/DISPOSE:RENAME Remove the file from your directory
immediately, and plot it from the QUE: area.
This is the default action for ".PLT" files.
/FORMS:name Place the output on a non-standard form.
Standard forms are 12 inch (11 useable plotting
inches) white plotter paper. 36 inch paper (35
useable plotting inches) has a form name of P311.
3-2
Graphics Software
/KILL Remove the specified job from the plotter
output queue.
/MODIFY Modify the specified plot queue entry.
Must be used to alter the switches used in
previously requested jobs.
All other switches available are documented in the CSM
Users Handbook and in the DECsystem-10 Operating System
Commands Manual (under the QUEUE command).
EXAMPLES
--------
Example: To plot the spooled plotter files you have
generated;
.PLOT *.PLT
-
Example: To remove the request for EZPLOT from the
queue (the equals sign is required);
.PLOT EZPLOT=/KILL
-
or
.CANCEL PLOT EZPLOT
-
Example: To check the status of the PLOT queue;
.PLOT
-
3-3
Graphics Software
3.3 PLOT WINDOW.
The CSM graphics software observes a limitation on the
useable plotting area, which is called the plotting window.
The main reason for the plot window is to prevent
undebugged programs from going wild and wasting plotter
paper. The window starts as being 11 inches wide by 11
inches high. The user can move the pen anywhere inside the
window, but any line that attempts to go outside the window
will be truncated at the border. The pen is not allowed to
move outside the window, but its theoretic position is
still calculated. When the pen movement returns to inside
the window, plotting resumes at the correct position. A
message can be sent to the user each time the pen movement
exceeds the plot window. The number of messages actually
sent depends on what is specified to subroutine PLOTS.
The plot window starts out as being 11 by 11 inches,
with the origin of X = 0, Y = 0 being the lower left
corner. The window can be made smaller by calling SETWIN,
such as to limit the plot to an 8.5 by 11 inch area.
Special privileges are required to extend the window past
the 11 by 11 inch limit.
The window as set by SETWIN is known as the universal
window. It is an absolute limit of pen travel. There is
also a second type of window, known as the subwindow. The
subwindow can be turned on and off at will, and can be
anywhere inside of the universal window. The subwindow is
useful for limiting a section of the plot to a smaller
area. For instance: the user can call SETWIN to limit the
entire plot to an 8.5 by 11 inch area. Then call SUBWIN to
limit a graph to a 5 by 4 inch window. The user calls
SUBWIN again to turn off the subwindow checking, to plot a
title outside of the area, such as "Figure 1". SUBWIN may
be called again to define a limit for figure 2, and turned
off again to plot the caption "Figure 2".
3-4
Graphics Software
3.4 COORDINATE SYSTEM.
The plotter software is based on a standard Cartesian
coordinate system that uses the inch as a basic unit of
measure. Angles used in the plotting package are assumed
to be in degrees, and are measured relative to the positive
X axis, in a counter-clockwise direction as in the standard
trigonometric convention.
90
Y
^
!
!
! +angle
!
180 --------+--------> X 0
!
! -angle
!
!
270
Coordinate system conventions.
When the plot is first started, the origin is set to
the lower left corner of the window. This default allows
only positive X and Y coordinates until the origin is
shifted by CALL PLOT(XORG,YORG,-3). Whenever PLOT is
called with the function code of -3, the pen moves to the
specified coordinate and the origin is set to that point.
Note that multiple origin changes are cumulative.
Subroutine ROTATE will rotate the coordinate system
and subroutine FACTOR will change the scaling. The
coordinate system will remain a Cartesian coordinate system
measured in inches that will be suitably shifted, turned,
and zoomed within the universal window by changing the
coordinate system. The coordinate changes are not
retroactive; the change is effective for only the plotting
done after the call to the routine to make the change.
3-5
Graphics Software
3.5 SYMBOL SETS
There are two routines available for drawing text on
the plot; TITLE and SYMBOL.
Subroutine TITLE is limited to a single character set
and angles that are multiples of 45 degrees. It uses the
hardware character generator if possible, otherwise TITLE
calls subroutine SYMBOL. (Currently, only the GIGI and
ReGIS plotter have this feature.)
The SYMBOL routine allow complete freedom in the
choice of position and angle of characters generated by
labeling routines. There are currently thirteen different
types of character sets and one set of centered symbols.
The different character sets are described in the
"LABELING ROUTINES" section, and examples are in the
appendix.
3.6 TEK PROGRAM
The TEK program will display a spooled plot file on a
TEK or GIGI graphics terminal. It is strongly suggested
that all plots be viewed before they are sent to the
Houston Instruments DP-8 plotter.
To view the spooled plot stored in GRAPH.PLT, use the
command:
.TEK GRAPH
The TEK program will assume the extension of ".PLT", and
knows how to talk to both Tektronix and GIGI terminals.
3.7 TEKVUE PROGRAM.
Some of the 4006 terminals are limited to running the
TEKVUE program. TEKVUE allows the user to preview and
dispose of plot files, but the plots must be created
elsewhere. This limitation is imposed so that graphics
terminals will be available for previewing plots.
3-6
CHAPTER 4
PLOTTING SUBROUTINES
4.1 CORE PLOTTING ROUTINES
The routines that follow are the core routines of the
plotting package. They are written in MACRO-10 assembly
language and handle the actual movement of the pen, in a
manner suitable for the hardware selected. The standard
default plotting package outputs to the Houston Instruments
DP-8 plotter, but this can be changed by appropriate
arguments to subroutine PLOTS.
The core routines are in FORLIB, the FORTRAN library,
and are loaded automatically whenever any plotting routine
is needed.
The core routines are:
1. ERASE - Clear the screen.
2. FACTOR - Change size of plotter movements.
3. NEWPEN - Change the pen color.
4. OPRTXT - Send a message to the OPR.
5. PAUSEP - Pause the plot for a few seconds.
6. PLOT - Move the pen, (X,Y,999) to end plot.
7. PLOTS - Starts plotting.
4-1
Plotting Subroutines
8. ROTATE - Performs translation and rotation.
9. SETWIN - Sets window size.
10. SUBWIN - Activates sub-windows.
11. TITLE - Plots text.
12. WHERE - Returns current coordinates.
13. XHAIRS - Triggers crosshairs on TEK 4012 or GIGI.
4.1.1 Subroutine 'ERASE'
---------- -------
ERASE allows the user to erase the screen on the
TEKTRONIX or GIGI terminals.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL ERASE
**************************************
ERASE does not have an argument. Upon return from
this routine the cursor will be at the lower left hand
corner of the screen and this point will be the origin.
NOTE
This routine does nothing if subroutine PLOTS has
selected the Houston Instruments plotter.
4-2
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.2 Subroutine 'FACTOR'
---------- --------
FACTOR enables the user to change the size of the
entire plot by magnifying the plot by a given factor
relative to the normal plot size. The factor in the Y
direction may be changed indepenently of the factor in the
X direction - this allows mirror-images to be plotted.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL FACTOR (FACTR)
or
CALL FACTOR (FACTX,FACTY)
**************************************
FACTR (input parameter) is the ratio of the desired plot
size to the normal plot size.
FACTX (input parameter) is the scaling factor in the X
direction.
FACTY (optional input parameter) is the scaling factor in
the Y direction.
Example
-------
CALL FACTOR (0.5)
This call will cause the entire plot which follows to
be reduced to half size. The window size is unaffected, so
a window of 11 by 11 inches can be used for a plot that
would normally be 22 by 22 inches.
NOTE
Subroutine FACTOR affects the relative origin as
set by CALL PLOT(X,Y,-3). A program that calls
FACTOR first then calls PLOT(X,Y,-3) will produce
the same effect as a program that calls
PLOT(X,Y,-3) before FACTOR. See subroutine ORIGIN
for a description of these interactions.
4-3
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.3 Subroutine 'NEWPEN'
---------- --------
Subroutine NEWPEN allows the user to select which pen
will be used for the following references to subroutine
PLOT or to obtain the value of the current pen in use.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL NEWPEN(IPEN,IERR)
**************************************
IPEN (input parameter) allows for a mode of operation.
(IPEN = 0) return the value of the current pen in
use. IERR gets set to the number of the
pen currently in use.
(IPEN > 0) select a pen to use. IERR is returned
as zero if the pen number is legal,
otherwise as -1.
IERR (output parameter) The error flag or number of pen.
DP-8 DMP4R GIGI and VT125
---- ----- -----------------
IPEN=1 Blue Blue Light blue (cyan)
IPEN=2 Black Black White (not black)
IPEN=3 Red Red Red-purple
Values of IPEN greater than 3 work only for the
Houston Instruments DMP4-R table-top plotter. The pens on
this plotter can be re-arranged by the user.
Calling NEWPEN has no affect on the Tektronix
4000-series terminals.
NOTE
NEWPEN can be called as an integer function, as in
IERR=NEWPEN(IPEN), but such use of the subroutine
is discouraged.
4-4
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.4 Subroutine 'ORIGIN'
---------- --------
********** calling sequence **********
CALL ORIGIN (ARG,X,Y)
**************************************
CALL ORIGIN('ABS',XORIG,YORIG)
Set absolute origin (in inches) to
(XORIG,YORIG). This is the same as
CALL ROTATE(0,XTEMP,YTEMP,ANGLE) !Get current angle
CALL ROTATE(1,XORIG,YORIG,ANGLE) !Re-set angle
CALL ORIGIN('REL',XORIG,YORIG)
Set relative origin, just like
CALL PLOT(XORIG,YORIG,-3).
CALL ORIGIN('WHERE',XINCH,YINCH)
Return current position on the paper. This
returns the absolute position, in spite of
any calls to FACTOR, ROTATE, or
PLOT(X,Y,-3).
NOTE
Subroutine FACTOR affects the relative origin as
set by CALL PLOT(X,Y,-3). A program that calls
FACTOR first then calls PLOT(X,Y,-3) will produce
the same effect as a program that calls
PLOT(X,Y,-3) before FACTOR.
4-5
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.5 Subroutine 'OPRTXT'
---------- --------
This routine allows the user to send a message to the
operator via his output plot file. This subroutine is used
to send messages at plot time to the operator to request
special pens, special forms, etc.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL OPRTXT (MESSAG,NCHR)
**************************************
MESSAG (input parameter) is the message to be sent to the
operator. This text must be either a
literal or an array that has five characters
per element.
NCHR (input parameter) is the number of characters to be
sent to the operator.
NOTE
This routine will only send a message to the
operator; it will NOT pause the output to the
plotter. If operator intervention is required, the
output must be paused by a call to PLOT(X,Y,0),
which must be the next call to PLOT.
This routine does nothing when running on the
graphic terminals.
Example
-------
CALL OPRTXT ('Please put blue felt-tip in pen #1',34)
CALL PLOT (X,Y,0) !Pause the plotter
4-6
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.6 Subroutine 'PAUSEP'
---------- --------
PAUSEP allows the user to pause the plot going to a
graphics terminal. Its main use is to allow the user to
view a plot before erasing the screen
********** calling sequence **********
CALL PAUSEP (ISEC)
or
CALL PAUSEP (0,IANS)
**************************************
ISEC (input parameter) is the time in seconds that the
plot should be paused. Zero means to wait for the
user to hit the RETURN key.
IANS (optional output parameter) is the user's response,
such as 'OK' or 'STOP'. IANS is returned as all
blanks if the user simply hit the RETURN key,
otherwise up to 5 characters of the response are
returned, converted to upper case.
Example
-------
CALL PAUSEP (5) !Pause for 5 seconds
CALL ERASE ! Clear the screen
....
CALL PAUSEP (0,IANS)
IF(IANS.NE.'OK') CALL ERASE
4-7
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.7 Subroutine 'PLOT'
---------- ------
PLOT is the basic routine for the plotter. This
routine moves the pen in a straight line to the position
specified by (X,Y) with the pen up or down. Also, special
services such as plot termination and change of origin are
performed by this routine. There are six modes of
operation for this routine plus the pause command.
MODE MEANING OF X AND Y PARAMETERS
---- ------- -- - --- - ----------
0 Cause the spooler to pause. ( IC = 0 ).
1 Coordinate of point in inches to move pen to.
( 0 <= IC <= 5 ).
2 Delta values in inches to move the pen from
this coordinate. ( 5 <= IC <= 7 ).
3 Polar coordinate values in inches to move the
pen to. X is the radius in inches, and Y is
the angle in degrees. ( 8 <= IC <= 10 ).
4 Polar coordinate values to move the pen to
with X the radius value in inches and Y the
angle in radians. ( 11 <= IC <= 13 ).
5 Terminate the plot. ( IC = 999 ).
4-8
Plotting Subroutines
********** calling sequence **********
CALL PLOT (X,Y,IC)
**************************************
Mode 0 Pause Spooler
---- -
(X,Y) (input parameter) are ignored for the pause
function.
IC = 0 (input parameter) is the pause command for the
spooler, X and Y are ignored. For the
Houston Instruments DP-8 plotter, this call
is illegal unless you call OPRTXT
immediately before calling PLOT(X,Y,0). It
causes the SPROUT spooling program to stop
and request Operator intervention. See the
OPRTXT description for more information.
Use subroutine PAUSEP to pause output to graphics
terminals.
Mode 1 Absolute Coordinates
---- -
(X,Y) (input parameter) is the coordinate to move to, in
inches.
IC (input parameter) is the function code:
(IC = 1) move to X,Y without modifying pen up or
down.
(IC = -1) move to X,Y without modifying pen up or
down, and make this the new origin.
(IC = 2) drop the pen and move to X,Y.
(IC = -2) drop the pen, move to X,Y and make this the
origin.
(IC = 3) raise the pen and move to X,Y.
(IC = -3) raise the pen and move to X,Y and make this
the origin.
(IC = 4) make the current pen position X,Y.
(IC = -4) make the current pen position the origin
(X,Y are ignored).
4-9
Plotting Subroutines
Mode 2 Relative Coordinates
---- -
(X,Y) (input parameter) is the delta distance to move, in
inches.
IC (input parameter) is the function code:
(IC = 5) move the delta distance without modifying
pen up or down.
(IC = -5) move the delta distance without modifying
pen up or down and make this the origin.
(IC = 6) drop the pen and move the delta distance.
(IC = -6) drop the pen, move the delta distance and
make this the origin.
(IC = 7) raise the pen and move the delta distance.
(IC = -7) raise the pen, move the delta distance and
make this the origin.
Mode 3 Polar Degrees
---- -
(X,Y) (input parameter) is the polar coordinates of the
point to move to (X is the radius, in
inches, and Y is the angle, in degrees).
IC (input parameter) is the function code:
(IC = 8) move to X,Y without changing pen up or
down.
(IC = -8) move to X,Y without modifying pen up or
down and make this the origin.
(IC = 9) drop the pen and move to X,Y.
(IC = -9) drop the pen, move to X,Y, and make this
the origin.
(IC = 10) raise the pen and move to X,Y.
(IC =-10) raise the pen, move to X,Y, and make this
the origin.
4-10
Plotting Subroutines
Mode 4 Polar Radians
---- -
(X,Y) (input parameter) is the polar coordinates of the
point to move to (X is the radius, in
inches, and Y is the angle, in radians).
IC (input parameter) is the function code:
(IC = 11) move to X,Y without changing pen up or
down.
(IC =-11) move to X,Y without modifying pen up or
down and make this the origin.
(IC = 12) drop the pen and move to X,Y.
(IC =-12) drop the pen, move to X,Y and make this the
origin.
(IC = 13) raise the pen and move to X,Y.
(IC =-13) raise the pen, move to X,Y and make this
the origin.
Mode 5 Finish Plot
---- -
(X,Y) (input parameter) X,Y are ignored.
IC (input parameter) is the function code:
(IC = 999) terminate the plot.
(IC > 13 or IC -13) Unimplemented operation.
Currently, if the absolute value of IC is
greater than 13, it is the same as if IC was
999, and terminates the plot. The value of
999 should be used to terminate the plot, as
more modes may be implemented in the future.
CALL PLOT(X,Y,-999) will abort the plot, and avoid
creating a plot file.
4-11
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.8 Subroutine 'PLOTS'
---------- -------
The PLOTS routine activates the plotter. It also sets
a counter for listing "Plot Window Exceeded" messages.
NOTE
PLOTS must be called before ANY call to a plot
---
routine to initialize the output plot file.
********** calling sequence **********
IERR = some number
CALL PLOTS (IERR,IPLT)
IF(IERR.NE.0) STOP 'PLOTS failure'
or
CALL PLOTS (IERR,IPLT,DFILE)
**************************************
IERR (input parameter) is a flag to set error message
type-out:
(IERR = 0) don't type warnings.
(IERR > 0) type only the warning message.
(IERR < 0) type the warning message and trace the
call to subroutine PLOT. The absolute value
of IWARN will be the maximum number of
warnings to be typed.
(IERR = 999) do not erase the screen if running on a
graphics terminal. Usually the screen is
erased when PLOTS is called.
IERR (output parameter) is a flag signifying the success
or failure of PLOTS.
(IERR = 0) means no errors.
(IERR = -1) means no such plotter.
(IERR > 0) means plot file creation error.
4-12
Plotting Subroutines
IPLT (input parameter) specifies the type of plotter.
0 Use the default plotter ('SPOOL')
'PLOT' Same as 0
'SPOOL' Spooled output to the Houston Instruments
DP-8 plotter
'DP-8' Same as 'SPOOL'
'TEK' Output to TEKTRONIX 4000-series terminal
4006 Same as 'TEK'
4012 Same as 'TEK'
4025 Same as 'TEK'
'REGIS' Output to ReGIS type terminal
'GIGI' Same as 'REGIS'
'DMP4R' Houston Instruments DMP-4R ReGIS plotter
'TTY' Same as 'TEK' or 'GIGI' depending on terminal
DFILE (optional input parameter) specifies the device
and/or file name for the plot file. This
must be less than 10 characters enclosed by
single quotes, or a double-precision
variable.
EXAMPLE
-------
IERR = -2
CALL PLOTS(IERR,0)
IF (IERR.NE.0) STOP '?PLOTS failure'
Specifying IPLT as the integer zero means to use the
default plotter (normally 'SPOOL', but 'TEK' if
SYS:TEKPLT.REL is loaded). The value of IERR = -2 on input
will cause a maximum of two error messages and a trace of
the erroneous calls to be typed. If IERR is not returned
as zero, the program will stop and type "?PLOTS failure".
4-13
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.9 Subroutine 'ROTATE'
---------- --------
ROTATE allows the coordinate system to be rotated.
All plotting references after this call will be offset from
the axis of rotation (which is now the origin) and rotated.
NOTE
Window clipping is done AFTER rotation. That
is, the limits imposed by subroutine SETWIN always
form a box whose sides are horizontal and vertical.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL ROTATE (IFUNC,XPOS,YPOS,ANGLE)
**************************************
IFUNC (input parameter) determines the mode of rotation:
(IFUNC = 0) clear all rotation, setting the origin to
the lower left corner of the universal
window. XPOS, YPOS and ANGLE are set to the
former absolute origin and the former angle
of rotation.
(IFUNC > 0) add ANGLE to the current rotation angle.
(IFUNC < 0) set the angle of rotation to ANGLE.
(XPOS,YPOS) is the position in inches for the center of
rotation. NOTE: This is an absolute
position on the paper, and is not affected
by CALL FACTOR. This absolute origin
cancels any previous relative origin that
may have been set by CALL PLOT(X,Y,-3).
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle of rotation. It is
specified in degrees, not in radians.
Example
-------
4-14
Plotting Subroutines
The user is charged by the width of the plot. If a
plotting program is set up to use an area 8.5 inches high
by 11.0 inches wide, plot paper will be conserved if the
plot is rotated so that it is 8.5 inches wide by 11.0
inches high. This can be accomplished by adding two
statements after the call to PLOTS.
CALL SETWIN (8.5, 11.0)
CALL ROTATE (1, 8.5, 0.0, 90.0)
The first statement makes sure that the plot is
limited to 8.5 inches wide by 11.0 inches high. The second
one moves 8.5 inches to the right along the X axis, rotates
the plot 90 degrees counterclockwise, and makes this point
the new origin. The positive X axis now points up, and the
positive Y axis points to the left.
Example
-------
CALL FACTOR(0.5) !Reduce size of plot
CALL PLOT(1.0,2.0,-3) !Origin is (0.5,1.0)
CALL ROTATE(-1,4.0,5.0,90.0) !Origin is (3.0,5.0)
Before the call to ROTATE, the origin was at
(0.5*1.0,0.5*2.0) or (0.5,1.0) because FACTOR affects the
origin set by PLOT(X,Y,-3). Then ROTATE used (4.0,5.0) as
the center of rotation because it uses absolute coordinates
in inches along the paper, and is unaffected by FACTOR or
PLOT(X,Y,-3). After this rotation, the 0.5 inch X-origin
offset and the 1.0 inch Y-origin offset have been canceled.
If your program uses subroutine ROTATE, then better
results will be obtained by using
CALL ORIGIN('ABS',XORIG,YORIG)
or
CALL ROTATE(-1,XORIG,YORIG,0.0)
instead of
CALL ORIGIN('REL',XORIG,YORIG)
or
CALL PLOT(XORIG,YORIG,-3)
to change the origin.
4-15
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.10 Subroutine 'SETWIN'
---------- --------
Subroutine SETWIN allows the user to set up a window
size other than using the default window size (11 inches by
11 inches).
********** calling sequence **********
CALL SETWIN (WX,WY)
or
CALL SETWIN (WX,WY,WXMAX,WYMAX)
**************************************
WX (input parameter) is the width of the window in
inches. The maximum value of WX is 240 inches.
WY (input parameter) is the height of the window in
inches. The maximum value of WY is 35 inches.
WXMAX (optional output parameter) is the maximum X value
that PRIV.SYS allows.
WYMAX (optional output parameter) is the maximum Y
allowed.
NOTE
Privileges for window sizes larger than 11 by 11
inches are granted by the Chief Consultant. If the
user wants to set up a window size, he or she must
do so after a reference to PLOTS but before a
reference to subroutine PLOT or any other plotting
routine. The values of WX or WY cannot be less
than or equal to zero. See the page on "Warning
and Error Messages".
4-16
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.11 Subroutine 'SUBWIN'
---------- --------
SUBWIN allows the user to have a sub-window in the
plotting program. A sub-window is a smaller window within
the main or universal window and is treated exactly like
the universal window. For example if the sub-window is
setup no plotting will be done outside of that sub-window.
The sub-window can be turned on and off at will and no
special privileges are needed.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL SUBWIN (IFUNC,IVALUE,X0,Y0,WIDTH,HEIGHT)
**************************************
IFUNC (input parameter) selects mode of operation.
(IFUNC = 0) sets up the sub-window
(IFUNC = 1) reads the sub-window size to see if the
sub-window feature is currently being
used.
(IFUNC = 2) disables the sub-window for now.
(IFUNC = 3) reenables the sub-window feature, i.e.
uses the last values of a reference to
subroutine SUBWIN with IFUNC equal to
zero.
IVALUE (output parameter) a mode (IFUNC) dependent value.
If IFUNC is less than 0 or greater than 3, then
IVALUE will be set equal to -1.
(IFUNC = 0)
(IVALUE = -1) the width or height was less
than or equal to zero.
(IVALUE = 0) the sub-window was set up.
(IFUNC = 1)
(IVALUE = -1) a sub-window was not set up.
(IVALUE = 0) the sub-window was set up and no
checking is being done.
(IVALUE = 1) the sub-window was set up and
checking is being done.
(IFUNC = 2 or 3)
(IVALUE = -1) a sub-window was not set up.
(IVALUE = 0) a sub-window was set up.
(X0,Y0) (input or output parameter) a mode (IFUNC)
dependent value.
(IFUNC = 0) (input) the coordinate of the lower
left hand corner of the sub-window, in
inches.
(IFUNC = 1) (output) the coordinates of the lower
left hand corner of the sub-window, in
inches.
4-17
Plotting Subroutines
(IFUNC = 2) is unused. (IFUNC = 3) is unused.
WIDTH (input or output parameter) a mode (IFUNC)
dependent value.
(IFUNC = 0) (input) the width of the sub-window, in
inches.
(IFUNC = 1) (output) the width of the sub-window,
in inches.
(IFUNC = 2) is unused.
(IFUNC = 3) is unused.
HEIGHT (input or output parameter) a mode (IFUNC)
dependent value.
(IFUNC = 0) (input) the height of the sub-window,
in inches.
(IFUNC = 1) (output) the height of the sub-window,
in inches.
(IFUNC = 2) is unused.
(IFUNC = 3) is unused.
NOTE
X0, X0, WIDTH and HEIGHT are relative to the
current origin and factor values. This subroutine
is not effected by subroutine ROTATE.
4.1.12 Subroutine 'TITLE'
---------- -------
The TITLE subroutine draws text on the plotter, using
the hardware character generator if possible. If the
plotter does not have a character generator, TITLE will
then call subroutine SYMBOL using SETSYM table 1.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL TITLE (X0,Y0,HEIGHT,ICHARS,ANGLE,NCHR)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the lower left hand corner of the first
character to be drawn, before rotation by
ANGLE. The pen is up while moving to this
point.
4-18
Plotting Subroutines
HEIGHT (input parameter) is the height, in inches, of the
character(s) to be drawn.
ICHARS (input parameter) is the text to be drawn. ICHARS
is either a literal enclosed by apostrophes,
or an array containing five left-justified
characters per element.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle in degrees at which
the text is to be plotted. The angle will
be rounded to be a multiple of 45 degrees.
NCHR (input parameter) number of characters to plot.
(NCHR = 0) plot a single character whose ASCII code
is in ICHARS.
NOTE
Currently, the only plotters with hardware
character generators are the ReGIS terminals;
VT125, GIGI, and DMP4R.
See also the description of subroutine SYMBOL.
4-19
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.13 Subroutine 'WHERE'
---------- -------
This routine allows the user to check on the status of
the plotter, the current pen position, current FACTOR value
and the type of plotting package that was selected by
subroutine PLOTS. This routine will normally be used to
optimize plotter movement.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL WHERE (X,Y)
or
CALL WHERE (X,Y,FACTX,IPLT,FACTY)
**************************************
X (output parameter) is the X coordinate of the
current pen position, in inches.
Y (output parameter) is the Y coordinate of the
current pen position, in inches.
IPLT (optional output parameter) is the type of plotter
in use.
(IPLT = 1) using the DP-8 spooler.
(IPLT = 2) using the ARDS package.
(IPLT = 3) using the TEKTRONIX package.
(IPLT = 4) using the ReGIS package. (GIGI, DMP4R,
VT125)
FACTX (optional output parameter) is the factor value for
the X direction.
FACTY (optional output parameter) is the factor value for
the Y direction.
The values returned for X and Y take into account any
rotation, scaling factors, and the current origin. If
these values were to be used in the next call to PLOT, the
pen will not move.
4-20
Plotting Subroutines
Example
-------
CALL WHERE(X,Y,FACTR,IPLT)
IF (IPLT .EQ. 3) CALL FACTOR (0.7*FACTR) !TEK
IF (IPLT .EQ. 4) CALL FACTOR (FACTR*2./3.) !GIGI
This determines which type of plotter is in use.
Since the TEKTRONIX screen is only 7.8 inches tall, the
scale factor of 0.7 ensures that all 11 inches of the plot
will be visible. For a GIGI or VT125 terminal, a scaling
factor of 0.666667 is needed.
Since moving long distances with the pen up wastes
plotter time, subroutine WHERE can be used to improve
efficiency. If possible, draw long lines by moving to the
endpoint closest to the current position first and then
plot the line.
4-21
Plotting Subroutines
4.1.14 Subroutine 'XHAIRS'
---------- --------
XHAIRS allows the user to turn on the crosshairs on a
TEKTRONIX or GIGI terminal. The user positions the
crosshairs and types a single character. The position and
the character are transmitted to the program. If the
character is a Control-Z, the screen will be cleared, zeros
will be returned for all parameters, and the origin will be
set to the lower left hand corner of the screen.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL XHAIRS (XPOX,YPOS,LETTER)
**************************************
XPOS (output parameter) is the X coordinate, in inches,
of the crosshair.
YPOS (output parameter) is the Y coordinate, in inches,
of the crosshair.
LETTER (output parameter) is the character typed. Normal
characters are returned in an 'A1' format, control
characters are returned as a number between 1 and
31, in an 'R1' format.
NOTE
XPOS and YPOS are relative to the current origin
and factor value. This routine is only available
in the TEKTRONIX and GIGI plotting package.
Example
-------
CALL XHAIRS (XPOS, YPOS, LETTER)
IF (LETTER .EQ. 'U') CALL PLOT (XPOS, YPOS, 3) !Up
IF (LETTER .EQ. 'D') CALL PLOT (XPOS, YPOS, 2) !Down
4-22
Graphing Routines
4.2 GRAPHING ROUTINES
The routines that follow in this section are designed
to aid in the generation of graphs by drawing the axes,
scaling the data, and drawing the data points on the graph.
Care should be taken in choosing the best axis drawing
routine to fit the data involved.
These routines are the included in FORLIB, the FORTRAN
library. Unlike the CALCNT and PLOT3D routines, FORLIB
routines get loaded automatically whenever they are needed.
The Graphing Routines are:
1. AXES - Draw a fancy X or Y axis.
2. AXIS - Draw a simple X or Y axis.
3. DASHLN - Draw a dashed line between 2 points.
4. GRID - Draw a rectilinear grid.
5. LINE - Draw a line from an array of X and Y.
6. LOGAX - Draw a simple logarithmic axis.
7. LOGAXS - Draw a fancy logarithmic axis.
8. SCALE - Do scaling for subroutine LINE.
4-23
Graphing Routines
4.2.1 Subroutine 'AXES'
---------- ------
AXES provides the user with the capability of
generating and labeling an axis by drawing a line of
arbitrary length divided into variable length segments by
'tick' marks. The variable value can be written as an
annotation beside each mark. The axis can also be labeled
if the user desires with special parameters for labeling
and segment lengths.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL AXES (X0,Y0,ITITLE,NCHR,AXSLEN,ANGLE,FIRSTV,
DELTAV,TICSPC,IPOWER,NUMDIG,LABTIC)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate position, in
inches, of the starting point for the axis.
The axes ends should be at least 0.5 inches
from the current window limits to allow
space for the scale annotation and the
title. When the coordinate system is being
generated to coincide with a plot produced
by subroutine LINE the X0 value for the X
axis must be 0.0 and the Y0 value for the Y
axis must be 0.0.
ITITLE (input parameter) is the title for the axis. This
title is centered and placed parallel to the
axis line. ITITLE may be either a Hollerith
literal, or an array with five
left-justified characters per word. The
output title has a fixed height of 0.15
inch.
NCHR (input parameter) specifies the number of
characters in the title and on which side of
the axis the labeling information will be
written.
(NCHR > 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
title placement on the counterclockwise side
of the axis relative to the line projected
from the origin along the desired axis.
This condition is normally desired for the
Y-axis.
4-24
Graphing Routines
(NCHR = 0) make the 'tick' mark and annotation
placement on the counter-clockwise side of
the axis relative to the line projected from
the origin along the desired axis. There is
no title on this axis.
(NCHR < 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
title placement on the clockwise side of the
axis relative to the line projected from the
origin along the desired axis. This
condition is normally desired for the
X-axis.
AXSLEN (input parameter) is the length, in inches, of the
axis line.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle, in degrees, at
which the axis is to be drawn. Normally
this value is 0.0 for the X-axis and 90.0
for the Y-axis.
FIRSTV (input parameter) is the starting value which will
appear on the first 'tick' mark of the axis.
This value, if computed by SCALE will be
stored at location ARRAY(NPT+1).
DELTAV (input parameter) is the number of data units per
inch of axis. This value, if computed by
SCALE, will be stored at ARRAY(NPT+2).
TICSPC (input parameter) is the distance between 'tick'
marks, in inches.
IPOWER (input parameter) is the exponent times 10,
(*10**IPOWER), used in the title.
NUMDIG (input parameter) is the number of decimal places
wanted in the annotation on each labeled
'tick' mark. If integers are wanted NUMDIG
should be set equal to -1. If no numbers
are wanted NUMDIG should be set equal to
999.
LABTIC (input parameter) is the delta value for labeling
the 'tick' marks. For example, if LABTIC =
3 every third 'tick' mark will be labeled.
If LABTIC is less than 1 no labeling will be
done.
4-25
Graphing Routines
NOTE
Each call to AXES will draw a single axis with
labels. It requires two calls to AXES to create an
(X,Y) coordinate system.
4.2.2 Subroutine 'AXIS'
---------- ------
AXIS provides the user with the capability of
generating and labeling an axis by drawing a line of
arbitrary length divided into one inch segments by 'tick'
marks. The variable value is written as an annotation
beside each mark. The axis can also be labeled if the user
desires.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL AXIS (X0,Y0,ITITLE,NCHR,AXSLEN,
ANGLE,FIRSTV,DELTAV)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate position, in
inches, of the starting point for the axis.
The axes ends should be at least 0.5 inchs
from the current window limits to allow
space for the scale annotation and the
title. When the coordinate system is being
generated to coincide with a plot produced
by subroutine LINE the X0 value for the X
axis must be 0.0 and the Y0 value for the Y
axis must be 0.0.
ITITLE (input parameter) is the title for the axis. This
title is centered and placed parallel to the
axis line. ITITLE may be either a Hollerith
literal, or an array containing five
left-justified characters per word. The
title has a fixed height of 0.15 inch.
NCHR (input parameter) specifies the number of
characters in the title and on which side of
the axis the labeling information will be
written.
4-26
Graphing Routines
(NCHR > 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
title placement on the counterclockwise side
of the axis relative to the line projected
from the origin along the desired axis.
This condition is normally desired for the
Y-axis.
(NCHR = 0) make the 'tick' mark and annotation
placement on the counter-clockwise side of
the axis relative to the line projected from
the origin along the desired axis. There is
no title on this axis.
(NCHR < 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
title placement on the clockwise side of the
axis relative to the line projected from the
origin along the desired axis. This
condition is normally desired for the
X-axis.
AXSLEN (input parameter) is the length, in inches, of the
axis line.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle, in degrees, at
which the axis is to be drawn. Normally
this value is 0.0 for the X-axis and 90.0
for the Y-axis.
FIRSTV (input parameter) is the starting value which will
appear on the first 'tick' mark of the axis.
This value, if computed by SCALE will be
stored at location ARRAY(NPT+1). Only two
decimal places will be on the annotations.
DELTAV (input parameter) is the number of data units per
inch of axis. This value which is added to
FIRSTV for each succeeding 1 inch division
along the axis, if computed by SCALE, will
be stored at ARRAY(NPT+2).
NOTE
Each call to AXIS will draw a single axis line and
label it. The creation of an (X,Y) coordinate
system is accomplished by two references to the
subroutine AXIS.
4-27
Graphing Routines
4.2.3 Subroutine 'DASHLN'
---------- --------
DASHLN is used to draw either a solid or dashed line
between two points.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL DASHLN (X0,Y0,XN,YN,DASH)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the starting end of the line segment.
(XN,YN) (input parameter) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the terminating end of the line segment.
DASH (input parameter) is a flag to tell whether a solid
or dashed line segment is desired.
(DASH <= 0) makes the line segment solid.
(DASH > 0) makes the line segment dashed. DASH is
the length, in inches.
NOTE
The first and last segments of the line are always
drawn with the pen down - this is so that the ends
of the line are clearly marked. The length of DASH
should be much smaller than the distance between
(X0,Y0) and (XN,YN).
4-28
Graphing Routines
4.2.4 Subroutine 'GRID'
---------- ------
GRID draws a linear grid.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL GRID (X0,Y0,DELX,DELY,NXSP,NYSP)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the lower left hand corner of the grid.
DELX (input parameter) is the distance, in inches,
between the grid lines in the X direction.
DELY (input parameter) is the distance, in inches,
between the grid lines in the Y direction.
NXSP (input parameter) is the number of grids in the X
direction.
NYSP (input parameter) is the number of grids in the Y
direction.
NOTE
GRID will generate a linear grid of any size. The
number of lines drawn is NXSP + 1 in the X
direction (vertical lines) and NYSP + 1 in the Y
direction (horizontal lines).
4-29
Graphing Routines
4.2.5 Subroutine 'LINE'
---------- ------
LINE enables a user to plot (X,Y) pairs of data values
from an X array and a Y array. LINE computes the position
on the page of each plotted point from the data values and
scaling parameters in the two arrays. The data points may
be represented by centered symbols with or without
connecting lines. The connecting lines may be solid or
dashed. The scaling parameters, FIRSTV and DELTAV, as
detailed in subroutine SCALE, must be found in the last two
locations of each array. These values, if not computed by
subroutine SCALE, must be supplied by the user.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL LINE (XARRAY,YARRAY,NPNTS,ILINE,ISYSB,DASH)
**************************************
XARRAY (input parameter) is the name of the one
dimensional array containing the X
(abscissa) values along with the scaling
values for this array.
YARRAY (input parameter) is the name of the one
dimensional array containing the Y
(ordinate) values along with the scaling
values for this array.
NPNTS (input parameter) is the number of data points in
the XARRAY and YARRAY. Note: The number of
points in both arrays must be the same.
This number does not include the two extra
locations required for scaling parameters.
ILINE (input parameter) is a flag used to describe the
type of line to be drawn through the data
points.
(ILINE = 0) points are connected by straight lines,
no centered symbols are plotted.
(ILINE > 0) points are connected by straight lines
and a centered symbol is drawn at each
point.
(ILINE < 0) centered symbols are plotted at each
point without connecting lines.
4-30
Graphing Routines
ISYMB (input parameter) is the integer equivalent of the
desired centered symbol.
DASH (input parameter) is a flag to tell whether the
connecting lines are solid or dashed.
(DASH = 0) make the connecting lines solid.
(DASH > 0) make the connecting lines dashed. DASH is
the length, in inches.
NOTE
For the dashes to show up, the length of the dashes
must be much smaller than the distance between
consecutive points. Subroutine LINE should not be
used to plot a large number of points close
together.
4.2.6 Subroutine 'LOGAX'
---------- -------
LOGAX is used to draw a logarithmic axis with any
number of cycles. Each cycle is labelled.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL LOGAX (X0,Y0,NCHR,ITITLE,ANGLE,AXSLEN,NCYC,IEXP)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate position, in
inches, of the starting point for the axis.
NCHR (input parameter) specifies the number of
characters in the title and on which side of
the axis the labeling information will be
written.
(NCHR > 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
header placement on the counterclockwise
side of the axis. This condition is
normally desired for the Y-axis.
(NCHR = 0) make the 'tick' mark and annotation
placement on the counter-clockwise side of
the axis. There is no header on this axis.
4-31
Graphing Routines
(NCHR < 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
header placement on the clockwise side of
the axis. This condition is normally
desired for the X-axis.
ITITLE (input parameter) is the title for the axis. This
title is centered and placed parallel to the
axis line. ITITLE is either a Hollerith
literal, or an array containing five left
justified characters per word. The title
has a fixed height of 0.15 inch.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle, in degrees, at
which the axis is to be drawn. Normally
this value is 0.0 for the X-axis and 90.0
for the Y-axis.
AXSLEN (input parameter) is the length, in inches, of the
axis line.
NCYC (input parameter) is the number of logarithmic
cycles wanted.
IEXP (input parameter) is the lower exponent limit for
the axis. The base of the first cycle is
labeled with 10**IEXP.
NOTE
The creation of an (X,Y) coordinate system is
accomplished by two references to subroutine LOGAX.
4-32
Graphing Routines
4.2.7 Subroutine 'LOGAXS'
---------- --------
LOGAXS is used to draw a logarithmic axis with any
number of cycles, with only some of the cycles labelled.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL LOGAXS (X0,Y0,NCHR,ITITLE,ANGLE,AXSLEN,
NCYC,IEXP,LABTIC)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameters) is the coordinate position, in
inches, of the starting point for the axis.
NCHR (input parameter) specifies the number of
characters in the title and on which side of
the axis the labeling information will be
written.
(NCHR > 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
title placement on the counterclockwise side
of the axis. This condition is normally
desired for the Y-axis.
(NCHR = 0) make the 'tick' mark and annotation
placement on the counter-clockwise side of
the axis. There is no title on this axis.
(NCHR < 0) make the 'tick' mark, annotation, and
title placement on the clockwise side of the
axis. This condition is normally desired
for the X-axis.
ITITLE (input parameter) is the title for the axis. This
title is centered and placed parallel to the
axis line. ITITLE is either a Hollerith
literal, or an array containing five
left-justified characters per word. The
title has a fixed height of 0.15 inch.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle, in degrees, at
which the axis is to be drawn. Normally
this value is 0.0 for the X-axis and 90.0
for the Y-axis.
AXSLEN (input parameter) is the length, in inches, of the
axis line.
4-33
Graphing Routines
NCYC (input parameter) is the number of logarithmic
cycles wanted.
IEXP (input parameter) is the lower exponent limit for
the axis. The base of the first cycle is
labeled with 10**IEXP.
LABTIC (input parameter) is the labeling interval for the
'tick' marks. For example, if LABTIC = 3,
every third 'tick' mark is labeled. If
(LABTIC = 0) no labeling will be done.
NOTE
The creation of an (X,Y) coordinate system is
accomplished by two references to subroutine
LOGAXS.
4.2.8 Subroutine 'SCALE'
---------- -------
Subroutine SCALE is used to examine the data values
contained in an array to determine:
1) A starting value, (FIRSTV) which is an adjusted
minimum, or maximum value for the array (see NPT).
2) A scaling factor, (DELTAV) which is positive or
negative such that:
A) The scale annotation drawn by AXIS on each
division 'tick' mark will properly represent the
range of real data values in the array.
B) The data points, when plotted by LINE will fit
within the given plotting area.
These two values (FIRSTV and DELTAV) are computed by
SCALE and stored in the two locations at the end of the
data array used. The scaling factor (DELTAV) that is
computed represents the number of data units per inch of
axis, but is adjusted so that it is always an interval of
1, 2, 4, 5, or 8 * 10**N (N is an exponent consistent with
the original unadjusted scaling factor). This adjustment
insures that the axes can be labeled with integer numbers.
4-34
Graphing Routines
The starting value (FIRSTV) which would appear as the
first annotation on the axis, is computed as some multiple
of DELTAV that is equal to or outside the limits of the
data in the array.
For example, consider an array having a range of
values from 301 to 912 to be plotted over an axis of 10
inches. The unadjusted scaling factor is:
(912 - 301.0) / 10.0 = 61.1 units/inch.
The adjusted DELTAV would be 80.0 (8 * 10**1). In this
example, a FIRSTV of 240.0 would be chosen as the best
value if a minimum is returned; 1040.0 would be chosen as
the best value for the maximum.
In another example, values from -1.0 to +1.0 are to be
plotted over a 5 inch axis.
(+1.0 - (-1.0)) / 5.0 = 0.4 units/inch
DELTAV = 4 * 10**-1, FIRSTV = -1.2 for a minimum, or +1.2
for a maximum. Note that 5 inches from -1.2 is +0.8,
although the data goes to +1.0, which is past the top of
the axis.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL SCALE (ARRAY,AXSLEN,NPT)
**************************************
ARRAY (input parameter) is the array of data points to be
examined.
NOTE
This array must be dimensioned for
at least two more elements than the
number of values being scanned to
allow SCALE to store the computed
starting value and the scaling
factor at the end of the array.
4-35
Graphing Routines
AXSLEN (input parameter) is the length of the axis, in
inches, to which the data is to be scaled.
It's value must be greater than 1. If the
value given is not a whole number, the value
given will be rounded to the next lowest
whole number and this value will be used for
calculations.
NPT (input parameter) is the number of data values to
be scanned within the array.
(NPT > 0) return FIRSTV as the minimum value.
(NPT < 0) return FIRSTV as the maximum value, and use
the absolute value of NPT as the number of
data points.
FIRSTV is returned to the user in ARRAY(NPT+1)
DELTAV is returned to the user in
ARRAY(NPT+2).
Generally, subroutine SCALE is referenced to examine
each array to be plotted. if the user knows the range of
his data values, he doesn't have to reference SCALE for the
array as long as he supplies an appropriate FIRSTV and
DELTAV when the axes subroutines and subroutine LINE are
called.
NOTE
Unlike the other routines in described in this
chapter, subroutine SCALE does not do any plotting.
4-36
Labeling Routines
4.3 LABELING ROUTINES
-------- --------
The routines used to label plots allow the user full
freedom of choice on symbol placement, size and
orientation, as well as a fairly full selection of alphabet
styles for the characters. The symbol sets available to
the user can be changed with the SETSYM routine.
See the description of SETSYM for a list of character
tables. Examples of the character sets is plotted in the
appendix.
The basic routine for symbol generation is SYMBOL,
which actually makes the calls to PLOT that define the pen
strokes for the desired character. The routine NUMBER is a
routine that is designed to make the generation of numeric
labels convenient. Careful use of the labeling routines
will enhance the plot by attractively calling attention to
the labeled features for easy identification.
These routines are the included in FORLIB, the FORTRAN
library. Unlike the CALCNT and PLOT3D routines, FORLIB
routines get loaded automatically whenever they are needed.
The Labelling Routines are:
1. NUMBER - Draw a floating-point number.
2. SETSYM - Select a symbol set.
3. SYMBOL - Draw text on the plot.
4-37
Labeling Routines
4.3.1 Subroutine 'NUMBER'
---------- --------
Subroutine NUMBER will draw a floating-point number on
the plotter. This routine converts the number to a string
of digits and then calls subroutine SYMBOL.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL NUMBER (X0,X0,HEIGHT,FNUM,ANGLE,NDIG,IRAD)
**************************************
(X0,Y0) (input parameters) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the lower left hand corner of the first
character to be drawn (before rotation).
The value of 999.0 for X0 or Y0 means to not
change the appropriate pen coordinate.
HEIGHT (input parameter) is the height, in inches, of the
digits to be drawn.
FNUM (input parameter) is the floating-point number that
is to be converted and plotted.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle, in degrees, at
which the number is to be plotted.
NDIG (input parameter) controls the number of digits
plotted.
(NDIG > 0) the number of digits to the right of the
decimal point that are to be plotted. If
NDIG is greater than eight, only eight
digits will be plotted.
(NDIG = 0) only the integer portion of the number and
the decimal point will be plotted.
(NDIG = -1) only the integer portion of the number
will be plotted.
(NDIG -1) the absolute value of NDIG - 1 digits will
be truncated from the integer portion before
plotting.
IRAD (input parameter) is an optional argument. This
argument allows the user to specify the
output radix of the number. If IRAD equals
eight the number will be plotted in octal,
etc.
4-38
Labeling Routines
Example
-------
PI = 3.14159
CALL NUMBER (999.0, 999.0, 0.1, PI, 90.0, 2)
CC That drew '3.14' at 90 degrees, at the last
CC pen position
4.3.2 Subroutine 'SETSYM'
---------- --------
The SETSYM routine changes the character set used by
the SYMBOL routine. The system character sets are stored
in SYS:SYMBOL.DAT[1,4], users may use a private set if they
define the logical device name SYMBOL:.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL SETSYM(IFUNC,IARG,IANS)
or
CALL SETSYM('WIDTH',LETTER,WIDTH)
**************************************
IFUNC (input parameter) is the function to perform.
IARG (input parameter) is the argument for the function.
IANS (output parameter) is the returned value.
(IFUNC = 'TABLE') change the character set table. If IARG
is positive, read that table from
SYS:SYMBOL.DAT[1,4] (like the old ISETAB
function). If IARG is negative, read that
table from SYMBOL:SYMBOL.DAT[-] (like the
old MSETAB function).
IARG = (input parameter) The table to read.
IANS = (output parameter) The error flag. 0 means
table set up, -1 means an error was
encountered.
(IFUNC = 'QUERY') read the number of the current table and
return it in IANS.
4-39
Labeling Routines
IARG = (ignored)
IANS = (output parameter) The current table number.
(IFUNE = 'WIDTH') read the width of the character as
compared to the height.
IARG = (input parameter) Either a single character
between quotes, or an integer with the ASCII
code of the character.
WIDTH = (output parameter) The ratio of width to
height, usually in the neighborhood of 0.67,
and returned as 0.0 if no such character.
Symbol Tables
------ ------
Table Upper Lower Numbers Punctu-
Case Case ation
1 CSM Standard yes yes yes yes
2 CSM secondary yes no yes yes
3 Olde English yes yes yes yes
4 Old German yes yes no no
5 Old Italian yes yes no no
6 Script yes yes no no
7 Simplex Roman yes yes yes yes
8 Simplex Italics yes yes yes yes
9 Triplex Roman yes yes yes yes
10 Triplex Italics yes yes yes yes
11 Hershey's letters yes yes yes yes
12 Simplex Greek yes yes no no
13 Duplex Greek yes yes no no
The CSM software retains only one symbol table at any
given time; it contains the description of alphabetic and
numeric symbols, and SETSYM table #1 contains a set of
centered symbols for marking points.
4-40
Labeling Routines
There are 26 centered symbols in the CSM standard
symbol table (SETSYM table number 1). The exact same
centered symbols appear in the CSM secondary table (SETSYM
table number 2). These symbols are:
Centered Symbols
-------- -------
0 Square box 13 Vertical bar
1 Circle 14 Five pointed star
2 Triangle 15 Horizontal bar
3 Plus sign 16 Digit '0'
4 X 17 Digit '1'
5 Diamond 18 Digit '2'
6 Up arrow 19 Digit '3'
7 X with top bar 20 Digit '4'
8 Z 21 Digit '5'
9 Y 22 Digit '6'
10 Square Star 23 Digit '7'
11 Asterisk 24 Digit '8'
12 Hourglass 25 Digit '9'
4.3.3 Subroutine 'SYMBOL'
---------- --------
The SYMBOL subroutine draws alpha-numeric strings or
centered symbols of any height (minimum = 0.02 inches) at
any angle. There are 3 modes of operation for this
routine:
Mode 1: Draw text for titles and captions (NCHR > 0).
Mode 2: Draw a single character or symbol (NCHR = 0).
Mode 3: Draw a single centered symbol (NCHR < 0).
********** calling sequence **********
CALL SYMBOL (X0,Y0,HEIGHT,ICHARS,ANGLE,NCHR)
**************************************
4-41
Labeling Routines
Modes 1 and 2:
----- - --- --
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the lower left hand corner of the first
character to be drawn, before rotation by
ANGLE. The pen is up while moving to this
point. If X0 and/or Y0 are set to 999.0,
the next symbol will be drawn as a
continuation of the text previously drawn
(the pen will not be repositioned from its
current position at the end of the text).
HEIGHT (input parameter) is the height, in inches, of the
character(s) to be drawn. For symbol
library character set 1 the width/height is
8/8, this includes the spacing. For
example, a string of 16 characters 0.15
inches high will be 2.40 inches wide. This
is not true for other symbol sets.
ICHARS (input parameter) is the text to be drawn.
(for mode 1) ICHARS is either a literal enclosed by
apostrophes, or an array containing five
left-justified characters per element.
(for mode 2) ICHARS(1) is the number of the desired
character. ICHARS may be an array or an
undimensioned variable.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle in degrees at which
the text is to be plotted.
NCHR (input parameter) the mode of operation.
(NCHR > 0) is the number of characters to be plotted
from the ICHARS array (Mode 1).
(NCHR = 0) indicates that 1 character, as shown in
ICHARS, is to be plotted (Mode 2).
4-42
Labeling Routines
Mode 3:
---- --
(X0,Y0) (input parameter) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the center of the centered symbol. The pen
is returned to this point after the special
character is drawn.
HEIGHT (input parameter) is the height and width of the
desired symbol.
ICHARS (input parameter) is the integer equivalent of the
desired symbol, ICHARS(1) equals the value
of the integer equivalent. ICHARS may be an
array or an undimensioned variable.
ANGLE (input parameter) is the angle in degrees at which
the symbol is to be plotted.
NCHR (input parameter) is negative and determines
whether the pen is up or down during the
move to (X0,Y0).
(NCHR = -1) the pen is up during the move to (X0,Y0).
(NCHR = -2) the pen is down during the move to
(X0,Y0).
NOTE
The text symbols (in CSM library symbol table 1)
are generated on an 8 by 8 point (X,Y) grid with
the starting point at the lower left corner, and
finish point at the lower right corner. The
special characters are generated on a 5 by 5 point
grid with the starting and finishing points at the
center. The coordinates (Xn,Yn) of the lower left
hand corner of the Nth character to be plotted are
given by:
Xn = X0 + (N-1) * HEIGHT * COS(ANGLE)
Yn = Y0 + (N-1) * HEIGHT * SIN(ANGLE)
4-43
Obsolete Functions
4.4 OBSOLETE FUNCTIONS
The following FUNCTION subprograms are obsolete:
1. IPLOT - Replaced by subroutine PLOTS.
2. ISETAB - Replaced by subroutine SETSYM.
3. MSETAB - Replaced by subroutine SETSYM.
4.4.1 Function 'IPLOT'
-------- -------
This routine is obsolete. Subroutine PLOTS should be
used to initiate the plot. The change was made to be
compatible with DEC-supplied plotting routines, and to
allow the plotter type to be explicitly specified.
As an interim measure, a dummy IPLOT routine is
provided. It does the following:
FUNCTION IPLOT(IWARN)
IPLT = 0 !Zero means default plotter
IERR = IWARN !Number of messages to trace
CALL PLOTS(IPLT,IERR) !Call the right routine
IPLOT = IERR !Zero means OK
RETURN
END
NOTE
Subroutine IPLOT will eventually go away. All
programs that use IPLOT should be modified to use
PLOTS instead.
4-44
Obsolete Functions
4.4.2 Function 'ISETAB'
-------- --------
This routine has been replaced. Subroutine SETSYM
should be used to change the data table for subroutine
SYMBOL.
As an interim measure, a dummy ISETAB routine is
provided. It does the following:
FUNCTION ISETAB(ITABLE)
CALL SETSYM('TABLE',ITABLE,IERR) !Call the right routine
ISETAB = IERR !Zero means OK
RETURN
END
NOTE
Subroutine ISETAB will eventually go away. All
programs that use ISETAB should be modified to use
SETSYM instead.
4.4.3 Function 'MSETAB'
-------- --------
This routine has been replaced. Subroutine SETSYM
should be used to change the data table for subroutine
SYMBOL.
As an interim measure, a dummy MSETAB routine is
provided. It does the following:
FUNCTION MSETAB(ITABLE)
CALL SETSYM('TABLE',-ITABLE,IERR) !Call right routine
MSETAB = IERR !Zero means OK
RETURN
END
NOTE
Subroutine MSETAB will eventually go away. Any
programs that use MSETAB should be modified to use
SETSYM instead.
4-45
CHAPTER 5
CONTOURING AND 3-D ROUTINES
5.1 CONTOURING ROUTINES
---------- --------
The routines CALCNT, GRIDER, and CALSIZ allow the user
to take data that is (X,Y,Z) triples, reduce the data to
equally spaced 'grided' data, and plot the information as a
contour map of a specified size. The user should be very
aware of the fact that the basic (X,Y,Z) data provided to
subroutine GRIDER is changed according to internal
algorithms to make equally spaced data. It is the gridded
data that is plotted, NOT the users original data, and the
gridded data may contain 'artifacts'. The artifacts are
artificial highs or lows at a points in the gridded data
array caused by the algorithm used to make equally spaced
data.
To use these routines you must include LBY:CALCNT.REL
as part of your LOAD or EXECUTE command. For example:
.EXECUTE MYPROG.FOR,LBY:CALCNT.REL
-
The CALCNT contouring routines consist of:
1. CALCNT - Draws the contour from equally spaced data
2. CALSIZ - Changes the size of the contour map
3. GRIDER - Transforms (X,Y,Z) to equally spaced data
5-1
Contour Map Routines
5.1.1 Subroutine 'CALCNT'
---------- --------
This program will draw contours on a rectangular area
which has been defined by equally spaced data, i.e.
gridded data. The size of this area is normally 8 inches
by 8 inches, if the X and Y lengths are equal. If they are
not equal, the longer side of the rectangle will be 8
inches. The size may be altered by referencing subroutine
FACTOR or CALSIZ. Subroutine FACTOR will scale the entire
plot up or down and subroutine CALSIZ will only increase or
decrease the map size, the characters in the legend and the
contour elevations will stay the same size.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL CALCNT (X,Y,GRID,IX,IY,MAXX,MAXY,CLOW,CHIGH,
CINT,NELEV,LOWHI)
**************************************
(X,Y) (input parameter) is the coordinate, in inches, of
the lower left hand corner of the contour map.
Allow about .26 inches at the bottom of the map if
the legend is wanted. Allow about one (1) inch on
each side of the map if the elevations are to be
labeled.
GRID (input parameter) is the two dimensional array
containing the values to be contoured. The
location of a point on the map is defined by the
position of a point in the matrix.
IX (input parameter) is the number of contoured grids
in the X direction.
IY (input parameter) is the number of contoured grids
in the Y direction.
MAXX (input parameter) is the GRID array X dimension.
MAXY (input parameter) is the GRID array Y dimension.
CLOW (input parameter) is the lowest contour value.
CHIGH (input parameter) is the highest contour value. If
both CLOW and CHIGH are zero, they will be set to
the minimum and maximum of GRID array.
CINT (input parameter) is the contour interval.
(CINT > 0) CINT is the contour interval.
(CINT = 0) the contour interval is set equal to
5-2
Contour Map Routines
(CHIGH - CLOW) / 16.
(CINT 0) the contour interval is set equal to
(CHIGH - CLOW) / (-CINT).
NELEV (input parameter) indicates contour elevations
along the right and left hand sides of the map.
(NELEV > 0) the contour level label interval, i.e.
if NELEV = 3 label every third contour.
(NELEV = 0) do not label any contours.
(NELEV 0) do not label contours or draw a
perimeter.
LOWHI (input parameter) indicates lows and highs.
(LOWHI = 0) do not mark the lows and highs.
(LOWHI > 0) mark the lows and highs. The lows are
marked with an 'L' and the highs are
marked with an 'H'.
NOTE
The legend and the perimeter around the map are
drawn using the blue pen, every fifth (5th) contour
is drawn in black, and the lows and highs are drawn
in red.
5-3
Contour Map Routines
5.1.2 Subroutine 'CALSIZ'
---------- --------
CALSIZ allows the user to change the size of the
contour map to be plotted. CALSIZ is used with subroutine
CALCNT.
******** calling sequence **********
CALL CALSIZ (X,Y)
************************************
X (input parameter) is the maximum X direction size
allowed for the map, in inches.
Y (input parameter) is the maximum Y direction size
allowed for the map, in inches.
NOTE
This routine will NOT cause the contour map to be
expanded in one direction only. The grid will
remain square, and the map will be uniformly
reduced to fit the most demanding dimension. When
using this routine allow about an inch on both
sides of the map in the X direction for the contour
elevation label.
5-4
Contour Map Routines
5.1.3 Subroutine 'GRIDER'
---------- --------
GRIDER allows the user to grid irregularly spaced
three-dimensional data into equally spaced gridded data. A
weighted moving average technique is used to grid the data.
********** calling sequence **********
CALL GRIDER (N,X,Y,Z,GRDSIZ,IX,IY,ZZ,NX,NY,
MXMN,XMAX,XMIN,YMAX,YMIN,ZMAX,ZMIN)
**************************************
N (input parameter) is the number of (X,Y,Z)
three-dimensional data sets to be gridded.
(X,Y,Z) (input parameters) are the coordinates of the
irregularly spaced three-dimensional data to be
gridded.
(X) is an array that contains the X values.
(Y) is an array that contains the Y values.
(Z) is an array that contains the Z values.
GRDSIZ (input parameter) is the desired length of each
square in the grid. If GRDSIZ is less that or
equal to zero GRIDER will calculate the best grid
size from the input data.
(output parameter) is the length of the each square
in the grid. Warning - GRDSIZ may be changed by
subroutine GRIDER.
IX (input parameter) is the number of grid lines
wanted in the X direction. If IX is less than two
(2) GRIDER will calculate the best IX from the
input data.
(output parameter) is the number of grid lines used
in the X direction. Warning - IX may be changed
by subroutine GRIDER.
IY (input parameter) is the number of grid lines
wanted in the Y direction. If IY is less than two
(2) GRIDER will calculate the best IY from the
input data.
(output parameter) is the number of grid lines used
in the Y direction. Warning - IY may be changed
by subroutine GRIDER.
ZZ (output parameter) is the two-dimensional array
that contains the gridded data.
NX (input parameter) is the X dimension of the ZZ
array. NX is the maximum value allowed for IX.
5-5
Contour Map Routines
NY (input parameter) is the Y dimension of the ZZ
array. NY is the maximum value allowed for IY.
MXMN (input parameter) is a flag on whether or not to
calculate the X and Y maximums and minimums.
(MXMN = 0) calculate XMAX, XMIN, YMAX, and YMIN.
(MXMN > 0) do not calculate XMAX, XMIN, YMAX, and
YMIN, use what the user sends.
XMAX (input parameter) is the maximum X value.
(output parameter) is the maximum X value used by
subroutine GRIDER. Warning - XMAX may be changed
by subroutine GRIDER.
XMIN (input parameter) is the minimum X value.
(output parameter) is the minimum X value used by
subroutine GRIDER. Warning - XMIN may be changed
by subroutine GRIDER.
YMAX (input parameter) is the maximum Y value.
(output parameter) is the maximum Y value used by
subroutine GRIDER. Warning - YMAX may be changed
by subroutine GRIDER.
YMIN (input parameter) is the minimum Y value.
(output parameter) is the minimum Y value used by
subroutine GRIDER. Warning - YMIN may be changed
by subroutine GRIDER.
ZMAX (output parameter) the maximum Z value.
ZMIN (output parameter) the minimum Z value.
NOTE
This routine does not do any plotting.
5.2 3-D ROUTINES
--- --------
Documentation on SLIC3D, GRID3D, and LOOK3D to be
supplied at a later date.
5-6
CHAPTER 6
PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
6.1 STARTING AND STOPPING PLOTTING
-------- --- -------- --------
The graphics software for plotting routines requires a
specific sequence of calls to routines in the package in
order to properly initialize the plotting package, and also
to finish the plot correctly. The subroutine PLOTS is used
to set up the plotting package by checking window
privileges, getting the initial character set, and
gathering identification information for labeling the
spooled output. Subroutine PLOTS must be called BEFORE any
reference to a routine that tries to plot.
Correct termination of a plotting sequence is made by
calling PLOT with a third argument of 999. That is:
CALL PLOT (X,Y,999)
Failure to properly terminate a plot may cause loss of the
plot in handling because the spooling identification label
will be missing. Although a plot may be properly
initialized, and terminated, it is possible to lose
information on a plot due to the window limitations. When
the plotting routines are initialized, the origin of the
universal plotting window is set to the lower left corner
of a default 11 by 11 inch window. This default allows
only positive X and Y values to be plotted on the
unadjusted window. It is common practice to move the plot
origin away from the corner of the plot window to allow a
margin to contain title information, axis labels, and other
identification.
6-1
Programming Techniques
Example
-------
This example properly initializes a plot, resets the
origin to allow a margin for notations, changes the default
character set (with proper error recovery), and correctly
terminates the plot.
.
.
.
C
C *** START PLOT OUTPUT ***
C
IERR = 2 !Ask for 2 warnings
CALL PLOTS(IERR,0) !Start the plot
IF (IERR.NE.0) STOP '?CANNOT OPEN PLOT'
C
C *** SET ORIGIN TO ALLOW 1 INCH LEFT AND
C *** BOTTOM MARGINS WHILE PLOTTING ***
C
CALL PLOT (1.0, 1.0, -3)
.
.
.
C
C *** CHANGE TO SYMBOL SET #9 ***
C *** CLOSE PLOT AND STOP ***
C *** IF ANY PROBLEMS OCCUR ***
C
CALL SETSYM('TABLE',9,IERR)
IF (IERR.EQ.0) GOTO 400
CALL PLOT (X,Y,999) ! Must close plot first !!!
STOP '?FAILURE TO GET SYMBOL SET 9'
400 CONTINUE
.
.
.
C
C *** CLOSE PLOTTING OUTPUT ***
C
CALL PLOT (X,Y,999)
STOP
END
6-2
Programming Techniques
6.2 DEBUGGING TECHNIQUE
--------- ---------
Debugging should be done sequentially.
First, be sure that your program is producing the data
you wish to plot by using printouts before adding the
plotter routines.
Second, be sure that you are plotting the curve
correctly before adding lots of 'ginger bread' (axis,
title, grid, etc.).
Third, add the trimmings that produce an impressive
plot.
Common Errors
There are two common errors that give programmers
doing plotting the most trouble.
1. Not knowing what data values are being sent to the
plotting routines. Many apparent plotting errors are
in fact incorrect data values being sent to the
plotting routines. Please be sure to print a listing
of the data and check it for correctness before sending
it to the plotter.
2. Incorrect calling sequence for a given plotting
routine. The error may be due to a lack of sufficient
arguments for a routine (missing arguments) or
arguments of an incorrect type (e.g. the routine needs
an integer value, and you have supplied a real
variable, or visa-versa).
6-3
Warning and Error Messages
6.3 WARNING AND ERROR MESSAGES
------- --- ----- --------
The plotting package will issue warning and error
messages for any actions which cause detectable failures of
attempts to plot. The warning messages begin with the
percent sign (%) to indicate a non-fatal error, and the
program will continue. The error messages will begin with
a question mark (?), and will be fatal errors, that is, the
program execution will be halted.
Warning Messages
------- --------
%PLTWWE The window was exceeded
A reference to subroutine PLOT exceeded the
current window.
Error Messages (Fatal)
----- -------- -------
?PLTCSP Please contact the systems programmer.
This message means there is an error in the
plotting package that can not be self corrected.
6-4
APPENDIX A
SAMPLE PROGRAMS
This chapter contains an example of a program which
plots a function generated in a main program. The
subroutine LINPLT is then used to plot this function on a
linear-linear plot.
The second program is the one used to plot the
character sets one through thirteen found at the end of the
manual.
A.1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM #1 LINPLT
------- ------- --
This program calls a user defined plotting routine
called LINPLT. X is the arrary of X-values and Y is the
array of sinc(X).
DIMENSION X(10000),Y(10000)
I=0
DO 100 A=-360,360,.1
I=I+1
Y(I)=SIND(360*A/60)/A/ACOS(-1.)*180/(.5)
X(I)=A !generate the (X,Y) pair for SINC function
100 CONTINUE
CALL LINPLT(X,Y,I) !calling plotting subroutine
STOP
END
A-1
Sample Programs
SUBROUTINE LINPLT(X,Y,N)
DIMENSION X(N),Y(N),ITITLE(5)
DATA ITITLE/'PLOT OF A SINC FUNCTION'/
IERR=-9
C CALL PLOTS(IERR,'TEK') !direct plotting on TEK
CALL PLOTS(IERR,'SPOOL') !spooled output for DP-8
CALL ERASE !erase the screen if on TEK
IF(IERR.NE.0)STOP 'PLOT PROBLEM'
CALL PLOT(1.0,1.0,-3)
IP=NEWPEN(2)
CALL FACTOR(0.5) !scale everything down
CALL SYMBOL(1.5,4.25,.15,ITITLE,0.0,23)
XLEN=9.0
YLEN=4.0
NPT=N-2
CALL SCALE(X,XLEN,NPT) !scaling routine for LINE
CALL SCALE(Y,YLEN,NPT)
CALL LINE(X,Y,NPT,0,5,0) !connect (X,Y) pairs
CALL GRID(0,0,1.,1.,8,4) !put a grid on the plot
CALL PAUSEP(45) !pause for 45 sec if on TEK
CALL ERASE
CALL PLOT(W,V,999)
RETURN
END
A-2
Sample Programs
A.2 EXAMPLE PROGRAM #2 SYMBOL TABLES
------- ------- --
This is the program used to plot the thirteen symbol
tables found at the end of this manual. It makes use of
the SYMBOL and SETSYM subroutines.
PROGRAM TABLES !Draws the SYMBOL sets for Appendix D
DIMENSION TTL1(9),TTL2(7),DATE(3)
DATA TTL1/'CHARACTERS AVAILABLE IN SUBROUTINE "SYMBOL"'/
DATA TTL2/'CHARACTER SET IN SETSYM TABLE # '/
DATA DATE /'OCTOBER 1982'/
C Loop through all 13 tables
DO 40 ITABLE = 1,13
TYPE 10, ITABLE
10 FORMAT(' Starting SETSYM table #',I2)
IERR = 2 !2 error messages
CALL PLOTS(IERR,'SPOOL') !Start the plot
IF(IERR.NE.0)STOP 'PLOT FAIL'
CALL PLOT(0.0,1.0,-3) !Leave room for page numbers
CALL FACTOR(0.80) !Reduce size to 5.6 by 8.8
C Draw a box around the plot in blue
CALL NEWPEN(1,IERR) !Reset to blue pen
CALL PLOT(0.0, 0.0,3) !Lower left corner, pen up
CALL PLOT(0.0,11.0,2) !Left edge
CALL PLOT(8.5,11.0,2) !Top edge
CALL PLOT(8.5, 0.0,2) !Right edge
CALL PLOT(0.0, 0.0,2) !Bottom edge
C Draw the title using SETSYM table #1
CALL SETSYM('TABLE',1,IERR) !Reset to standard table
CALL NEWPEN(2,IERR) !Change to blue pen
ATYPE = FLOAT(ITABLE) !NUMBER needs a REAL arg
CALL SYMBOL(0.8,10.0,0.15,TTL1,0.0,43) !Plot titles
CALL SYMBOL(1.5,9.6,0.15,TTL2,0.0,32)
CALL NUMBER(999.0,999.0,0.25,ATYPE,0.0,-1,10)
X0 = 1.4 ; Y0 = 8.6 !Origin
C Change to new character set
ITEMP = ITABLE !Avoid warning from FORTRAN
CALL SETSYM('TABLE',ITEMP,IERR)
X = 1.5 ; Y = 9.2 ; H = 0.15
CALL SYMBOL(X,Y,H,'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',0.0,26)
Y = 9.0
CALL SYMBOL(X,Y,H,'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',0.0,26)
A-3
Sample Programs
C Create 6 columns, octal 40 thru 160
DO 20 ICOL = 2,7
X = X0 + FLOAT(ICOL-2)*1.0 + 0.50
C Do 16 rows in each column
DO 20 IROW = 0,15
Y = Y0 - FLOAT(IROW)*0.5 - 0.5
ICHAR = ICOL*16 + IROW
CALL SYMBOL(X,Y,0.30,ICHAR,0.0,0)
20 CONTINUE !End of DO IROW and DO ICOL
C Go back to standard characters and label each symbol
CALL SETSYM('TABLE',1,IERR)
IF(IERR.NE.0) STOP 'CANNOT CHANGE BACK TO #1'
CALL SYMBOL(3.25,0.2,0.15,DATE,0.0,12)
DO 30 ICOL = 2,7
X = X0 + FLOAT(ICOL-2)*1.0
C Label the top of each column
CALL SYMBOL(X,Y0,0.06,'DEC OCT SYM',0.0,11)
DO 30 IROW = 0,15
Y = Y0 - FLOAT(IROW)*0.5 - 0.5
ICHAR = ICOL*16 + IROW
AI = FLOAT(ICHAR)
CALL NUMBER(X,Y,0.06,AI,0.0,-1,10) !Decimal
X3 = X + 0.24
CALL NUMBER(X3,Y,0.06,AI,0.0,-1,8) !Octal
30 CONTINUE !End of DO IROW and DO ICOL
C Finish this plot correctly
40 CALL PLOT(X,Y,999) !End of DO ITABLE=1,13
END
A-4
APPENDIX B
LIBRARY PROGRAMS
This appendix shows sample runs of plotting programs
from the System Library.
1. EZPLOT - Draws simple graphs
2. GRAPH - Does curve approximation (spline fit)
3. SIMPLT - Rewrite of EZPLOT
4. DRAW - Interactive drawing for TEK 4012 or GIGI
B.1 EZPLOT
EZPLOT is the old work horse plotting routine of the
CSM library and has been in use for many years. This
routine allows the user to view his data in a quick and
dirty fashion. The program is quick to use but does lack
some of the frills of GRAPH or SIMPLT
.RUN LBY:EZPLOT
[11:59:05]
DO YOU WANT GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ? *YES
DATA INPUT MUST BE REAL AND IN X,Y PAIRS.
DATA MAY BE ENTERED FROM A TERMINAL
OR READ FROM AN INPUT DATA FILE.
YOU WILL BE ASKED TO SPECIFY LABELS FOR THE
X AND Y AXES, TO DETERMINE THEIR LENGTHS,
AND TO GIVE A TITLE FOR THE PLOT.
YOU MUST SPECIFY WHETHER YOU WANT SYMBOLS PLOTTED
AT EACH POINT, A CONNECTING LINE DRAWN, OR BOTH.
B-1
Library Programs
NOTE: THE LINE MAY BE DASHED OR SOLID.
YOU WILL BE GIVEN THE OPTION OF A LINEAR-LINEAR,
LINEAR-LOG, LOG-LINEAR OR LOG-LOG PLOT.
YOU MAY SELECT AUTO SCALING, IN WHICH CASE THE
MAX AND MIN VALUES OF THE ARRAY ARE USED FOR SCALING,
OR YOU MAY SPECIFY THE UPPER AND LOWER
BOUNDS TO BE USED FOR SCALING.
IF MORE THAN ONE SET OF DATA WILL BE PLOTTED
ON THE SAME AXES, SPECIFY AN UPPER BOUND AND A
LOWER BOUND FOR THE FIRST SET OF DATA WHICH WILL
ACCOMMODATE THE SUBSEQUENT SETS OF DATA.
THE PEN WILL BE BLACK FOR THE FIRST SET OF DATA
PLOTTED. YOU HAVE THE OPTION OF CHANGING THE COLOR
FOR SUBSEQUENT SETS OF DATA ON THE SAME AXES.
TYPE T IF YOU WISH TO TYPE IN DATA
TYPE F IF YOU WISH DATA READ FROM A FILE
*F
WHAT IS THE NAME OF YOUR INPUT FILE ? *FOR10.DAT
ENTER FORMAT OF DATA INCLUDING PARENS
CANNOT EXCEED 30 CHARACTERS INCLUDING THE PARENS.
*(2G)
4 DATA VALUES READ
DO YOU WANT THE DATA TYPED ON YOUR TERMINAL ? *NO
TYPE THE X-AXIS LABEL,20 CHARACTERS OR LESS
*Title of x-axis
TYPE THE Y-AXIS LABEL, 20 CHARACTERS OR LESS
*Title of y-axis
TYPE A TITLE FOR THE GRAPH,20 CHAR OR LESS
*Title of plot
IF YOU WANT A SYMBOL PLOTTED AT EACH POINT, TYPE -1
IF YOU WANT A LINE DRAWN CONNECTING PTS, TYPE 0
IF YOU WANT BOTH SYMBOLS AND A LINE, TYPE 1
*0
FOR A DASHED LINE, TYPE 1
FOR A SOLID LINE, TYPE 0
*1
FOR LINEAR-LINEAR PLOT, TYPE 1
FOR LINEAR-LOG PLOT, TYPE 2
B-2
Library Programs
FOR LOG-LINEAR PLOT, TYPE 3
FOR LOG-LOG PLOT, TYPE 4
*1
THE X AND Y AXES HAVE A MAX OF 9.0 INCHES
TYPE THE LENGTH OF THE X AXIS
*8
TYPE THE LENGTH OF THE Y AXIS
*8
DO YOU WANT AUTOMATIC SCALING, Y OR N ? *Y
ARE GRAPH SPECIFICATIONS CORRECT ?
IF NOT, PROGRAM ASKS ALL GRAPH SPECS AGAIN.
*Y
DO YOU WANT ANOTHER SET OF DATA
PLOTTED ON THE SAME SET OF AXES ? *N
STOP
End of Execution
NOTE
The value or characters preceded by * are typed in
by the user
B-3
Library Programs
B.2 GRAPH
GRAPH is another library program.
.RUN LBY:GRAPH
[13:08:02]
THIS A FINAL PLOTTING PROGRAM IN WHICH
THE USER CAN PRODUCE A FINAL, POLISHED PLOT.
THE USER SHOULD THOROUGHLY KNOW HIS DATA
BEFORE RUNNING THIS PROGRAM.
ENTER PLOT TITLE (--2-- LINES OF 50 CHAR. MAX.)
(HIT THE <RETURN> AFTER EACH LINE.)
This is the title of the plot,
it is 2 lines long.
FOR PLOT TITLE TO APPEAR AT TOP --ENTER "T"
FOR PLOT TITLE TO APPEAR AT BOTTOM --ENTER "B"
T
CHOOSE THE TYPE OF GRAPH TO BE PLOTTED.
LINEAR-LINEAR GRAPH --ENTER "1"
LINEAR-LOG GRAPH --ENTER "2"
LOG-LINEAR GRAPH --ENTER "3"
LOG-LOG GRAPH --ENTER "4"
1
DO YOU WANT THE X-AXIS TO INTERSECT
THE Y-AXIS AT SOME POINT OTHER THAN THE
LOWER-LEFT CORNER OF THE GRAPH ?
NO
THE X-AXIS WILL BE DEALT WITH FIRST.
ENTER THE TITLE FOR THE AXIS (50 CHAR. MAX.)
This is the X-AXIS
ENTER THE LENGTH FOR THE X-AXIS LINE(1" to 10").
10
ENTER THE START AND END VALUES FOR X-AXIS.
(LEFT VALUE , RIGHT VALUE)
0,10
ENTER THE INCREMENT (IN DATA UNITS) BETWEEN
LABELED TIC MARKS ALONG THE AXIS.
(THESE TICS WILL BE LABELED)
1
HOW MANY INTERMEDIATE DIVISIONS
DO YOU WANT BETWEEN THE LABELED TICS?
(THESE DIVISIONAL TICS WILL NOT BE LABELED.)
5
B-4
Library Programs
IN LABELING THE AXIS, HOW MANY SIG FIGS
DO YOU WANT PRINTED PAST THE DECIMAL?
(IF DECIMAL POINTS ARE NOT DESIRED--ENTER "-1" )
1
WAS ALL THE X-AXIS INFORMATION PUT IN CORRECTLY ?
Y
THE Y-AXIS WILL NOW BE DEALT WITH.
ENTER THE TITLE FOR THE AXIS (50 CHAR. MAX.)
This is the Y-AXIS
ENTER THE LENGTH FOR THE Y-AXIS LINE(1" to 9").
7
ENTER THE START AND END VALUES FOR Y-AXIS.
(BOTTOM VALUE , TOP VALUE)
0,100
ENTER THE INCREMENT (IN DATA UNITS) BETWEEN
LABELED TIC MARKS ALONG THE AXIS.
(THESE TICS WILL BE LABELED)
10
HOW MANY INTERMEDIATE DIVISIONS
DO YOU WANT BETWEEN THE LABELED TICS?
(THESE DIVISIONAL TICS WILL NOT BE LABELED.)
5
IN LABELING THE AXIS, HOW MANY SIG FIGS
DO YOU WANT PRINTED PAST THE DECIMAL?
(IF DECIMAL POINTS ARE NOT DESIRED--ENTER "-1" )
-1
WAS ALL THE Y-AXIS INFORMATION PUT IN CORRECTLY ?
Y
WHAT PEN COLOR DO YOU WANT FOR BOTH AXES?
(BLUE, BLACK, OR RED)
BLUE
WOULD YOU LIKE A GRID TO BE DRAWN ?
NO
THE DATA WILL NOW BE DEALT WITH.
TO ENTER THE DATA POINTS FROM YOUR TERMINAL--ENTER "T"
TO ENTER THE DATA POINTS FROM A DATA FILE --ENTER "F"
F
WHAT IS THE NAME OF YOUR DATA FILE ?
TEST.DAT
ENTER THE FORMAT OF YOUR DATA.
(INCLUDE PARENTHESIS)
B-5
Library Programs
(2G)
TO PLOT SYMBOLS AT THE DATA POINTS --ENTER "-1"
TO PLOT A LINE THROUGH THE DATA POINTS --ENTER "0"
TO PLOT BOTH LINE AND SYMBOLS --ENTER "1"
TO PLOT A DASHED-LINE --ENTER "2"
TO PLOT BOTH DASHED-LINE AND SYMBOLS --ENTER "3"
TO PLOT A BEST-FIT-LINE OF THE DATA POINTS--ENTER "4"
(POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION)
TO PLOT BOTH BEST-FIT-LINE AND SYMBOLS --ENTER "5"
5
CHOOSE THE SYMBOL TO BE PLOTTED:
SQUARE --ENTER "0"
CIRCLE --ENTER "1"
TRIANGLE--ENTER "2"
+ --ENTER "3"
X --ENTER "4"
DIAMOND --ENTER "5"
* --ENTER "6"
LOZENGE --ENTER "10"
STAR --ENTER "14"
2
WHAT PEN COLOR DO YOU WANT FOR THE PLOT?
BLACK
WHAT DEGREE OF POLYNOMIAL WOULD YOU LIKE
THE DATA POINTS TO BE FIT TO ?
2
DO YOU WANT THE CURVE-FIT-LINE TO EXTEND
TO THE EDGES OF THE GRAPH ?
Y
THE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE BEST-CURVE-FIT
LINE (IN ASCENDING ORDER) ARE:
0.0000000
0.0000001
1.0000000
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT MORE DATA ON THIS GRAPH ?
NO
A PLOT FILE HAS BEEN CREATED, AND EXISTS
NOW ON YOUR AREA. IF YOU ARE LOGGED-IN AT
A TEKTRONIX, THE PLOT CAN BE VIEWED BY THE
COMMAND: R TEK
STOP
End of Execution
CPU Time: 1.01 Elapsed time: 3:10.63
EXIT
B-6
Library Programs
.DIRECT *.PLT
[13:12:01]
QA63NZ PLT 23 <077> 1-Nov-82 DSKA:[11,10] GRAPH
.TEK QA63NZ.PLT
[13:12:26
(The TEK program shows the plot on the screen)
.PLOT *.PLT
[13:13:26]
[Plotter job GRAPH queued, request #2067, limit 4]
NOTE
Everything that starts on column 1 was typed by the
user.
B.3 SIMPLT
SIMPLT is a newer version of a quick plotting program.
The main benifit of this program is that it can be used to
make very simple plots or fancy plots. This program also
has the advantage of having a cubic spline curve smoothing
for the lines connecting the data points.
.R LBY:SIMPLT
[11:07:59]
Welcome to SIMPLT, version 1.17
Do you need instructions? *Y
SIMPLT.HLP 13-Dec-80
Some of the features of SIMPLT are:
Logarithmic plotting
Centered symbols
Dashed or solid lines
Up to ten sets of data on a single plot
Automatic scaling
Cubic spline curve smoothing
Polynomial regression curve fitting
Extensive error checking
To use SIMPLT, type:
.RUN LBY:SIMPLT
B-7
Library Programs
Then just answer the questions. Good luck!!!
[End of SIMPLT.HLP]
For input files, you may type any valid file spec.
Default format is (2G).
To type data, enter file spec as
either 'TTY:' or 'TYPE'.
Input file: *{Input the file name}
Enter format (include parens): *(2G)
EOF reached. read terminates with 4 points read.
Would you like to see the data? *N
Another set of data? *N
[ 1 sets entered]
Title of graph: *The desired title for the plot
X axis title: *The title of the x-axis
X axis length (inches): *8
Is the x axis logarithmic? *N
Y axis title: *The title of the y-axis
Y axis length (inches): *8
Is the y axis logarithmic? *N
Would you like a grid? *Y
Line # 1 - What color (blue, black, or red)? *BLACK
Centered symbols? *Y
Connecting lines? *Y
Dashed lines? *Y
Plot is finished. Thank you.
End of Execution
--------------------------------------------------------
OR
Centered symbols? *Y
Connecting lines? *N
Smoothed lines? *N
Polynomial regression line? *Y
Degree of curve (5 or less, please)? *4
Do you want the regression line to be
drawn to the edges of the graph? *Y
B-8
Library Programs
Plot is finished. Thank you.
End of Execution
--------------------------------------------------------
OR
Centered symbols? *Y
Connecting lines? *N
Smoothed lines? *Y
Dashed lines? *Y
Plot is finished. Thank you.
End of Execution
NOTE
The responses preceded by an asterisk are typed by
the user
B.4 DRAW
The DRAW package consists of a series of programs that
run interactively on the TEK 4012 or GIGI graphics
terminals. The program triggers the crosshairs on the
terminal, so that the user can position the crosshairs and
type single-letter commands.
The manual for the DRAW package is available by
.PRINT MAN:DRAW.MAN
NOTE
The DRAW package is suitable for the
generation one-shot special plots, and is not
recommended for graphing data.
B-9
APPENDIX C
HELP AND DOCUMENTARY FILES ON PLOTTING
C.1 HELP FILES ON PLOTTING
On the computer in the help files (HLP:) and in the
documentary files (DOC:), there is a series of files which
can aid a user in writting plotting programs.
1. The command ".HELP PLOTS" will type out the general
PLOT help file.
2. The command ".HELP PLOTROUTINES" will type out
HLP:PLOTRO.HLP. This help file consists of a list of
plot subroutines and their arguments.
3. The file DOC:PLOT.DOC documents the differences between
the old version 11 routines and the current version 12
routines.
4. A copy of this manual is stored on MAN:PLOT.MAN, but
that copy does not have any of the plots from Appendix
D, and is bulky. A better copy of this manual is
available from the Dispatcher at the CSM Computing
Center, on the Colorado School of Mines campus.
C-1
APPENDIX D
EXAMPLES OF SYMBOL SETS
The following is examples of the thirteen character
sets available on the system. These sets may be retrieved
by using the SETSYM subroutine.
The thirteen character sets are:
1. CSM Standard
2. CSM Secondary
3. Olde English
4. Old German
5. Old Italian
6. Script
7. Simplex Roman
8. Simplex Italics
9. Triplex Roman
10. Triplex Italics
11. Hershey's letters
12. Simplex Greek
13. Duplex Greek
D-1
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.1 SETSYM TABLE 1 CSM STANDARD
------ ----- -
D-2
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.2 SETSYM TABLE 2 CSM SECONDARY
------ ----- -
D-3
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.3 SETSYM TABLE 3 OLDE ENGLISH
------ ----- -
D-4
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.4 SETSYM TABLE 4 OLD GERMAN
------ ----- -
D-5
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.5 SETSYM TABLE 5 OLD ITALIAN
------ ----- -
D-6
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.6 SETSYM TABLE 6 SCRIPT
------ ----- -
D-7
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.7 SETSYM TABLE 7 SIMPLEX ROMAN
------ ----- -
D-8
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.8 SETSYM TABLE 8 SIMPLEX ITALICS
------ ----- -
D-9
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.9 SETSYM TABLE 9 TRIPLEX ROMAN
------ ----- -
D-10
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.10 SETSYM TABLE 10 TRIPLEX ITALICS
------ ----- --
D-11
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.11 SETSYM TABLE 11 HERSHEY'S LETTERS
------ ----- --
D-12
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.12 SETSYM TABLE 12 SIMPLEX GREEK
------ ----- --
D-13
Examples of SYMBOL sets
D.13 SETSYM TABLE 13 DUPLEX GREEK
------ ----- --
D-14
GRAPHICS MANUAL
4006 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
4012 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
4025 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
999
AXES . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . 4-38
PLOT . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11, 6-1
PLOTS . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
SYMBOL . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
ARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 4-20
AXES . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
AXIS . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26
CALCNT . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
CALCOMP . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
CALSIZ . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Centered symbols . . . . . . 4-41
Common errors . . . . . . . 6-3
Coordinate system . . . . . 3-5
DASHLN . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
Debugging . . . . . . . . . 6-3
DMP-4R . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 4-4, 4-19 to 4-20
DP-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
ERASE . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4, 4-2
Error messages . . . . . . . 6-4
Example programs . . . . . . A-1
LINPLT . . . . . . . . . . A-1
symbol table routines . . A-3
FACTOR . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 4-3, 4-5, 4-14, 4-20
GIGI . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 3-1, 4-19 to 4-20
Graphics terminal . . . . . 4-6, 4-9, 4-12
hardware . . . . . . . . . 2-3 to 2-4
policies . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Graphing routines . . . . . 4-23
GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
Grider . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
ARDS . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
GIGI . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
graphics terminal . . . . 2-3 to 2-4
Houston Instruments DP-8 . 2-1
ReGIS plotter . . . . . . 2-5
Index-i
TEKTRONIX . . . . . . . . 2-3
Help . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
HELP PLOTROUTINES . . . . C-1
HELP PLOTS . . . . . . . . C-1
PLOT.DOC . . . . . . . . . C-1
Houston Instruments DP-8 . . 1-1, 2-1, 3-1, 3-6, 4-1, 4-9,
4-20
window size . . . . . . . 1-2
Ink colors . . . . . . . . . 1-3
IPLOT . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
ISETAB . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
Library programs
DRAW . . . . . . . . . . . B-9
EZPLOT . . . . . . . . . . B-1
GRAPH . . . . . . . . . . B-4
SIMPLT . . . . . . . . . . B-7
LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
LINPLT . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
LOGAX . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
LOGAXS . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33
Monitor PLOT command . . . . 3-1
examples . . . . . . . . . 3-3
switches . . . . . . . . . 3-2
MSETAB . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
NEWPEN . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38, A-3
Obsolete functions . . . . . 4-44
Operator . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 4-9
OPRTXT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3, 4-6, 4-9
ORIGIN . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3, 4-5, 4-15
Origin . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Paper
NORMAL . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
P311 . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
PAUSEP . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7, 4-9
Pen colors . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Pixel . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
PLOT . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 6-2
close . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
initiate . . . . . . . . . 4-12
monitor command . . . . . 2-2, 3-1
examples . . . . . . . . 3-3
switches . . . . . . . . 3-2
open . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
subroutine . . . . . . . . 4-8
terminate . . . . . . . . 4-11
PLOT(X,Y,-3) . . . . . . . . 4-9, 4-14
Index-ii
PLOT(X,Y,999) . . . . . . . 4-11, 6-1
PLOTS . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12, 4-20, 6-2
'DMP4R' . . . . . . . . . 2-5
'GIGI' . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
'SPOOL' . . . . . . . . . 2-2
'TEK' . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
IPLT=0 . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 to 2-5
Plotter
defaults . . . . . . . . . 1-2
hardware . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Plotting
error messages . . . . . . 6-4
starting . . . . . . . . . 6-1
stopping . . . . . . . . . 6-1
warnings . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Policies . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
copies . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
distribution . . . . . . . 1-1
graphics terminal . . . . 1-2
standard plotter defaults 1-2
window size . . . . . . . 1-2
Programming techniques . . . 6-1
debugging . . . . . . . . 6-3
starting plotting . . . . 6-1
stopping plotting . . . . 6-1
ReGIS . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 4-19 to 4-20
Resolution
DMP-4R . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
GIGI . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Houston Instruments DP-8 . 2-1
TEKTRONIX . . . . . . . . 2-3
RGSPLT . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 2-4 to 2-5
ROTATE . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 4-14
Sample programs . . . . . . A-1
SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
DELTAV . . . . . . . . . . 4-30, 4-34
FIRSTV . . . . . . . . . . 4-30, 4-34
SETSYM . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18, 4-37, 4-39, 6-2, A-3
Setsym . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
SETWIN . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4, 4-14, 4-16
SITGO . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Software . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3-D routines . . . . . . . 5-6
contouring routines . . . 5-1
coordinate system . . . . 3-5
debugging . . . . . . . . 6-3
error messages . . . . . . 6-4
labeling routines . . . . 4-37
plotting subroutines . . . 4-1
symbol sets . . . . . . . 3-6
warnings . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Index-iii
Spooling . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
SPROUT . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 4-9
Standard symbol library . . 3-6
Starting plots . . . . . . . 6-1
Stopping plots . . . . . . . 6-1
Subroutine
AXES . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
AXIS . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26
CALCNT . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
CALSIZ . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
DASHLN . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
ERASE . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
FACTOR . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
GRID . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
GRIDER . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
IPLOT . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
ISETAB . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
LINE . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
LOGAX . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
LOGAXS . . . . . . . . . . 4-33
MSETAB . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
NEWPEN . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . 4-38
OPRTXT . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
ORIGIN . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
PAUSEP . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
PLOT . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
PLOTS . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
ROTATE . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
SCALE . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
SETSYM . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
SETWIN . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
SUBWIN . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
SYMBOL . . . . . . . . . . 4-41
TITLE . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
WHERE . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
XHAIRS . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
SUBWIN . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4, 4-17
SYMBOL . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18, 4-38, 4-41, 6-2, A-3
Symbol sets . . . . . . . . 3-6
available . . . . . . . . 4-40
centered symbols . . . . . 4-41
standard symbol library . 3-6
Symbol table routines
NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . A-4
SETSYM . . . . . . . . . . A-4
SYMBOL . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Symbol tables . . . . . . . D-1
Table-top plotter . . . . . 2-1
TEK program . . . . . . . . 2-3 to 2-4, 3-1, 3-6
TEKPLT . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 to 2-3
TEKTRONIX . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 2-1, 3-1, 4-4, 4-20
Index-iv
TEKVUE program . . . . . . . 3-6
TITLE . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
VT125 . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 4-19 to 4-20
Warning messages . . . . . . 6-4
WHERE . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Window . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
subwindow . . . . . . . . 3-4
universal . . . . . . . . 3-4
Window size . . . . . . . . 1-2
XHAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Index-v