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TOPS-10 Operator's Guide
| Electronically Distributed
|
|
|
| This guide gives the computer operator a
| task-oriented reference for using the TOPS-10
| operating system. This guide supercedes the
| TOPS-10 Operator's Guide published in October
| 1988. The part number for that guide,
| AA-H283CB-TB, is obsolete.
Operating System: TOPS-10 Version 7.04
Software: GALAXY Version 5.1
digital equipment corporation maynard, massachusetts
| TOPS-10 Software Update Tape No. 03, September 1990
First Printing, July 1980
Revised, April 1986
Revised, October 1988
| Revised, September 1990
The information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such
license.
No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on
equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its
affiliated companies.
| Copyright C 1980, 1986, 1988, 1990 Digital Equipment Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation:
CI DECtape LA50 SITGO-10
DDCMP DECUS LN01 TOPS-10
DEC DECwriter LN03 TOPS-20
DECmail DELNI MASSBUS TOPS-20AN
DECnet DELUA PDP UNIBUS
DECnet-VAX HSC PDP-11/24 UETP
DECserver HSC-50 PrintServer VAX
DECserver 100 KA10 PrintServer 40 VAX/VMS
DECserver 200 KI Q-bus VT50
DECsystem-10 KL10 ReGIS
DECSYSTEM-20 KS10 RSX d i g i t a l
CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1 THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
1.1 RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-i
1.2 DUTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-i
1.2.1 Hardware-Related Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.2.2 Software-Related Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.3 DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.3.1 Supplied by DIGITAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.3.2 Supplied by Your Installation . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.3.3 CTY Output Logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
2.1 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 CENTRAL PROCESSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.3 MEMORY SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.4 FRONT-END PROCESSORS (KL SYSTEMS) . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.5 FLOPPY DISKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.6 DECtapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.7 THE MICROPROCESSOR (KS SYSTEMS) . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.8 PERIPHERAL DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.8.1 Overview of Peripheral Device Maintenance . . . 2-5
2.8.2 Line Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.8.3 Card Readers/Punches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.8.4 DECtapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.8.5 Disk Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.8.6 Magnetic Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.8.7 Plotters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.8.8 Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.8.8.1 Hardcopy Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.8.8.2 CRT Display Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.8.9 Remote Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
3.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2 LANGUAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2.1 MACRO Assembler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2.2 Compilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.2.3 Interpreters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.3 UTILITIES AND OTHER SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
iii
CHAPTER 4 STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
4.1 SWITCHES AND LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2 POWERING UP THE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.3 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING DEFAULT PARAMETERS . . . 4-4
4.3.1 Powering Up and Loading from Disk . . . . . . . 4-4
4.3.2 Reloading the Monitor from Disk . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.3.3 Powering Up and Loading from Magnetic Tape . . . 4-6
4.4 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING NONDEFAULT PARAMETERS . . 4-7
4.4.1 Loading from Disk and Changing Parameters . . . 4-8
4.4.2 Loading from Magnetic Tape and Changing
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
4.4.3 Loading the Monitor from a Nondefault File . . 4-10
4.5 ANSWERING MONITOR STARTUP QUESTIONS . . . . . . 4-10
CHAPTER 5 STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
5.1 SWITCHES AND LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5.2 POWERING UP THE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5.3 FAMILIARIZING YOURSELF WITH RSX-20F . . . . . . . 5-7
5.3.1 Using the PARSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5.3.2 Using KLINIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5.4 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING DEFAULT PARAMETERS . . 5-10
5.4.1 Loading RSX-20F from Disk . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
5.4.2 Reloading the Monitor from Disk . . . . . . . 5-12
5.4.3 Loading RSX-20F from Floppy Disks . . . . . . 5-12
5.4.4 Loading RSX-20F from DECtape . . . . . . . . 5-14
5.5 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING NONDEFAULT PARAMETERS . 5-15
5.5.1 Loading RSX-20F Using the Switch Register . . 5-16
5.5.2 Loading from Magnetic Tape . . . . . . . . . 5-20
5.5.3 Loading the Monitor from a Nondefault File . . 5-21
5.6 ANSWERING MONITOR STARTUP QUESTIONS . . . . . . 5-22
5.7 LOADING A COMMUNICATIONS FRONT END . . . . . . . 5-24
5.7.1 Loading with BOOT11 over a DL10 . . . . . . . 5-25
5.7.2 Loading with DTELDR over a DTE20 . . . . . . . 5-27
5.8 LOADING THE DX10 OR DX20 DATA CHANNEL . . . . . 5-28
5.9 RUNNING SYMMETRIC MULTIPROCESSING (SMP) SYSTEMS 5-31
5.9.1 Loading and Starting an SMP System . . . . . . 5-32
5.9.2 Restarting a Nonpolicy CPU (SMP Systems Only) 5-35
CHAPTER 6 THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO OPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2 RUNNING OPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2.1 Starting OPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.2.2 Exiting from OPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.2.3 Issuing OPR Commands to/from ANF-10 Remote
Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.2.4 Multiple Operators on the System . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.3 OPR COMMAND FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
iv
6.3.1 Listing Available Commands . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.3.2 Using ESCape Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
6.3.3 Reprinting Faulty Commands . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
6.3.4 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
6.3.5 Line Continuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
6.4 CONTROLLING ORION TO OPR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . 6-8
6.5 OPR ERROR MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . 6-10
CHAPTER 7 GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.1 CONTROLLING SYSTEM EVENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.1.1 Closing the ORION Log File . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
7.1.2 Scheduling System Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
7.1.3 Controlling Usage Accounting . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
7.1.4 Executing Command Files . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
7.2 BATCH RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
7.3 CONTROLLING BATCH STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
7.3.1 Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
7.3.2 Starting Batch Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
7.3.3 Stopping Batch Streams Temporarily . . . . . . 7-11
7.3.4 Continuing Batch Streams . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
7.3.5 Shutting Down Batch Streams . . . . . . . . . 7-12
7.3.6 Sending Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
7.3.7 Displaying Batch Stream Parameters . . . . . . 7-13
7.3.8 Displaying Batch Stream Status . . . . . . . . 7-14
7.4 CONTROLLING FAL STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
7.4.1 Defining FAL Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
7.4.2 Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
7.4.3 Starting FAL Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
7.4.4 Stopping FAL Streams Temporarily . . . . . . . 7-17
7.4.5 Continuing FAL Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
7.4.6 Shutting Down FAL Streams . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
7.4.7 Displaying FAL Stream Parameters . . . . . . . 7-18
7.4.8 Displaying FAL Stream Status . . . . . . . . . 7-19
7.5 CONTROLLING NQC STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
7.5.1 Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
7.5.2 Starting NQC Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
7.5.3 Stopping NQC Streams Temporarily . . . . . . . 7-20
7.5.4 Continuing NQC Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
7.5.5 Shutting Down NQC Streams . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
7.5.6 Displaying NQC Stream Parameters . . . . . . . 7-22
7.5.7 Displaying NQC Stream Status . . . . . . . . . 7-22
7.6 CONTROLLING BATCH JOBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
7.6.1 Examining the Batch Queue . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
7.6.2 Holding Batch Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
7.6.3 Releasing Batch Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
7.6.4 Aborting Running Batch Jobs . . . . . . . . . 7-26
7.6.5 Requeuing Batch Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
7.6.6 Modifying Batch Requests . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
7.6.7 Deleting Batch Requests . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
7.7 CONTROLLING THE LINE PRINTER . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
v
7.7.1 Setting Line Printer Parameters . . . . . . . 7-29
7.7.2 Using the LPFORM.INI File . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
7.7.3 Using the LPFONT.INI File . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
7.7.4 Starting the Line Printer . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
7.7.5 Stopping the Line Printer Temporarily . . . . 7-36
7.7.6 Continuing the Line Printer . . . . . . . . . 7-36
7.7.7 Shutting Down the Line Printer . . . . . . . . 7-37
7.7.8 Displaying Line Printer Parameters . . . . . . 7-37
7.7.9 Displaying Line Printer Status . . . . . . . . 7-38
7.8 CONTROLLING FORMS ON THE LINE PRINTER . . . . . 7-39
7.8.1 Aligning Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41
7.8.2 Backspacing Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
7.8.3 Forwardspacing Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43
7.8.4 Suppressing Carriage Control . . . . . . . . . 7-44
7.9 CONTROLLING LINE PRINTER JOBS . . . . . . . . . 7-45
7.9.1 Examining the Printer Queue . . . . . . . . . 7-45
7.9.2 Holding Line Printer Jobs . . . . . . . . . . 7-47
7.9.3 Releasing Line Printer Jobs . . . . . . . . . 7-48
7.9.4 Canceling Line Printer Jobs . . . . . . . . . 7-48
7.9.5 Requeuing Line Printer Jobs . . . . . . . . . 7-49
7.9.6 Modifying Line Printer Requests . . . . . . . 7-50
7.9.7 Deleting Line Printer Requests . . . . . . . . 7-50
7.9.8 Specifying the next Line Printer Job . . . . . 7-51
7.10 SENDING PRINTER OUTPUT TO MAGNETIC TAPE . . . . 7-52
7.11 CONTROLLING LAT DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-55
7.11.1 Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56
7.11.2 Resetting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56
7.11.3 Starting LAT Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57
7.11.4 Stopping LAT Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-58
7.11.5 Changing LAT Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-58
7.11.6 Displaying LAT Activity . . . . . . . . . . . 7-58
7.12 CONTROLLING THE CARD READER . . . . . . . . . . 7-59
7.12.1 Starting the Card Reader . . . . . . . . . . . 7-60
7.12.2 Stopping the Card Reader . . . . . . . . . . . 7-60
7.12.3 Continuing the Card Reader . . . . . . . . . . 7-61
7.12.4 Shutting Down the Card Reader . . . . . . . . 7-61
7.12.5 Displaying Card Reader Status . . . . . . . . 7-62
7.12.6 Canceling a Card Reader Job . . . . . . . . . 7-62
7.13 CONTROLLING CARD PUNCH, PAPERTAPE PUNCH, AND
PLOTTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-63
7.13.1 Setting Output Device Parameters . . . . . . . 7-64
7.13.2 Using the SPFORM.INI File . . . . . . . . . . 7-66
7.13.3 Starting Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . 7-68
7.13.4 Stopping Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . 7-69
7.13.5 Continuing Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . 7-70
7.13.6 Shutting Down Output Devices . . . . . . . . . 7-70
7.13.7 Displaying Output Device Parameters . . . . . 7-71
7.13.8 Displaying Output Device Status . . . . . . . 7-71
7.14 CONTROLLING JOBS ON OUTPUT DEVICES . . . . . . . 7-72
7.14.1 Examining the Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-73
7.14.2 Holding Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-75
7.14.3 Releasing Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-75
vi
7.14.4 Canceling Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-76
7.14.5 Requeuing Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-77
7.14.6 Modifying Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-77
7.14.7 Deleting Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-78
7.14.8 Specifying the NEXT Job . . . . . . . . . . . 7-78
7.15 GALAXY CRASH RECOVERY PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . 7-79
CHAPTER 8 SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
8.1 UPDATING THE MESSAGE OF THE DAY . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.2 UPDATING THE ACCOUNTING FILE WITH REACT . . . . . 8-2
8.3 CONTROLLING USAGE ACCOUNTING . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
8.4 MAINTAINING SYSTEM CATALOG FILES . . . . . . . . . 8-4
8.5 SAVING ACCOUNTING FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
8.6 SAVING GRIPE FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
8.7 RIDDING THE SYSTEM OF DETACHED JOBS . . . . . . . 8-5
8.8 BACKING UP THE SYSTEM (DAILY) . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
8.9 BACKING UP THE SYSTEM (WEEKLY) . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
8.10 REFRESHING FILE STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
8.11 ANALYZING SYSTEM FILE STRUCTURES WITH DSKLST . . . 8-9
8.12 OBTAINING DISK ERROR INFORMATION WITH DSKRAT . . . 8-9
CHAPTER 9 UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
9.1 CONTROLLING THE ORION LOG FILE . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
9.2 DUAL PATH ACCESS TO MAGTAPE . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
9.3 INITIALIZING TAPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
9.4 HANDLING MAGTAPE MOUNT REQUESTS . . . . . . . . . 9-7
9.4.1 Displaying Tape Drive Status . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
9.4.2 Controlling Tape Drive Volume Recognition (AVR) 9-10
9.4.3 Handling Labeled Tapes with AVR Enabled . . . 9-11
9.4.4 Handling Labeled Tapes with AVR Disabled . . . 9-12
9.4.5 Handling Unlabeled Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
9.4.6 Dismounting Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
9.4.7 Canceling Tape Mount Requests . . . . . . . . 9-15
9.4.8 Setting Tape Drives Available or Unavailable . 9-15
9.5 HANDLING FILE STRUCTURE AND DISK-DRIVE TASKS . . 9-16
9.5.1 Answering Structure Mount Requests . . . . . . 9-17
9.5.2 Mounting a Structure with MOUNT . . . . . . . 9-20
9.5.3 Controlling Structure Dismount Requests . . . 9-21
9.5.3.1 Locking and Unlocking Structures . . . . . . 9-21
9.5.3.2 Removing a Structure with DISMOUNT . . . . . 9-22
9.5.4 Canceling Structure Mount Requests . . . . . . 9-25
9.5.5 Displaying Structure Status . . . . . . . . . 9-25
9.5.6 Displaying Disk Drive Status . . . . . . . . . 9-27
9.5.7 Controlling Structure Recognition . . . . . . 9-29
9.5.8 Controlling Disk Drive Volume Recognition . . 9-29
9.6 EXAMINING TAPE/DISK MOUNT REQUESTS IN THE QUEUE 9-30
9.7 CONTROLLING SYSTEM LISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-32
9.7.1 Displaying System Lists . . . . . . . . . . . 9-32
vii
9.7.2 Modifying System Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
9.8 RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP . . . . . . . . 9-33
9.9 COMMUNICATING WITH THE USERS . . . . . . . . . . 9-36
9.9.1 Answering PLEASE Messages with OPR . . . . . . 9-36
9.9.2 Talking to a User with SEND . . . . . . . . . 9-37
9.10 REPORTING ERRORS WITH OPR . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39
9.11 DOWN-LINE LOADING ANF-10 REMOTE STATIONS . . . . 9-39
9.11.1 Running NETLDR Automatically . . . . . . . . . 9-40
9.11.2 Running NETLDR Manually . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
9.12 CONTROLLING ANF-10 REMOTE STATIONS . . . . . . . 9-42
9.12.1 Starting and Shutting Down a Node . . . . . . 9-43
9.12.2 Displaying Node Status . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-44
9.12.3 Routing Device Output between Nodes . . . . . 9-44
9.12.4 Displaying the Routing Table . . . . . . . . . 9-46
9.13 STOPPING AND RESTARTING KS10 COMMUNICATIONS . . 9-46
9.14 RECONFIGURING SYSTEM HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . 9-47
9.14.1 Adding System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-48
9.14.2 Configuring System Hardware . . . . . . . . . 9-49
9.14.3 Removing System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49
9.14.4 Controlling System Hardware . . . . . . . . . 9-50
9.14.5 Shutting Down the System . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51
9.14.6 Stopping the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51
9.14.7 Suspending a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-52
CHAPTER 10 ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
10.1 RECOVERING FROM A MICROPROCESSOR CRASH . . . . . 10-2
10.2 RECOVERING FROM A MONITOR CRASH . . . . . . . . 10-3
10.2.1 Automatically Dumping and Reloading the Monitor 10-4
10.2.2 Manually Dumping and Reloading the Monitor . . 10-5
10.3 RECOVERING FROM A HUNG OR LOOPING SYSTEM . . . . 10-6
10.4 COPYING CRASH DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7
10.5 RECOVERING FROM STOPCODES (MONITOR ERROR STOPS) 10-8
10.5.1 Identifying DEBUG Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . 10-9
10.5.2 Identifying JOB Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
10.5.3 Identifying STOP Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
10.5.4 Identifying CPU Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
10.5.5 Identifying HALT Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
10.5.6 Identifying INFO and EVENT Stopcodes . . . . . 10-11
10.6 RECOVERING FROM PARITY AND NXM ERRORS . . . . . 10-11
10.7 RESTARTING A HUNG CONSOLE TERMINAL (LA36) . . . 10-13
10.8 FINDING A MISSING MONITOR FILE . . . . . . . . . 10-13
10.9 ALLOWING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS WITH KLINIK . . . . . 10-14
10.10 RECOVERING FROM KS10 HALT-STATUS CODES . . . . . 10-16
10.11 MICROPROCESSOR ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . 10-17
10.12 RECOVERING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ERRORS . . . . . . 10-22
CHAPTER 11 ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
11.1 RECOVERING FROM A KL10 CRASH . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
viii
11.2 RECOVERING FROM A MONITOR CRASH . . . . . . . . 11-6
11.2.1 Automatically Dumping and Reloading the Monitor 11-7
11.2.2 Manually Dumping and Reloading the Monitor . . 11-8
11.3 SYSTEM ERROR RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
11.4 COPYING CRASH DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-10
11.5 RECOVERING FROM STOPCODES (MONITOR ERROR STOPS) 11-11
11.5.1 Identifying DEBUG Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . 11-12
11.5.2 Identifying JOB Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
11.5.3 Identifying STOP Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
11.5.4 Identifying CPU Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
11.5.5 Identifying HALT Stopcodes . . . . . . . . . . 11-15
11.5.6 Identifying INFO and EVENT Stopcodes . . . . . 11-16
11.6 RECOVERING FROM ERRORS DETECTED BY THE PARSER . 11-16
11.7 RECOVERING FROM ERRORS DETECTED BY KLINIT . . . 11-27
11.7.1 KLINIT Operator-Dialog Error Message . . . . . 11-27
11.7.2 KLINIT Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . 11-28
11.7.3 KLINIT System Error Messages . . . . . . . . . 11-28
11.8 RECOVERING FROM PARITY AND NXM ERRORS . . . . . 11-41
11.9 RECOVERING FROM BAD MEMORY . . . . . . . . . . . 11-43
11.9.1 Setting Memory Off-Line . . . . . . . . . . . 11-43
11.9.2 Reconfiguring Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-43
11.10 RESTARTING A HUNG CONSOLE TERMINAL (LA36) . . . 11-44
11.11 FINDING A MISSING MONITOR FILE . . . . . . . . . 11-45
11.12 RECOVERING FROM FRONT-END PROCESSOR ERRORS . . . 11-45
11.12.1 Recovering from DTE20-Interfaced Error . . . . 11-46
11.12.2 Recovering from DL10-Interfaced Errors . . . . 11-47
11.13 RECOVERING FROM DATA CHANNEL ERRORS . . . . . . 11-48
11.14 ALLOWING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS WITH KLINIK . . . . . 11-49
11.14.1 KLINIK Informational Messages . . . . . . . . 11-50
11.14.2 KLINIK Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-51
11.15 RECOVERING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ERRORS . . . . . . 11-52
11.16 SPLITTING AN SMP SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-54
11.17 ADDING PROCESSORS AND MEMORY TO SMP SYSTEMS . . 11-57
11.18 FAULT CONTINUATION (WARM RESTART) . . . . . . . 11-59
APPENDIX A SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
A.1 BOOT ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
A.2 BOOT ERROR CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
A.3 SYSTEM DUMP LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
A.4 THE CRSCPY PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
A.4.1 Action Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
A.4.2 Status-Setting Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
A.4.3 Report-Selection Commands . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
APPENDIX B KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
B.1 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B.2 COMMON CONSOLE COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
B.3 MICROPROCESSOR COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
ix
B.3.1 Boot Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
B.3.2 Enable/Disable Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
B.3.3 Examine Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
B.3.4 Mark/Unmark Microcode Commands . . . . . . . . . B-7
B.3.5 Miscellaneous Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
B.3.6 Read CRAM Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
B.3.7 Select Device Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
B.3.8 Set and Deposit Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9
B.3.9 Start/Stop Clock Commands . . . . . . . . . . B-10
B.3.10 Start/Stop Microcode Commands . . . . . . . . B-11
B.3.11 Start/Stop Program Commands . . . . . . . . . B-11
APPENDIX C PARSER
C.1 ENTERING AND EXITING THE PARSER . . . . . . . . . C-1
C.2 PARSER COMMAND SYNTAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
C.3 PARSER CONSOLE MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
C.4 PARSER HELP FACILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5
C.5 PARSER COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
APPENDIX D KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
D.1 KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG RULES . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
D.2 ANSWERING KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG QUESTIONS . . . . D-2
APPENDIX E SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
E.1 BACKUP FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
E.2 BACKUP COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2
E.2.1 Action Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3
E.2.2 Status-Setting Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4
E.2.3 Tape-Positioning Commands . . . . . . . . . . . E-8
E.2.4 Runtime Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-10
E.3 BACKUP EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-12
E.3.1 Console User Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . E-12
E.3.1.1 Saving a User's Disk Area . . . . . . . . . E-12
E.3.1.2 Restoring Selected Files . . . . . . . . . E-12
E.3.1.3 Renaming Files as They are Transferred . . E-12
E.3.2 Operator Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-13
E.3.2.1 Saving the Entire Disk . . . . . . . . . . . E-13
E.3.2.2 Recovering from a System Crash . . . . . . . E-14
E.3.3 Saving Only Recently Created or Modified Files E-14
E.3.4 Restoring Only Recently Accessed Files . . . . E-15
E.4 OBTAINING DIRECTORIES OF BACKUP TAPES . . . . . E-15
E.5 COMPARING TAPE AND DISK FILES . . . . . . . . . E-16
E.6 CHECKPOINTING LARGE FILES . . . . . . . . . . . E-17
E.7 BACKUP MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-18
E.7.1 Informational Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . E-18
E.7.2 Operator Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-18
x
E.7.3 Fatal Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-19
E.7.4 Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-22
E.8 BACKUP TAPE FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-28
E.8.1 Tape Record Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-28
E.8.2 Standard Record Format . . . . . . . . . . . . E-29
E.8.3 Non-data Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-31
E.8.4 Locations in T$LBL Record . . . . . . . . . . E-36
E.8.5 Locations in T$BEG, T$END, T$CON Records . . . E-37
E.8.6 Locations in T$UFD Record . . . . . . . . . . E-38
E.8.7 Locations in T$FIL Record . . . . . . . . . . E-38
APPENDIX F FAMILIARIZING YOURSELF WITH TGHA (1091 SYSTEMS ONLY)
F.1 SYSTEM STARTUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1
F.2 RUNNING TGHA MANUALLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-2
INDEX
FIGURES
1-1 Sample System Logbook Page . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
5-1 Reading Path for Chapter 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2 RSX-20F Loading Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5-3 Monitor Loading Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5-4 Role Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
7-1 The GALAXY System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
11-1 Conceptual Diagram of Splitting the System . . . 11-54
TABLES
4-1 Load Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4-2 REMOTE DIAGNOSIS Switch Positions . . . . . . . . 4-2
4-3 Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
5-1 Load Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5-2 Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5-3 Switch-Register Switch Definitions . . . . . . . 5-17
5-4 BOOT11 Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
5-5 DTELDR Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
5-6 DX10 BOOTDX Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
5-7 DX20 BOOTDX Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
7-1 GALAXY Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7-2 LPFORM.INI Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
7-3 SPFORM.INI Switches For All Device Types . . . . 7-66
7-4 SPFORM.INI Switches For Plotter Devices Only . . 7-67
7-5 GALAXY Component Crash Recovery Procedures . . . 7-81
9-1 SET TAPE-DRIVE INITIALIZE Switches . . . . . . . . 9-3
xii
PREFACE
The TOPS-10 Operator's Guide is a task-oriented reference guide for
operating KS10-based TOPS-10 systems (DECSYSTEM-2020), and KL10-based
TOPS-10 systems (1090, 1091 with core memory, 1091 with MOS memory,
1095, and 1099). This guide is written for experienced TOPS-10
operators.
This guide covers the following topics:
o System Familiarization
o Device Operation and Maintenance
o System Startup
o Software Tasks
o Error-Recovery Procedures
This guide uses the following conventions:
CTY means console terminal.
TTY means terminal.
<RET> means press the RETURN key.
<ESC> means press the ESCAPE key.
<CTRL/character> means hold the CTRL key down while
you type the character indicated.
underscore indicates anything that you type.
The term "-10 series hardware" represents all hardware systems that
run TOPS-10 software.
xiii
Operating procedures unique to particular CPUs are described in the
following chapters: Chapters 4 and 10 pertain to the KS10, and
Chapters 5 and 11 pertain to the KL10 central processor. Sections
5.9, 5.9.2, and 11.16 refer only to SMP systems. You may want to
remove the chapters that do not apply to your system.
For current information on the RSX-20F PARSER commands, please refer
to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 RSX-20F System Reference Manual.
For current information on which devices are supported for this
version of the TOPS-10 monitor, please contact your Field Service
Center for a copy of the TOPS-10 Software Product Description.
xiv
CHAPTER 1
THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
1.1 RESPONSIBILITIES
As a TOPS-10 operator, your primary responsibilities are to keep the
system running and to respond to user requests. Therefore, you must
be familiar with all of the resources available to your system, know
how to use them, and be able to recognize potential problems.
You must know how to:
o Communicate with both the microprocessor and the central
processor (if you have a KS system)
o Communicate with RSX-20F, which is a program that controls
the console PDP-11, and its central processor(s) (if you have
a KL system)
o Work with the TOPS-10 command language, including a text
editor
o Do everything listed in the next two sections
You are responsible for:
o Documenting system activities for operators on the next shift
o Logging a permanent record of system availability,
maintenance, and downtime
1.2 DUTIES
Your duties can be classified into two categories:
o Hardware-related
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THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
o Software-related
You may perform these duties on a regular schedule, on an "on call"
basis, or on an emergency basis.
1.2.1 Hardware-Related Duties
Your hardware-related duties include:
o Maintaining the system devices and the computer room
o Replenishing consumable supplies such as paper forms
o Servicing user requests to mount magnetic tapes or disk
packs, and so forth
If the hardware malfunctions, you must return the device that failed
to normal operation as quickly as possible. This can mean either
removing any damaged or foreign material or calling your Field Service
representative.
Whenever there is a problem, you must be able to:
o Assess the extent of the problem and take appropriate action
o Make an entry in the system logbook
o Fill out a hardware error form
1.2.2 Software-Related Duties
Your software-related duties include:
o Responding promptly to user requests
o Assigning devices
o Running system accounting and control tasks specified by the
system administrator
Whenever there is a problem, you must be able to:
o Assess the extent of the problem and take appropriate action
o Make an entry in the system logbook
o Fill out a Software Error Report (SER) form
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THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
1.3 DOCUMENTATION
There are a number of documents available to make your
responsibilities and duties easier. You should have access to the
ones mentioned here. Some are for one-time reading, others are for
reference, and still others are for you to document pertinent system
information.
1.3.1 Supplied by DIGITAL
In addition to this guide, the following publications, included in the
TOPS-10 Software Notebook set, provide additional information for the
system operator.
o TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference Manual
o TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide
o TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual
o TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual
o TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Operator's Hardware Device and Maintenance
Guide
1.3.2 Supplied by Your Installation
The documentation that your installation supplies usually includes an
operator's notebook and a system logbook. Often, this documentation
also includes a set of operating procedures tailored specifically for
your installation.
The operator's notebook is the most practical means for shift-to-shift
communication among system operators, and between an operator and the
system manager. The operator's notebook provides a permanent message
center for efficient system operations.
You should read the turnover entries as you begin your shift. These
entries may include scheduled system downtime, new software to try,
problems encountered on previous shifts, warnings on potential
intermittent malfunctions, and specific instructions for work to be
processed on your shift.
At the end of your shift, you should enter the same type of
information for the next shift operator. If you are a non-prime-shift
operator and the system manager works prime shift, the operator's
notebook allows you to communicate with him.
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THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
The system logbook is the prime source of information about the
system. (See Figure 1-1.) Operators, system programmers, system
managers, software support personnel, and Field Service engineers all
use the system logbook. You must check this log when you report for
work, and update the log throughout your shift.
System logbook entries include:
o All monitor loads and reloads, with reasons for reloading
o All hardware and software problems, with symptoms and device
identification
o All system shutdowns
To make it easy to identify the items, you can write hardware entries
on the left-hand pages and software entries on the right-hand pages.
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THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
____________________________________________________________________
| |
| PAGE__________ |
|____________________________________________________________________|
| |
| SYSTEM LOG DATE__________ |
|____________________________________________________________________|
| | | | | | | |
| | R | | | | | |
| | E | | | F/S | | |
| | L | | MONITOR OR | A | | |
| | O | | HARDWARE | T | DEVICE | |
| TIME | A | NAME | MAINTENANCE | T | OR | ENTRY |
| | D | | ACTIVITY | N | PROGRAM | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
| | | | | | | |
|______|___|______|_____________|_____|_________|____________________|
Figure 1-1: Sample System Logbook Page
Your installation may generate a tailored set of operating procedures
based upon your installation's specific hardware configuration and the
software in use. You can divide such operating procedures into
sections for your scheduled tasks. This would provide you with a
compact, easily referenced run book, which would also be helpful in
training new operators.
1.3.3 CTY Output Logbook
In addition to making entries in the operator's notebook and the
system logbook, you should retain and file the system console (CTY)
output or log. This chronological record of system events can be very
helpful in tracking down intermittent system problems.
1-5
2-1
CHAPTER 2
HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
2.1 OVERVIEW
To improve your understanding of the system, this chapter briefly
describes the -10 series hardware.
You can use the TOPS-10 operating system with all of the -10 series
hardware systems. The hardware components of these systems are very
similar. The amount and type of available memory, the type of data
channels, the type of processor, or the number and type of peripherals
are some of the factors that determine the system.
The 1099 systems are multiple-processor systems, that have Symmetric
Multiprocessing (SMP) features. The SMP features provide the
capability of attaching and sharing memory and I/O devices between
central processor units in symmetric configurations. The system uses
a single copy of the monitor that can handle more than one job at a
time.
The -10 series hardware that you will be operating falls into five
general categories: central processors, memory systems, front-end
processors or microprocessors, peripherals, and remote stations.
2.2 CENTRAL PROCESSORS
Your -10 series system has either a KL10E, KL10R, KL10B, KL10D, or
KS10 central processor. Each is described below.
The KL10E, which directs the operation of the 1091 system, and the
KL10R, which directs the operation of the 1095 system, contains:
o A microcoded instruction set (399 instructions)
o A high-speed 2K cache memory
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HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
o Fast integrated-circuit general-purpose registers
o Virtual memory capability
o A console terminal (CTY)
The KL10R is the 60 Hertz domestic version of the KL10E, a 50 Hertz
international model.
The KL10B, KL10D or KL10R central processors, which direct the entire
operation of 1090 and 1099 systems, offer the same features and
functions as the KL10E plus the following:
o Up to eight integrated high-speed data channels (RH20s)
o Up to three integrated communications processor channels
(DTE20s); a fourth DTE20 is used to interface the
Console/Diagnostic processor
The central processor, internal memory and mass storage controllers
are combined in two cabinets.
The KS10 central processor, which directs the entire operation of 2020
systems, contains:
o A microcoded instruction set (396 instructions)
o A high-speed cache memory
o Fast integrated circuit general-purpose registers
o Interrupt and trap facilities
o Virtual memory capability
The central processor, internal MOS memory, mass-storage controllers,
and peripheral controllers are combined in one cabinet.
2.3 MEMORY SYSTEMS
Types of memory storage units available for the -10 series hardware
systems include: MF10, MG10, or MH10 core memory; MS10, MF20, or MG20
MOS memory; and MB20 or MA20 internal memory.
The KL Central Processor supports:
o MF10 - core memory
o MG10 - core memory
2-2
HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
o MH10 - core memory
o MB20/MA20 - internal memory
o MF20 - MOS memory
o MG20 - MOS memory
The KS10 Central Processor supports:
o MS10 - MOS memory
2.4 FRONT-END PROCESSORS (KL SYSTEMS)
The PDP-11 based console/diagnostic processor is also referred to as a
console front-end (CFE). The console front-end handles:
o Line printers
o Card readers
o Floppy disks
o Terminals
o Console functions
o Microcode loading
o Memory configuration
o System startup
o System fault continuation
o Diagnostics
The console front end is in the cabinet to the left of the cabinets
containing the central processor, internal memory, and mass-storage
controllers. The PDP-11 interfaces to KL processors through the DTE
(Digital Ten-to-Eleven) interface. The front-end memory consists of
28K of 18-bit words (16 data bits and 2 parity bits).
Additional PDP-11 based front-end processors, referred to as
communications front ends, can be attached to the KL10B or D
processors through the integrated DTE20 interface or DL10 data
channel. On the KL10E and KL10R they are attached through the
integrated DTE20. Communications front ends provide the facilities
for supporting interactive terminals and unit record remote stations.
They can be attached locally through direct electrical connections or
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HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
remotely through dedicated or dial-up telephone lines.
The DN87 front-end provides synchronous line protocol to support
remote stations such as the DN80 series and the DN92. They attach to
the processors through the DL10 data channel. The DN87, DN87S, and
DN20 front ends provide synchronous and/or asynchronous protocol to
support remote stations, depending upon the line options selected.
The DN87 attaches to the KL10B or D through the DL10 communication
channel. The DN20 or DN87S attach to the KL10B, KL10D, KL10E, and
KL10R through the integrated DTE20 interface.
2.5 FLOPPY DISKS
Three floppy disks are distributed with each new version of the
TOPS-10 software for all 1091 and 1095 systems. Their main functions
include loading and starting the PDP-11 and the KL10. They also run
diagnostics that pertain to the front-end processor.
2.6 DECtapes
Three DECtapes are distributed with each new version of the TOPS-10
software for all 1090 systems. Their main functions include loading
and starting the PDP-11 and the KL10. They also run diagnostics that
pertain to the front-end processor.
2.7 THE MICROPROCESSOR (KS SYSTEMS)
The microprocessor on the KS system (2020) is a single microprogrammed
chip, which is a complete central processing unit. The microprocessor
handles console functions, diagnostics, microcode-loading and system
startup.
2.8 PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Peripheral devices include line printers, card readers, DECtape
drives, disk packs and drives, magnetic tape devices, plotters,
terminals, and remote stations. The TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Operator's
Hardware Device and Maintenance Guide details the operation and
maintenance of the peripheral devices.
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HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
2.8.1 Overview of Peripheral Device Maintenance
NOTE
If you have misplaced the operator's manual enclosed
with the peripheral device you wish to operate and
maintain, contact your Field Service representative
for complete information on operation, maintenance,
and safety measures.
Because most equipment operates more efficiently if it is kept clean,
a cleaning procedure is documented in the Device and Maintenance
Guide. Here are some general rules for cleaning. You should have the
following cleaning supplies available:
o 91% isopropyl alcohol
o Lint-free wipers
o Spray cleaner
o Vacuum cleaner with rubber or plastic attachments, which can
blow air as well as take in air
o Cotton-tipped applicators
o Soft suede brush
You should clean the exterior of all equipment weekly. Vacuum all
outside surfaces including cabinet tops. Use spray cleaner on all
vertically exposed surfaces except around switches.
In general, do not clean the interior of any equipment unless so
directed in the Device and Maintenance Guide; your Digital Field
Service representative does that job. Specific instructions for
cleaning line printers and magnetic tape drives are given in the
Device and Maintenance Guide.
Always be careful not to bump or change the position of any switches;
this could cause the system or the device to crash. Likewise, when
you are cleaning the exterior of any disk drives, be careful not to
jar the equipment; this could cause a serious hardware head crash.
Lastly, if you ever have any problem or doubts concerning the cleaning
procedure for a device, consult your Field Service representative.
2.8.2 Line Printers
Each system requires at least one line printer. The following line
2-5
HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
printers are available:
o LP05
o LP07
o LP10
o LP14
o LP26/27
o LP29
o LN01/03 laser printer
All the line printers are 132-column devices, and have either a 64- or
96-character print set. Those with the 96-character print set have
uppercase and lowercase characters. LP10 printers have a Vertical
Format Unit (VFU), which consists of a carriage control tape. The VFU
controls paper motions in the printer. All other models have a
Direct-Access Vertical Format Unit, or DAVFU, which is controlled by
software (see Section 7.7).
2.8.3 Card Readers/Punches
Card readers are mainly used in batch processing. Card readers are
input devices only. The following card readers and punches are
available:
o The CR10-D table model card reader, which processes 1000
cards per minute.
o The CR10-E console card reader, which processes 1200 cards
per minute.
o The CR10-F table model card reader, which processes 300 cards
per minute.
o The CP10-D card punch, which processes 100 cards per minute.
Card readers are interfaced to the central processor through the BA10
controller on 1070, 1077, 1080, 1090, and 1099 systems; card punches
are interfaced through the CP10-D controller. On 1091, 1095, and 2020
systems, the card readers are interfaced through the CD20 controller.
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HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
2.8.4 DECtapes
The TU56 DECtape drive is a bi-directional, random access, magnetic
tape storage device available on the 1070, 1077, 1080, 1090, and 1099
systems. Each TU56 is a dual tape transport, and, up to 4 of the dual
drives can be attached to each TD10-C DECtape controller.
2.8.5 Disk Packs
Disk storage allows rapid transfer of data in and out of main memory.
At least one disk must be dual-ported on the KL10 system so that the
front-end computer and the central processor can both access the
information on the disk. Each CPU in an SMP system requires a disk
dual-ported from the CPU to the front-end.
The following kinds of disk packs are available:
o The RP02 disk pack, which has a 5-million word capacity.
o The RP03 disk pack, which has a 10-million word capacity.
o The RS04 fixed-head disk pack, which has a 4-million word
(16-bit word) capacity.
o The RP04 disk pack, which has a 20-million word capacity.
o The RP06 disk pack, which has a 40-million word capacity.
o The RM03 disk pack, which has a 15-million word capacity.
o The RP20 disk pack, which has a 107.5-million word capacity
per spindle.
o The RP07 disk pack, which has a 111-million word capacity.
o The RA60 removable disk pack, which has a 46-million word
capacity.
o The RA81 non-removable disk pack, which has a 102-million
word capacity.
All words are 36 bits unless noted otherwise.
The drives for these packs provide error detection and correction
hardware as well as high-speed access and transfer rates.
On 1090, 1091, 1095, and 1099 systems, the RP04, RP06, or RP07 disk
drives have an RH20 integrated controller and data channel for access
by the central processor. If the drive has the dual-port option, the
console front-end processor accesses a disk drive through an RH11 disk
2-7
HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
controller.
On 1090, 1091, 1095, and 1099 systems the RP20 disk drive has an RH20
integrated controller and a data channel connected to a DX20
programmed device adapter. The DX20 is connected to an RP20 disk
controller. If the disk is dual-ported, the main processor accesses
the disk drive through the RH20.
On the KS system, the RP06 or RM03 disk drives have an RH11 integrated
controller and data channel for access by the central processor.
On 1090, 1095 and 1099 systems, the RP04, RP06, or RS04 disk drives
have an RH10 integrated controller and DF10 data channel for access by
the central processor. The RP02 and RP03 disk drives have an RP10
integrated controller and a DF10 data channel.
RP04, RP06, RP07, and RP20 disk drives are available with a dual-port
option. This option allows a disk drive to be accessed over either of
two paths. In the KL series processors, for example, an RP04 or RP06
dual-ported disk drive can contain files to be accessed by both the
main processor and the console front-end processor. A dual-ported
RP07 or RP20 disk drive can only be accessed by the main processor.
For KL SMP systems, disk drives may be dual-ported across CPUs.
Dual-ported disks decrease overhead and increase availability and
performance.
The RA60 and RA81 disk drives can be dual-ported between two HSC-50
controllers. These controllers can be connected to different KL10
CPUs in an SMP system. This provides fail-safe capability in the case
that one CPU crashes.
2.8.6 Magnetic Tapes
The following magnetic tape systems and drives are available:
TE10 TU16 TU40
TU41 TU45 TU70
TU71 TU72 TU77
TU78/79
All magnetic tape drives are either 7- or 9-track drives. They can
handle one of the following groups of variable recording densities:
o 200, 556, or 800 bits per inch (BPI)
o 800 or 1600 BPI
2-8
HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
o 1600 or 6250 BPI
Recording speeds vary from drive to drive, but fall in the range of 45
to 200 inches per second.
On KL systems, the TU45 and TU77 are interfaced through a TM02 or TM03
controller to an RH20 integrated controller. The TU70, TU71, and TU72
are interfaced to an RH20 through a DX20 and TX02 or they are
interfaced to a DX10 through a TX01 or TX02. The TU78/79 is
interfaced to channels (RH11, RH20) through a TM78 controller housed
in the master TU78/79 tape drive.
On KS systems, the TU45 is interfaced to an RH11 integrated controller
and data channel through a TM02 or TM03 controller.
2.8.7 Plotters
The following plotters are available:
o The XY10-A plotter with .01 inch, .005 inch, or .1 millimeter
step size at 18,000 steps per minute, and using 12-inch-wide
paper.
o The XY10-B plotter with .01 inch step size at 12,000 steps
per minute or .005 inch or .1 millimeter step size at 18,000
steps per minute, and using 31-inch-wide paper.
2.8.8 Terminals
The operator and each timesharing user interacts with the system
through a terminal. You will generally use a hardcopy terminal as the
operator's terminal to start, stop, load, and continue the system and
user programs. Using a hardcopy terminal provides you with a printed
record of all your interactions with the system and the users. This
is especially useful when there is a problem with the system. Users
interact with the system through either a hardcopy or a video
terminal. Several terminals can be used as operator's terminals, set
to receive messages from certain types of system resources (see
Section 6.4). The CTY is also a hardcopy terminal, useful for
recording system events. These listings can provide information vital
to solving puzzling system crashes.
2.8.8.1 Hardcopy Terminals - Hardcopy terminals include:
o LA36 DECwriter II
2-9
HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
o LA35RO (Recieve Only) DECwriter
o LA37APL DECwriter
o LA120 DECwriter
o LA180 DECprinter
2.8.8.2 CRT Display Terminals - CRT display terminals include:
o VT50 and VT50H video terminals
o VT52 video terminal
o VT61 video terminal
o VT100 video terminal
o VT102 video terminal
o VT220 video terminal
o VT240 video terminal
o VT330 video terminal
o VT340 video terminal
For a complete list of hardcopy and video terminals supported by the
software, type:
HELP *
One piece of information returned by HELP * is a list of terminal
types.
2.8.9 Remote Stations
The following remote stations are used in TOPS-10 ANF-10 network
configurations:
o The DN80 series remote stations that can provide remote job
entry facilities (DN80), remote terminal facilities (DN81),
or a combination of both (DN82).
o The DN92 remote station, which can be configured in
combinations of terminal lines and a card reader and/or a
line printer. DN92 is not supported on 2020 systems.
2-10
HARDWARE FAMILIARIZATION
o The DN200 remote station, which can be configured in
combinations of terminal lines and a card reader and/or a
line printer.
o The DN20 remote station is a PDP-11 based processor that can
run communications functions for either ANF-10 or DECnet-10.
For information about ANF-10, refer to the TOPS-10 ANF-10 Networks
Software Installation Guide.
For information about DECnet-10, refer to the DECnet-10/PSI System
Manager's and Operator's Guide.
2-11
3-1
CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
The -10 series software falls into three general categories:
operating systems, languages, and utilities.
3.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS
The main operating system for the -10 series hardware is called the
TOPS-10 monitor. It supports timesharing, batch processing, real
time, and remote communications.
The RSX-20F operating system runs in the console/diagnostic processor
on KL systems. It aids the central processor and TOPS-10 in handling
system tasks such as system loading, console communications, and
diagnostic functions.
3.2 LANGUAGES
The TOPS-10 monitor supports three types of translators used in
symbolic language programming: assemblers, compilers, and
interpreters.
3.2.1 MACRO Assembler
MACRO is the symbolic assembler program used on TOPS-10. It is
device-independent; input and output devices can be selected at run
time and may vary from run to run. MACRO also contains capabilities
that allow the user to replace commonly-used sequences of instructions
with a single statement.
3-1
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
3.2.2 Compilers
The compilers on TOPS-10 include ALGOL, COBOL, BLISS, and FORTRAN.
The ALGOrithmic Language, ALGOL, is a scientific language designed for
the solution of computational processes, or algorithms. TOPS-10 ALGOL
is composed of the ALGOL compiler for the translation of the source
code and the ALGOL object-time system that provides I/O services, a
library of mathematical functions, and control of system resources.
The COmmon Business Oriented Language, COBOL, is an industry-wide data
processing language designed for business applications. Its
English-like statements are easily learned and result in
self-documenting programs. TOPS-10 COBOL includes the COBOL compiler;
an object-time system, LIBOL; a source library maintenance program; a
COBOL checkout and debugging program, COBDDT; and ancillary programs.
BLISS is a middle-level language, providing both a substantial class
of higher level facilities while permitting access to hardware
features and producing high-quality object code. It is intended for
use as a system implementation language.
The FORmula TRANslator language, FORTRAN, is a widely used,
procedure-oriented language designed and primarily used for solving
scientific problems. TOPS-10 FORTRAN-10 includes the FORTRAN-10
compiler; an object-time system, FOROTS; and a FORTRAN checkout and
debugging program, FORDDT.
3.2.3 Interpreters
The interpreters include APL, CPL, and BASIC. APL (A Programming
Language) is a completely conversational system especially suited for
handling numeric and character array-structured data. However, it is
also intended for use as a general data processing language.
CPL is an interpreter supporting a subset of the draft ANSI PL/I
language. CPL supports the following classes of PL/I built-in
functions: arithmetic, mathematical, string array, storage control
and pseudo-variables.
The Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, BASIC, is an
easy to learn problem-solving language, particularly suited to a
timesharing environment. BASIC contains its own editing facilities.
The language includes statements covering matrix computations,
advanced string-handling capabilities, mathematical functions, and the
generation of user-defined functions.
3-2
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
3.3 UTILITIES AND OTHER SOFTWARE
TOPS-10 provides many utilities, including text editors, text
processors, file manipulators, maintenance programs, and monitor
support programs. These programs are called Commonly Used System
Programs (CUSPs):
BACKUP A system program to save disk files on magnetic tape, and
later to restore any or all of the files back to disk (see
Appendix E).
DDT The Dynamic Debugging Technique used for the on-line
checkout and updating of programs (see the TOPS-10 DDT-10
Manual).
DIRECT DIRECT is a CUSP used to list user directories from disk,
magnetic tape, and DECtape. Through the use of DIRECT, a
user may at any time determine, from a terminal or batch
job, the files existing in the user directory (see the
TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual).
GALAXY A group of programs that can control user requests for
devices, accounting, and batch jobs, as well as the system
unit record devices (see Chapter 7).
LINK-10 A linking loader to merge independently-compiled object
files into one executable program (see the TOPS-10 LINK
Reference Manual).
OPR The operator's command interface, which allows communication
with various parts of the monitor and the GALAXY system (see
the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference Manual).
OPSER A service program that allows you to control multiple
subjobs from a single terminal (see the TOPS-10 Operator's
Command Language Reference Manual).
PIP A file interchange program to selectively transfer files
from one type of media to another and concurrently perform
limited editing and directory manipulation. PIP functions
are performed by monitor commands like DELETE and COPY (see
the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual).
RUNOFF A text processing program that produces a final formatted,
paged, right-justified output from an edited file with
appropriate RUNOFF commands (see the TOPS-10 User Utilities
Manual).
TECO A character-oriented text editor with the ability to edit
any source document without requiring special formatting
(see the TOPS-10 User Utilities Manual).
3-3
4-1
CHAPTER 4
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
4.1 SWITCHES AND LIGHTS
Before you start the DECSYSTEM-2020, you must become familiar with the
switches and lights on the cabinet.
Four rocker switches and one key switch are located on the top right
corner of the front panel. Just above them are the four indicator
lights.
The rocker switches are load switches. They are labeled BOOT, LOCK,
RESET, and POWER. To set any of these switches to ON, press the top
half of the switch. Table 4-1 lists the load switches and their
functions.
Table 4-1: Load Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Function
______________________________________________________________________
BOOT Boots the system from either the default device or the
last selected device.
LOCK Disables the BOOT and RESET switches and prevents the
console program from recognizing a CTRL/backslash.
RESET Starts the system without beginning the boot
procedure.
POWER Supplies power to the system and automatically loads
the system from the default device 30 seconds after
being switched from 0 to 1. The "1" next to the
switch means that it is on; the "0" means that it is
off.
______________________________________________________________________
4-1
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
The key switch on the right is the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch. This is a
3-position key switch that controls access to the KLINIK remote
diagnosis facility. (See Chapter 11 for more information on KLINIK.)
You can remove the key with the switch set to any of the three
positions.
Table 4-2 lists the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch positions and their
functions. Your system manager should tell you which setting to use.
Table 4-2: REMOTE DIAGNOSIS Switch Positions
______________________________________________________________________
Position Function
______________________________________________________________________
DISABLE Prohibits access to the system through the KLINIK
link.
PROTECT Allows access to the system through the KLINIK link,
but only if the password entered from the link matches
the password previously entered by the operator.
ENABLE Allows access to the system through the KLINIK link.
______________________________________________________________________
There are four indicator lights above the switches. Table 4-3
describes each of the indicator lights.
Table 4-3: Indicator Lights
______________________________________________________________________
Light Condition Explanation
______________________________________________________________________
STATE ON The microprocessor has successfully
loaded the microcode and is up and
running, but the TOPS-10 operating
system is not yet running.
OFF The microprocessor has stopped.
BLINKING The microprocessor has successfully
loaded the monitor. The monitor is in
the timesharing state, and is exchanging
dialog with the console program in the
4-2
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
microprocessor. During input and output
to the CTY, the blinking slows down.
FAULT ON The system is malfunctioning. This can
(during mean that there is an error in device
system selection or that there is a
loading) microprocessor fault. Make sure the
disk or magnetic tape is mounted on
drive 0. Try to reload. If the reload
fails, call your Field Service
representative.
ON The microprocessor has stopped. Try
(during to reload. If the reload fails, call
timesharing) your Field Service representative.
OFF The microprocessor is operating
normally.
POWER ON The central processor is powered up.
OFF The central processor is powered down.
REMOTE ON The KLINIK link has been enabled.
OFF The KLINIK link cannot be accessed.
______________________________________________________________________
4.2 POWERING UP THE SYSTEM
Before you power up the system, turn on the console terminal (CTY).
Make sure that it is online, and has paper. Make sure that the
following peripheral devices are powered up. If they are not, see the
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Operator's Hardware Device and Maintenance Guide for
procedures.
o Line printers
o Magnetic-tape drives
o Disk drives
To power up the system, press the POWER switch on the CPU to the ON
position. The POWER light will go on. If you do not type <CTRL/C>
within 30 seconds, the system will begin the automatic boot procedure
from disk. (See Section 4.3.1 for more information on the automatic
boot procedure.)
4-3
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
4.3 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING DEFAULT PARAMETERS
Before you begin to load the DECSYSTEM-2020, make sure that:
o All hardware and software is properly installed.
o The disk packs are mounted properly.
o The LOCK switch is off.
If you are installing the system for the first time, or installing a
new version of the software, see the TOPS-10 Software Installation
Guide.
The default parameters for loading the system are:
o UBA1 is the UNIBUS adapter for disk.
o UBA3 is the UNIBUS adapter for magnetic tape.
o RHBASE 776700 is the address of RH11 controller for disk.
o RHBASE 772440 is the address of RH11 controller for magnetic
tape.
o Unit 0 is the disk drive and magnetic-tape drive.
o DSK:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4] is the monitor file.
NOTE
The unit number is the only parameter you can change.
You can use the default parameters to load the system either from disk
(Section 4.3.1) or from magnetic tape (Section 4.3.3). To use
nondefault parameters to load the system, see Section 4.4.
To reload the monitor from disk pack when the monitor is already
running, see Section 4.3.2.
After you answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6, INITIA may print a few lines on the CTY. The INITIA program
automatically starts the jobs you always want to run at system
startup, and initializes terminal characteristics. See the TOPS-10
Software Installation Guide for more information on INITIA.
4.3.1 Powering Up and Loading from Disk
To load the system from disk using the default parameters do the
following:
4-4
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
1. Press the POWER switch to the ON position. The POWER light
goes on, the microprocessor prints its ROM code and version
number on the CTY, and the system automatically boots. To
stop the automatic boot procedure, type CTRL/C on the CTY
within 30 seconds of pressing POWER. If you receive the
message, "?NXM", on the CTY, you can ignore it.
2. Press RETURN where indicated in the following sample dialog:
KS10 CSL.V4.2 Microprocessor ROM code and version
number.
BT AUTO This message prints 30 seconds after
power-up.
BOOT V#(#) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the default monitor
from the file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
Immediately after the system prints BT AUTO, the
microprocessor starts the boot procedure from disk unit 0.
The system then assumes all of the default parameters. If
the CTY does not print the BOOT prompt, the automatic boot
procedure has failed. If that happens, check the disk to
make sure it is properly mounted. If no hardware problem is
apparent, the default parameters may be incorrectly set.
To remedy this situation, follow the steps in Section 4.4.1
to reset the default parameters, or the steps in Section
4.3.3 to load the monitor from magnetic tape.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin. If the system does not print the
first monitor startup question (Why reload: ), BOOT sends an
error message. (For explanations of BOOT messages, see
Appendix A.)
3. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
4.3.2 Reloading the Monitor from Disk
To reload the monitor from disk when the monitor is already running,
halt timesharing and reload the monitor. To do this, perform the
following steps:
1. Make sure the POWER light is on. (See Section 4.3.1.)
4-5
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
2. Type the following commands:
.RUN OPR<RET> Run the OPR program.
OPR>SET KSYS +0:05<RET> This halts timesharing in five
minutes.
To change the amount of time,
see the SET KSYS command in the
Operator's Command Language
Reference Manual.
OPR>EXIT<RET> Exit the OPR program.
3. Wait five minutes before proceeding and then perform the
following steps on the CTY.
.^\ENABLED Type CTRL/backslash (shown here
as ^\) to communicate with the
microprocessor. CTRL/backslash
does not echo on the CTY.
KS10>SHUT<RET> Type SHUT and press RETURN to
shut down the system.
KS10>USR MOD The CTY automatically enters
user mode.
BOOT>DSKB:<RET> Type DSKB: and press RETURN to
load the default monitor from
the file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]]
BOOT reloads the monitor.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
4. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
4.3.3 Powering Up and Loading from Magnetic Tape
Before you load the system from magnetic tape with the default
parameters, make sure that:
o All of the software is on magnetic tape. If it is not, see
Section 4.3.1.
4-6
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o The magnetic tape is mounted on tape-drive unit 0. If it is
not, see the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Operator's Hardware Device and
Maintenance Guide for instructions.
To load the system from magnetic tape using default parameters, do the
following:
1. Make sure the POWER light is on. If the light is not on,
press POWER to the ON position and type CTRL/C within 30
seconds. If you do not type CTRL/C within 30 seconds, the
system begins the automatic boot procedure from disk.
Section 4.3.1 explains the automatic boot procedure.
2. Make sure a bootstrap tape, such as the distributed
installation tape, is mounted on drive 0.
3. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
KS10>MT<RET> Type MT and then press RETURN.
KS10>USR MOD The CTY enters user mode.
BOOT V#(##) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the default
monitor from the file
DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
See Appendix B for information on the KS10 microprocessor
commands. When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the
monitor startup questions begin.
4. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
4.4 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING NONDEFAULT PARAMETERS
Before you begin to load the DECSYSTEM-2020 using nondefault
parameters, make sure that:
o All hardware and software is properly installed.
o The disk packs are mounted properly.
o The LOCK switch is off.
If you are installing the system for the first time, refer to the
TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide.
4-7
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
4.4.1 Loading from Disk and Changing Parameters
To load from a disk mounted on a drive other than unit 0, perform the
following steps:
1. Make sure the POWER light is on. If the light is not on,
press POWER to the ON position and type CTRL/C within 30
seconds. If you do not type CTRL/C within 30 seconds, the
system will begin the automatic boot procedure. (See Section
4.3.1 for more information on the automatic boot procedure.)
2. Make sure the disk pack is mounted on the drive you want.
3. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog. When you press RETURN to answer a question, the
system assumes the default value.
KS10>DS<RET> Type DS then press RETURN.
>>UBA?<RET> Which UBA is the drive controller
attached to? Press RETURN.
>>RHBASE?<RET> What is the RH11 base address? Press
RETURN.
>>UNIT?n<RET> Type the disk-drive unit number (n)
and press RETURN. Currently, UNIT is
the only parameter that you may
change.
KS10>BT<RET> Type BT and press RETURN.
BOOT V#(#) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the default
monitor from the file
DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin. If the system does not print the
first monitor startup question, BOOT prints an error message.
See Appendix A for information about BOOT error messages.
4. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
4.4.2 Loading from Magnetic Tape and Changing Parameters
To load from a magnetic-tape drive other than drive 0, perform the
4-8
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
following steps:
1. Make sure the POWER light is on. If the light is not on,
press POWER to the ON position and type CTRL/C within 30
seconds. If you do not type CTRL/C within 30 seconds, the
system will begin the automatic boot procedure from the disk.
(See Section 4.3.1 for details on the automatic boot
procedure.)
2. Make sure the monitor tape is mounted on the magnetic-tape
drive you want. The default drive is 0.
3. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog. When you press RETURN to answer a question, the
system assumes the default value.
KS10>MS<RET> Type MS and press RETURN.
>>UBA?<RET> Which UBA is the drive controller
attached to? Press RETURN.
>>RHBASE?<RET> What is the RH11 base address? Press
RETURN.
>>TCU?<RET> What is the tape-controller unit
number? Press RETURN. Your system
may print UNIT. UNIT and TCU both
refer to the tape-controller unit
number.
>>DENS?<RET> What is the tape density? The tape
density depends on the type of drive
you have. (See Chapter 3 for more
information about tape densities.)
Press RETURN.
>>SLV?n<RET> What is the slave? Type the number
(n) that is on the outside of the
magnetic-tape drive and press RETURN.
KS10>MT<RET> Type MT and press RETURN.
KS10>USR MOD The CTY enters user mode.
BOOT V#(#) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the default
monitor from the magnetic tape.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
4-9
STARTING THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
4. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
4.4.3 Loading the Monitor from a Nondefault File
To load a monitor from a file other than DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4], perform
the following steps:
1. Load the system as usual from disk (see Sections 4.3.1 and
4.4.1) or magnetic tape (see Sections 4.3.3 and 4.4.2). When
the CTY prints the bootstrap program prompt (BOOT>) perform
Step 2.
2. Type the monitor name (for example, NEWMON.EXE) or a complete
file specification and then press RETURN. Everything that
you type is underscored in the following example:
BOOT>NEWMON.EXE<RET> This is an example of using BOOT to
load the monitor from disk or magnetic
tape.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
3. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
4.5 ANSWERING MONITOR STARTUP QUESTIONS
When you have loaded the microcode, the bootstrap program, and the
monitor, you can start timesharing by answering the questions in the
monitor startup dialog. Section 5.6 briefly describes the startup
dialog. See the TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for a detailed
discussion of the dialog.
4-10
CHAPTER 5
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
This chapter contains step-by-step instructions for loading and
starting a KL system. Sections 5.1 through 5.8 apply to both
single-processor and Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) systems.
Sections 5.9 through 5.9.2 apply to SMP systems only.
To load and start a single-processor system, perform the following
steps:
1. Power up the system. (See Section 5.2.)
2. Load the RSX-20F front-end file system. (See Section 5.3.)
3. Load the monitor and start the central processor (CPU). (See
Section 5.4 or Section 5.5.)
4. Answer the monitor startup questions. (See Section 5.6.)
5. Load the communications front end (if any).
To load and start an SMP system, perform the following steps:
1. Read Section 5.9, which defines the terms policy and
nonpolicy CPU.
2. Power up the system. (See Section 5.2.)
3. Load the RSX-20F front-end file system on each nonpolicy CPU
from disk or DECtape using the switch register. (See Section
5.5.1)
4. Load the RSX-20F front-end file system, the bootstrap
program, and the monitor on the policy CPU. Do not answer
the monitor startup questions at this time. (See Section
5.9.1.)
5. Start each nonpolicy CPU. (See Section 5.9.1.)
5-1
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
6. Answer the monitor startup questions at the CTY that is
attached to the policy CPU. (See Section 5.6.)
7. Load any communications front ends.
At nearly every step there are choices that you must make about how
you want the system to start. For example, there are at least four
ways to load RSX-20F, and two ways to load the monitor. To help you
make these choices and to help you find the sections that are of
interest to you, see Figures 5-1 through 5-3.
START
|
v
See Sections
5.1 through 5.3
|
v YES See Sections
Do you have an SMP system?-------> 5.9.1 and 5.9.2
| NO
v
See Figures
5-2 and 5-3
|
v
End
Figure 5-1: Reading Path for Chapter 5
5.1 SWITCHES AND LIGHTS
Before you start your system, become familiar with the switches and
lights on the cabinets.
On all systems except the 1091, six rocker switches are located in the
middle of the front panel. Just to the right of them are the two
indicator lights.
On the 1091, six rocker switches are located on the top left corner of
the front panel. To the right of the rocker switches are the two
power switches. Just above the rocker switches are the two indicator
lights.
5-2
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
START
|
v
+---------------------+
| Do you want to load | YES
| from magtape? |--------------+
+---------------------+ |
|NO |
| |
v v
+---------------------+ +-------------------+
| Do you want to load | YES | [1] Load with |
| with non-defaults? |----->| switch register |
+---------------------+ +-------------------+
|NO |
| |
| v
| +--------------+ +---------------+
+------------------>| Is bootstrap | YES | [3] Load |
| on disk? |---->| from disk |
+--------------+ +---------------+
|NO |
| v
| END
v
+--------------+ +---------------+
| Do you have | YES | [4] Load |
| a 1091? |---->| from floppies |
+--------------+ +---------------+
|NO |
| v
| END
v
+--------------+
| [2] Load |
| from DECtape |
+--------------+
|
v
END
When you are tracing through this flowchart, if you pass through:
[1] and [2], load from DECtape using the switch
register. (See Section 5.5.1)
[1] and [3], load from disk using the switch
register. (See Section 5.5.1)
[1] and [4], load from floppies using the switch
register. (See Section 5.5.1)
5-3
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
[2], load from DECtape. (See Section 5.4.4)
[3], load from disk. (See Section 5.4.1)
[4], load from floppies. (See Section 5.4.3)
Figure 5-2: RSX-20F Loading Choices
START
|
|
v
Did you load Do you want
RSX-20F with YES to load from YES
the SW/REG?------------->magnetic tape?--------->See Section 5.5.2
| | |
|NO |NO |
----------------------------->|<----------------------------
|
v
Do you want to load Press RETURN
the default monitor to answer the
from the file YES bootstrap program
SYSTEM.EXE? ----------->prompt.
|NO |
| |
v v
See Section 5.5.3 END
|
|
END
Figure 5-3: Monitor Loading Choices
All systems have four load switches grouped together on the left front
panel. They are, from left to right, SW/REG, DISK, DECTAPE or FLOPPY,
and ENABLE/DISABLE. When you press the top half of a load switch, it
is ON. Table 5-1 lists the load switches and their functions.
5-4
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Table 5-1: Load Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Function
______________________________________________________________________
SW/REG Loads the front end according to the contents of the
switch register.
DISK Loads the front end from a disk pack.
DECTAPE (All systems except 1091) Loads the front end from
DECtapes mounted on the PDP-11 DECtape drives.
FLOPPY (1091 only) Loads the front end from floppy disks.
ENABLE/ Enables loading from any load switch.
DISABLE
______________________________________________________________________
There are two power switches. The black switch, which is labeled
POWER ON and POWER OFF, normally supplies or cuts power to the system.
The red switch, which is labeled EMERGENCY POWER OFF, cuts the power
in an emergency such as fire.
NOTE
Only your Field Service representative can restore
power after you press the red switch.
There are two indicator lights labeled FAULT and POWER. Table 5-2
explains these lights.
5-5
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Table 5-2: Indicator Lights
______________________________________________________________________
Light Condition Explanation
______________________________________________________________________
FAULT ON The system is malfunctioning. This can
(during indicate one of the following faults:
system o A circuit breaker was tripped.
loading) o A cabinet door is open.
o The system is overheating.
o There is an air flow problem.
If the POWER light is not blinking, one
of the above faults will cause a power
failure.
If you cannot correct the fault, call
your Field Service representative.
ON The central processor has stopped. Try
(during to reload. If the reload fails, call
timesharing) your Field Service representative.
OFF The central processor is operating
normally.
POWER ON The central processor is powered up.
OFF The central processor is powered down.
BLINKING A Field Service representative at your
installation may have set OVERRIDE. Do
not run the system with OVERRIDE set.
OVERRIDE prevents the processor from
powering down if it overheats. Call
your Field Service Representative.
If the FAULT light is on and the POWER
light is blinking, then the system may
continue to run.
______________________________________________________________________
The switch register contains 18 switches that represent bit settings.
These switches, numbered 17 through 0 from left to right, set certain
values when you load from the switch register. To set a switch, lift
it up. See Section 5.5.1 for more information on the switch register.
5-6
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
5.2 POWERING UP THE SYSTEM
Before you power up the system, turn on the console terminal (CTY).
Make sure that it is on line and has paper. If you have an SMP
system, there is a CTY for each CPU. Turn on each CTY, making sure
that it is online and has paper.
Make sure that the peripheral devices, as follows, are powered up.
o Line printers
o Magnetic-tape drives
o Disk drives
If they are not, see the appropriate chapters in the TOPS-10/TOPS-20
Operator's Hardware Device and Maintenance Guide for instructions.
To power up the system, press the black power switch to the POWER ON
position.
NOTE
If the FAULT light is on, the system will not power up
unless OVERRIDE is set. (See Table 5-2.)
5.3 FAMILIARIZING YOURSELF WITH RSX-20F
The PDP-11 front end has its own front-end file system and front-end
monitor. The front-end monitor is RSX-20F. To avoid confusion with
the TOPS-10 monitor, this manual refers to the RSX-20F monitor as
"RSX-20F" and the TOPS-10 monitor as "the monitor." (See the
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 RSX-20F System Reference Manual for complete
information on RSX-20F.)
The RSX-20F command language processor, the PARSER, allows you to
communicate with front-end programs such as KLINIT. KLINIT is the
program that initializes the KL10 central processor. The RSX-20F
software must reside on a disk drive that is connected to both the
PDP-11 and KL10. The front-end file structure cannot reside on an
RP07 or an RP20.
Section 5.3.1 is a brief discussion of the PARSER and how to use it.
Section 5.3.2 is a brief discussion of KLINIT and its operator dialog.
5.3.1 Using the PARSER
The PARSER allows you to communicate with RSX-20F.
5-7
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
To enter the PARSER, type CTRL/backslash (^\). (CTRL/backslash does
not echo on the CTY.) The PARSER then prints one of the following
prompts and waits for you to type a command:
PAR> The KL10 is running (that is, the KL10 clock is running
and the KL10 run flip-flop is on).
PAR% The KL10 microcode is in a halt loop (that is, the KL10
clock is running, but the KL10 run flip-flop is off).
PAR# The KL10 clock is stopped and the KL10 is not running (the
KL10 run flip-flop is off).
NOTE
If the PARSER displays the PAR# prompt during
timesharing, you must reload the system or restart the
central processor.
To exit from the PARSER, type QUIT.
For more information on the PARSER, see the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 RSX-20F
System Reference Manual.
5.3.2 Using KLINIT
KLINIT is the KL10 initialization program. By default KLINIT performs
the following steps:
o Selects the MCA25 page table. (MCA25 systems only.)
o Loads the KL10 microcode.
o Configures cache memory as specified in the configuration
file, KL.CFG.
o Enables all caches.
o Configures KL10 memory as specified in KL.CFG.
o Configures all internal core memory.
o Configures all of the external memory modules.
o Configures up to 4-way memory interleaving.
o Sets the external-memory bus mode for optimal performance.
o Configures all MOS memory (1091 systems only).
5-8
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o Configures all memory blocks for controller n, where n is the
current controller number.
o Loads the bootstrap specified in the KL.CFG file. If there
is no KL.CFG file, KLINIT uses the default bootstrap, which
loads the monitor from the default file, DSK:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
o Writes a new KL.CFG file that contains the current
configuration and load parameters.
o Exits from KLINIT.
The configuration of your system may cause KLINIT to skip certain
steps. KLINIT performs only the steps that are appropriate for your
system. If you have SW/REG set to OFF, KLINIT performs default
actions. If you want to change any default parameters or actions, set
SW/REG to ON.
The KLINIT operator dialog is a series of questions preceded by
"KLI --". To enter the KLINIT operator dialog after you have loaded
RSX-20F, do the following:
1. Set at least Switches 0, 1, and 2 in the switch register.
(See Section 5.5.1 for more information on switch-register
settings.)
2. Press the SW/REG and ENABLE load switches simultaneously.
3. Type YES and press RETURN when KLINIT prints the following
question on the CTY:
KLI -- ENTER DIALOG [NO, YES, EXIT, BOOT]? YES<RET>
To enter the KLINIT operator dialog when RSX-20F is already running,
type everything that is underscored in the following dialog:
^\ Type CTRL/backslash, (not
echoed) to communicate
with the PARSER.
PAR>MCR KLINIT<RET> Type MCR KLINIT and press
RETURN to load KLINIT.
KLI -- ENTER DIALOG [NO, YES,EXIT,BOOT]?YES<RET>
Type YES and press RETURN
to enter the KLINIT
operator dialog.
See Appendix D for detailed information on answering the KLINIT dialog
questions.
5-9
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
5.4 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING DEFAULT PARAMETERS
Before you begin to load the system, make sure that:
o All hardware and software is properly installed.
o The disk packs are mounted properly.
If you are installing the system for the first time, or installing a
new version of the software, see the TOPS-10 Software Installation
Guide.
The default parameters for loading the system are:
1. Unit 0 is the default disk or magnetic-tape drive.
2. DSK:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4] is the default monitor file.
3. KLINIT performs the default operations described in Section
5.3.2.
If you want to use nondefault parameters to load the system, see
Section 5.5.
You can load RSX-20F from one of the following:
1. Disk pack (all systems). (See Section 5.4.1.)
2. Floppy disks (1091 systems only). (See Section 5.4.3.)
3. DECtapes (all systems except 1091). (See Section 5.4.4.)
To load the monitor from magnetic tape, see Section 5.5.2.
5.4.1 Loading RSX-20F from Disk
Before you load RSX-20F from disk using the default parameters, make
sure that:
o The POWER light is on. If it is not, perform the steps
listed in Section 5.2.
o The hardware and software are properly installed. If they
are not, see the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Operator's Hardware Device
and Maintenance Guide for instructions.
o The disk pack that contains RSX-20F is mounted on a
dual-ported disk drive. If it is not, see the
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 Operator's Hardware Device and Maintenance
Guide for instructions.
5-10
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o The disk pack is mounted on disk-drive unit 0. If it is not,
see Section 5.5.1.
To load RSX-20F from disk, do the following:
1. Press the ENABLE half of the ENABLE/DISABLE Load switch and
the DISK Load switch at the same time. This causes RSX-20F
to load from the disk on drive 0, and causes KLINIT to load.
2. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
RSX-20F VE##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DB0:] DB0: is the system device
[DB0: MOUNTED] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-##RUNNING KLINIT prints this and
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 1026., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ the following lines.
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
MCA25 CACHE PAGER
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI--SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE,BOTH,O,1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI--PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.#[###] LOADED
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 1024K 4 DMA20 4
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED KLINIT has loaded and
started BOOT.
BOOT V#(#) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor startup
questions begin. (See Section 5.6.) If the system does not print the
first monitor startup question, BOOT prints an error message. (See
5-11
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Appendix A for more information about BOOT messages.)
If KLI -- followed by a message prints on the CTY before the BOOT
version number, see Chapter 11.
5.4.2 Reloading the Monitor from Disk
To reload the monitor from disk when the monitor is already running,
first halt timesharing, and then reload the monitor. To do this,
perform the following steps:
1. Make sure the POWER light is on. If the light is not on, see
Section 5.4.1.
2. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
.ENTER OPR<RET>
OPR>SET KSYS NOW<RET>
OPR>EXIT<RET>
^\ Type CTRL/backslash (not
echoed) to communicate with
the PARSER.
PAR>SHUT<RET> Type SHUT and press RETURN
to shut down the system.
DECSYSTEM-10 NOT RUNNING The monitor has stopped.
BOOT>DSKB:<RET> Type DSKB: and press
RETURN to load the default
monitor from the file
DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]] BOOT is now reloading the
monitor.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
3. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
5.4.3 Loading RSX-20F from Floppy Disks
Before you load RSX-20F from floppy disks using the default
parameters, make sure that:
5-12
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o The POWER light is on. If it is not, see Section 5.2.
o All of the software is on floppies. If it is not, see
Section 5.4.1.
o Floppy A, which contains BOOT, is mounted on Unit 0, the left
unit. If it is not, mount Floppy A on Unit 0.
o Floppy B is mounted on Unit 1, the right unit. If it is not,
mount Floppy B on Unit 1.
To load RSX-20F from floppy disks using the default parameters, do the
following:
1. Press the ENABLE half of the ENABLE/DISABLE load switch and
the FLOPPY load switch at the same time.
This causes RSX-20F to load from floppies and causes KLINIT
to load.
2. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
RSX-20F VE##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DX0:] DX0 is the system device
[DX0: MOUNTED] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-## RUNNING KLINIT prints this and
KLI --KL10 S/N: 2136., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ the following lines.
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
MCA25 CACHE PAGER Appears only if your system
has MCA25 hardware.
MOS MASTER OSCILLATOR
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI -- SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE, BOTH, 0, 1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI -- PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.# [###] LOADED
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- % MOS MEMORY IS ALREADY CONFIGURED
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 128K 4 MA20 0 & 1
00400000 768K 4 MF20 11
5-13
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED KLINIT has loaded and
started BOOT.
BOOT V#(##) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin. If the system does not print the
first monitor startup question, there is a problem with BOOT.
See Appendix A for an explanation of the BOOT messages.
3. To start timesharing, answer the monitor startup questions
described in Section 5.6.
If KLI messages are printed on your CTY before the BOOT version
number, see Chapter 11. KLINIT only prints messages that are
applicable to your system's configuration.
5.4.4 Loading RSX-20F from DECtape
Before you load RSX-20F from DECtape using the default parameters,
make sure that:
o The POWER light is on. If it is not, see Section 5.2.
o All of the software is on DECtape. If it is not, see Section
5.4.1.
o The DECtape is mounted properly on unit 0. If it is not, see
Section 5.5.1.
To load RSX-20F from DECtape using the default parameters, perform the
following steps:
1. Press the ENABLE half of the ENABLE/DISABLE load switch and
the DECTAPE load switch at the same time.
This causes RSX-20F to load from the DECtape on unit 0 and
causes KLINIT to load.
2. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
RSX-20F VA##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DT0:] DT0 is the system device
5-14
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
[DT0: MOUNTED for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-## RUNNING KLINIT prints this and
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 1026., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ the next 14 lines.
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
MCA25 CACHE PAGER
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI -- SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE,BOTH,0,1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI -- PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.#[###] LOADED
KLI -- % NO FILE - ALL CACHE BEING CONFIGURED
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- % NO FILE - ALL MEMORY BEING CONFIGURED
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 1024K 4 DMA20 4
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED KLINIT has loaded and
started BOOT.
BOOT V#(##) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin. If the system does not print the
first monitor startup question, BOOT prints an error message.
(For explanations of BOOT messages, see Appendix A.)
3. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
If a KLI message is printed on your CTY before the BOOT version
number, see Chapter 11.
5.5 LOADING THE SYSTEM USING NONDEFAULT PARAMETERS
Before you begin to load the system using nondefault parameters, make
sure that:
5-15
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o The hardware and software are properly installed.
o The disk packs are mounted properly.
If you are installing the system for the first time, or installing a
new version of the software, see the TOPS-10 Software Installation
Guide.
The default parameters for loading the system are:
o Unit 0 is the default disk or magnetic-tape drive.
o DSK:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4] is the default monitor file.
o KLINIT performs its default operations. (See Section 5.3.2.)
You must enter the KLINIT dialog if you want to change a default
parameter or action. The KLINIT operator dialog allows you to:
o Configure cache or memory.
o Load a bootstrap program that does not reside in the BOOT.EXB
file.
o Load from a disk pack, floppy, or DECtape that is not mounted
on unit 0.
The file specification of the default monitor is DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
To load a default monitor other than DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4], you do not
have to enter the KLINIT operator dialog. Instead, see Section 5.5.3
to load the monitor.
After you answer the monitor startup question, INITIA may print a few
lines on the CTY. INITIA is a system program that automatically:
o Starts those jobs that you always want to run at system
startup.
o Initializes terminal characteristics.
Whether or not your system runs INITIA at system startup is determined
when the monitor is generated. See the TOPS-10 Software Installation
Guide for more information on INITIA.
5.5.1 Loading RSX-20F Using the Switch Register
To load RSX-20F from disk, floppy, or DECtape using the switch
register, perform the following steps:
5-16
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
1. Set (lift up) Switch 0 to enable the other switches in the
switch register.
2. Set any other switches in the switch register that you want.
See Table 5-3 for an explanation of each switch setting.
3. Press the ENABLE half of the ENABLE/DISABLE load switch and
the SW/REG load switches at the same time.
This causes RSX-20F to access the disk drive (Switch 7 on) or
the DECtape drive or floppy disk (Switch 7 off) with the unit
number specified in Switches 8 through 10. KLINIT is loaded
and enters the KLINIT operator dialog. At this point, if you
want to load the monitor from a magnetic tape, see Section
5.5.2.
4. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
Table 5-3: Switch-Register Switch Definitions
______________________________________________________________________
Switch* Setting Explanation
______________________________________________________________________
0 ON Enables the other switches in the switch
register. Set this bit.
1 and 2 OFF Loads RSX-20F as if it were being loaded as
described in Section 5.4, except that you
can specify the unit number of the bootstrap
device in Switches 8 through 10.
1 and 2 ON Loads RSX-20F, and loads and starts KLINIT.
Usually, you should set these switches.
1 or 2 ON Loads RSX-20F, but does not communicate with
the central processors.
3 to 6 OFF Not used. Do not set these switches.
7 OFF Designates the floppy disk (for 1091) or
DECtape (for all systems except 1091) as the
bootstrap device. The front-end files on
these floppy disks are used for system
loading.
7 ON Designates a disk pack mounted on a
5-17
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
dual-ported disk drive as the bootstrap
device.
8 to 10 ON Specifies in binary the unit number of the
bootstrap device (0 to 7). For example, no
switches set indicate unit 0, Switch 8 set
indicates unit 1, Switch 9 set indicates
unit 2, Switches 8 and 9 set indicate unit
3, Switch 10 set indicates unit 4, Switches
8 and 10 set indicate unit 5, and Switches 9
and 10 set indicate unit 6.
11 to 14 OFF Not used. Do not set.
15 OFF Retries an operation 10 times when an I/O
error occurs during bootstrapping. Usually,
you should set this switch on.
15 ON Retries an operation indefinitely when an
I/O error occurs during bootstrapping.
Usually, you should set this switch on.
16 to 17 OFF Not used. Do not set these switches.
______________________________________________________________________
*Switches are numbered 17 to 0 from left to right.
----- Examples -----
Example 1 shows what prints on your CTY when you load from disk pack
with Switches 0, 7, 8, and 9 set ON. Example 2 shows what prints on
your CTY when you load from disk pack with Switches 0, 1, 2, and 7 set
ON. See Table 5-3 for an explanation of each switch setting.
1. Loading from Disk Pack with Switches 0, 7, 8 and 9 set ON. If
you set Switches 0, 7, 8, and 9, the following dialog prints on
the CTY. Everything that you must type is underscored. (This is
only an example.)
RSX-20F VE##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DB3:] DB3 is the system device
[DB3: MOUNTED] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VE##-## RUNNING KLINIT prints this and
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 2136., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ the following lines.
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT: (MCA25 systems only)
MCA25 CACHE PAGER
5-18
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
MOS MASTER OSCILLATOR (Prints on 1091 only)
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI -- SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE, BOTH, 0, 1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI -- PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.#[###] LOADED
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 1024K 4 DMA20 4
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED
BOOT V#(##) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
Why reload: SCHED This is the first monitor
startup question. (See
Section 5.6 for more
information on answering
monitor startup questions.)
2. Loading from Disk Pack with Switches 0, 1, 2, and 7 set ON. If
you set switches 0, 1, 2, and 7, the following sample dialog
prints on the CTY. Everything that you must type is underscored.
See Appendix D for more information on answering KLINIT
questions. (This is only an example.)
RSX-20F VA##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DB0:] DB0 is the system device
[DB0: MOUNTED] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-## RUNNING
KLI -- ENTER DIALOG [NO,YES,EXIT,BOOT]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 1026., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
MCA25 CACHE PAGER (Printed on MCA25 systems
only.)
5-19
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI -- SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE, BOTH, 0, 1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI -- PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- RELOAD MICROCODE [YES,VERIFY,FIX,NO]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.#[###]LOADED
KLI -- RECONFIGURE CACHE [FILE,ALL,YES,NO]?
KLI>ALL<RET>
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- CONFIGURE KL MEMORY [FILE,ALL,REVERSE,YES,NO]?
KLI>ALL<RET>
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 1024K 4 DMA20 4
KLI -- LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP [FILE,YES,NO,FILENAME]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- WRITE CONFIGURATION FILE [YES,NO]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED
BOOT V#( #) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
Why reload: SCHED This is the first monitor
startup question. (See
Section 5.6 for more
information on answering
monitor startup questions.)
5.5.2 Loading from Magnetic Tape
Before you load the monitor from a magnetic tape, make sure that:
o The magnetic tape that contains the monitor is mounted on
drive 0. If it is not, mount it on any drive, but remember
to tell BOOT which drive you mounted it on. To do this, type
the controller type and drive number in the command as shown
in Section 5.5.3.
5-20
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o BOOT is on disk, floppy, or DECtape. If it is not, you
cannot load from magnetic tape.
To load the monitor from magnetic tape, do the following:
1. Perform the steps listed in Section 5.5.1.
2. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
KLI -- LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP [YES,NO,FILENAME]?
KLI>filename.ext<RET> Type the name of the file
that is the magnetic-tape
bootstrap program, BOOT.
KLI -- WRITE CONFIGURATION FILE [YES,NO]? Type YES or NO to answer
KLI>YES<RET> this question.
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN This line prints if you
answered YES above.
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED
BOOT V# ( #) BOOT version number.
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]
on tape drive 0 of a TM10
controller.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section 5.6.
5.5.3 Loading the Monitor from a Nondefault File
To load the monitor from a file that has been saved with a file
specification other than the default, DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4], do the
following:
1. Load the system as usual. (See Sections 5.4 through 5.5.2.)
When the bootstrap program prompt (BOOT>) prints on the CTY,
perform Step 2.
2. Type the monitor name (for example, NEWMON.EXE) and press
RETURN. Everything that you type is underscored in the
following sample dialogs:
BOOT>NEWMON.EXE<RET> This is an example of
using BOOT to load the
monitor from disk pack,
5-21
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
floppy, or DECtape.
To specify a nondefault
file on magtape, instead
of pressing RETURN, type:
BOOT>dev:filename.ext[ppn]/controller:drivenumber
where controller is:
/TM02:n for TU45 and TU77 tape drives.
/TM03:n for TU45 and TU77 tape drives.
/TM10:n for TU10, TU40, and TU41 tape drives.
/TM78:n for TU78/79 tape drives.
/TX01:n for TU70, TU71, and TU72 tape drives on DX10.
/TX02:n for TU72 tape drives.
/DX20:n for TU7x tape drive n on DX20.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section 5.6.
5.6 ANSWERING MONITOR STARTUP QUESTIONS
After you load RSX-20F, the bootstrap program, and the monitor, start
timesharing by answering the questions in the monitor startup dialog.
See the TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for a detailed discussion
of each of the questions in this section.
The following is a sample dialog. Everything that you must supply is
underscored.
TOPS-10 704 Development dd-mm-yy System name and monitor
creation date.
Why reload: SCHED<RET> Type reason for reload.
You may type one of the following words and press RETURN to
tell the monitor why you want to reload the system. (For
example, PM means Preventive Maintenance, CM means Corrective
Maintenance, and SA means Stand Alone.) You may want to
follow your answer to the Why reload: question with a
comment. To do this, before you press RETURN, type a
semi-colon (;) followed by a comment and then press RETURN.
Your answer and any comment is stored in the system error
file and reported by SPEAR.
CM NEW PM
HALT NXM POWER
HARDWARE OPR SA
5-22
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
HUNG OTHER SCHED
LOOP PARITY STATIC
If you do not reply to this question within 60 seconds, the
system assumes OTHER, and prompts you for a comment. If you
type /H in reply to this question, the system prints a list
of valid responses.
Date: OCT 19<RET> Type the date.
The date must be the current day and month. You may
abbreviate the month as long as it is still unique. You may
specify the year, however, it is optional. If you omit the
year, the system assumes the year in which the monitor was
created.
If you type a date or time that is before the last crash or
the monitor creation date, the system prints either:
%Specified date is prior to last crash.
Last crash date: Apr-14-88 09:12:45
Specified date: Mar-6-88
Is this correct? (Y or N)N<RET>
Please type today's date as MON-DD(-YY)
May 6<RET>
or
%Specified date is prior to monitor creation date.
Creation date: Jan-11-88 09:14:00
Is this correct? (Y or N)N<RET>
Please type today's date as MON-DD(-YY)
May 6<RET>
Time: 1728<RET> Type time using 24-hour
clock.
The time must be based on a 24-hour clock. For example, 1:30
p.m. is 13:30. Use of seconds field and colons is optional.
CAUTION
If you type the date or time incorrectly, you
may cause files to be accidentally deleted
when the file system is backed up. To reset
these values, see the OPR commands SET SYSTEM
DATE and SET SYSTEM DAYTIME in the TOPS-10
Operator's Command Language Reference Manual.
Startup option: QUICK<RET> Type the startup option.
Type one of the following words and press RETURN to tell the monitor
5-23
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
how you want to start the system. The valid answers to the startup
option question fall into two categories:
1. Those that change disk parameters:
CHANGE
DESTROY
LONG
REFRESH
UNITID
For more information, refer to the ONCE dialog in the TOPS-10
Software Installation Guide.
2. Those that start the monitor without changing any parameters:
GO
NOINITIA
QUICK
Normally, reply QUICK.
5.7 LOADING A COMMUNICATIONS FRONT END
Each system can have more than one front end connected to its central
processors. The front end that you (the operator) use is called a
console front end. Other front ends are called communications or
network front ends. The central processors in a network are called
hosts. Every processor is called a node.
There are four types of communications front ends:
1. DN87, which is loaded with the BOOT11 program over a DL10
interface. (See Section 5.7.1.)
2. DN85, which is loaded with the BOOT11 program over a DL10
interface. (See Section 5.7.1.)
3. DN20, which is loaded with the DTELDR program over a DTE20
interface. (See Section 5.7.2.)
4. DN87S, which is loaded with the DTELDR program over a DTE20
interface. (See Section 5.7.2.)
You can automatically load (and reload) a communications front end by
including the appropriate commands in your OPR.ATO file. For example,
to automatically reload a communications front end that is interfaced
over DTE2, include the following commands in your OPR.ATO file:
5-24
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
:SLOG<RET> Log in a subjob.
:DEF DTE=<RET> Call it DTE.
DTE-R DTELDR<RET> Load and start DTELDR for
this subjob.
DTE-/INIT:2<RET> Start communicating with
this DN87S node.
DTE-/RELOAD:2/NODUMP<RET> Load (default) DTEL02.BIN
over DTE2 and suppress
the dump.
DTE-/AUTO<RET> Set for automatic reload.
5.7.1 Loading with BOOT11 over a DL10
To load a communications front end over a DL10, use BOOT11. This
program should be available on DSKB:[1,2] or on SYS:, the system
library.
To run BOOT11, type everything that is underscored in the following
sample dialog:
.R BOOT11<RET> Run BOOT11.
File:<RET>
Press RETURN
"PDP-11 started BOOT11 has started the
communications front end.
NOTE
You must specify the port number if more than one
PDP-11 is interfaced over a DL10 on your host.
Table 5.4 lists the BOOT11 switches. For more information on the
BOOT11 switches, see the BOOT11 specification in the TOPS-10 Software
Notebooks.
5-25
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Table 5-4: BOOT11 Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Explanation
______________________________________________________________________
/CLEAR:n Zeroes PDP-11 memory from location 0 to n-1. To zero
front-end memory before you load BOOT11, use /CLEAR
with the /LOAD or /START switch. If you omit :n,
this switch clears all memory.
/DUMP:n Dumps front-end memory, starting at octal location n,
into the specified host system's file. If you omit
:n, BOOT11 assumes 0.
/END:n Ends a dump at address N-1. If you omit :n, BOOT11
assumes all memory.
/HELP Types the BOOT11 help file.
/IMAGE Reads the front-end load file in an unpacked form.
When your system reads from a paper-tape reader, it
automatically sets the /IMAGE switch.
/LOAD:n Loads the front-end from the specified host processor
file and sets the starting address at octal n. (Do
not use the /START switch with /LOAD.) If you omit
:n, BOOT11 defaults to the starting address of the
file that you loaded.
/PORTNO:n Performs the specified operation on front-end Port
Number n, where n is from 0 through 7.
/START:n (Default switch.) Loads the front end from the host
processor file and starts the front end at octal
location n. If you omit :n, BOOT11 defaults to the
starting address of the file that you loaded. (If
the loaded file's starting address is an odd number,
use the /LOAD switch instead of /START.)
______________________________________________________________________
5-26
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
The following is an example of clearing the PDP-11 on Port Number 2,
and loading and starting a program called DN87.BIN.
.R BOOT11<RET> Run BOOT11.
File:DN87.BIN/CLEAR/START/PORTNO:2<RET>
Type the file
specification and
switches to load and
start the communications
front end.
"Clearing PDP-11 BOOT11 prints these four
"PDP-11 loading messages to report on
"PDP-11 loaded its progress.
"PDP-11 started
5.7.2 Loading with DTELDR over a DTE20
To load a communications front end over a DTE20, use DTELDR. This
program should be available on DSKB:[1,2] or on SYS:, the system
library.
To run DTELDR, type the following command. At the * prompt, type the
file specification of the .BIN file. The default file specification
is assumed if you just press RETURN. The default is DSKB:DTELxy.BIN,
where x=CPU number, and y=DTE number. DTE number 0 is reserved for
the console front end.
.R DTELDR<RET> Run DTELDR.
*dev:filename.ext[ppn]/switch<RET>
You may include one or more switches after the prompt.
Table 5-5 lists some common DTELDR switches.
5-27
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Table 5-5: DTELDR Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Explanation
______________________________________________________________________
/AUTO Reloads a crashed front end automatically with its
default file.
/HELP Displays the DTELDR help file.
/IMAGE The .BIN file is in image mode.
/NODUMP Suppresses the automatic dumping of PDP-11 memory
before loading a file.
/NOLOG Suppresses error logging when loading a front end.
/RELOAD:xy Reloads the specified file and starts the primary
protocol.
/PROTOCOL:prototype
Starts the front end with the specified protocol
type.
______________________________________________________________________
See the DTELDR help file and the DTELDR specification in the TOPS-10
Software Notebooks for more information on DTELDR and its switches.
For more information on loading communications front ends, see the
TOPS-10 ANF-10 Networks Software Installation Guide.
5.8 LOADING THE DX10 OR DX20 DATA CHANNEL
To operate the TU70-series magnetic tape drives, load the microcode
into the DX10 or DX20 data channel. In addition, if you have an RP20
disk system, load the microcode for the RP20 disk system into its DX20
data channel. To load the microcode, run OPR and use the CONFIG
command, LOAD, as shown below:
.R OPR
OPR>ENTER CONFIG
CONFIG>LOAD MTA
CONFIG>
14:14:59 CONFIG -- LOAD microcode --
Microcode loaded on CPU0, device 554, unit 0
5-28
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
CONFIG>
The bootstrap program BOOTDX, which runs under timesharing, loads
(and, in the case of DX10, dumps) programs from the TOPS-10 disk file
system into the PDP-8A (for DX10) or the DX20 microprocessor. These
programs must be in PDP-8A (for DX10) or DX20 microprocessor
image-mode file format. Normally, BOOTDX resides in the SYS: area.
To run BOOTDX, type the following command. At the prompt, press
RETURN to load the DX10 default file using the default switches,
SYS:DXMPA.BIN/START/UNIT:0. Type /DX20 to load the tape DX20 default
file, SYS:DXMCA.ADX. Type /DX20:RP20 to load the RP20 default file
SYS:DXMCD.ADX. To specify a different file, type
dev:filename.ext/switches and press RETURN.
.R BOOTDX<RET> Run BOOTDX.
File:/switch<RET>
You may include one or more switches at the prompt. Table 5-6 lists
the DX10 BOOTDX switches.
Table 5-6: DX10 BOOTDX Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Explanation
______________________________________________________________________
/CLEAR:n Clears memory from 0 to n-1. (Default is 10000.)
/CPU:n Selects CPU on which DX10 exists. (Default is CPU0.)
/DUMP:n* Specifies start address of dump. (Default is 0.)
/DX10 Identifies device as DC10.
/END:n* Specifies dump address+1. (Default is 10000.)
/HELP Prints help text.
/LOAD:n** Loads DX10 and sets start address but does not start
DX10. (Default is 200 octal.)
/START:n** Loads and starts DX10 at address n. (Default is 200
octal.)
/UNIT:n Selects DC10 unit, 0 or 1 <= n. (Default is 0.)
______________________________________________________________________
5-29
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
* /DUMP or /END causes BOOTDX to ignore /LOAD and /START.
** /LOAD and /START are mutually exclusive.
The following is an example of loading and starting the BOOTDX
bootstrap program, clearing PDP-8A memory, loading the file DXMPA.BIN
or DXMPA.A8 from SYS:, and starting the PDP-8A at location 200 octal.
.R BOOTDX<RET>
File:SYS:/CLEAR/START<RET>
"Clearing DX-10
"DX-10 loading
"DX-10 loaded
"DC-10 started
Table 5-7 lists the DX20 BOOTDX switches.
Table 5-7: DX20 BOOTDX Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Explanation
______________________________________________________________________
/CLEAR:n Clears memory from 0 to n-1. (Default is all
memory.)
/CPU:n Selects CPU on which DX20 exists. (Default is CPU0.)
/DX20:n Identifies device as DX20 with controller n. n may
be TX02 or RP20. (Default is TX02.)
/HELP Prints help text.
/LOAD:n* Loads DC20 and sets start address but does not start
DX20. (Default is 1.)
/START:n* Loads and starts DX20 at address n. (Default is 1.)
/TYPE:n Specifies that DX20 must have device type n; that is,
low-order 6 bits of Massbus register 6. (Default is
60 octal for TX02 controller, 61 octal for RP20
controller).
/UNIT:nm** Selects DX20 unit m on RH20 n. (Default is 00.) R is
assumed to be 0 if only a single number is specified.
______________________________________________________________________
5-30
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
* /LOAD and START are mutually exclusive.
** If /UNIT is not specified, BOOTDX searches for another DX20 on
the system that meets all other restrictions.
The following is an example of loading and starting the BOOTDX
bootstrap program, clearing the KMC-11 memory, loading the DXMCA.ADX
file from SYS:, and starting the DX20 on a TX02 controller at address
1 on CPU1.
.R BOOTDX<RET>
File:SYS:/CLEAR/DX20/CPU:1/START<RET>
DX20 selected: RH20=3 DX20=0
"Clearing DX20
"DX20 started
Micro code version 1(0)
The following is an example of manually loading and starting BOOTDX,
clearing the microprocessor memory, loading the DXMCD.ADX file from
SYS:, and starting the DX20 on an RP20 controller at address 1 on
CPU1.
.R BOOTDX<RET>
File:SYS/CLEAR/DX20:RP20/CPU:1/START<RET>
DX20 Selected: RH20=4 DX20=0
" Clearing DX20
" DX20 started
Micro code version #(#)
5.9 RUNNING SYMMETRIC MULTIPROCESSING (SMP) SYSTEMS
The remainder of this chapter applies only to Symmetric
Multiprocessing (SMP) systems. SMP is supported for KL processors
only.
A Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) system has multiple central
processing units (CPUs), which are numbered sequentially starting from
CPU0. An SMP system has symmetric software. This means that each CPU
can perform computation and I/O. However, an SMP system does not
necessarily have symmetric hardware. For example, one CPU may have
two tape controllers, while another CPU has only one.
Each CPU communicates with you through its own console terminal (CTY).
Therefore, if an error occurs on CPU1, the error message that tells
you about that error is printed on the CTY that is attached to CPU1.
The CPU that you load, which is also the first CPU that you start, is
5-31
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
called the Policy or Boot CPU. All other CPUs are called Nonpolicy or
Nonboot CPUs.
Although any CPU can be the Policy CPU, your system administrator
should tell you which one to use.
If the Policy CPU crashes, and it does not automatically restart, one
of the Nonpolicy CPUs assumes the role of the Policy CPU. This is
called role switching. (See Figure 5-6.)
Before Role Switching After Role Switching
_________________________ _________________________
| | | |
| CPU0 CPU1 | | CPU0 CPU1 |
| ______ _______ | | ______ _______ |
| | Boot | |Nonboot| | | | Boot | |Nonboot| |
| | CPU | | CPU | | | | CPU | | CPU | |
| |______| |_______| | | |______| |_______| |
|_____|___________|_______| |_____|____________|______|
| | | |
__|___ ___|___ __|___ ___|____
| Load | | | | | | Reload |
| here | | | | | | here |
|______| |_______| |______| |________|
CTY CTY CTY CTY
Figure 5-4: Role Switching
When role switching occurs, the following message prints on the CTY
that is connected to the new Policy CPU:
CPUx Has Assumed the Role of Policy CPU at <date/time>
No special procedures are required to operate the Policy CPU.
5.9.1 Loading and Starting an SMP System
To load and start an SMP system, perform the following steps:
1. Make sure that each CPU has its own RSX-20F front-end
software on DECtapes or disks that are accessible to its
front-end processor.
2. Perform the following steps on each nonpolicy CPU:
a. Set Switches 0, 1, and 2 in the switch register. This
allows you to enter the KLINIT operator dialog.
5-32
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
b. Set any desired additional switches in the switch
register. (See Table 5-3 for a description of each
switch in the switch register.)
c. Press the ENABLE and SW/REG load switches at the same
time.
d. Type everything that is underscored in the following
sample dialog on the CTY:
RSX-20F VA##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DB0:] DB0 is the system device
[DB0: MOUNTED] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-## RUNNING
KLI -- ENTER DIALOG [NO,YES,EXIT,BOOT]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 1026., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
MCA25 CACHE PAGER
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI--SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE, BOTH, O, 1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI--PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- RELOAD MICROCODE [YES,VERIFY,FIX,NO]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.#[###]LOADED
KLI -- RECONFIGURE CACHE [FILE,ALL,YES,NO]?
KLI>ALL<RET>
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- CONFIGURE KL MEMORY [FILE,ALL,REVERSE,YES,NO]?
KLI>ALL<RET>
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 1024K 4 DMA20 4
KLI -- LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP [FILE,YES,NO,FILENAME]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- WRITE CONFIGURATION FILE [YES,NO]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- EXIT [YES,RESTART]?
KLI>YES<RET>
CTRL/\ Type CTRL/backslash to
5-33
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
communicate with the
PARSER.
PAR%RESET<RET> Type RESET and press
RETURN to ensure that the
processor is in a known
state. Do not type
anything else now.
Continue with Step 3.
3. Go to the Policy CPU.
4. Perform the following steps on the Policy CPU.
a. Set Switches 0, 1, and 2 in the switch register. This
allows you to enter the KLINIT operator dialog.
b. Set any desired additional switches in the switch
register. (See Table 5-3 for a description of each
switch in the switch register.)
c. Press the ENABLE and SW/REG load switches at the same
time.
5. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog on the CTY:
RSX-20F VA##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DB0:] DB0 is the system device
[DB0: MOUNTED] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-## RUNNING
KLI -- ENTER dialog [NO,YES,EXIT,BOOT]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 1026., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
MCA25 CACHE PAGER
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI--SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE, BOTH, O, 1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI--PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- RELOAD MICROCODE [YES,VERIFY,FIX,NO]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.#[###] LOADED
KLI -- RECONFIGURE CACHE [FILE,ALL,YES,NO]?
5-34
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
KLI>ALL<RET>
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- CONFIGURE KL MEMORY [FILE,ALL,REVERSE,YES,NO]?
KLI>ALL<RET>
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 1024K 4 DMA20 4
KLI -- LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP [FILE,YES,NO,FILENAME]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- WRITE CONFIGURATION FILE [YES,NO]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED
BOOT V#(##)<RET> BOOT version number.
BOOT<RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from
DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
Why reload: Do not type anything else
now. Continue with Step
6.
6. Go to the CTY of the first Nonpolicy CPU.
7. Type J 400 and press RETURN. When the CPU number is printed
on its CTY, then that CPU has started.
8. Repeat Steps 6 and 7 for each nonpolicy CPU.
9. Go to the CTY of the Policy CPU.
10. Answer the monitor startup questions.
5.9.2 Restarting a Nonpolicy CPU (SMP Systems Only)
To restart one of the Nonpolicy CPUs on an SMP system, perform the
following steps:
1. Make sure the Policy CPU is running.
2. Go to the Nonpolicy CPU that you want to restart.
3. Make sure that the Nonpolicy CPU has its own RSX-20F
front-end software on disk or DECtapes that are accessible to
its front-end processor.
5-35
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
4. Press ENABLE and DISK, DECTAPE, or SW/REG, depending on how
you want to load the front end.
5. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
RSX-20F VA##-## hh:mm dd-mmm-yy RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SY0: REDIRECTED TO DB0:] DB0 is the system device
[DB0: MOUNTED] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-## RUNNING
KLI -- ENTER DIALOG [NO,YES,EXIT,BOOT]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 1026., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
MCA25 CACHE PAGER
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI--SELECT PAGE TABLE [FILE, BOTH, O, 1]
KLI>BOTH<RET>
KLI--PAGE TABLE SELECTED:BOTH
KLI -- RELOAD MICROCODE [YES,VERIFY,FIX,NO]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- RECONFIGURE CACHE [FILE,ALL,YES,NO]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- CONFIGURE KL MEMORY [FILE,ALL,REVERSE,YES,NO]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP [FILE,YES,NO,FILENAME]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- WRITE CONFIGURATION FILE [YES,NO]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- EXIT [YES,RESTART]?
KLI>YES<RET>
CTRL/\ Type CTRL/backslash,
which is not echoed, to
communicate with the
PARSER.
PAR>RESET<RET> Type RESET and press
RETURN to ensure that the
processor is in a known
state.
PAR%J 400<RET> Type J 400 and press
RETURN to start the
Nonpolicy CPU.
5-36
STARTING THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
[CPUn] The Nonpolicy CPU has
started.
RZ357A KL 1026/1042 14:01:19 TTY471 system 1026/1042
Connected to Node KL1026(26) Line # 471
DSKC: KL1026 System disk DSKC
DSKB: KL1026 System Disk DSKB
Please LOGIN
. The CPU is now ready for
timesharing.
NOTE
You must enter the KLINIT dialog and answer NO to all
of the questions to restart a non-Policy CPU in an SMP
system. If you attempt to circumvent this process,
RSX-20F does not set parity stops.
5-37
6-1
CHAPTER 6
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO OPR
The Operator Command Language (OPR) allows you to communicate with the
programs that make up the GALAXY batch system. These programs are:
o QUASAR, the nucleus of the GALAXY and mountable device
allocation systems
o BATCON, the batch job controller
o LPTSPL, the line printer spooler
o CDRIVE, the card reader spooler
o SPROUT, the card punch, paper tape punch, and plotter spooler
o SPRINT, the card reader input driver
o PULSAR, the label processor for tapes and structures
o NEBULA, the router of output jobs to remote systems
In addition, you use OPR to communicate with programs requesting
operator action, such as the PLEASE program, and with users on the
system.
The program that receives the OPR commands and communicates with all
the other system programs is ORION. ORION also logs messages in the
operator's log file, OPERAT.LOG. The OPR program also provides the
command interface to the NCP, LCP, and CONFIG programs.
6.2 RUNNING OPR
To run OPR, you must have one of the following privileges. (See your
system manager to obtain these privileges if you do not already have
6-1
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
them.) The REACT program is used to set the privilege level for each
user.
o SYSTEM operator privileges, which enable you to control
devices and tasks on the host system and on any remote nodes.
o HOST operator privileges, which enable you to control devices
and tasks at your local host system only.
o REMOTE operator privileges, which enable you to control
devices and tasks only at the ANF-10 remote station node
where you are located.
The tasks in this chapter and in following chapters assume that you
have more than one terminal available to perform them. If you have
more than one terminal available to you, you may want to dedicate one
terminal to running only OPR, and use another terminal for other
tasks, for example, running BACKUP.
The following sections explain how to start and exit from OPR.
6.2.1 Starting OPR
To start OPR, type the following:
.R OPR<RET>
OPR>
If your installation has more than one terminal assigned to its
operators, you can run separate OPR jobs from different terminals.
All OPR jobs work the same way. ORION, OPR's controlling program, can
handle an unlimited number of OPR jobs.
6.2.2 Exiting from OPR
To exit from OPR, press <CTRL/Z> or type EXIT. OPR returns your job
to monitor command level. The period prompt (.) indicates that you
are at monitor command level. For example:
OPR>EXIT<RET>
.
For a complete description of all OPR commands, their arguments,
keywords, and switches, see the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language
Reference Manual.
6-2
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
6.2.3 Issuing OPR Commands to/from ANF-10 Remote Stations
The system operator at the host system has control of all jobs and
devices at all nodes in the network system. If you are a Remote
Station Operator, you can control only the devices at your remote
station. In addition, you have complete control over all active jobs
and jobs queued for devices at your node. All your commands default
to your location or node. Some OPR commands, however, include the
/NODE switch which enables you to send commands to other nodes in the
network. The /NODE switch is available with many of the OPR commands
described in later sections of this manual. The /NODE switch allows
you to specify the logical identifier of any remote station or any
node in the network system. The format of the /NODE switch is:
/NODE:node-id
where the node-id is the number or the name of the remote station.
6.2.4 Multiple Operators on the System
You can have more than one OPR job running on the same operating
system. ORION keeps track of each OPR job and sends the appropriate
acknowledgement messages to the OPR job that sent the command.
If you have networking software at your installation, messages sent to
a node from a user (with the SEND OPR monitor command) are sent to all
OPR jobs running on the node.
You can enable or disable messages displayed at each terminal running
OPR. This allows you to assign different OPR terminals to different
devices. See Section 6.4 for information on controlling OPR message
output.
6.3 OPR COMMAND FEATURES
OPR has features that enable you to:
o List available commands
o Use ESCape recognition
o Obtain help text
o Reprint faulty commands
o Continue long command lines
The following sections describe these command features in detail.
6-3
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
In addition, other CTRL/character commands, such as CTRL/R, CTRL/U,
and CTRL/W, function at OPR command level as they do at monitor
command level.
NOTE
These OPR command features are not applicable when OPR
is a subjob of OPSER.
6.3.1 Listing Available Commands
To list all available OPR commands, type a question mark (?) to the
OPR> prompt. You can type ? whenever you need help with an OPR
command. For example:
o When you type ? while entering a command, OPR lists command
keywords, arguments, or switches for the OPR command and then
redisplays your OPR command up to the point where you typed
the ?.
o When you type ? after the OPR> prompt, OPR lists the
available commands.
o When you type ? after an OPR command, OPR lists the keywords
to that command.
o When you type ? after the keyword, OPR lists the values,
arguments, and/or switches to that keyword.
o When you type ? after an entire OPR command, OPR displays
the message "Confirm with carriage return", redisplays your
entire command, and waits for you to press the RETURN key.
----- Example -----
After you have started OPR and the system displays the OPR> prompt,
type ?.
.R OPR <RET>
OPR>? one of the following:
ABORT ALIGN BACKSPACE CANCEL CLOSE
CONTINUE DEFINE DISABLE DISMOUNT ENABLE
ENTER EXIT FORWARDSPACE HELP HOLD
IDENTIFY LOCK MODIFY MOUNT NEXT
PUSH RECOGNIZE RELEASE REPORT REQUEUE
RESPOND RESTRICT ROUTE SEND SET
SHOW SHUTDOWN START STOP SUPPRESS
TAKE UNLOCK UNRESTRICT WAIT
6-4
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
or one of the following
CATALOG CONFIG LCP NCP QUOTA
OPR>
NOTES
The DEFINE command is valid only if your installation
has IBM communications software. The TOPS-10 IBM
Emulation/Termination Manual describes the DEFINE
command.
The NCP command applies only if your installation uses
DECnet software. See the TOPS-10 DECnet-10 System
Manager's and Operator's Guide for more information
about NCP.
The LCP command applies only if your installation uses
LAT software. See the Local Area Transport Network
Manager's Guide for more information about LCP.
6.3.2 Using ESCape Recognition
ESCape recognition helps you to enter commands by:
o Enabling you to type shortened versions of commands
o Providing guide words that prompt you for more information
You can press the ESCape key as soon as you have typed enough
characters to uniquely identify a command to OPR. The number of
characters necessary for OPR to accept the command varies and requires
some experimentation on your part.
NOTE
The terminal bell rings when you press the ESCape key
if you have not typed enough characters to uniquely
identify a command. If this happens, type another
character and press the ESCape key. Continue to do
this until the characters you have typed identify a
specific command.
The following example illustrates the ESCape recognition feature:
----- Example -----
6-5
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
1. Type the ABORT command.
2. Press the ESCape key to display the ABORT guide words.
OPR>ABORT<ESC>(current job on) BATCH-STREAM<ESC>(stream number)
0<RET>
10:37:21 Batch-Stream 0 -- Abort request queued --
OPR>
10:37:42 Batch-Stream 0 -- End --
Job TBUILD Req 145 for HURLEY [33,2623]
OPR>
6.3.3 Reprinting Faulty Commands
When you issue a correct command to OPR, OPR passes the command to
ORION. If the command is incorrect, OPR displays an error message.
If you receive an error message, you can retype the entire OPR
command, or press <CTRL/H> to reprint the command up to the point
where the error occurred.
To use the <CTRL/H> feature do the following:
1. Press <CTRL/H> to redisplay the command up to the point where
the error occured.
2. Enter the correct information.
----- Example -----
OPR>FORWARDSPACE PRINTER 0 /PAGES:3) <RET>
? First nonspace character is not a digit
OPR> <CTRL/H> FORWARDSPACE PRINTER 0 /PAGES:30 <RET>
OPR>
13:25:04 Printer 0 -- Forwardspaced 30 Pages --
OPR>
6.3.4 Getting Help
The OPR HELP command provides information about specific commands.
When you type HELP, followed by an OPR command name, OPR displays the
command's function and its format, keywords, arguments, and switches.
6-6
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
The following example illustrates the HELP feature:
----- Example -----
If you specify HELP RELEASE, OPR displays the function, format,
keywords, and arguments of the RELEASE command.
OPR>HELP RELEASE <RET>
The RELEASE command allows you to release a job request that was held
with the HOLD command. The format is:
RELEASE keyword
where keyword must be one of the following:
BATCH-JOBS
CARD-PUNCH-JOBS
PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH-JOBS
PLOTTER-JOBS
PRINTER-JOBS
followed by one of these arguments:
<request-id-number> (for a single job)
[user name] (for all jobs of a user)
* (for all job requests)
OPR>
6.3.5 Line Continuation
Commands to OPR are often long and cumbersome, especially if you use
ESCape recognition. The OPR program enables you to continue a command
on the next line. To continue a command line, type a hyphen (-)
before you press <RET>. This prevents OPR from processing the line
until it reaches a <RET> that is not preceded by a hyphen.
For example, the following command line uses line continuation:
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTA3: INITIALIZE /LABEL-TYPE:ANSI- <RET>
/OWNER:[31,5723]/TAPE-DISPOSITION:HOLD/VOLUME-ID:TAPE01 <RET>
OPR>
6-7
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
6.4 CONTROLLING ORION TO OPR MESSAGES
OPR displays two types of messages: messages from OPR and messages
from ORION. The following types of ORION messages are displayed on
your terminal:
o Error messages showing that ORION does not have the
appropriate devices, streams, nodes, or jobs to process a
command
o Messages from jobs that start processing in a stream or on a
device
o Messages from jobs that end processing in a stream or on a
device
o Messages specifying actions you must take for various
devices, streams, or jobs
o Results of TAKE command files
The first eight characters of the message is the time stamp. ORION
time-stamps each OPR command it accepts and executes, as well as all
error messages.
In the following example, ORION displays the time (in hours, minutes,
and seconds) that it accepted and executed the SET PRINTER command.
OPR>SET PRINTER 0 FORMS-TYPE NARROW <RET>
12:00:00 Printer 0 -- Set Accepted --
ORION displays error messages in the same format. In the following
example, ORION acknowledges the SHOW MESSAGES command by displaying
the information message shown below:
OPR>SHOW MESSAGES <RET>
12:00:00 -- No Outstanding Messages --
When a particular job starts to process in a batch stream or on a
device, ORION displays a message to notify you that the stream or
device is active. For example, ORION displays the following message
when a job named TEST begins to process in batch stream 0 for user
ZINA:
hh:mm:ss Batch-stream 0 -- Begin --
Job TEST Req #274 for ZINA [27,1234]
OPR>
Likewise, when a particular job ends processing, ORION displays a
6-8
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
message to notify you that the stream or device is not active and the
job has completed. For example, ORION displays the following message
when the job named TEST ends the process in batch stream 0 for user
ZINA.
hh:mm:ss Batch-stream 0 -- End --
Job TEST Req #274 for ZINA [27,1234]
OPR>
You may want to control the types of messages displayed at your
terminal. For example, if you have multiple terminals running OPR,
you can set the OUTPUT-DISPLAY to suit the needs of each OPR job. To
control OPR message output, enter the ENABLE or DISABLE command
followed by the keyword, OUTPUT-DISPLAY, and one or more of the
following arguments:
ALL-MESSAGES displays all operator, system, user, and error
messages on your OPR terminal. ALL-MESSAGES
is the default.
BATCH-MESSAGES displays messages generated during batch job
processing.
CARD-PUNCH-MESSAGES
displays messages generated by card-punch
jobs.
CARD-READER-INTERPRETER-MESSAGES
displays messages generated by card reader
jobs or batch jobs submitted with the /READER
switch.
CATALOG-MESSAGES displays messages generated by changes to the
system catalog.
CONFIG-MESSAGES displays messages generated by changes to the
system configuration.
EVENT-MESSAGES displays messages generated by special events
such as billing file closure, ORION log file
closure, scheduled system shutdown, or Usage
accounting file closure. See the SHOW QUEUES
EVENTS command for more information on these
event types.
FAL-MESSAGES displays messages generated during network
file access requests.
LCP-MESSAGES displays messages generated by the LAT Control
6-9
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
Program.
MOUNT-MESSAGES displays messages generated when users request
tape and structure mounts and dismounts.
NCP-MESSAGES displays messages generated by the DECnet
Network Control Program.
NQC-MESSAGES displays messages generated by the Network
Queue Controller.
PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH-MESSAGES
displays messages generated by
paper-tape-punch jobs.
PLOTTER-MESSAGES displays messages generated by plotter jobs.
PRINTER-MESSAGES displays messages generated by line printer
jobs.
QUOTA-MESSAGES displays messages generated by changes to the
system catalogs.
READER-MESSAGES displays messages generated by card reader
jobs.
USER-MESSAGES displays messages generated when users make
requests to you through the PLEASE program.
The ENABLE and DISABLE commands also have the following switches. If
you do not specify one of these switches with one of the above
arguments, the system assumes all three types of messages.
/INFORMATION-MESSAGES
/JOB-MESSAGES
/OPR-ACTION-MESSAGES
For more information about these commands and switches see the TOPS-10
Operator's Command Language Reference Manual.
6.5 OPR ERROR MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONS
OPR error messages are also displayed on your terminal. All OPR error
messages begin with "?" and are followed by the message explaining the
error. Note that "?" does not represent a fatal error in OPR, as it
does in some other system programs.
When you receive an error message, you can type <CTRL/H> to retype
your OPR command up to the point where you entered the incorrect
6-10
THE OPERATOR INTERFACE, OPR
keyword, switch, or value and specify the correct input to the
command. See the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference Manual
for a complete list of OPR error messages, their causes, and how to
recover from them.
6-11
7-1
CHAPTER 7
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
This chapter explains the relationships among the GALAXY programs and
the devices they operate. It explains how to use the GALAXY system to
control the following:
o Scheduled system events
o Batch streams
o NQC streams
o FAL streams
o Batch jobs
o Card punch jobs
o Card reader jobs
o Line printer jobs
o Paper-tape-punch jobs
o Plotter jobs
Figure 7-1 and Table 7-1 on the following pages explain the components
of the GALAXY system.
7-1
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
_________ _____
| |___| OPR |
| ORION | |_____|
| | _____
| |___| OPR |
|_________| |_____|
|
________ ____|____ ________ ______
| | | |___________| |___| LPTx |
| QUEUE |_____| QUASAR |________ | LPTSPL | |______|
| | | |______ | | | ______
| | | |____ | | | |___| LPTy |
| | | |__ | | | |________| |______|
|________| |_________| | | | |
| | | | |
________ ____|____ | | | | ________
| DISKS |_____| | | | | | | |
|________| | PULSAR | | | | |__| SPRINT |
| TAPES | | | | | | | |
|________| | | | | | | |
|_________| | | | |________|
| | | |
____|____ | | | ________ ______
| | | | | | |___| CDRx |
| MONITOR | | | |____| CDRIVE | |______|
| | | | | | ______
| | | | | |___| CDRy |
|_________| | | |________| |______|
| |
| | ________ ______
| | | |___| PTYO |
| |______| BATCON | |______|
| | | ______
| | |___| PTYn |
| |________| |______|
|
| ________ ______
| | |___| PTP |
|________| SPROUT | |______|
| | ______
| |___| PLT |
|________| |______|
| ______
|_______| CDP |
|______|
Figure 7-1: The GALAXY System
7-2
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
Table 7-1: GALAXY Components
______________________________________________________________________
Program Function
______________________________________________________________________
BATCON the batch controller, is the program that initiates and
controls the processing of batch jobs. QUASAR selects
jobs from the batch input queue and gives them to BATCON
for processing. The OPR commands that have BATCH-STREAM
as an argument are those that allow you to control batch
job processing.
CDRIVE are responsible for the card reader input. CDRIVE reads
SPRINT cards from the card reader(s), places the data on the
cards on disk, and queues a request for SPRINT. SPRINT
reads the data, interprets the $JOB card and other
control cards, and then creates and submits the user's
batch job to BATCON. The OPR commands that have READER
as an argument or keyword are those that allow you to
control card reader processing.
LPTSPL the line printer spooler, is a program that can drive up
to 8 local and remote printers per spooler per node.
LPTSPL processes print requests that include those
submitted with the PRINT command, spooled requests
generated by user programs, and batch log files. QUASAR
selects jobs to be printed according to a variety of
parameters. The OPR commands that have PRINTER as an
argument are those that allow you to control line
printer processing.
NEBULA sends output jobs to remote systems using the
Distributed Queue Service (DQS) protocol.
OPR allows you to communicate with the various system
components and with the users requesting jobs on the
devices controlled by these components. This chapter
describes the OPR commands that accomplish these tasks.
For more information about OPR see the TOPS-10
Operator's Command Language Reference Manual.
ORION is the interface between OPR and all other components.
ORION logs each OPR command it receives, and passes the
command to the appropriate program.
PULSAR the tape label and disk structure processor, is the
program that handles the reading and writing of tape
labels.
7-3
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
The mountable device allocation (MDA) system is composed
of QUASAR and PULSAR. The MDA system is a set of
functions within these two programs that control
mountable devices (tapes and disks). To place a device
under control of MDA , set it to be AVAILABLE.
QUASAR the queue manager, is the heart of the spooling system.
It is responsible for scheduling all jobs entered into
the spooler and mount queues.
QUEUE is a program which enables you to interact with the
GALAXY batch and spooling subsystem. QUEUE supports the
full set of commands used for entering batch jobs,
printing, punching or plotting files, allocating and
mounting devices and showing the status of system
queues.
SPROUT handles all the output requests other than line printer
requests. SPROUT is the:
o card punch
o paper-tape punch
o plotter spooler
QUASAR selects data to be output on these devices
according to a variety of parameters. The OPR commands
that have CARD-PUNCH, PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH, and PLOTTER as
arguments are those that enable you to control the
output processing on these devices.
______________________________________________________________________
7.1 CONTROLLING SYSTEM EVENTS
OPR allows you to control certain system activities known as "events".
These events are:
o Billing file closure (BILCLS)
o Scheduled system shutdown (KSYS)
o ORION log file closure (OPRFIL)
o Command file execution (TAKFIL)
o USAGE file closure (USGFIL)
To display the items in the EVENT queue, type the SHOW QUEUES EVENTS
command.
7-4
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>SHOW QUEUES EVENTS<RET>
OPR>
15:30:39 -- System Queues Listing --
Event Queue:
Type Req# Expiration Description
-------- ------ ------------------ --------------------------------
BILCLS 227 1-Oct-87 16:59:59 Prime time rates end
USGFIL 334 1-Oct-87 23:59:30 Usage file closure
OPRFIL 335 2-Oct-87 0:00:00 ORION log file closure
BILCLS 543 2-Oct-87 7:59:59 Discount rates end
* KSYS 41 7-Oct-87 0:00:59 Debug new monitor
There are 5 events in the queue (1 in progress)
OPR>
The commands that control system events allow you to include a time
and date argument. These commands are:
o CLOSE To close the log file.
o SET KSYS To set a system shutdown.
o SET USAGE To close the accounting file.
o TAKE To execute commands in a file.
o CANCEL To cancel a pre-set event.
OPR uses the following conventions for the time and date arguments:
hh:mm:ss stands for hours, minutes and seconds. dd-mmm-yy stands for
day, month, year. DAY is a day of the week.
NOW causes the event to occur immediately.
+hh:mm:ss schedules the event to occur in the number of
hours from the current time as specified by
hh:mm:ss. (Specifies a relative time for the
event to occur.)
hh:mm:ss schedules the event to occur at the time
specified by hh:mm:ss. (Specifies an absolute
time for the event to occur.)
dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss schedules the event to occur on the date and
time specified by dd-mmm-yy:hh:mm:ss.
DAILY hh:mm:ss schedules the event to occur every day at the
time specified by hh:mm:ss.
EVERY "DAY" hh:mm:ss schedules the event to occur every week on the
day and time you specify. DAY specifies a
particular day of the week.
7-5
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.1.1 Closing the ORION Log File
To close the current ORION log file, rename it, and create a new log
file, use the CLOSE command. You can close the ORION log file
immediately or specify a date and time.
----- Example -----
Use the CLOSE command to close the ORION log file and open a new log
file automatically.
OPR>CLOSE LOG NOW<RET>
OPR>
15:10:33 --Event OPRFIL queued, request #426--
OPR>
15:10:34 --Log file DSKA:OPERAT.LOG[3,3] renamed to DSKA:OPERAT.001[3,3]--
OPR>
7.1.2 Scheduling System Shutdown
To set a time for timesharing to end use the SET KSYS command. You
may need to stop timesharing so that maintenance or stand-alone tasks
can be performed.
----- Example -----
Set the KSYS time to midnight for 21-Nov-88.
OPR>SET KSYS 21-NOV-88:00:00:00<RET>
OPR>
16:24:21 -- Event job KSYS queued, request 53 --
OPR>
Display the event queue to check the pending KSYS time.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES EVENTS<RET>
OPR>
16:25:37 -- System Queues Listing --
Event Queue:
Type Req# Expiration Description
-------- ------ ------------------ -----------------------
BILCLS 24 19-Nov-88 16:59:59 Prime time rates end
USGFIL 44 19-Nov-88 23:59:30 Usage file closure
OPRFIL 38 20-Nov-88 0:00:00 ORION log file closure
BILCLS 15 20-Nov-88 7:59:59 Discount rates end
7-6
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
* KSYS 53 21-Nov-88 0:00:00
There are 4 events in the queue (1 in progress)
7.1.3 Controlling Usage Accounting
To control the usage accounting system during system operation, use
the SET USAGE command. SET USAGE BILLING-CLOSURE specifies that all
session entries be closed at a given time and SET USAGE FILE-CLOSURE
specifies that the current usage file be closed and renamed, and that
a new usage file be opened.
----- Example -----
Close the billing sessions for the change between first and second
shift.
OPR>SET USAGE BILLING-CLOSURE 16:30<RET>
13:21:27 --Will close billing sessions at 15-Jul-88 16:29:59--
OPR>
At 16:30 (4:30 PM), or shortly thereafter, the following message
appears on the OPR terminal.
OPR>
16:34:22 -- Message from the Accounting System --
Session entries written for all jobs
OPR>
7.1.4 Executing Command Files
To automatically execute the commands in a command file, use the TAKE
command. Typically a command file contains commands that perform a
series of related tasks.
----- Example -----
Specify a time for the TEST.CMD file to be executed.
OPR>TAKE DSK:TEST.CMD 20-NOV-88:12:00:00<RET>
OPR>
16:40:56 -- Event job TAKFIL queued, request 162 --
7-7
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>
Display the event queue to check that the TAKE command was properly
queued.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES EVENTS<RET>
OPR>
16:41:08 -- System Queues Listing --
Event Queue:
Type Req# Expiration Description
------ --- ------------------ ------------------------
BILCLS 24 19-Nov-88 16:59:59 Prime time rates end
USGFIL 44 19-Nov-88 23:59:30 Usage file closure
OPRFIL 38 20-Nov-88 0:00:00 ORION log file closure
BILCLS 15 20-Nov-88 7:59:59 Discount rates end
TAKFIL 162 20-Nov-88 12:00:00 Time-of-day OPR command file
* KSYS 103 21-Nov-88 0:00:00 Timesharing will end
There are 6 events in the queue (1 in progress)
OPR>
7.2 BATCH RESPONSIBILITIES
The batch system increases the efficiency of the system by processing
jobs that do not require human interaction. Your batch
responsibilities are to:
o Start batch streams
o Set parameters for batch streams and parameters
o Adjust the parameters, if necessary
o Service action requests from user jobs
o Maintain peripheral devices
o Examine the queues periodically and modify the requests if
necessary.
If users are submitting batch jobs on card decks, your system manager
should tell you:
o Where the decks must be placed for submission
o When the decks are read
7-8
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o Where and when the decks and output are returned to users
7.3 CONTROLLING BATCH STREAMS
You must start the batch streams before the batch system can process
batch requests. In addition, you must check to see that
QUEUE-REQUESTS are enabled. Issue the PRINT or SUBMIT commands to
verify that QUEUE-REQUESTS are enabled. If QUEUE-REQUESTS are
disabled, the system responds with a message stating that they are
disabled. The following example illustrates the ENABLE QUEUE-REQUESTS
command.
OPR>ENABLE QUEUE-REQUESTS<RET>
OPR>
7.3.1 Setting Parameters
Normally, the SYSTEM.CMD file starts a defined number of batch streams
automatically at system start-up. However, you might start an
additional batch stream when there are many batch jobs waiting in the
queue. Batch stream parameters limit the use of a stream to requests
that meet a particular set of criteria. The default batch stream
parameters are:
o ATTRIBUTE BATCON
o MEMORY-LIMITS 0:512
o OPR-INTERVENTION
o PRIORITY-LIMITS 1:63
o TIME-LIMITS 0:600
The ATTRIBUTE parameter enables you to specify whether the batch
stream uses BATCON or SITGO to process jobs. Use SITGO when you need
a batch processor that contains a fast, batch-oriented FORTRAN
compiler.
The MEMORY-LIMITS parameter specifies the memory requirements of batch
jobs in the batch stream. MEMORY-LIMITS is expressed in terms of the
number of memory pages a batch job needs in order to process. Only
batch jobs with memory requirements within the specified range can run
in the stream.
The OPR-INTERVENTION parameter enables users to pass messages to you
7-9
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
through the batch job. For example, a user might send a message
requesting you to mount a tape. To disable the OPR-INTERVENTION
parameter set the parameter to NOOPR-INTERVENTION. With
NOOPR-INTERVENTION in effect, the system automatically logs out batch
jobs that request operator intervention.
The PRIORITY-LIMITS parameter enables you to specify the priorities
for a batch stream or a range of batch streams. The default limits
are from 1 to 63. The greater the number, the higher the priority.
If you set a batch stream to have a priority limit of 31:41, the
system only processes batch requests submitted with a priority between
31 and 41 (inclusive) in that stream.
The TIME-LIMITS parameter enables you to specify a range of time
limits for batch jobs running in a specified stream. The default
minimum:maximum range is 0:600 minutes. If you set a batch stream to
have time limits from 0 to 5 minutes, the system only processes
requests submitted with a time limit of 5 minutes or less in that
batch stream.
----- Example -----
Set a batch stream for NOOPR-INTERVENTION with a priority limit of 50
and with a time range of 60 to 90 minutes.
OPR>SET BATCH-STREAM 4 NOOPR-INTERVENTION <RET>
OPR>
9:20:55 Batch-stream 4 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>SET BATCH-STREAM 4 PRIORITY-LIMITS 50 <RET>
OPR>
9:21:15 Batch-stream 4 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>SET BATCH-STREAM 4 TIME-LIMITS 60:90 <RET>
OPR>
9:21:40 Batch-stream -- Set Accepted --
OPR>
7.3.2 Starting Batch Streams
After you set the parameters for a particular batch stream or a range
of batch streams, you can start the stream(s). If you do not set any
parameters for the stream, the stream takes the default values. You
can start one or more batch streams at a time.
7-10
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
----- Example -----
Issue the START BATCH-STREAM command to start up streams 6 and 7.
OPR>START BATCH-STREAM 6:7 <RET>
OPR>
10:00:15 Batch-stream 6 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
10:00:20 Batch-stream 7 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
7.3.3 Stopping Batch Streams Temporarily
To stop a batch stream or a range of batch streams temporarily, use
the STOP command. The STOP BATCH-STREAM command temporarily stops a
batch stream from processing a job. You must use the CONTINUE command
to resume the batch stream.
The STOP command has the following optional arguments:
o AFTER CURRENT-REQUEST
o AFTER EVERY-REQUEST
o IMMEDIATELY
The default is to stop processing immediately.
----- Example -----
Stop the processing of a job in batch stream 4 temporarily.
OPR>STOP BATCH-STREAM 4 <RET>
OPR>
11:23:09 Batch-stream 4 -- Stopped --
OPR>
7.3.4 Continuing Batch Streams
Use the CONTINUE command to continue processing a stopped job in a
batch stream or jobs in a range of batch streams.
7-11
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
----- Example -----
Continue processing the job in batch stream 4.
OPR>CONTINUE BATCH-STREAM 4 <RET>
OPR>
11:41:18 Batch-stream 4 -- Continued --
OPR>
7.3.5 Shutting Down Batch Streams
To permanently stop a batch stream or a range of batch streams, use
the SHUTDOWN command. If a job is currently processing in the batch
stream, the shutdown occurs when the job is completed, and no new
batch requests are accepted.
To start a batch stream after it has been shut down use the START
command.
----- Example -----
Shut down batch stream 5 while a job is still processing in it.
OPR>SHUTDOWN BATCH-STREAM 5 <RET>
OPR>
13:34:45 Batch-stream 5 -- Shutdown Scheduled --
OPR>
When the job in the batch stream has completed processing, the
following message appears:
OPR>
13:38:25 Batch-stream 5 -- Shutdown --
OPR>
7.3.6 Sending Messages
To send a message to a job in a batch stream, use the SEND
BATCH-STREAM command. You can specify single-line messages or
multi-line messages. To send multi-line messages do the following:
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
1. Type SEND BATCH-STREAM.
2. Enter the stream number to which you want the message sent.
3. Press RETURN.
4. Type your message.
5. Press <CTRL/Z> to terminate the SEND command.
----- Example -----
A batch job in batch stream 2 requests a tape mount. After you have
mounted and readied the tape, you SEND a message to the batch stream
to identify the tape volume id to the batch user. You can specify
only one batch stream in the SEND command.
OPR>SEND BATCH-STREAM 2 <RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
THE TAPE VOLUME ID IS 120124.^Z
OPR>
----- Restriction -----
If you send a message to a stream that is not processing a job, you
receive the following error message:
hh:mm:ss Batch-stream n -- Not Active --
7.3.7 Displaying Batch Stream Parameters
To display current batch stream parameters for one or more batch
streams use the SHOW PARAMETERS BATCH-STREAM command. If you do not
specify a stream number or a range of stream numbers, the command
displays all the batch streams.
The SHOW PARAMETERS BATCH-STREAM command displays the following
information for each batch stream:
o The number of the batch stream
o The range of processing minutes set for the batch stream
o The priority range set for the batch stream
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o The memory range set for the batch stream
o Whether or not operator intervention has been set for the
batch stream
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW PARAMETERS BATCH-STREAM command to display the parameters
of all current batch streams in the system.
OPR>SHOW PARAMETERS BATCH-STREAM <RET>
OPR>
12:09:33 -- System Device Parameters --
Batch-stream Parameters:
Strm Minutes Prio Core Opr-Intvn
---- ----------- ----- ------- -----------
0 0:10 1:19 1:512 Yes
1 11:30 1:19 1:512 Yes
2 31:480 1:19 1:512 Yes
3 0:11000 20:63 1:512 Yes
OPR>
7.3.8 Displaying Batch Stream Status
To display the status of one or more batch streams use the SHOW STATUS
BATCH-STREAM command. If you do not specify a batch stream number or
a range of numbers, the command defaults to all batch streams in the
system.
The SHOW STATUS BATCH-STREAM command displays the following
information for each batch stream:
o The number of the batch stream
o The current status of the batch stream (idle or active)
o The name of the job currently active in the batch stream, if
a job is running
o The request-id of the job
o The name and PPN of the user who made the job request
o The label last referenced
o The name of program being run
7-14
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o The runtime, if any
If you only want to see information about idle streams, specify the
/SHORT switch before you press RETURN.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW STATUS BATCH-STREAM command to display the current status
of all batch streams in the system.
OPR>SHOW STATUS BATCH-STREAM <RET>
OPR>
19:19:57 -- System Device Status --
Batch-stream Status:
Strm Status Jobname Req# User
---- --------------- ------- ---- ------------------------
0 Idle
1 Active FDLBLD 59 BROWN.E [27,5107]
Job 18 Running MACRO Last Label: MACRO Runtime 0:00:42
2 Idle
3 Active PHYCAL 41 MANUFACTURING [10,1221]
Job 31 Running COBOL Runtime 2:31:27
OPR>
7.4 CONTROLLING FAL STREAMS
FAL, the File Access Listener, provides remote access to the TOPS-10
file system and is an integral part of network communications. FAL
makes network file transfers possible in the following ways:
o It acts as a target for NFT (Network File Transfer) programs
on other DECnet and ANF-10 hosts.
o It determines a user's access privileges to a requested file.
A single FAL job can run multiple FAL streams. Each FAL stream
controls a network connection.
OPR has commands that allow you to:
o Define FAL accessibility.
o Specify the network type with which each FAL stream will
communicate.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o Start FAL stream scheduling.
o Terminate FAL stream scheduling.
o Stop FAL streams temporarily or terminate active FAL streams.
o Continue FAL streams.
o Display the status and network types associated with
specified FAL streams.
For more information about OPR commands that control FAL streams,
refer to the Operator's Command Language Reference Manual.
7.4.1 Defining FAL Accessibility
To specify FAL accessibility, use the DEFINE command.
----- Example -----
Use the DEFINE command to specify nodes that may not establish FAL
connections.
OPR>DEFINE FILE-ACCESS REJECTION-LIST SCUD<RET>
OPR>
13:48:53 -- Rejection list defined for all FAL-Streams --
OPR>
7.4.2 Setting Parameters
To specify the network type (DECnet or ANF-10) associated with a
specified FAL stream, use the SET FAL-STREAM command. ANF-10 is the
default network type.
----- Example -----
Use the SET command to define ANF-10 as the network with which FAL
stream 3 will communicate.
OPR>SET FAL-STREAM 3 NETWORK ANF-10<RET>
OPR>
15:16:38 Fal-Stream 3 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.4.3 Starting FAL Streams
To start the scheduling for a FAL stream or range of FAL streams use
the START FAL-STREAM command. Use the START FAL-STREAM command to
restart FAL streams that you stopped with the SHUTDOWN command.
----- Example -----
Use the START FAL-STREAM command to start FAL streams 6 and 7.
OPR>START FAL-STREAM 6:7<RET>
OPR>
13:53:32 FAL-Stream 6 -- Startup Scheduled --
13:53:33 FAL-Stream 7 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
13:53:34 FAL-Stream 6 -- Started --
OPR>
13:53:37 FAL-Stream 7 -- Started --
OPR>
7.4.4 Stopping FAL Streams Temporarily
To temporarily stop a specified FAL stream or range of FAL streams,
use the STOP FAL-STREAM command. To terminate an active FAL stream,
use the ABORT FAL-STREAM command.
----- Examples -----
Use the ABORT FAL-STREAM command to abort FAL stream 0.
OPR>ABORT FAL-STREAM 0<RET>
OPR>
10:48:42 FAL-Stream 0 -- Abort --
Aborting due to operator command
10:48:42 FAL-Stream 0 -- End --
Servicing DECnet node BERTS for user sendlosky
OPR>
Use the STOP FAL-STREAM command to immediately stop FAL stream 6.
OPR>STOP FAL-STREAM 6<RET>
OPR>
15:00:09 FAL-Stream 6 -- Stopped --
OPR>
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.4.5 Continuing FAL Streams
To continue a specified FAL stream or range of FAL streams that you
stopped using the STOP FAL-STREAM command, use the CONTINUE FAL-STREAM
command.
----- Example -----
Use the CONTINUE FAL-STREAM command to continue FAL stream 6.
OPR>CONTINUE FAL-STREAM 6<RET>
OPR>
15:02:33 FAL-Stream 6 -- Continued --
OPR>
7.4.6 Shutting Down FAL Streams
To terminate scheduling for a specified FAL stream or range of FAL
streams, use the SHUTDOWN FAL-STREAM command. The SHUTDOWN FAL-STREAM
command allows the current FAL stream to complete processing, then
terminates the stream and no further FAL streams are processed.
----- Example -----
Use the SHUTDOWN FAL-STREAM command to terminate FAL streams 6 and 7.
OPR>SHUTDOWN FAL-STREAM 6:7<RET>
OPR>
14:03:57 FAL-Stream 6 -- Shutdown --
14:03:57 FAL-Stream 7 -- Shutdown --
OPR>
7.4.7 Displaying FAL Stream Parameters
To display the network type associated with a specified FAL stream,
use the SHOW PARAMETERS FAL-STREAM command.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW PARAMETERS FAL-STREAM command to display the current
parameters of all FAL streams.
OPR>SHOW PARAMETERS FAL-STREAM<RET>
OPR>
15:09:18 -- System Device Parameters --
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
FAL STREAM PARAMETERS:
Strm Network
---- -------
0 DECnet
1 DECnet
2 DECnet
3 ANF-10
4 ANF-10
5 ANF-10
6 ANF-10
OPR>
7.4.8 Displaying FAL Stream Status
To display the status of a specified FAL stream or range of FAL
streams, use the SHOW STATUS FAL-STREAM command.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW STATUS FAL-STREAM command to display the current status
of all FAL streams.
OPR>SHOW STATUS FAL-STREAM<RET>
OPR>
16:22:50 -- System Device Status --
FAL-Stream Status:
Strm Status Node Connect Time Bytes
---- --------------- ------ ------------ -------
0 Idle
1 Idle
2 Idle
3 Active KL1026 00:00:31 54943
Writing DSKB:OPRPAR.MAC[10,6030,GALAXY,ORION] for user send
4 Idle
5 Idle
OPR>
7.5 CONTROLLING NQC STREAMS
The Network Queue Controller (NQC), using the Distributed Queue
Service (DQS) protocol, allows more than one output request to be sent
to an output queue of a remote node at one time.
NQC-Streams control spooling requests for the NEBULA remote queuing
software. Current versions of NEBULA run as internal ORION
applications that are available with the standard monitor distribution
7-19
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
and GALAXY CUSP. To implement remote queuing, your system must be
running DECnet-10 Version 3 and the remote queuing node must be a
VAX/VMS system running DQS Version 1.0 software.
7.5.1 Setting Parameters
To specify a node or the INPUT-STREAM or OUTPUT-STREAM attribute
associated with a specified NQC stream or range of NQC streams, use
the SET NQC-STREAM command.
----- Example -----
Use the SET NQC-STREAM command to specify the OUTPUT-STREAM attribute
to NQC stream 0.
OPR>SET NQC-STREAM 0 ATTRIBUTE OUTPUT-STREAM<RET>
OPR>
14:09:36 NQC-Stream 0 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>
7.5.2 Starting NQC Streams
To start the scheduling for a NQC stream or range of NQC streams use
the START NQC-STREAM command. Use the START NQC-STREAM command to
restart NQC streams that you stopped with the SHUTDOWN command.
----- Example -----
Use the START NQC-STREAM command to start the scheduling for NQC
stream 0.
OPR>START NQC-STREAM 0<RET>
OPR>
14:20:13 NQC-Stream 0 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
7.5.3 Stopping NQC Streams Temporarily
To temporarily stop a specified NQC stream or range of NQC streams,
use the STOP NQC-STREAM command. To terminate an active NQC stream,
use the ABORT NQC-STREAM command.
----- Examples -----
7-20
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
Use the ABORT NQC-STREAM command to abort NQC stream 2.
OPR>ABORT NQC-STREAM 2<RET>
OPR>
12:08:17 NQC-Stream 2 -- Abort --
Aborting due to operator command
12:08:17 NQC-Stream 2 -- End --
Servicing DECnet node CLOYD for user morrill
OPR>
Use the STOP NQC-STREAM command to immediately stop NQC stream 4.
OPR>STOP NQC-STREAM 4<RET>
OPR>
10:11:15 NQC-Stream 4 -- Stopped --
OPR>
7.5.4 Continuing NQC Streams
To continue a specified NQC stream or range of NQC streams that you
stopped using the STOP NQC-STREAM command, use the CONTINUE NQC-STREAM
command.
----- Example -----
Use the CONTINUE NQC-STREAM command to continue NQC stream 1.
OPR>CONTINUE NQC-STREAM 1<RET>
OPR>
12:07:13 NQC-STREAM 1 -- Continued --
OPR>
7.5.5 Shutting Down NQC Streams
To terminate scheduling for a specified NQC stream or range of NQC
streams, use the SHUTDOWN NQC-STREAM command.
----- Example -----
Use the SHUTDOWN NQC-STREAM command to terminate NQC stream 0.
OPR>SHUTDOWN NQC-STREAM 0<RET>
OPR>
14:18:03 NQC-Stream 0 -- Shutdown --
OPR>
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.5.6 Displaying NQC Stream Parameters
To display the INPUT-STREAM or OUTPUT-STREAM attribute associated with
a specified NQC stream or range of streams, use the SHOW
PARAMETERS NQC-STREAM command.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW PARAMETERS NQC-STREAM command to display the current
parameters of all NQC streams.
OPR>SHOW PARAMETERS NQC-STREAM<RET>
OPR>
11:29:43 -- System Device Parameters --
NQC-Stream Parameters:
Strm Attribute
---- ---------
0 Output
OPR>
7.5.7 Displaying NQC Stream Status
To display the status of a specified NQC stream or range of NQC
streams, use the SHOW STATUS NQC-STREAM command.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW STATUS NQC-STREAM command to display the current status
of all NQC streams.
OPR>SHOW STATUS NQC-STREAM<RET>
OPR>
15:32:48 -- System Device Status --
NQC-Stream Status:
Strm Status
---- --------------
0 Idle
OPR>
7.6 CONTROLLING BATCH JOBS
Users enter batch jobs into the batch queue with the monitor command,
SUBMIT. This section explains how to control these jobs.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.6.1 Examining the Batch Queue
Batch queues hold user-submitted batch jobs until the batch system
selects one for execution. To examine batch job queues use the SHOW
QUEUES BATCH-JOBS command.
The SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS command displays the following information
for each job that is waiting or running:
o The name of the batch job
o The request-id number of the batch job
o The scheduled runtime of the batch job
o The name of the user who submitted the batch job
o Any special requirements the user included in the SUBMIT
command line.
The system displays this information whether the batch job is active
(currently running) or not active (not running).
An asterisk (*) to the left of the job name indicates an active job.
The system displays the following information for active jobs:
o The stream in which the job is running
o The job number
o The last control file label encountered by the job
o The runtime used
The SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS has optional switches, including /ALL and
/SHORT. The /ALL switch displays all batch jobs in the queue with
their appropriate column headers, and any switches that the user
specified when the batch job was submitted. If the user did not
specify switches, the /ALL switch displays the default settings of the
SUBMIT switches for the batch job. In addition, the /ALL switch
displays any switches you specified, such as /HOLD. The /SHORT switch
displays only the job name, the request number, the scheduled runtime,
and the user name. The /SHORT switch does not display column headers
or switches.
----- Examples -----
1. Use the SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS command with the /ALL switch
to display the batch jobs in the queue with all their
switches.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS /ALL <RET>
OPR>
13:40:22 -- System Queues Listing --
Batch Queue:
Job Name Req Run Time Core User
-------- ------ -------- ---- -------------------------
* OPSER 330 01:00:00 512 Mike Boucher [30,5664]
In Stream:2 /Uniq:Yes /Restart:No /Assist:Yes
/Output:Log /Batlog:Append /Seq:460
Job 52 Runtime 0:00:00
SAVE 24 00:01:00 200 DPM [10,56]
/After:28-May-82 8:00 /Uniq:No /Restart:No
/Assist:Yes /Output:Error /Batlog:Append
/Seq:3047
SML20 18 00:05:00 200 Hayes, R [10,3354]
/Proc:K26E /Uniq:No /Restart:No /Assist:Yes
/Output:Nolog /Batlog:Append /Seq:102
ACCT 14 00:05:00 200 Mary Marotta [27,5443]
/After:27-May-82 0:00 /Uniq:No /Restart:No
/Assist:Yes /Output:Nolog /Batlog:Super
/Seq:784
There are 4 jobs in the queue (1 in progress)
OPR>
2. Use the SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS command with the /SHORT
switch.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS /SHORT <RET>
OPR>
13:40:45 -- System Queues Listing --
Batch Queue:
* OPSER 330 01:00:00 200 MEIER,B [10,3146]
TWAIT 295 00:01:00 512 [RDH] [226,4563]
SUB15 302 00:05:00 200 ANTHONY [10,5757]
OPR>
7.6.2 Holding Batch Jobs
To prevent a batch job from processing, use the HOLD BATCH-JOBS
command. The HOLD BATCH-JOBS command keeps the current job(s) in the
queue from processing until you use the RELEASE command to free the
job(s). Any batch jobs submitted after the HOLD command are not held
and are processed when a batch stream is available. You must specify
one of the following arguments with this command:
7-24
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o The request-id number, to hold a single batch job.
o The PPN for a particular user, to hold all batch jobs
submitted by that user.
o An asterisk (*), to hold all batch jobs submitted by all
users.
NOTE
You cannot HOLD a batch job that is currently active
in a batch stream. Use the ABORT or STOP command to
stop the batch stream that is running the job.
----- Example -----
Use the HOLD BATCH-JOBS command to hold all batch requests for user
SMITH, whose PPN is [10,147].
OPR>HOLD BATCH-JOBS [10,147] <RET>
OPR>
9:01:54 -- 6 Jobs Held --
OPR>
7.6.3 Releasing Batch Jobs
The RELEASE command releases a batch request that has been previously
held with the HOLD command, and reschedules the job processing. To
specify the request you want to RELEASE, supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to release one request
o A user name to release all requests for that user
o An asterisk (*) to release all requests
----- Restriction -----
You must have one or more batch streams started or in the idle state
to get a batch job processed.
----- Example -----
Use the RELEASE command to reschedule all batch requests that were
previously held.
7-25
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>RELEASE BATCH-JOBS * <RET>
OPR>
10:38:09 -- 6 Jobs Released --
OPR>
7.6.4 Aborting Running Batch Jobs
To cancel a batch job while it is active, use the ABORT command with
the batch stream number and one or more of the following switches:
o /ERROR-PROCESSING or /NOERROR-PROCESSING,
o /PURGE
o /REASON
The /ERROR-PROCESSING and /NOERROR-PROCESSING switches specify whether
to complete any error recovery procedures that may have been included
in the batch job. By default, if you ABORT a batch job, BATCON does
error processing. The /NOERROR-PROCESSING switch prevents BATCON from
completing error recovery procedures.
The /PURGE switch cancels all output from the batch job, preventing
the log file from being printed.
The /REASON switch allows you to enter one or more lines of text to
explain why you are aborting the batch job.
----- Example -----
Use the ABORT command to cancel a batch job that requested a structure
that does not exist.
OPR>ABORT BATCH-STREAM 0 /REASON:NO SUCH STRUCTURE<RET>
OPR>
11:32:08 Batch-stream 0 --Aborted--
Job TEST01 Req #35 for PACELLI [27,4615]
OPR>
11:32:12 Batch-stream 0 --End--
Job TEST01 Req #35 for PACELLI [27,4615]
OPR>
7-26
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.6.5 Requeuing Batch Jobs
The REQUEUE command stops a job that is processing and puts the job
back into the batch queue, to be restarted later. A requeued job is
in a HOLD state until it can start running again. To start processing
the job again, use the RELEASE command.
For example, you might want to REQUEUE a batch job that requires
additional structures for its processing, because you do not have any
available disk drives. Thus, you REQUEUE the job to be processed when
the disk drives become available.
You can specify the /REASON switch to explain why you are requeuing
the job.
----- Example -----
Use the REQUEUE command to hold a batch job that, when started,
requested a structure that could not be mounted.
OPR>REQUEUE BATCH-STREAM 2 /REASON: <RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
JOB WILL BE RELEASED LATER WHEN DISK DRIVE BECOMES AVAILABLE ^Z
OPR>
13:21:03 Batch-stream 2 -- REQUEUE command queued --
OPR>
13:21:05 Batch-stream 2 -- End --
Job TAPE01 Req #27 for LATTA [2,134]
OPR>
7.6.6 Modifying Batch Requests
To change the priority of a batch request in the queue use the MODIFY
BATCH-REQUEST command and specify one of the following:
o A single batch request-id number to modify a single request
o A user name to modify all requests by a user
o An asterisk (*) to modify all batch requests in the queue
You must include the PRIORITY keyword, followed by a priority from 1
to 63. You must specify a new PRIORITY number from 1 to 63. The
higher the number, the greater the priority.
----- Example -----
7-27
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
Use the MODIFY command to change the priority of batch request 135 to
63.
OPR>MODIFY BATCH-REQUEST 135 PRIORITY 63 <RET>
OPR>
8:51:21 -- 1 Request Modified --
OPR>
8:52:03 -- Batch-Stream ) -- Begin --
Job SUB15 Req #135 for M.MAROTTA [27,5434]
Control file: DSKB:SUB15.CTL[27,5434]
Log file: DSKB:SUB15.LOG[27,5434]
OPR>
7.6.7 Deleting Batch Requests
To cancel a batch request from the batch queue, use the CANCEL
BATCH-REQUEST command and supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to cancel one request
o A user name to cancel all requests for that user
o An asterisk (*) to cancel all requests
If you CANCEL a batch request that is active, the batch job is stopped
immediately. In this way the CANCEL command is the same as the ABORT
command. (ABORT is useful with active batch jobs only.) The log file
shows a message indicating that the job was deleted by the operator.
----- Example -----
Cancel batch request 168 from the batch request queue.
OPR>CANCEL BATCH-REQUEST 168 <RET>
OPR>
10:25:11 -- 1 Job Canceled --
OPR>
10:25:29 Batch-Stream 2 --Canceled by Operator [1,2] --
Job IPCUS Req #168 for MORRILL [25,1026]
OPR>
7-28
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
10:25:34 Batch-Stream 2 -- End --
Job IPCUS Req #168 for MORRILL [25,1026]
OPR>
7.7 CONTROLLING THE LINE PRINTER
To process printer requests, the system must have one or more line
printers with the parameters set to allow processing of user requests,
and the line printer(s) must be started. Normally, the line
printer(s) are automatically started at system start-up when the
SYSTEM.CMD file is executed. See the TOPS-10 Operator's Command
Language Reference Manual for more information about SYSTEM.CMD.
After one or more listings have been printed, you must remove them
from the line printer, separate them, and distribute them. Your
system manager should set up the distribution method, and should tell
you:
o Where you must put the listings so that users can pick them
up
o When you must distribute them
The following sections describe the OPR commands that enable you to
control the following line printer functions:
o Setting printer parameters
o Stopping a printer
o Continuing a printer job
o Shutting down a printer
o Displaying a printer's parameters
o Displaying a printer's status
7.7.1 Setting Line Printer Parameters
Normally, the SYSTEM.CMD file starts a defined number of line printers
at system start-up. However, you might have to start a line printer,
for example, when a user requests a printer for his own use. Before
you start a line printer, you can set the parameters for the line
printer with the SET PRINTER command. The parameters you can set are:
7-29
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o The FORMS-TYPE parameter, which specifies the type of paper
to be used. The name of the form should be the same as the
form name in the LPFORM.INI file. See Section 7.7.2 for more
information about the LPFORM.INI file.
o The LIMIT-EXCEEDED-ACTION parameter, which specifies what
action, if any, should be taken if a printer job exceeds the
output limit set by the user. You can set this parameter to
take one of the following actions:
- ASK the operator what action to take. The operator can
reply with either PROCEED (to continue the print job) or
ABORT (to cancel the print job).
- Always ABORT the print job when the limit has been
exceeded.
- Always PROCEED, ignoring the job limit.
o The PAGE-LIMITS parameter, which specifies the
minimum-to-maximum range of pages allowed to be printed per
job on the line printer. This is checked against the /LIMIT
value on the request.
o The PRIORITY-LIMITS parameter, which specifies the range of
print job priorities that the printer accepts. For example,
if a print job is queued with a priority of 19 and there are
no line printers that have been set to accept a priority of
19, the print request is queued but not printed. The request
remains in the print queue until a line printer has been set
to accept that priority. But you can change the priority of
a print request with the MODIFY PRINT-REQUESTS command.
These parameters are initially set by your system manager with GALGEN.
(Refer to the TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for the GALGEN
procedures.) When you change the FORMS-TYPE, LIMIT-EXCEEDED-ACTION,
PAGE-LIMITS, or PRIORITY-LIMITS for a printer, the change remains in
effect until you change it again, or until the GALAXY system is
restarted.
----- Example -----
Set line printer 0 to print requests with a priority from 1 to 21 and
a page limit from 1 to 1000.
OPR>SET PRINTER 0 PRIORITY-LIMITS 21 <RET>
OPR>
12:01:21 Printer 0 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>SET PRINTER 0 PAGE-LIMITS 1000 <RET>
7-30
GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>
12:01:40 Printer 0 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>
7.7.2 Using the LPFORM.INI File
The LPFORM.INI file allows you to set various printer parameters on
the basis of form names.
Each line in the LPFORM.INI file is written in the following format:
formname:locator/switch1/switch2/switch3...
where:
formname is a 1- to 6-character form name. The system
manager should specify form names that are
descriptive of the types of forms used at your
installation. The default is NORMAL.
:locator is an optional locator field containing:
ALL all devices (the default)
LPTxxy a specific line printer, where xx
is the node number, and y is the
printer unit number
LOC to specify all local line printers
REM to specify line printers at remote
stations
/switch1... are one or more switches you can use to
describe the way the forms are to be used.
Refer to Table 7-2 for a description of the
available switches.
Table 7-2: LPFORM.INI Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Meaning
______________________________________________________________________
/ALIGN:filespec The filespec specifies the file with the
extension .ALP, which is used to align the
forms on the line printer. If no filespec
is specified, the system uses the file whose
filespec is the name of the form. For
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example, /ALIGN for NARROW uses
SYS:NARROW.ALP by default. The alignment
occurs before the requested file is printed
and is not repeated if multiple requests for
the same forms occur for the same line
printer.
/BANNER:nn The value of nn specifies the number of
banner pages (job header pages) desired.
The default is 2 pages and may be changed
with GALGEN.
/CHAIN:xxx The xxx represents a 1- to 6-character
or ASCII string that specifies the chain or
/DRUM:xxx drum to be used on the printer. The system
displays the switch name and argument on
your terminal when the forms are scheduled.
If you specify both the /CHAIN and /DRUM
switches for the same entry in the
LPFORM.INI file, OPR prints only the last
one it encounters.
/HEADER:nn The value of nn specifies the number of file
header pages to be printed before each file.
The default is 2 pages and may be changed
with GALGEN.
/LINES:nn The value of nn specifies the number of
lines that can be printed on each page. The
default is 60. This switch should be
included whenever a form type is longer or
shorter than the normal 60 lines.
/NOTE:text The text represents text of up to 50
characters that is displayed on your OPR
terminal at the time the forms and/or print
request are scheduled.
/RAM:name The name represents a 1- to 6-character
ASCII string that specifies the name of the
control RAM to be used. The /RAM switch
loads a special program that allows
character translation on the line printer.
If the line printer has a program RAM
(DARAM), the system automatically loads it
from the file SYS:name.RAM. If the line
printer does not have a DARAM, the system
notifies you of the need to load your own
RAM program.
For example, if your line printer doesn't
print left and right angle brackets, you
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could specify a RAM file that would convert
angle brackets to square brackets in the
line printer output.
/RIBBON:name The name represents a 1- to 6-character
ASCII string that specifies the type of
ribbon to be used on the line printer. The
system displays the switch name and argument
on your terminal at the time that the forms
are scheduled.
/TAPE:name The name represents a 1- to 6-character
or ASCII string that specifies the name of
/VFU:name the vertical forms control tape to be used.
If the line printer has a program-loaded VFU
(DAVFU), the system automatically loads it
from the file SYS:name.VFU. If the line
printer does not have a DAVFU, the system
notifies you of the need to change the VFU
tape. The default VFU name is NORMAL.
/TRAILER:nn The value of nn specifies the number of job
trailer pages to be printed after each file.
The default is 2 pages and may be changed
with GALGEN.
/WIDTH:nn The value of nn specifies the number of
characters per line for the form. The
default width is 132 if the /WIDTH switch is
not specified. The /WIDTH switch should be
included whenever a form is narrower than
the standard 14-inch wide paper.
______________________________________________________________________
The form name in LPFORM.INI need not be the name of a physical form;
however, it ought to specify the type of form (such as NORMAL forms,
NARROW forms, and so forth). When a print request is made, LPTSPL
compares the form name associated with the request with the form name
of the form currently mounted on the line printer. If the first four
characters of the name are not the same, then LPTSPL requests you to
change the forms on the line printer. If the first four characters of
the name are the same, then LPTSPL checks the switches associated with
the requested form name and uses those values when printing the job.
If there are no printers that satisfy the print request, the request
will remain in the queue until a printer with the correct forms
becomes available.
If the forms type specified by the user is not the same as the form
that is currently in the printer, the system uses the first four
characters to check against the LPFORM.INI file. (This four-character
uniqueness can be changed by GALGEN; the default is four.) If the
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forms type matches one in the file, a request is made for you to
supply the appropriate form. If the forms type is not in the
LPFORM.INI file, the user receives an error.
For example, note the following LPFORM.INI file:
NARROW/HEADER:1/BANNER:1/TRAILER:1
NARR01/HEADER:0/BANNER:1/TRAILER:1
NARR02/HEADER:0/BANNER:0/TRAILER:0/NOTE:SPECIAL
Now, suppose that NARR01 forms are currently mounted on the line
printer and a user makes a print request that requires NARR02 forms.
The system compares the first four characters of the requested form
name (NARR02) with the first four characters of the form name for the
form that is currently mounted on the line printer (NARR01). Because
they are the same, the system takes the switch values associated with
NARR01 and applies them incorrectly to the user's print request.
Therefore, the LPFORM.INI file should contain unique forms names for
each different type of form. This ensures that the correct forms are
mounted when a user submits a print request. The alternative is to
change the GALGEN parameter and rebuild GALAXY.
Each line in LPFORM.INI can also contain a locator field, which
specifies the parameters a form should have when it is mounted on
specific line printers. For example:
NORMAL:LPT263/HEADER:1/BANNER:1/TRAILER:0
NORMAL:ALL/HEADER:2/BANNER:2/TRAILER:2
If form NORMAL is on line printer LPT263, it takes the forms
parameters given in the first entry of the LPFORM.INI file shown
above. If form NORMAL is on any other line printer, then it takes the
forms parameters given in the second entry of the file.
Note that entries in LPFORM.INI having identical form names but having
different locators must be listed from specific locator to more
general locator. In the example above, the entry specifying device
LPT263 for form NORMAL appears before the entry specifying locator ALL
for the same form name. This order is important because LPTSPL uses
the first entry in LPFORM.INI that can be applied to the device on
which the request is printed.
Also, note that ALL is the default locator value. For example,
NORMAL/switches
is equivalent to:
NORMAL:ALL/switches
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7.7.3 Using the LPFONT.INI File
The LPFONT.INI file contains a list of font specifications for the
LN01 laser printer. For more information about LN01 font
specifications, see the LN01 Programmer's Reference Manual and the
TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual. The following example
illustrates the format for each line in the LPFONT.INI file:
filenm=name1<TAB>name2<TAB>name3
where:
filenm is the name of a file containing a single font
specification. The default file extension is
.SIX.
name1<TAB>name2<TAB>name3
specifies font names. Name1 must be an actual
font name found in the font file. Name2 and
subsequent names can be any name chosen by
your system manager. To access a font you
must specify uppercase or lowercase exactly as
shown in the LPFONT.INI file.
----- Example -----
The following is a brief illustration of font specifications contained
in a LPFONT.INI file.
003665 = 002249L36V010005C VL36TRIUMVIRATEBDITNM
003674 = 002249P36V010004C VP36TRIUMVIRATEBDITCP 36PTBOLD
003675 = 002249P36V010005C VP36TRIUMVIRATEBDITNM
010601 = 002500L06V010001C VL6TIMES
7.7.4 Starting the Line Printer
After you set the parameters for the line printers, you must start the
printer(s) so that print requests can be processed. If you do not set
parameters for the printer, the parameters are those set by your
system manager with GALGEN.
You can start one or more line printers at a time by specifying a unit
number (n) or a range of unit numbers (n:m).
To stop the scheduling of jobs on a line printer, use the SHUTDOWN
command.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
----- Example -----
Use the START PRINTER command to start line printer 0.
OPR>START PRINTER 0 <RET>
OPR>
10:11:15 Printer 0 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
7.7.5 Stopping the Line Printer Temporarily
To stop one or more line printers, use the STOP PRINTER command. The
STOP PRINTER command temporarily stops the line printer from
completing its current job. You must use the CONTINUE command
(Section 7.7.6) to allow the line printer to continue printing the
job.
The STOP command has three optional arguments that you can use to
specify when the printer must stop. They are:
o AFTER CURRENT-REQUEST
o AFTER EVERY-REQUEST
o IMMEDIATELY
The IMMEDIATELY argument is the default argument of the STOP command.
See the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference Manual for a
complete description of these arguments.
----- Example -----
Stop the current job on line printer 2 to change the printer's ribbon.
OPR>STOP PRINTER 2 <RET>
OPR>
18:24:09 Printer 2 -- Stopped --
OPR>
7.7.6 Continuing the Line Printer
Use the CONTINUE command to continue the processing of a print request
on one or more line printers that were temporarily stopped with the
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
STOP command.
----- Example -----
After stopping the line printer to change the printer's ribbon,
continue the processing of the current print job.
OPR>CONTINUE PRINTER 2 <RET>
OPR>
18:30:41 Printer 2 -- Continued --
OPR>
7.7.7 Shutting Down the Line Printer
To prevent the scheduling of further print requests for one or more
line printers, use the SHUTDOWN command. If a print request is
currently printing on the line printer, the request is completed
before the line printer is shut down.
To start the scheduling of jobs on the line printer, use the START
command.
----- Example -----
Shut down line printer 2 while a request is still printing on it.
OPR>SHUTDOWN PRINTER 2 <RET>
OPR>
19:21:03 Printer 2 -- Shutdown AT EOJ Scheduled --
OPR>
When the request on the line printer has been completed, the following
message is displayed:
OPR>
19:22:54 Printer 2 -- Shutdown --
OPR>
7.7.8 Displaying Line Printer Parameters
To display the current parameters for one or more line printers, use
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
the SHOW PARAMETERS PRINTER command. If you do not specify a single
line printer unit number or a range of unit numbers, the SHOW command
displays information for all line printers on the system.
The SHOW PARAMETERS PRINTER command displays the following information
for each printer:
o The printer unit number
o The page limits set for the line printer
o The type of forms set for the line printer
o The priority range set for the line printer
o The limit-exceeded-action set for the line printer
o The case setting for the line printer (uppercase or
lowercase)
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW PARAMETERS PRINTER command to display the parameters of
all line printers on the system.
OPR>SHOW PARAMETERS PRINTER <RET>
OPR>
13:09:42 -- System Device Parameters --
Printer Parameters:
Unit Page Limits Form Prio Lim-Ex Dev-Chars
---- ------------ ------ ----- ------ ---------
0 0:20000 NORMAL 1:63 Ask Lower
1 0:500 NARROW 1:63 Ask Lower
OPR>
If jobs are waiting in the print queue because they do not meet the
limitations of any line printer, use this command to check the
parameters. After you check the parameters, use the SET PRINTER
command to modify the parameters so that the printer accepts the user
requests.
7.7.9 Displaying Line Printer Status
To display the status of the line printers use the SHOW STATUS PRINTER
command. If you do not specify a line printer unit number or a range
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
of unit numbers, the command displays information for all line
printers on the system.
The SHOW STATUS PRINTER command displays the following information:
o The printer unit number
o The current status of the printer
o The name of the job currently active on the printer
o The request-id number for the job
o The name and PPN of the user who made the print request
If the line printer is not active, the word "Idle" appears in the
status column with no job name, request-id, or user name. If none of
the line printers are active, only the stream number and status appear
in the display.
If a printer is active, the display also shows the time that the print
request started to print and the number of pages printed thus far. If
you do not need this information, specify the /SHORT switch before you
press RETURN.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW STATUS PRINTER command to display the current status of
all line printers on the system.
OPR>SHOW STATUS PRINTER<RET>
OPR>
13:51:39 -- System Device Status --
Printer Status:
Unit Status Jobname Req# User
---- --------------- ------- ---- ------------------------
0 Active R4PPR2 106 MEIDELL [27,1345]
Started at 13:44:40, printed 142 of 1012 pages
1 Idle
OPR>
7.8 CONTROLLING FORMS ON THE LINE PRINTER
OPR commands enable you to do the following line printer tasks:
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o Align printer forms
o Backspace printer forms
o Forwardspace printer forms
o Suppress printer forms
You can use the OPR commands that control printer forms while the line
printer is printing a job, or after you set the line printer off-line.
When you set the line printer off-line, OPR sends the following
message to the CTY.
hh:mm:ss Printer n -- Offline --
When you put the line printer on line, the line printer resumes
printing.
In addition, the SET PRINTER command allows you to change the type of
forms on the line printer. If you specify a form type that does not
have an entry in the LPFORM.INI file, the forms characteristics
default to:
o /BANNER:2
o /HEADER:2
o /LINES:60
o /VFU:NORMAL
o /WIDTH:132
o /TRAILER:2
These defaults can be set by running GALGEN. Refer to Section 7.7.2
for a complete description of the SYS:LPFORM.INI file and the switches
you can place in it.
When the first request starts to print, the following message appears,
indicating the forms type being loaded into the printer's vertical
format unit (VFU):
hh:mm:ss Print n --Loading VFU with 'forms-type'--
This is only an informational message that appears because the system
reads the LPFORM.INI file when you start a line printer.
The following sections describe how to use each of the commands listed
above.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.8.1 Aligning Forms
Occasionally, during your daily system operation, you might have to
correct the alignment of special forms for a particular line printer
job. For example, you have loaded payroll checks on the line printer
for your scheduled payroll process and they did not align correctly.
The ALIGN command allows you to adjust the forms on the line printer
as many times as necessary to print the job correctly.
When you give the ALIGN PRINTER command, the system uses an alignment
file that is specified as "formsname.ALP" for the print request, where
formsname is the name of the form that was specified in the user's
print request. The "formsname.ALP" file contains a pattern applicable
to the special forms being mounted. If you do not want the default
.ALP file used, you can specify another alignment file in the ALIGN
PRINTER command. For example, the file for NORMAL forms at your
installation could be:
SYS:NORMAL.ALP
In addition, the ALIGN PRINTER command has three optional switches
that you can specify. These are:
o /PAUSE to change the number of seconds between each
printing of the .ALP file
o /REPEAT-COUNT to change the number of times the .ALP file
is printed.
o /STOP to resume normal printing and stop aligning
forms
When you specify one of these switches, you are changing the default
for the current job on the printer. When you specify the /STOP
switch, the printer stops printing the contents of the .ALP file and
resumes printing the job.
----- Example -----
Use the ALIGN PRINTER command to align forms for a print request for
payroll checks. The /PAUSE switch was set for 10 seconds and the
/REPEAT-COUNT switch was set for 25 times. Change the /REPEAT-COUNT
to 15.
OPR>ALIGN PRINTER 0 /REPEAT-COUNT:15 <RET>
OPR>
12:46:02 Printer 0 -- Alignment --
Job PAYROL Req #32 for ACCOUNTING [10,3112]
OPR>
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
Use the ALIGN PRINTER command again after you have correctly aligned
the form for the checks. Specify the /STOP switch to resume the
normal printing of the payroll checks.
OPR>ALIGN PRINTER 0 /STOP <RET>
OPR>
12:52:43 Printer 0 -- Alignment Stopped --
Job PAYROL Req #32 for ACCOUNTING [10,3112]
OPR>
7.8.2 Backspacing Forms
Occasionally, you might have to backspace a particular file that is
being printed on the line printer, for example, when the forms become
jammed in the printing mechanism. The BACKSPACE command allows you to
backspace the print file so that the pages of the file that were
jammed or incorrectly printed can be reprinted.
With the BACKSPACE PRINTER command, you must specify one of the
following switches:
o /COPIES specifies the number of copies to backspace
o /FILE specifies that the file should be reprinted from
the beginning
o /PAGES specifies the number of pages to be backspaced
When you use the BACKSPACE PRINTER command, LPTSPL first clears the
printer buffer by printing its contents, and then executes your
command. The number of pages that are printed to clear the buffer are
included in the number of pages you specify in the BACKSPACE PRINTER
command. Therefore, when you specify the /PAGES switch, you should
add two or three pages to the total number given as the /PAGES value.
With the /COPIES switch and the /FILE switch, you do not have to
consider these additional pages.
----- Example -----
Printer 1 has just had a VFU error, which has put the printer off
line. The following messages appear at your console:
OPR>
09:38:18 Printer 1 -- Offline --
OPR>
09:39:39 <12> Printer 1 -- VFU error --
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
Re-align forms and put on-line
Type 'Respond <number> PROCEED when ready
OPR>
You must now realign the forms on the printer. Before you put the
printer on line, give the BACKSPACE PRINTER command to repeat the
number of pages that were jammed and add a couple of pages for the
printer buffer. (The following example describes backspacing printer
1 by 25 pages.) Then RESPOND to message 12:
OPR>BACKSPACE PRINTER 1 /PAGES:25 <RET>
OPR>
09:45:06 Printer 1 -- Backspaced 25 Pages --
OPR>RESPOND 12 PROCEED <RET>
OPR>
At this point, the line printer prints the remaining contents of the
printer buffer and then backspaces 25 pages to reprint what was jammed
or incorrectly printed.
7.8.3 Forwardspacing Forms
Occasionally, you might have to forwardspace a particular file that is
being printed on the line printer, such as when a user requests only a
portion of some file to be printed. The FORWARDSPACE command allows
you to forwardspace the file so that you can save paper and print only
what is needed. With the FORWARDSPACE PRINTER command, you must
specify one of the following switches:
o /COPIES specifies the number of copies to be skipped
o /FILE skips one file in the request
o /PAGES specifies the number of pages in the print request
to skip
When you use the FORWARDSPACE PRINTER command, LPTSPL first clears the
printer buffer by printing its contents and then executes your
command. The number of pages that are printed to clear the buffer is
included with the number of pages you specify in the FORWARDSPACE
PRINTER command. Therefore, when you specify the /PAGES switch, you
should add two or three pages to the value of /PAGES. With the
/COPIES switch and the /FILE switch, you do not have to consider these
additional pages.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
----- Example -----
A user issued the command PRINT A.TXT,B.TXT,C.TXT,D.TXT and has
requested you to forwardspace line printer 2, so that the file A.TXT
is skipped, and file B.TXT is the first file printed. After the
printer has printed the header and banner pages, give the FORWARDSPACE
PRINTER command for one file.
OPR>
OPR>FORWARDSPACE PRINTER 2 /FILE <RET>
OPR>
9:45:26 Printer 2 -- Forwardspaced 1 File --
OPR>
At this point, the line printer prints the remaining contents of the
printer buffer and then skips one file of the print job.
7.8.4 Suppressing Carriage Control
Occasionally, you might have to suppress the carriage control on the
line printer for a particular job, such as when a user's program
causes a print loop that makes the forms in the line printer pass
through with one line written on each form. The SUPPRESS command
allows you to suppress the carriage control.
The SUPPRESS PRINTER command suppresses all blank lines and form
feeds. For example, if you have a 25-page file with one line of text
per page, the SUPPRESS PRINTER command causes all the lines of text to
be printed on one page.
With the SUPPRESS PRINTER command, you can specify one of the
following switches:
o /FILE suppresses blank lines and form feeds for the
current file being printed
o /JOB suppresses blank lines and form feeds for the
entire job
o /STOP stops the suppression of printing and resumes
normal printing with blank lines and form feeds.
The /JOB switch is the default if you do not specify any of the above
switches.
----- Example -----
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
A user's program has caused a print loop. Use the SUPPRESS PRINTER
command to stop the form feeds, thus saving paper.
OPR>SUPPRESS PRINTER 1 <RET>
OPR>
10:43:47 Printer 1 -- Carriage control suppressed --
Job TEST01 Req #55 for PTAYLOR [10,2772]
OPR>
7.9 CONTROLLING LINE PRINTER JOBS
The following sections explain the OPR commands that allow you to do
the following line printer tasks:
o Display the printer queue
o Prevent print requests from processing
o Reschedule print requests that were previously held
o Cancel printer jobs
o Requeue a printer job to be processed at a later time
o Change the priority of a print request
o Delete a print request from the queue
o Force the printer to process a particular request immediately
7.9.1 Examining the Printer Queue
When a user issues a request for the printer, the request is placed in
a queue where it waits to be printed. To examine the queues for print
jobs, use the OPR command SHOW QUEUES PRINTER-JOBS.
The SHOW QUEUES PRINTER-JOBS command displays the following
information for each job:
o The name of the print job
o The request-id number of the print job
o The page limit of the print job
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o The name and PPN of the user who requested the print job
These four columns of the display appear whether the print job is
active (currently printing) or is inactive (not printing). A job may
be inactive because it is waiting for other jobs with lower limits or
a higher priority. If no other printer requests are running, the job
may be waiting because no printer has the required parameters or
forms.
In addition to the above, if the job is active, the display also shows
the unit number of the printer on which the job is printing, the time
that the print job started, and the total number of pages printed.
The SHOW QUEUES PRINTER-JOBS command has two optional switches: /ALL
and /SHORT. The /ALL switch displays a detailed list of all printer
jobs in the queue, with their appropriate column headers and any
additional switches that the user specified with the PRINT command.
If there were no switches specified, the /ALL switch displays the
default switches of the PRINT command for the printer job. In
addition, the /ALL switch displays any additional characteristics of
the request, for example, if the job is being held. The /SHORT switch
requests a display of the job name, the request number, the scheduled
runtime, and the user name. There are no column headers and there are
no switches displayed on the /SHORT output listing.
The asterisk (*) before the job name column (see examples) indicates
that the job is currently printing.
----- Example -----
1. Use the /ALL switch to display the printer jobs in the queue
with all their switches.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES PRINTER-JOBS /ALL <RET>
OPR>
10:49:07 -- System Queues Listing --
Printer Queue:
Job Name Req# Limit User
-------- ---- ----- ------------------------
* DAILY 11 24 OPERATOR [1,2] On Unit:0
/Seq:3320
Started at 10:47, printed 5 of 24 pages
* TRAP79 12 161 BELANGER [12,5521] On Unit:1
/Seq:3321
Started at 10:44, printed 15 of 161 pages
MF20 13 23 SROBINSON [10,5432] /Seq:3322
WEEKLY 14 17 OPERATOR [1,2] /Seq:3323
SYSERR 15 10 OPERATOR [1,2] /Seq:3324
There are 5 jobs in the queue (2 in progress)
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>
2. Use the SHOW QUEUES PRINTER-JOBS command with the /SHORT
switch.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES PRINTER-JOBS /SHORT <RET>
OPR>
10:49:07 -- System Queues Listing --
Printer Queue:
* DAILY 11 24 OPERATOR [1,2]
- TRAP79 12 161 BELANGER [12,5521]
MF20 13 23 SROBINSON [10,5432]
WEEKLY 14 17 OPERATOR [1,2]
SYSERR 15 10 OPERATOR [1,2]
OPR>
7.9.2 Holding Line Printer Jobs
To prevent print requests from processing, use the HOLD PRINTER-JOBS
command. When you use this command, the print request in the queue is
held. Any other requests for the line printer are not held and are
processed as soon as a line printer becomes available. You must
specify one of the following with this command:
o The request-id number, which holds a single printer job
o The PPN for a particular user, which holds all printer jobs
queued by that user.
o An asterisk (*), which holds all printer jobs in the queue
NOTE
You cannot HOLD a printer job that is currently being
printed on a line printer.
----- Example -----
Use the HOLD PRINTER-JOBS command to hold all printer requests for
user SMITH, whose PPN is [27,5112].
OPR>HOLD PRINTER-JOBS [27,5112] <RET>
OPR>
9:01:54 -- 6 Jobs Held --
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>
7.9.3 Releasing Line Printer Jobs
Use the RELEASE command to allow the printing of a job that has been
previously held with the HOLD command. To specify the job you want to
release, supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to release one job
o A user name to release all jobs for that user
o An asterisk (*) to release all jobs
----- Example -----
Use the RELEASE command to reschedule all printer jobs that were
previously held.
OPR>RELEASE PRINTER-JOBS * <RET>
OPR>
10:38:09 -- 6 Jobs Released --
OPR>
7.9.4 Canceling Line Printer Jobs
Occasionally, you might have to cancel a printer job while it is
printing. You can use the ABORT command with the printer unit number
and one or more of the following switches:
o /PURGE
o /REASON
The /PURGE switch flushes the entire request from the system when it
is canceled. There are no header, banner, or trailer pages printed
when the print request is purged.
The /REASON switch allows you to enter one or more lines of text to
explain why the printer job was canceled.
----- Example -----
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Use the ABORT command to cancel a printer job because a user has
requested that you do so.
OPR>ABORT PRINTER 1 - <RET>
/REASON:USER REQUEST <RET>
OPR>
11:32:08 Printer 1 -- Aborted --
Job TEST01 Req #35 for JONES [2,187]
USER REQUEST
OPR>
11:32:12 Printer 1 -- End --
Job TEST01 Req #35 for JONES [2,187]
OPR>
7.9.5 Requeuing Line Printer Jobs
Occasionally, you might want to cancel a printer job and then
reschedule it to be printed at a later time. You can use the REQUEUE
command to hold the printer job in its entirety and ABORT its current
printing. This command can be used only when the job is active.
For example, you might want to REQUEUE a printer job that requires
many boxes of forms so that it prints at a later time when fewer users
are requesting printer jobs. Thus, you REQUEUE the job for printing
when the time becomes available.
You can specify the /REASON switch to explain why the job is being
requeued.
----- Example -----
Use the REQUEUE command to hold a printer job that requires four hours
to print.
OPR>REQUEUE PRINTER 2 /REASON:<RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
JOB REQUIRES FOUR HOURS TO PRINT. <RET>
JOB WILL BE RELEASED FOR PRINT ON 2ND SHIFT. ^Z
OPR>
13:21:03 Printer 2 -- Requeued --
Job ARFORM Req #37 for AR.OFFICE [10,2312]
OPR>
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13:21:25 Printer 2 -- End --
Job ARFORM Req #37 for AR.OFFICE [10,2312]
OPR>
7.9.6 Modifying Line Printer Requests
To change the priority of a printer request in the queue, use the
MODIFY PRINTER-REQUEST command. To specify the request you want to
modify, supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to modify one request
o A user name to modify all requests for that user
o An asterisk (*) to modify all requests
You must specify a new PRIORITY number from 1 to 63. The higher the
number, the greater the priority.
----- Example -----
Use the MODIFY command to change the priority of batch request 135 to
63. This causes the request to be the next job processed.
OPR>MODIFY PRINTER-REQUEST 135 PRIORITY 63 <RET>
OPR>
08:51:21 -- 1 Request Modified --
OPR>
7.9.7 Deleting Line Printer Requests
To delete a printer request from the printer queue, use the CANCEL
PRINTER-REQUEST command. To specify the request you want to CANCEL,
supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to cancel one request
o A user name to cancel all requests for that user
o An asterisk (*) to cancel all requests
When you delete a print request that is currently printing on the
printer, the printer stops printing the data, prints the trailer
pages, and starts printing the next job in the queue.
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----- Example -----
Use the CANCEL command to delete print request 168 from the queue.
OPR>CANCEL PRINTER-REQUEST 168 <RET>
OPR>
10:25:11 -- 1 Job Canceled --
OPR>
10:26:01 Printer 0 -- Canceled by Operator [1,2] --
Job NEW Req 168 for M.MAROTTA [27,5434]
OPR>
10:26:10 Printer 0 -- End --
Job NEW Req 168 for M.MAROTTA [27,5434]
7.9.8 Specifying the next Line Printer Job
You can force the printer to service a particular request immediately
by using the NEXT command. This command starts the specified print
request immediately after the current request is finished. The NEXT
command does not alter the sequence of other requests in the queue.
You may, for example, have several jobs in the queue which have
requested narrow forms. By giving the NEXT command, you can service
them before restoring normal forms to your printer.
----- Example -----
A user (MORRILL) requests that his print job be moved to the top of
the print queue to be printed when a printer is available. You must
examine the print queue to obtain the request-identification number
for his print request. Then you use the NEXT command to place his
request next in the queue.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES PRINTER<RET>
OPR>
11:35:43 -- System Queues Listing --
Printer Queue:
Job Name Req Limit User
-------- ------ ------- --------------------------------
* BREAK 14 200 KOVALCIN, D [10,4635] On Unit:0
Started at 11:30:44, printed 20 of 200 pages
MAIL 145 35 MAROTTA, M [27,5555]
SNOOPY 10 65 MORRILL [443,2520]
/After:29-MAY-88 12:00
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There are 3 jobs in the queue (1 in progress)
OPR>NEXT PRINTER 0 REQUEST-ID 10<RET>
OPR>
11:36:17 Printer 0 -- NEXT request #10 scheduled --
OPR>
7.10 SENDING PRINTER OUTPUT TO MAGNETIC TAPE
You can send output to another device (such as magnetic tape) instead
of a line printer with the OPR command, START PRINTER nn
/DEVICE:MTAn:.
The advantages for doing this are:
o When your line printers are down due to a hardware problem,
you can spool the output to tape and then copy this output on
a system where the printer(s) is not down.
o When you want to microfiche the output, you can send the
output to tape instead of printing it on the line printer.
o When you want to transfer the output from one site to
another, or to another system, you can put it on tape.
Transferring a tape is easier than mailing or carrying the
printed output.
To perform this task, do the following:
1. Type to OPR:
SET TAPE-DRIVE MTxn: UNAVAILABLE <RET>
where x is the tape controller identification and n is the
tape drive number. (Refer to Chapter 9 for additional
information on the SET TAPE-DRIVE command.)
2. Physically mount and bring on line a tape on the tape drive
that has been made UNAVAILABLE. Make sure that the
write-ring has been inserted in the tape, so that the tape is
write-enabled.
3. Type to OPR:
HOLD PRINTER-JOBS * <RET>
to hold all printer job requests in the printer(s) queue.
(Refer to Section 7.9.2.)
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4. Type to OPR:
START PRINTER nn /DEVICE:MTxn: <RET>
where nn is a line printer unit number other than the
printers already in use, and MTxn is the tape drive number.
5. If you are to print a type of form other than that used when
a printer is started (the default) at your installation, type
to OPR:.
SET PRINTER nn FORMS-TYPE forms-name <RET>
where forms-name is the desired type of form to be spooled to
the tape
6. Type to OPR:
RELEASE PRINTER-JOBS * <RET>
to release those printer requests that were held.
7. When the printer requests have completed being output to the
tape, type to OPR:
SHUTDOWN PRINTER nn <RET>
to rewind and unload the tape automatically.
8. Type to OPR:
SET TAPE-DRIVE MTxn: AVAILABLE <RET>
to make the tape drive available for user tape mount
requests.
----- Example -----
Start printer 2 on MTA0: to output all printer requests in the
printer queue for NARROW forms, because there are no NARROW forms at
your site.
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTA0: UNAVAILABLE<RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
ALL NARROW FORMS WILL BE PRINTED AT ANOTHER SITE. <RET>
THERE ARE NO NARROW FORMS IN STOCK.^Z
OPR>
7:52:19 Device MTA0 -- Set Unavailable --
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OPR>HOLD PRINTER-JOBS * <RET>
OPR>
7:53:45 -- 10 Jobs Held --
OPR>START PRINTER 2 /DEVICE:MTA0 <RET>
7:55:34 Printer 2 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>SET PRINTER 2 FORMS-TYPE NARROW <RET>
OPR>
7:56:15 Printer 2 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>RELEASE PRINTER-JOBS * <RET>
7:57:23 -- 10 Jobs Released --
OPR>
7:57:37 Printer 2 -- Started --
OPR>
7:57:38 Printer 2 -- Begin --
Job DAILY Req #11 for PAYROLL[2,147]
OPR>
7:58:29 Printer 2 -- End --
Job DAILY Req #11 for PAYROLL [2,147]
OPR>
7:59:01 Printer 2 -- Begin --
Job WEEKLY Req #12 for PAYROLL [2,147]
OPR>
.
.
.
OPR>
8:09:10 Printer 2 -- End --
Job YEARLY Req #20 for PAYROLL [2,147]
OPR>SHUTDOWN PRINTER 2 <RET>
OPR>
8:10:12 Printer 2 -- Shutdown --
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTA0: AVAILABLE<RET>
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OPR>
8:12:30 Device MTA0 -- Set Available --
OPR>
7.11 CONTROLLING LAT DEVICES
The LAT Control Program (LCP), a subset of OPR, allows you to control
and monitor LAT (local area transport) activity. A LAT device allows
simultaneous connections to services offered by one or more processors
in a local area network.
To enter LCP, use the OPR command, ENTER, as follows:
OPR>ENTER LCP<RET>
LCP>
To exit LCP and return to OPR command level, use the RETURN command as
follows:
LCP>RETURN<RET>
OPR>
LCP commands allow you to:
o Clear LAT parameters.
o Set LAT parameters.
o Show all outgoing active or pending LAT connections and
provide information about requests waiting to be connected to
application terminals.
o Change various counter settings to zero.
The commands that control LAT devices are:
o CLEAR - Resetting parameters
o SET - Setting parameters
o SHOW - Displaying parameters
o START - Starting LAT activity
o STOP - Stopping LAT printers
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o ZERO - Clearing LAT counters
Another command, the DEFINE NODE command lets you define a destination
on a LAT server.
For more information about these commands see the TOPS-10 Operator's
Command Language Reference Manual.
7.11.1 Setting Parameters
The LCP SET command allows you to specify various LAT Control Program
parameters, as shown below.
o GROUPS - Specifies group numbers
o IDENTIFICATION - Specifies host identification
o MAXIMUM ACTIVE-CIRCUITS - Sets number of active circuits
o MAXIMUM SESSIONS - Sets number of LAT terminals
o MULTICAST-TIMER - Sets message interval
o NUMBER - Specifies host identification
o RETRANSMIT TIMER - Sets retransmission interval
o RETRANSMIT LIMIT - Sets retransmission limit
o SERVICE-NAME - Specifies services offered
----- Example -----
Use the SET command to set to 10 the maximum number of active circuits
that can exist at a node.
LCP>SET MAXIMUM ACTIVE-CIRCUITS 10<RET>
LCP>
15:16:38 LCP -- Set Accepted --
LCP>
7.11.2 Resetting Parameters
The LCP CLEAR command allows you to reset the following parameters set
by the SET command. Note that you cannot clear parameters for
NODE-NAME, or host NUMBER.
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o GROUPS - Clears group setting
o IDENTIFICATION - Clears identification
o MAXIMUM ACTIVE-CIRCUITS - Changes number of active circuits
o MAXIMUM SESSIONS - Resets number of LAT terminals
o MULTICAST-TIMER - Changes message interval
o NUMBER - Specifies host identification
o RETRANSMIT TIMER - Resets retransmission interval
o RETRANSMIT LIMIT - Resets retransmission limit
o SERVICE-NAME - Clears offered services
----- Example -----
Use the CLEAR command to reset the maximum number of active LAT
terminals allowed to connect to the local host.
LCP>CLEAR MAXIMUM SESSIONS<RET>
LCP>
10:28:10 LCP -- Clear Accepted --
LCP>
7.11.3 Starting LAT Activity
To notify all servers that the host is available and set the
LAT-ACCESS-STATE to ON, use the LCP START command.
----- Example -----
Use the START command to make the host available to all terminal
servers.
LCP>START<ESC>(Processing LAT sessions)<RET>
LCP>
9:20:52 LCP -- Start Accepted --
LCP>
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7.11.4 Stopping LAT Activity
To terminate all existing LAT terminal sessions and reject any new
connections from servers, use the LCP STOP command.
----- Example -----
Use the STOP command to terminate all existing LAT terminal sessions.
LCP>STOP<ESC>(Processing LAT sessions)<RET>
LCP>
12:22:19 LCP -- Stop Accepted --
LCP>
7.11.5 Changing LAT Counters
To change the counters for the combined LAT server totals to zero, use
the LCP ZERO COUNTERS command. Use the /SERVER switch to specify a
particular LAT server.
----- Example -----
Use the ZERO COUNTERS command to change the counters for the combined
LAT server totals to zero.
LCP>ZERO COUNTERS<RET>
LCP>
22:12:36 LCP -- Zero Accepted --
LCP>
7.11.6 Displaying LAT Activity
The SHOW command displays the following LAT information:
o Dynamic and permanent parameters
o Currently active terminal connections
o Server information
o Counter information
----- Example -----
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Use the SHOW command to display the dynamic and permanent LAT
parameters.
LCP>SHOW CHARACTERISTICS<RET>
LCP>
9:27:21 LCP -- Host Characteristics --
LAT Access State: ON
Host Name: KL1026
Host id: RN245A DEC10 TRISMP
Host Number: 110
Retransmit Limit: 60
Retransmit Timer: 1000
Multicast Timer: 30
Groups: 3:4,7,10,14,18,21
Current Maximum
------- -------
Allocated circuits: 3 20
Active circuits: 3 20
Sessions: 6 200
Service name Rating Identification
------------ ------ ---------------------
KL1026 1 RN245A DEC10 TRISMP
LCP>
7.12 CONTROLLING THE CARD READER
To handle a user's request to have card decks read into the system for
batch processing, you must start one (or possibly more) card reader(s)
at your site. The card reader may be automatically started at system
startup when the SYSTEM.CMD file is executed.
Your system manager should establish the following when you have batch
users submitting their jobs as card input:
o Where the users place the card decks for submission
o When you load the card decks into the card reader for reading
o When and where you place the card decks and output from the
batch jobs to return to the users
The following sections explain how to use the OPR commands that enable
you to do these card reader tasks:
o Load and read cards through the card reader
o Stop the card reader from processing the current request
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o Continue to process a request that was stopped
o Prohibit the scheduling of card reader requests
o Display the status of the card reader
o Cancel a card reader job
7.12.1 Starting the Card Reader
To load and read cards through the card reader, use the START READER
command. Starting the card reader allows card jobs to be scheduled
for processing in the batch system. You can specify one or more unit
numbers with the START command. The SYSTEM.CMD file usually includes
this command.
To stop the scheduling of card batch jobs on a card reader, use the
SHUTDOWN command.
----- Example -----
Use the START READER command to start up card reader 0.
OPR>START READER 0 <RET>
OPR>
10:11:15 Reader 0 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
7.12.2 Stopping the Card Reader
To stop one or more card readers, use the STOP command. This
temporarily STOPS the card reader from processing its current job.
You must use the CONTINUE command to allow the card reader to continue
reading the input job.
The default of the STOP command is IMMEDIATELY.
----- Example -----
Stop the current job on card reader 0 temporarily to fix a card in the
deck that was folded.
OPR>STOP READER 0 <RET>
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OPR>
18:24:09 Reader 0 -- Stopped --
OPR>
7.12.3 Continuing the Card Reader
To continue one or more card readers that were temporarily stopped
with the STOP command use the CONTINUE command.
----- Example -----
After stopping the card reader to fix a folded card, continue the
current card reader job.
OPR>CONTINUE READER 0 <RET>
OPR>
18:30:41 Reader 0 -- Continued --
OPR>
7.12.4 Shutting Down the Card Reader
To stop the scheduling of card reader requests, use the SHUTDOWN
command. If a card reader job is currently being read from the card
reader, the request is completed before the card reader is shut down.
No further requests will be accepted.
----- Example -----
Shut down card reader 0 while a card deck is still being read into the
system.
OPR>SHUTDOWN READER 0 <RET>
OPR>
19:21:01 Reader 0 -- Shutdown Scheduled --
OPR>
When the card deck has finished being read into the system, the
following message appears:
OPR>
19:22:44 Reader 0 -- Shutdown --
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OPR>
7.12.5 Displaying Card Reader Status
To display the status of one or more card readers, use the SHOW STATUS
READER command. If you do not specify a number or a range of unit
numbers, the default is all card readers on the system.
The output from the SHOW STATUS READER command displays:
o The card reader unit number
o The current status of the card reader (either Idle or Active)
If the card reader is active, there is currently a deck of cards being
read into the system. The system does not recognize a job name,
request-id, or user name until the last card of the deck has been read
and the card reader is idle. At this time, the card deck becomes a
batch request and can be displayed with the SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS
command.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW STATUS READER command to display the current status of
the card reader at your installation.
OPR>SHOW STATUS READER <RET>
OPR>
13:51:39 -- System Device Status --
Reader Status:
Unit Status
---- ---------------
0 Active
OPR>
7.12.6 Canceling a Card Reader Job
Occasionally, you may have to cancel a card job being read, for
example, when a card jam occurs in the card reader. To cancel a card
job, use the ABORT READER command, and specify the reader unit number
that is processing the job.
----- Example -----
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Use the ABORT command to cancel a card reader job because of a card
jam.
OPR>ABORT READER 0 <RET>
OPR>
12:32:09 Reader 0 -- Aborted --
OPR>
7.13 CONTROLLING CARD PUNCH, PAPERTAPE PUNCH, AND PLOTTERS
The commands and descriptions in this section are applicable only if
you have the hardware available at your installation.
Other output devices available to users are:
o CARD-PUNCH
o PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH
o PLOTTER
If your installation has one or more of these output devices, you must
set the parameters so that user requests can be processed. If your
installation has these devices, they may be automatically started at
system startup when the SYSTEM.CMD file is executed.
When the output from the card punch, paper tape punch, or plotter has
been completed, you must remove the output and distribute it. Your
system manager should set up the distribution method, which includes:
o When to distribute the output
o Where to put the output so that users can pick it up
The following sections explain the OPR commands that control the card
punch, paper tape punch, and plotter. These commands enable you to do
the following:
o Set the parameters for an output device
o Start output devices
o Stop output devices temporarily
o Continue processing on an output device
o Stop the scheduling of output requests on an output device
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o Display output device parameters
o Display the status of an output device
7.13.1 Setting Output Device Parameters
Normally, the SYSTEM.CMD file starts a defined number of output
devices at system startup. The SYSTEM.CMD file may also set
parameters for the output devices. However, you might have to start
an output device when a user requests output from the device. You may
also need to change the default parameters for the output device. The
following are the output device parameters that you can set:
o FORMS-TYPE name
Where "name" is the name of the forms type. The default is
NORMAL and is defined in the SPFORM.INI file for each device
type. Refer to the following section for the description and
use of the SPFORM.INI file.
o LIMIT-EXCEEDED-ACTION action
The "action" of the LIMIT-EXCEEDED-ACTION parameter refers to
what action, if any, should be taken if the device that is
currently processing the job request exceeds the
OUTPUT-LIMIT. You can set this parameter to:
- ASK the operator to RESPOND with either PROCEED to finish
processing the output job or ABORT to cancel the output
job
- Always ABORT the output job when the limit has been
exceeded
- Always PROCEED, ignoring the output limit of the device
o OUTPUT-LIMIT number
The "number" of the OUTPUT-LIMIT parameter refers to the:
- Number of cards for the CARD-PUNCH
- Number of feet for the PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH
- Number of minutes for the PLOTTER
These parameters (all set by GALGEN) default to the following
if they are not included in the SYSTEM.CMD file at system
startup:
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- 500 cards for the CARD-PUNCH
- 500 feet for the PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH
- 30 minutes for the PLOTTER
o PRIORITY-LIMITS range
The "range" of the PRIORITY-LIMITS parameter refers to a
range of request priority numbers the output device accepts.
The priority range is 1:63. For example, if an output
request is queued with a priority of 19 and there are no
devices for the request that have been set to accept a
priority of 19, the request will not be output until you
change the priority range for the device, or the priority of
the request. You can change the priority number of the
request with the MODIFY command (refer to Section 7.14.6).
When you set an output device to change the FORMS-TYPE,
LIMIT-EXCEEDED-ACTION, OUTPUT-LIMIT, or PRIORITY-LIMITS, the change
remains in effect until you change it with the same command, or until
the GALAXY system is reloaded.
----- Examples -----
1. Set the priority limits for the paper tape punch to be a
range of 20:63. This prevents processing of paper tape punch
requests with priority limits under 20 feet.
OPR>SET PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH 0 PRIORITY-LIMITS -<RET>
20:63 <RET>
OPR>
11:34:09 Papertape 0 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>
2. Set the limit exceeded action for the card punch to ignore
the output limit. This allows any card punch request,
regardless of its limit, to be completed on CDP0.
OPR>SET CARD-PUNCH 0 LIMIT-EXCEEDED-ACTION -<RET>
PROCEED <RET>
OPR>
12:23:18 Card-punch 0 -- Set Accepted --
OPR>
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7.13.2 Using the SPFORM.INI File
The SPFORM.INI file allows you to automatically set forms parameters
for the card punch, paper tape punch, and plotter on the basis of
device type and form names. To accomplish this, you or your system
manager must set up a file on SYS: called SPFORM.INI which contains a
list of form names and switch settings for those forms.
Each line in the SPFORM.INI file is written in the following format:
devtyp formname:locator/switch1/switch2/switch3...
where:
devtyp the device type for which this line applies.
The device types are as follows:
CDP for the card punch
PTP for the paper tape punch
PLT for the plotter
formname a 1- to 6-character form name. You or your
system manager should specify unique form
names that are descriptive of the types of
forms used at your installation.
:locator an optional locator field containing one of
the following:
ALL all devices (the default)
REMOTE all devices at remote stations
/switch1... one or more switches available to you to
describe how the forms are to be used. Refer
to Tables 7-3 and 7-4 for a description of
switches. Table 7-3 describes the switches
that can be used for all the output device
types. Table 7-4 describes the switches that
can be used only for the plotter (PLT).
Table 7-3: SPFORM.INI Switches For All Device Types
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Meaning
______________________________________________________________________
/BANNER specifies whether banner units will be
output at the beginning of the request.
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/HEADER specifies whether header units will be
output at the beginning of each file.
/NOTE:xxx The xxx represents text (up to 50
characters) that is printed on the OPR
terminal when the forms are scheduled.
There is no default.
/TRAILER specifies whether trailer units will be
output at the end of each file.
______________________________________________________________________
Table 7-4: SPFORM.INI Switches For Plotter Devices Only
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Meaning
______________________________________________________________________
/MAXIMUM:xx:yy specifies the maximum form size in the
horizontal (xx) and vertical (yy) axis. The
values of xx and yy are measured in units;
the unit size is defined by the /SPU switch.
The plotter, when mounted with the specified
type of form, will accept plots no larger
than the values of xx and yy indicate.
/MINIMUM:xx:yy specifies the minimum form size in the
horizontal (xx) and vertical (yy) axis. The
values of xx and yy are measured in units;
the unit size is defined by the /SPU switch.
The plotter, when mounted with the specified
type of form, will accept plots no smaller
than the values of xx and yy indicate.
/SPU:nnn specifies the Steps Per Unit. A step is a
measurement length as defined in the
hardware manual for the device at your
installation. The value of nnn should be
step-size*nnn=one unit. For example, to
define an inch as the unit if the plotter
step is .01 inches, use /SPU:100.
NOTE
Refer to the hardware owner's manual for the
plotter device at your installation before
entering a line in the SPFORM.INI file for the
plotter because there are many different types of
plotters.
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______________________________________________________________________
The form name in SPFORM.INI need not be the actual name of a physical
form; however, it is usually close to the type of form (such as normal
forms, narrow forms, and so forth). When an output request is made,
SPROUT compares the form name associated with the request with the
form name of the form currently mounted on the output device. If the
first four characters of the name are not the same, then the system
requests you to change the forms on the output device. If the first
four characters are the same, the system checks the switches
associated with the requested form name and uses those values when
processing the output job. (The number of characters that the system
uses to compare the form name can be changed by running GALGEN; the
default is four characters.)
For example, note the following SPFORM.INI file:
CDP NORMAL/HEADER/BANNER/TRAILER
CDP NORM01/HEADER/BANNER/TRAILER
CDP NORM02/HEADER/BANNER/TRAILER/NOTE:SPECIAL
Suppose that NORM01 forms are currently mounted on the card punch and
a user makes a card punch request that requires NORM02 forms. SPROUT
compares the first four characters of the requested form name (NORM02)
with the first four characters of the form name for the form that is
currently mounted in the card punch (NORM01). Because they are the
same, SPROUT takes the switch values associated with NORM01 and
applies them to the user's punch request. Therefore, the SPFORM.INI
file should have a unique name for each type of form.
Each line in SPFORM.INI can also contain a locator field that
specifies the location of the output device. The locator ALL (the
default) refers to all of the devices as specified by the device type.
The REMOTE locator applies only if your installation has TOPS-10
ANF-10 network software.
Occasionally, SPROUT may encounter errors while processing the
SPFORM.INI file. For example, it may not be able to find a form type,
or to make a match based on form type and device. If this happens,
SPROUT displays an error message and gives you the option to proceed
with the job, or to requeue it.
7.13.3 Starting Output Devices
Normally, the SYSTEM.CMD file starts a defined number of output
devices at system startup. However, you might have to start an output
device when a user requests output from the device. If you do not set
any parameters for the device, the device uses the default parameters
set by your system manager with GALGEN.
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To start an output device, use the START command. You can start one
output device at a time or a range of devices.
----- Example -----
Issue the START CARD-PUNCH command to start up card punch 0.
OPR>START CARD-PUNCH 0 <RET>
OPR>
10:23:21 Card-punch 0 -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
10:23:25 Card-punch 0 -- Started --
OPR>
7.13.4 Stopping Output Devices
To stop one or more output devices, use the STOP command. This
temporarily stops an output device from processing its current job.
You must use the CONTINUE command to resume the output to the device.
The STOP command has three optional arguments. They are:
o AFTER CURRENT-REQUEST
o AFTER EVERY-REQUEST
o IMMEDIATELY
The IMMEDIATELY argument is the default argument of the STOP command.
See the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference Manual for a
complete description of these arguments.
----- Example -----
Stop the current job on card punch 0 temporarily to load more card
forms and empty its hopper.
OPR>STOP CARD-PUNCH 0 <RET>
OPR>
18:24:09 Card-punch 0 -- STOP command queued --
OPR>
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.13.5 Continuing Output Devices
Use the CONTINUE command to continue processing a request that was
temporarily stopped with the STOP command.
----- Example -----
After stopping the card punch to load more cards and empty the hopper,
continue the output of the current punch job.
OPR>CONTINUE CARD-PUNCH 0 <RET>
OPR>
18:35:41 Card-punch 0 -- Continued --
OPR>
7.13.6 Shutting Down Output Devices
To shut down the scheduling of output requests on an output device or
a range of output devices, use the SHUTDOWN command. If an output
request is currently being processed on the device, the request will
be completed before the output device is shutdown.
To stop the scheduling of jobs on the output device, use the SHUTDOWN
command.
----- Example -----
Shut down paper tape punch 0 while a request is still being output on
it.
OPR>SHUTDOWN PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH 0 <RET>
OPR>
19:21:03 Papertape 0 -- Shutdown Scheduled --
OPR>
When the request on the paper tape punch has completed being output,
the following message appears:
OPR>
19:23:55 Papertape 0 -- Shutdown --
OPR>
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.13.7 Displaying Output Device Parameters
You can display the current output device parameters with the SHOW
PARAMETERS command, where device can be:
o CARD-PUNCH unit-number
o PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH unit-number
o PLOTTER unit-number
If you do not specify a unit number with the device name, the SHOW
command defaults to all units of the device that you specified.
The output from the SHOW PARAMETERS device command displays the
following for each of the three devices listed above:
o The unit number for the output device
o The output limits for the output device
o The type of forms for the output device
o The priority range for the output device
o The limit-exceeded-action for the output device
o The character device type for the output device
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW PARAMETERS PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH command to display the
parameters of paper-tape punch 0 on the system.
OPR>SHOW PARAMETERS PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH <RET>
OPR>
13:09:42 -- System Device Parameters --
Papertape Parameters:
Unit Min:Max Unit Form Prio Lim-Ex Dev-Chars
---- ------------ ------ ----- ------ ---------
0 1:500 NORMAL 1:63 Ask
OPR>
7.13.8 Displaying Output Device Status
You can display the status of an output device or a range of output
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
devices with the SHOW STATUS device command. If you do not specify a
unit number or a range of unit numbers, the command displays
information for all the specified types of devices on the system.
The output from the SHOW STATUS device command displays the following
for each device:
o The unit number of the output device
o The current status of the output device
o The job name currently active on the output device
o The request-id number of the job
o The name and PPN of the user who made the output request
If the output device is not active, the word "Idle" appears in the
Status column with no job name, request-id, or user name. If none of
the devices are active, only the unit number and status appears in the
display.
If an output device is active, the output also shows the time that the
output request started and the number of units output so far. If you
do not need this information with the display of the SHOW STATUS
device command, specify the /SHORT switch.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW STATUS CARD-PUNCH command to display the current status
of card punch 0 on the system.
OPR>SHOW STATUS CARD-PUNCH 0 <RET>
OPR>
13:51:39 -- System Device Status --
Card-Punch Status:
Unit Status Jobname Req# User
---- --------------- ------- ---- ------------------------
0 Active PUNCH9 137 HEISER [2,175]
Started at 13:35:23, punched 687 of 2000 cards
OPR>
7.14 CONTROLLING JOBS ON OUTPUT DEVICES
You can control any spooled output request, including those generated
by batch job processing. OPR commands enable you to do the following
to control jobs on the card punch, paper tape punch, or plotter:
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o Examine the queues
o Prevent output requests from processing
o Release previously held requests
o Cancel a job currently processing
o Cancel a job currently processing, and requeue to process at
another time
o Change the priority of an output request
o Delete output requests
7.14.1 Examining the Queues
When a user issues a request to an output device, the request is
placed in a queue where it waits for selection by the system for
processing. To examine the queues for output jobs, use the OPR
command SHOW QUEUES.
The SHOW QUEUES command displays the following information:
o The name of the output job
o The request-id number of the output job
o The output limit of the job
o The name of the user who requested the output
These four columns of the display appear whether the job is active
(currently being processed) or inactive (not being processed).
In addition to the above, if the output is active on the device, the
display shows the device unit number on which the job is being
processed, the time that the output job started, and the total number
of cards or units processed so far.
The SHOW QUEUES has optional switches, /ALL and /SHORT. The /ALL
switch causes a display of all output jobs in the queue with their
appropriate column headers and any additional switches that were
specified when the user requested the output. If the user did not
specify switches, the /ALL switch displays the default values of those
switches. In addition, the /ALL switch displays any special
characteristics of the output job, such as HOLD. The /SHORT switch
displays only the job name, the request number, the scheduled run
time, and the user name. The /SHORT switch does not display column
headers or switches.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
NOTE
The asterisk (*) before the job name column (see
examples) indicates that the job is currently being
processed.
----- Examples -----
1. Use the SHOW QUEUES PLOTTER-JOBS command with the /ALL switch
to display the plotter jobs in the queue with all their
switches.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES PLOTTER-JOBS /ALL <RET>
OPR>
10:49:07 -- System Queues Listing --
Plotter Queue:
Job Name Req# Limit User
-------- ---- ----- ------------------------
* GRAPH 17 100 OPERATOR [1,2] On Unit:0 /Seq:3320
Started at 10:47, plotted 25 of 100 units
MF20 19 200 P.TAYLOR [10,2715] /Unit:0
/Seq:3341
MF21 27 590 P.TAYLOR [10,2715] /Unit:0
/Seq:3349
MF22 31 300 P.TAYLOR [10,2715] /Unit:0
/Seq:3355
There are 4 jobs in the queue (1 in progress)
OPR>
2. Use the SHOW QUEUES PLOTTER-JOBS command with the /SHORT
switch.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES PLOTTER-JOBS /SHORT <RET>
OPR>
10:49:07 -- System Queues Listing --
Plotter Queue:
* GRAPH 17 100 OPERATOR [1,2]
MF20 19 200 P.TAYLOR [10,2715]
MF21 27 590 P.TAYLOR [10,2715]
MF22 31 300 P.TAYLOR [10,2715]
OPR>
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
7.14.2 Holding Jobs
To prevent output requests from being processed, use the HOLD command.
The HOLD command prevents current jobs in the queue from processing.
Any output requests queued after the HOLD command has been issued are
not held and are processed when the device becomes available. You
must specify one of the following with this command:
o The request-id number, to hold a single output job
o The PPN for a particular user, to hold all output requests
queued by that user
o An asterisk (*), to hold all output requeusts queued by all
users
Use the RELEASE command to allow a held job to start again.
NOTE
You cannot HOLD an output job that is currently
active.
----- Example -----
Use the HOLD CARD-PUNCH-JOBS command to hold all card punch requests
for user BROWN, whose PPN is [27,5107].
OPR>HOLD CARD-PUNCH-JOBS [27,5107] <RET>
OPR>
09:01:54 -- 3 Jobs Held --
OPR>
7.14.3 Releasing Jobs
Use the RELEASE command to release an output job that has been
previously held with the HOLD command. To specify the request you
want to release, supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to release one request
o A user name to release all requests for that user
o An asterisk (*) to release all requests for the same device
type
The RELEASE command reschedules the requests to be processed.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
NOTE
You must have one or more output devices started or in
the Idle state to get an output request processed.
----- Example -----
Use the RELEASE command to reschedule all output requests that were
previously held on the card punch.
OPR>RELEASE CARD-PUNCH-JOBS * <RET>
OPR>
10:38:09 -- 3 Jobs Released --
OPR>
7.14.4 Canceling Jobs
Occasionally, you may have to cancel an output job while it is
processing on a device. To cancel an output job that is processing,
use the ABORT command. Supply the device unit number and one of the
following switches:
o /PURGE
o /REASON
The /PURGE switch flushes the entire request from the system when it
is canceled. There are no trailer units processed when the job is
purged.
The /REASON switch allows you to enter one or more lines of text to
explain why the output request was canceled.
----- Example -----
Use the ABORT command to cancel an output job because a user had
requested that you do so.
OPR>ABORT PLOTTER 0/REASON:USER-REQUEST<RET>
OPR>
11:40:09 Plotter 0 -- ABORT command queued --
OPR>
11:40:21 Plotter 0 -- End --
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>
7.14.5 Requeuing Jobs
Occasionally, you may want to cancel an output job that is currently
being processed, and reschedule the same job to be processed later.
Use the REQUEUE command to hold the output request and abort its
current output.
For example, you might want to REQUEUE an output request that requires
more forms (cards, paper tape, or plotter paper) than are currently
available at your site. Thus, you REQUEUE the request to be processed
when the forms become available.
----- Example -----
Use the REQUEUE command to hold and cancel an output request that
requires four hours to punch.
OPR>REQUEUE CARD-PUNCH 0 /REASON: <RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
JOB REQUIRES FOUR HOURS TO PUNCH. <RET>
JOB WILL BE RELEASED FOR PUNCH ON 2ND SHIFT. ^Z
OPR>
13:21:03 Card-punch 0 -- REQUEUE command queued --
OPR>
13:21:25 Card-punch 0 -- End- -
OPR>
7.14.6 Modifying Requests
To change the priority of an output request in the queue, use the
MODIFY device-REQUEST command, where device can be CARD-PUNCH,
PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH, or PLOTTER. To specify the request you want to
MODIFY, supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to modify one request
o A user name to modify all requests for that user
o An asterisk (*) to modify all requests in the queue
You must specify a new PRIORITY number from 1 to 63. The higher the
number, the greater the priority.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
----- Example -----
Use the MODIFY command to change the priority of
PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH-REQUEST number from 135 to 63. This causes the
request to be the next one processed.
OPR>MODIFY PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH-REQUEST 135 PRIORITY 63 <RET>
OPR>
08:51:21 -- 1 Job Modified --
OPR>
7.14.7 Deleting Requests
To delete an output request from the queue, use the CANCEL
device-REQUEST command, where device can be CARD-PUNCH,
PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH, or PLOTTER. To specify the request you want to
delete, supply one of the following:
o A single request-id number to delete one request
o A user name to delete all requests for that user
o An asterisk (*) to delete all requests for the specified
device type
If you CANCEL an output request that is active, the output is
immediately terminated.
----- Example -----
Use the CANCEL command to CANCEL output request 186 from the card
punch output queue.
OPR>CANCEL CARD-PUNCH-REQUEST 186 <RET>
OPR>
10:25:11 -- 1 Job Canceled --
OPR>
7.14.8 Specifying the NEXT Job
You can force an output queue to schedule a particular request to be
processed immediately by using the NEXT command with CARD-PUNCH,
PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH, or PLOTTER as the keyword. This command starts
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
processing the request immediately after the current request is
finished. The NEXT command does not alter the sequence of other
requests in the queue.
----- Example -----
A user (MORRILL) requests that his plotter job be moved to the top of
the queue to be processed when a plotter is available. You must
examine the plotter queue to obtain the request-identification number
for his request. Then you use the NEXT command to place his request
next in the queue.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES PLOTTER<RET>
OPR>
11:35:43 -- System Queues Listing --
Plotter Queue:
Job Name Req Limit User
-------- ------ ------- --------------------------------
* GRAPH 14 200 KOVALCIN, D [10,4635] On Unit:0
Started at 11:30:44, plotted 20 of 100 units
MF10 145 35 MAROTTA, M [27,5555]
SNOOPY 10 65 MORRILL [442,2520]
/After:29-MAY-88 12:00
There are 3 jobs in the queue (1 in progress)
OPR>NEXT PLOTTER 0 REQUEST-ID 10<RET>
OPR>
11:36:17 Plotter 0 -- NEXT request #10 scheduled --
OPR>
7.15 GALAXY CRASH RECOVERY PROCEDURES
GALAXY programs may stop performing useful work for one of the reasons
listed below. When a program stops performing, it is said to have
"crashed." This section describes how you can recover from a GALAXY
program crash.
Reasons for program crashes are:
o A monitor call (UUO) takes the error return and a stopcode
occurs.
o An error is detected by the built-in consistency checks
within the various components of GALAXY and a stopcode
occurs.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
o An undetected error eventually causes an illegal memory
reference or an address check and a stopcode occurs.
o A hung device condition causes the monitor to halt the
program or, if the program is detached, to put the program
into 'TO' (Terminal Output) state. The hung condition
usually indicates that a device has hardware problems, the
device controller is not functioning, or the CPU failed and
the failure was trapped by PULSAR.
o A component goes into Event-Wait (EW) state for an extended
length of time waiting for an event that is not likely to
occur. In this case, the program hangs in the UUO.
You should take one of the following steps if a GALAXY component
(program) crashes. Step 1 applies to a stopcode error. Step 2
applies to a hardware error, and Step 3 applies to a software error.
1. Attach to the crashed job, and save the crash in DSK:[3,3] as
xxxyyy.zzz, where:
xxx - indicates an abbreviated name of the component, such as
BAT for BATCON, or QSR for QUASAR
yyy - indicates the 3-character stopcode name
.zzz - indicates a 3-digit number (file extension) to
distinguish this file from others.
You must assign the entire six-character file name and
three-character file extension. Your installation should
maintain some form of crash recording method to establish the
naming convention.
After you have saved the crash, restart the component that
stopped, and detach the job.
2. Determine which device caused the monitor to terminate the
program. This can usually be found by checking on the CTY
for a ?HUNG DEVICE xxxx message. The xxxx should contain the
device. If the CPU is hung, the CTY message is ?CPU FAILED
FOR DEVICE xxxx. Next, run OPR and shut the device down
(SHUTDOWN command). A hung device error usually indicates a
hardware problem. Then restart the component, and detach the
job.
3. Check to make sure that ACTDAE is running. If not, perform
the ACTDAE crash recovery procedure described in Table 7-5
below, before continuing. Attach to the component, press
<CTRL/C>, restart the component, and detach the job.
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
Table 7-5: GALAXY Component Crash Recovery Procedures
______________________________________________________________________
Component Recovery
______________________________________________________________________
ACTDAE If ACTDAE crashes, it can be restarted. However,
the restart may leave some users' jobs hung in
Event-Wait (EW) state. This happens because
messages queued up for ACTDAE will be lost during
the restart. Users will not be able to log in and
log out while ACTDAE is down. LPTSPL, SPROUT,
SPRINT, and QUEUE will hang in Event-Wait state.
Restarting ACTDAE may necessitate restarting other
GALAXY programs to restore full operational
capability. After restarting GALAXY programs,
process ACTDAE crashes using Recovery Step 1
described previously. (ACTDAE tasks are described
in Chapters 8 and 9.)
BATCON If BATCON crashes, first display the batch stream
status from OPR. For all active batch streams,
attach to the job that is running in that stream and
log it out. Logging the jobs out will not delete
the queue request. The batch job will be restarted
when BATCON is restarted. When all active batch
jobs have been logged out, attach to BATCON and
follow Step 1 described previously.
CDRIVE If CDRIVE crashes, all jobs currently being read
into card readers will be lost and will have to be
restarted. Restart CDRIVE and detach the job.
LPTSPL If LPTSPL crashes, it will automatically restart the
jobs that were being processed at the time of the
crash, from the page number recorded in the last
checkpoint. Follow one of the recovery steps
described previously, restart LPTSPL, and detach the
job.
OPR If OPR crashes, follow Step 1 of the recovery
procedures listed previously and restart OPR
(.R OPR). Be sure to start OPR in the same job slot
(that is, the same job number), if you are
restarting OPR without restarting ORION. Do not log
out the job that OPR was running in. Merely attach
to the job, halt it (press <CTRL/C> twice) then type
the monitor command START.
ORION If ORION crashes, it should be restarted in the same
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GALAXY SOFTWARE TASKS
job slot (that is, it must have the same job
number). If DECnet is running, log out the Network
Management Listener (NML). ORION will restart it.
All OPR programs that were running at the time will
automatically reset the OPR/ORION link with the
first command typed to OPR. The first command that
reestablishes the OPR/ORION link will be lost. Any
DN60 Termination remote stations should be shut down
and restarted. (Refer to the TOPS-10 IBM
Emulation/Termination Manual for more information.)
Then follow recovery Step 1 described previously.
PULSAR If PULSAR crashes, users accessing MDA-controlled
tape drives and structures (devices that were
INITIALIZED and AVAILABLE, see Chapter 9) find that
their jobs have entered Event-Wait (EW) state. This
happens because messages queued up for PULSAR are
lost. These user jobs remain in this state after
you restart PULSAR because the restarted PULSAR does
not recognize any requests made before the crash.
Users will have to press <CTRL/C> to the MOUNT
command, DEALLOCATE the tape drive or structure, and
MOUNT it again, if appropriate. You should then
follow Recovery Step 1 described previously.
QUASAR If QUASAR crashes, user requests for
mounts/dismounts involving devices AVAILABLE to the
mountable-device allocation system will be lost. In
addition, programs using the QUEUE. UUO to interface
with QUASAR will hang in Event-Wait (EW) state.
To restart QUASAR, first determine which batch jobs
were running at the time of the crash, attach to
them, and log them out. Then attach to LPTSPL,
BATCON, CDRIVE, SPRINT, PULSAR, ORION, NEBULA and
SPROUT, press <CTRL/C> to each of them, and log them
out. QUASAR crashes should be processed using
Recovery Step 1 described previously. Now restart
QUASAR.
SPRINT If SPRINT crashes, it can be restarted without loss
of data. Follow one of the recovery steps described
previously, restart SPRINT, and detach the job.
SPROUT If SPROUT crashes, all jobs currently being
processed are restarted from the beginning of the
current file. Follow one of the recovery steps
described previously, restart SPROUT, and detach the
job.
______________________________________________________________________
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CHAPTER 8
SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
This chapter describes the operating tasks that most installations
consider standard (or scheduled). You may be expected to perform some
of these tasks daily or weekly.
8.1 UPDATING THE MESSAGE OF THE DAY
The file SYS:NOTICE.TXT contains messages that are transmitted to
users as they log in. These messages, normally preceded by the date
on which they first appear, are usually brief and contain important
system information. For example, a message may specify the hours that
the system will be operating, the date when the disks will be
refreshed, or mention new system programs.
You can change NOTICE.TXT during the day to warn users of problems on
the system, to notify them of your intention to stop timesharing, or
to direct users to a more lengthy file for additional information.
However, you must be familiar with a text editor to do this.
To change, add, or delete a message in the file NOTICE.TXT, you can
log in under [1,2] and run a text editing program such as TECO.
(Refer to Introduction to TECO and the TECO Reference Manual.)
----- Example -----
In the following example, the operator wants to add a message on April
12th and delete a 3-line message dated March 18th. Remember, this is
only an example. You type everything that is underscored in the
following example:
.R TECO <RET> Run TECO and specify that file
*EBSYS:NOTICE.TXT$EY$$ SYS:NOTICE.TXT is to be updated.
ESCape prints as $.
*IAPR 12 THIS IS AN EXAMPLE <RET> The I command inserts into the file
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SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
OF A 2-LINE MESSAGE. <RET> everything following it up to the
first ESCape. If the I command is
your first command to TECO, then
TECO makes the insertion at the
beginning of the file. You should
always insert new messages at the
beginning of NOTICE.TXT.
$$ Press the ESCape key twice to end
the insertion.
*SMAR 18$0L3K$$ The S command searches for the text
"MAR 18", which uniquely identifies
the old message, and deletes that
line plus the next two lines.
*EX$$ This command string causes a new
. NOTICE.TXT to be filed and the old
version to be saved as NOTICE.BAK,
and causes you to exit from TECO
and return to monitor level.
8.2 UPDATING THE ACCOUNTING FILE WITH REACT
The REACT program maintains the system authorization file
(SYS:ACTDAE.ACT). It enables you to add, delete, and change user's
LOGIN accounts.
CAUTION
Do not attempt to update the accounting file unless
you are completely familiar with the REACT program.
This program has no safeguards; therefore, a mistake
can have serious consequences.
Please see the TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide, for complete
information about REACT.
8.3 CONTROLLING USAGE ACCOUNTING
Usage accounting provides a method for collecting accounting
information such as CPU time, spooled requests, and disk space used,
by storing this information in the ACT:USAGE.OUT file. Usage
accounting is enabled when you bring your system up and remains
enabled. You cannot turn the usage accounting facility off. Refer to
the TOPS-10/20 USAGE File Specification for more complete information.
The OPR command, SET USAGE, allows you to write usage accounting
8-2
SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
information to the ACT:USAGE.OUT file from a temporary file. There
are two methods that can be used to do this with the SET USAGE
command.
1. Specify the BILLING-CLOSURE keyword with a time argument
(hh:mm).
2. Specify the FILE-CLOSURE keyword with one of the following
arguments:
o hh:mm (hours and minutes)
o DAILY hh:mm
o EVERY day hh:mm (where day is the name of a day in the
week)
o NOW
o mm-dd-yy hh:mm (where mm is the numeric month, dd is the
numeric day, and yy is the numeric year)
o /NO-SESSION-ENTRIES
Refer to the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference Manual for
a complete description of the above keywords, arguments, and switch.
Normally, the SET USAGE command is contained in your SYS:SYSTEM.CMD
file. Your system manager may have set up an accounting billing rate
for prime time users (for example, from 08:00 to 18:00) and for
off-prime time users (for example, from 19:00 to 07:00). There may
also be another accounting billing rate for weekend users.
WARNING
Consult with your system manager before you use the
SET USAGE command because this command changes time
parameters within the accounting database.
When you use the SET USAGE command, either through the
SYSTEM.CMD file or through the OPR terminal, the
command remains in effect indefinitely. You cannot
cancel or clear the SET USAGE command after it has
executed.
----- Example -----
On January 20, 1988, you use the SET USAGE command to cause file
closure every Friday at 4:00 P.M. (16:00 hours).
OPR>SET USAGE FILE-CLOSURE EVERY FRIDAY 16:00 <RET>
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SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>
14:47:25 -- Will close usage file at 24-Jan-88 16:00:00 --
OPR>
On 24-Jan-88 and every Friday thereafter, the following message
appears at 4:00 P.M.:
OPR>
16:00:01 -- Message from the Accounting System --
ACT.USAGE.OUT closed and renamed to yymmdd.hhx
OPR>
The "yymmdd.hhx" in the above message specifies a numeric filename and
file extension in the format of year, month, day, hour, and sequence.
8.4 MAINTAINING SYSTEM CATALOG FILES
The CATALOG application in OPR enables you to maintain the system
catalogs and the information contained in those files. CATALOG's
functions include:
o Creating, changing, and deleting catalog entries
o Enabling and disabling automatic catalog updates
o Listing all volume-sets in a catalog file
The system catalog files contain information that is necessary for
GALAXY to avoid deadlocks when multiple jobs request the same
mountable device (disk or magnetic tape).
To enter CATALOG command level use the OPR command, ENTER, as follows:
OPR>ENTER CATALOG<RET>
CATALOG>
After you enter the CATALOG command subset, you can type a question
mark (?) to display a list of the CATALOG commands. See the TOPS-10
Operator's Command Language Reference Manual for more information
about CATALOG commands.
8.5 SAVING ACCOUNTING FILES
On a regular basis, you should save the system accounting files, which
contain all the data necessary to compute user charges. To save the
accounting files, all other system jobs must be logged off with only
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SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
one [1,2] job left. Save the accounting files on both a magnetic tape
and a private disk pack. These files are used by billing programs to
produce computer usage bills. To save accounting files, type
everything that is underscored in the following dialog:
.RENAME mmddyy.FCT[1,2]=FACT.*[1,4] <RET>
Rename the accounting files from SYS:
to [1,2].
.MOUNT xxx <RET> Mount the private pack xxx.
.R PIP <RET>
*xxx:[PPN]/X/B=mmddyy.FCT[1,2] <RET>
Run the PIP program to transfer the
accounting files to the area [PPN] on
the private pack, xxx.
.MOUNT MT:/SCRATCH<RET> And mount a scratch tape on it.
.R BACKUP <RET> Run the BACKUP program.
/TAPE MT: <RET> Identifies logical tape MT.
/REWIND <RET> Rewind to the beginning of the tape.
/SAVE [1,2]*.FCT <RET> Save all the files with the extension
.FCT in the [1,2] area.
!1,2 DSKB BACKUP prints the UFD as it begins to
save files from that area.
.
.
.
"Done The SAVE is complete.
8.6 SAVING GRIPE FILES
During timesharing, the user can run the GRIPE program. This program
allows the user to enter suggestions, complaints, or other comments,
which are then stored in disk files named CMPnnn.CMP on area [3,3].
These text files may be copied to another disk area, or printed on the
line printer.
8.7 RIDDING THE SYSTEM OF DETACHED JOBS
The following procedure eliminates detached jobs that have been
inactive for a long period of time. Such inactive jobs may be using
up job slots needed by users, however, this action should not be taken
without the instruction of your system manager.
1. Run SYSTAT at different times, to determine the inactive jobs
that must be eliminated.
2. Attach to the inactive jobs from a TTY at which you are
logged in under [1,2], and attempt to log them off. To do
this, type everything that is underscored in the following
8-5
SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
dialog:
.ATTACH 5[40,111] <RET>
Attach to job 5, user [4,111].
From Job 2 Monitor response.
.<CTRL/C> Type <CTRL/C> to return to the monitor.
.K/F <RET> Log out the job.
3. Make a note on the SYSTAT output concerning the action taken
and file the SYSTAT in the System Logbook.
If the user is over quota or if his job has eternal ENQ. locks set,
you will be unable to log out the job. In that case, perform the
following steps:
1. Type everything that is underscored in the following dialog:
.<CTRL/C> Type <CTRL/C> to return to the monitor.
.DETACH <RET> Detach the job.
From Job 5 Monitor response.
2. Make a note on the SYSTAT that the job could not be logged
off and file the SYSTAT in the System Logbook.
The ATTACH command detaches your current job and attaches your
terminal to a detached job. To reattach your terminal to your
original job, make note of your job number before you use the ATTACH
command. After logging out or detaching the user's job, attach to
your original job by typing:
.ATTACH jobn [1,2]
Password: <RET>
Refer to the TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual for more
information about the monitor commands ATTACH and DETACH.
8.8 BACKING UP THE SYSTEM (DAILY)
At a scheduled time each day, you should run the BACKUP program to
save on magnetic tape all files that have been created or modified
since the same time the day before. This is called an incremental
save. (Refer to Appendix E for a complete discussion of BACKUP.)
You should file the log output of all BACKUP procedures in the System
Logbook. If files are lost during a system crash, you can refer to
the BACKUP logs to determine which magnetic tapes contain the files to
be restored. This assumes that you have set up some system of
externally labeling the magnetic tapes and that you enter
corresponding tape identification in the logs.
8-6
SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
To save all the files that have been created or modified since 6 PM
yesterday, type everything that is underscored in the following
dialog:
.MOUNT MT:/SCRATCH<RET> Mount a tape for the BACKUP program.
.R BACKUP <RET> Run the BACKUP program.
/TAPE MT: <RET> Identifies logical tape MT.
/REWIND <RET> Rewind to the beginning of the tape.
/MSINCE:YESTERDAY:18:00 <RET> Limit the SAVE to all files created or
modified since 6 PM yesterday.
/SAVE <RET> Save the files.
!1,2 DSKB BACKUP prints each UFD as it begins to
save files from that area.
.
.
.
"Done The SAVE is complete.
8.9 BACKING UP THE SYSTEM (WEEKLY)
Once a week, you should use the BACKUP program to save the entire
contents of the system disk structures on magnetic tape. This is
called a full save. Once you have saved the files, you can refresh
the disk structures. (Refer to the following section for information
on refreshing disk structures.) Then you can restore the files from
the tapes.
The following is an example of one way to save the contents of the
system disks. Perform the following steps:
1. Run OPR and use the SET KSYS command to stop timesharing.
.R OPR<RET>
OPR>SET KSYS +0:05<RET>
OPR>
2. When timesharing stops, type everything that is underscored
in the following dialog:
.MOUNT MT:/SCRATCH<RET>
Mount a tape for the BACKUP program.
.R BACKUP <RET> Run the BACKUP program.
/TAPE MT: <RET> Identifies logical tape MT.
/REWIND <RET> Rewind to the beginning of the tape.
/LIST DSK: <RET> Request a directory listing of disk.
/SAVE DSKB: <RET> Save system disk.
!1,2 DSKB BACKUP prints each UFD as it begins to
save files from that area.
.
.
8-7
SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
.
"Done The SAVE is complete.
3. Repeat Step 2 to save other system disks.
If the data overflows a reel of tape, you will receive the following
message:
[BKPAMD Asking MDA for next volume]
Replace the full tape with a new tape and type GO.
8.10 REFRESHING FILE STRUCTURES
Two reasons that you may want to refresh file structures are:
1. To free up lost disk space.
Lost disk space is space that was allocated to a user who was
unable to use it before the system crashed. When the system
came back up again, the space was still allocated. However,
because the owner did not close the file before the crash, no
one owns it. Therefore, it is lost.
2. To reorganize the disk.
Over time, the system files become fragmented as they are
used. Each of these fragments contain retrieval pointers.
Retrieval pointers not only take up space on the disk, but
the CPU wastes overhead time finding them.
When you save all files, refresh the disk, and restore the
files to the disk. The system consolidates the fragments and
removes the extra retrieval pointers. Therefore, the disk
contains the same files as before, but the files are better
organized.
There are two ways to refresh file structures:
1. Reload the monitor. (See Chapter 5).
2. Run the system executable file (usually SYSTEM.EXE).
Either of these methods starts the system startup dialog. For more
information refer to the ONCE dialog in the TOPS-10 Software
Installation Guide.
8-8
SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
8.11 ANALYZING SYSTEM FILE STRUCTURES WITH DSKLST
The DSKLST program compiles and prints an analysis of the contents and
the current status of the system file structures. It provides the
information with which you and the system administrator can do the
following:
o Analyze the efficiency of disk space usage.
o Detect and diagnose problem areas on disk.
o Determine when to refresh the various disk areas.
o Determine optimum cluster sizes for assigning and releasing
file storage space.
To run DSKLST while logged in under [1,2], type everything that is
underscored in the following dialog:
.ASSIGN DSK LPT <RET> Assign the disk to receive the DSKLST
output rather than the printer.
.R DSKLST <RET> Run the DSKLST program, which will
prompt with an asterisk.
FOR HELP TYPE /H
* <RET> Press RETURN to print all DSKLST output
for all structures.
*<CTRL/C> Type CTRL/C to return to the monitor.
.PRINT DSKLST.LST <RET> Queue the report to be printed.
If you include the above steps in a batch control file such as
DSKLST.CTL, you can submit the job to run under batch with the
command:
.SUBMIT DSKLST <RET>
Refer to the DSKLST Specification in the TOPS-10 Software Notebook Set
for more information on DSKLST.
8.12 OBTAINING DISK ERROR INFORMATION WITH DSKRAT
The DSKRAT program compiles and prints damage-assessment information
for disk file structures. It can also free up lost disk space. Lost
disk space is space that was allocated to a user who was unable to use
it before the system crashed. When the system came back up again, the
space was still allocated. However, because the owner did not close
the file before the crash, no one owns it. Therefore, it is lost.
To recover lost disk space, you must run DSKRAT standalone with the
SCHED bit set to 1. If no other jobs are running, DSKRAT will then
create a file called LSTBLK.nnn in the [1,2] area. After DSKRAT
8-9
SCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
exists to return all lost disk space to the free usage pool, you may
delete LSTBLK.nnn.
To run DSKRAT while logged in under [1,2], type everything that is
underscored in the following dialog:
.ASSIGN DSK LPT <RET> Assign printer output to the disk.
.ASSIGN str STR <RET> Assign the logical device name STR to
the file structure "str" that you are
analyzing.
.R DSKRAT <RET> Run the DSKRAT program.
.PRINT RAT.LST <RET> Queue the report to be printed.
If more than one structure is to be analyzed, repeat the last three
lines of this dialog using different "str"s.
To run this procedure under batch, include the above command sequence
in a file DSKRAT.CTL and submit it to batch with:
.SUBMIT DSKRAT.CTL <RET>
Refer to the DSKRAT Specification in the TOPS-10 Software Notebook Set
for more information on DSKRAT.
8-10
CHAPTER 9
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
The tasks in this chapter are considered unscheduled software tasks
because they are performed as needed. If any of these tasks should be
scheduled at your installation, decide upon a schedule for them with
your system manager.
9.1 CONTROLLING THE ORION LOG FILE
ORION maintains a log of all messages sent through it. ORION
timestamps and identifies the type of message and provides any
additional information available. This function of ORION is referred
to as a Centralized Logging Facility.
The ORION log file contains all OPR-to-ORION commands and transactions
performed at the operator's console. The following OPR commands
control this logging facility:
o ENABLE LOGGING
o DISABLE LOGGING
o CLOSE LOG
If your installation has ANF-10 network software, only an operator
with HOST or SYSTEM privileges can issue any of the above OPR
commands.
The Centralized Logging Facility is on by default at system start-up,
but can be disabled by placing the DISABLE LOGGING command in the
SYSTEM.CMD file, or by using this command at OPR command level.
To enable the Centralized Logging Facility again, use the ENABLE
LOGGING command at OPR command level, or place this command in the
SYSTEM.CMD file.
The CLOSE LOG command closes the current log file and automatically
9-1
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
creates a new one. When the CLOSE LOG command is issued, the log file
is closed and renamed to OPERAT.nnn. The file extension of closed log
files is numbered sequentially starting from 001. You can then print
the log file on the line printer to obtain a hard copy of all the
ORION messages for a given time period.
The CLOSE LOG command also enables you to include date and arguments
that specify a future time to close the log file. Use the SHOW QUEUES
EVENTS command to display pending ORION log file closure times.
The name of the log file is determined when your system manager runs
GALGEN. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for the
GALGEN procedures.) The default file name is OPERAT.nnn.
----- Examples -----
1. Disable the logging facility for a period of time while the
system is operating stand-alone.
OPR>DISABLE LOGGING <RET>
OPR>
08:52:12 -- ORION Logging Disabled by JOB 6 OPERATOR
[1,2] at terminal 14 --
OPR>
2. Close the current log file and automatically create a new log
file.
OPR>CLOSE LOG <RET>
OPR>
9.2 DUAL PATH ACCESS TO MAGTAPE
It is possible to share a string of TU70, 71, 72, or TU78/79 tape
drives between two systems. In the case of the TU70, 71, 72, a TX03
switch is installed in the TX01/02 controller. In the case of the
TU78/79s, the TM78/79 controller can be dual-ported between RH20s on
two separate systems, and A/B switch position is employed on the
drives similar to that used on Massbus disk drives.
9.3 INITIALIZING TAPES
Occasionally you may be asked to initialize and/or reinitialize a
magnetic tape. When you initialize a tape, the system writes specific
9-2
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
information on the tape pertaining to the identification of the tape.
When you initialize a tape specifying an ANSI or EBCDIC standard
label, the system writes the following information on the tape:
o A standard volume label that contains the volume
identification (volid) of the tape
o Standard header and trailer labels. Later, when a file is
written on the tape, these labels contain specific
information pertaining to the file.
To initialize one or more tapes, use the following OPR command:
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTxn: INITIALIZE /switch1,/switch2,...RET>
where x is the tape controller identification and n is the tape drive
number.
Table 9-1 describes the valid switches for the SET TAPE-DRIVE
INITIALIZE command:
Table 9-1: SET TAPE-DRIVE INITIALIZE Switches
______________________________________________________________________
Switch Meaning
______________________________________________________________________
/ABORT allows the operator to abort a
tape initialization in progress.
This resets the tape drive to a
"normal" state, making it
available for user mount
requests.
/COUNT:nn specifies the number (nn) of
tapes to be initialized. The
/COUNT switch, when specified,
provides a mechanism for
initialization of multiple tapes
with the same attributes. After
initialization, the tape is
automatically unloaded and the
tape drive is ready to accept the
next tape to initialize. When
the number of tapes specified by
nn has been initialized, the tape
drive returns to the available
state.
9-3
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
/DENSITY:nn specifies the density of the
tapes to be initialized. The
number (nn) can be 200, 556, 800,
1600, or 6250 BPI
(Bits-Per-Inch). If you do not
specify the /DENSITY switch, the
density defaults to the default
density for that drive.
/INCREMENT:nn specifies the numeric value (nn)
by which to increment the tape
volumes. This switch is valid
only when specified with the
/COUNT and /VOLUME-ID switches.
If you do not include this
switch, the default numeric value
is 1. For example, to initialize
a set of 10 tapes with volids
from 442000 through 442900, use
the switches /COUNT:10,
/INCREMENT:100, and
/VOLUME-ID:442000. Every tape
mounted on the tape drive is
initialized with the next
sequence number as specified by
the /INCREMENT switch.
/LABEL-TYPE:type specifies the type of label to be
written on the tape. The type
can be ANSI, EBCDIC, or
UNLABELED. The default label is
ANSI when you specify this
switch. If you do not specify
the /LABEL-TYPE switch, the
default is that specified in the
GALGEN dialog by the system
manager.
/OVERRIDE-EXPIRATION:YES or NO specifies whether to check for
expiration date of the data on
the tape. If you specify NO and
attempt to reinitialize a labeled
tape whose first file is not
expired, the system issues an
error message and does not
reinitialize the tape. If you
specify YES, each tape is
reinitialized unconditionally.
If you are initializing virgin
tapes, you should specify YES to
prevent the tape drive from
"running away" when PULSAR tries
9-4
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
to read a label from the tape.
If you do not specify this
switch, the default is YES.
/OWNER:[PPN] specifies the project-programmer
number of the user who owns the
tape(s) to be initialized. If
you do not specify the /OWNER
switch, the tape is initialized
with no owner and a protection of
000.
/PROTECTION:nnn specifies a 3-digit octal number
as the protection number of the
tape. The number ranges from 000
(where anyone can use the tape)
through 777 (where no one can use
the tape). If you do not specify
the /PROTECTION switch, the
default is the standard file
protection (usually 057).
However, if you omit the /OWNER
switch, then the protection is
set to 0. The protection code is
described in the TOPS-10
Operating System Commands Manual.
/TAPE-DISPOSITION:condition specifies what is to be done to
the tape after it is initialized.
The condition can be either HOLD
or UNLOAD. If you specify HOLD,
the tape is initialized and is
not unloaded. If you specify
UNLOAD, the tape is initialized
and is unloaded from the tape
drive. The default is UNLOAD.
If a value greater than 1 is
specified by the /COUNT switch,
the /TAPE-DISPOSITION switch
applies to the last tape
initialized.
/VOLUME-ID:volid specifies a volume identification
for the tape. The volid must be
from 1 to 6 characters. The
volid must be made up of
alphanumeric characters only.
This switch is not necessary if
the tape is being initialized as
an unlabeled tape.
______________________________________________________________________
9-5
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
When you use a tape drive for initializing tapes, the tape drive is
not available for user mount requests. When the initialization
process is complete, the tape drive automatically becomes available
for user mount requests. To force a tape drive out of initialize mode
prematurely, use /ABORT.
----- Examples -----
1. A user (JONES.J) has requested a tape mount of an ANSI labeled
tape with a volid of TAPE01 and has requested that you initialize
the tape first. The volume is initialized with ANSI labels and a
volid of TAPE01. The drive default for density (in this example,
1600 BPI) and protection (057) are used. When the tape is
mounted on the drive, the tape is initialized and the drive then
becomes available to the user (/TAPE-DISPOSITION:HOLD). Volume
recognition takes over and satisfies the mount request for
TAPE01.
OPR>
12:11:34 -- Magtape mount request #31 --
User: JONES.J [31,5723] Job# 39
Volume-set-name: MTA-DJ6YIH
Volume-ID Write Labels Track Density
--------- ------- ------ ----- -------
TAPE01 Enabled ANSI 9 1600
OPR>
Mount and ready the tape supplied by the user.
OPR>
9:04:38 Device MTA3 -- Unlabeled volume mounted --
Density 1600 BPI, write-Enabled
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTA3: INITIALIZE /LABEL-TYPE:ANSI- <RET>
/OWNER:[31,5723]/TAPE-DISPOSITION:HOLD/VOLUME-ID:TAPE01 <RET>
OPR>
9:05:12 Device MTA3 -- Volume initialized --
Volume Id:TAPE01, Label type:ANSI, Density:1600
Owner:[31,5723], Protection:057
OPR>
9:05:14 Device MTA3 -- Volume Initialization Complete --
Drive is available for use
OPR>
9:05:20 Device MTA3 -- Volume TAPE01 Reassigned --
User: JONES.J [31,5723] Job# 39
9-6
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>
2. You initialize two tapes with ANSI-standard labels.
OPR>REC MTA3:
OPR>
6:17:58 Device MTA3 -- Unlabeled volume mounted --
Density 1600 BPI, Write-Enabled
OPR>SET TAPE MTA3:INITIALIZE /COUNT:2 /DENSITY:1600 /INCREMENT:1 -
/LABEL-TYPE:ANSI /OVERRIDE-EXPIRATION:YES /OWNER:[10,56] -
/PROTECTION:057 /TAPE-DISPOSITION:UNLOAD /VOLUME-ID:TEST00<RET>
OPR>
6:18:43 Device MTA3 -- Volume initialized --
Volume Id:TEST00, Label type:ANSI, Density:1600
Owner:[10,56], Protection:057
6:18:44 <6> Device MTA3 -- Please load next tape to be initialized --
Its volume identifier will be TEST01
Type 'RESPOND <number> ABORT' to terminate this operation
Type 'RESPOND <number> PROCEED' after completing requested operation
Mount and ready the next tape.
OPR>
6:19:20 --Message 6 canceled by user [1,2] job 8--
6:19:22 Device MTA3 -- Volume initialized --
Volume Id:TEST01, Label type:ANSI, Density:1600
Owner:[10,56], Protection:057
6:19:23 Device MTA3 -- Volume initialization complete --
Drive is available for use
6:19:23 Device MTA3 -- Offline --
9.4 HANDLING MAGTAPE MOUNT REQUESTS
There are two types of tapes you may be requested to mount: labeled
tapes and unlabeled tapes. The differences in handling the two types
of tape requests are explained in the following sections. The user
must issue a MOUNT command to request that a tape be mounted. When
the system receives this request, OPR prints the following message:
hh:mm:ss -- Magtape mount request #nn --
User: username [PPN] Job# nn
Volume-set-name: name
Volume-id Write Labels Track Density
--------- ------- ------ ----- -------
9-7
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
(tape conditions)
where:
hh:mm:ss specifies the time the operator received the
message.
request #nn specifies the request-id number assigned to the
mount request.
username specifies the name of the user who issued the
MOUNT command.
[PPN] specifies the user's project-programmer number.
Job# nn specifies the job number assigned to the user upon
logging onto the system.
Volume-set-name: name
specifies the volume set name the user assigned in
his MOUNT command.
Volume-id specifies the volid of the tape. The user assigns
this volid with the /REELID switch in the MOUNT
command.
Write specifies whether the tape is Enabled
(write-enabled) or Locked (write-locked).
Labels specifies the type of label, either ANSI, EBCDIC,
NO (for no labels), or BYPASS (to bypass label
processing).
Track specifies the tape tracks, either 7 or 9.
Density specifies the tape density in Bits-Per-Inch (BPI).
The densities can be either 200, 556, 800, 1600,
or 6250.
If the user includes a remark with the /REMARK switch in the MOUNT
command, you can display the remark when you use the SHOW QUEUES
MOUNT-REQUESTS command with the /ALL switch.
9.4.1 Displaying Tape Drive Status
If you need to find out the status of one or all of the tape drives on
your system, use the following OPR command:
OPR>SHOW STATUS TAPE-DRIVE MTxn: /switch <RET>
9-8
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
where MTxn is optional, and identifies the tape controller and the
tape drive.
Instead of specifying a magnetic tape unit number you can use one of
the following switches:
Switch Meaning
/ALL displays the status of all the tape drives on the
system. This switch causes the system to print the
following information:
o The unit number of the tape drive (MTxnnn:)
o The number of tracks (7 or 9) that the drive is
set to read and write.
o The current status of the tape drive (Free,
Online, or Unavailable)
o The status of AVR (Automatic Volume Recognition)
on the tape drive (Yes = Enabled or No = Disabled)
o The write mode of the tape (Enabled or Locked)
o The volume identification of the tape on the drive
o The job number of the user who has the tape
assigned to his job.
o The name and PPN of the user who has the tape
assigned to his job.
/FREE displays the tape drives that are available (Free) to
you for mounting tapes. With this switch, the display
shows the drive unit number, the status, and whether
AVR is enabled or not.
If you do not give a physical device or one of the above switches, the
display defaults to the /ALL switch.
----- Examples -----
1. Use the SHOW STATUS TAPE-DRIVE command.
OPR>SHOW STATUS TAPE-DRIVE<RET>
OPR>
10:14:28 -- Tape Drive Status --
9-9
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
Drive Trk Status AVR Write Volume Job User
------ --- ----------- --- ------- ------ --- ------------------
MTA0 9 Free Yes
MTA1 9 Free Yes
MTA2 9 Online Yes Enabled TEST01 185 BROWN.E [27,5107]
MTA3 9 Unavailable No
MTA4 9 Online Yes Locked PIPTAP 235 RON LUSK [30,5524]
MTA5 7 Free Yes
OPR>
2. Use the SHOW STATUS TAPE-DRIVE command with the /FREE switch.
OPR>SHOW STATUS TAPE-DRIVE /FREE <RET>
OPR>
10:18:45 -- Tape Drive Status --
Drive Trk Status AVR
------ --- ----------- ---
MTA0 9 Free Yes
MTA1 9 Free Yes
MTA5 7 Free Yes
OPR>
9.4.2 Controlling Tape Drive Volume Recognition (AVR)
Volume recognition allows you to mount a labeled tape without telling
the system the volume identification of the tape. When you mount a
labeled tape on a drive that has volume recognition enabled, PULSAR
automatically reads the volume identifier from the volume label.
If your system is using labeled tapes, then it is likely that volume
recognition has been enabled. Volume recognition is enabled by
default. If you need to disable volume recognition for one or all
tape drives, use the following OPR command:
OPR>DISABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION argument <RET>
where the argument can be:
MTxn: (for a specific tape drive)
or
TAPE-DRIVES (for all tape drives)
9-10
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
One reason for disabling volume recognition on a tape drive is to
avoid runaway tapes when you are initializing tapes. When you disable
volume recognition, OPR prints the following message confirming that
volume recognition has been disabled:
hh:mm:ss Device MTxn -- Volume Recognition is Disabled --
In addition, you can check the status of the tape drive with the OPR
command SHOW STATUS TAPE-DRIVE /ALL.
You can enable volume recognition for one or more of the tape drives
on your system by using the following OPR command:
OPR>ENABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION argument <RET>
----- Example -----
Disable volume recognition for tape drive 0 (MTA0:).
OPR>DISABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION MTA0: <RET>
OPR>
12:23:45 Device MTA0 -- Volume Recognition is Disabled --
OPR>
9.4.3 Handling Labeled Tapes with AVR Enabled
When a user issues a MOUNT command for a labeled tape, you receive a
message similiar to the following:
OPR>
10:15:43 -- Magtape mount request #12 --
User: BROWN.E [27,5107] Job# 59
Volume-set-name: MTA-GY31OL
Volume-ID Write Labels Track Density
--------- ------- ------ ----- -------
100200 Locked ANSI 9 1600
OPR>
If the user has not already given you the tape, you must mount the
tape on a drive that has volume recognition enabled. When the tape is
brought on line, PULSAR automatically reads the label and prints a
message similar to the following on your terminal:
OPR>
10:15:43 Device MTA0 -- Labeled Volume Mounted --
9-11
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
Density 1600 BPI, Write-Locked ANSI Label
OPR>
10:15:45 Device MTA0 -- Volume 100200 Reassigned --
User: BROWN.E [27,5107] Job# 59
OPR>
When finished using the tape drive, the user issues a DISMOUNT command
to release the tape drive. When this command is given, the system
prints a message similar to the following on your terminal:
OPR>
11:20:33 Device MTA0 -- Released --
User: BROWN.E [27,5107] Job# 59
OPR>
9.4.4 Handling Labeled Tapes with AVR Disabled
When a user issues a MOUNT command, you see the same mount request as
explained in Section 9.4.3. However, because volume recognition is
disabled, PULSAR does not automatically read the label. Therefore,
you must use the OPR command RECOGNIZE to inform QUASAR of the label
information.
For example, a user requests a labeled tape whose volid is 112233 to
be mounted on a tape drive. You mount the tape on a tape drive that
has volume recognition disabled, for example, MTA0:. After you bring
the tape on line, use the following command:
OPR>RECOGNIZE MTA0: <RET>
This command causes the labels on the tape to be read, and the tape to
be reassigned to the user request.
9.4.5 Handling Unlabeled Tapes
When a user requests that an unlabeled tape be mounted on a tape
drive, the mount request you see is the same as the ones in the
previous sections with the exception that the "label-type" is shown as
"No Labels." To assign the tape to a user, or to associate a volid
with the tape, use the OPR command IDENTIFY.
After you have mounted the tape on a free tape drive, use the IDENTIFY
command to associate the tape with the mount request. In addition,
you can use the IDENTIFY command to assign a volume identification
(volid) to the unlabeled tape.
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For example, a user requests that an unlabeled tape be mounted with a
volid of TEST01. When the mount request is processed, the system
prints the following message on your terminal:
OPR>
10:20:10 -- Magtape mount request #12 --
User: SMITH [10,5353] Job# 21
Volume-set-name: MTA-Y57HAB
Volume-ID Write Labels Track Density
--------- ------- ------ ----- -------
TEST01 Locked No 9 1600
OPR>
When you receive this request, locate and mount the tape on an
available tape drive and then use the IDENTIFY command in the
following formats.
OPR>IDENTIFY MTxn: VOLUME-ID TEST01 <RET>
OPR>IDENTIFY MTxn: REQUEST-ID 12 <RET>
where MTxn is the tape unit.
This procedure assumes that volume recognition is enabled. If volume
recognition is disabled on the tape drive, you must use the RECOGNIZE
command before either of the IDENTIFY commands shown above. This
permits QUASAR to know the tape is mounted on the tape drive, before
you identify it. For example,
OPR>RECOGNIZE MTxn: <RET>
where MTxn is the tape unit.
----- Example -----
A user requests that you mount an unlabeled tape and you comply.
OPR>
12:25:09 -- Magtape mount request #57 --
User: PACELLI [2,134] Job 43
Volume-set-name: MTA-JM05KL
Volume-ID Write Labels Track Density
--------- ------- ------ ----- -------
SCR123 Locked No 9 1600
OPR>
Mount and ready an unlabeled tape on tape drive MTA2:.
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12:27:32 Device MTA2 -- Unlabeled Volume Mounted --
Density 1600 BPI, Write-Locked
OPR>
Then reply to OPR with:
OPR>IDENTIFY MTA2: REQUEST-ID 57 <RET>
OPR>
12:28:33 Device MTA2 --Volume SCR123 Reassigned--
User: PACELLI [2,134] Job# 43
OPR>
9.4.6 Dismounting Tapes
When a user has completed the desired tasks with the mounted tape, the
user should use the monitor command DISMOUNT (or DEASSIGN) to rewind
and unload the tape from the tape drive. You can then remove the tape
from the tape drive.
NOTE
If the user does not use the DISMOUNT command, but
instead logs off the system, any mounted tapes are
automatically rewound and unloaded.
If a tape is mounted on a tape drive and it is not assigned to any one
user, you can use the OPR command DISMOUNT in the following format to
remove the tape from the tape drive:
OPR>DISMOUNT TAPE-DRIVE MTxn: <RET>
To check the status of the tape drives use the SHOW STATUS command.
If a tape is mounted, but is not assigned to any user, the display
shows the tape online without a request number, user name, or [PPN].
Do not press the UNLOAD button to rewind and unload the tape drive.
Always use the DISMOUNT TAPE-DRIVE command to remove tapes from tape
drives.
If, however, you do press the UNLOAD button to remove a tape and then
you mount another labeled tape on the same drive, you must use the
RECOGNIZE command to force the system to recognize the tape.
----- Examples -----
1. Use the DISMOUNT command to rewind and unload a tape that is
mounted, but not assigned to any user.
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OPR>DISMOUNT TAPE-DRIVE MTA3: <RET>
OPR>
10:36:54 Device MTA3 -- Unloading --
OPR>
2. If you previously pressed the UNLOAD button on a tape drive
and then mounted a labeled tape, you must use the RECOGNIZE
command to force the system to recognize the labeled tape.
OPR>RECOGNIZE MTA2: <RET>
OPR>
10:07:02 Device MTA2 --Volume 100100 Mounted--
ANSI Labels, 1600 BPI, Write-Enabled
OPR>
9.4.7 Canceling Tape Mount Requests
If you are unable to satisfy a user's mount request, you can cancel
the mount request by using the OPR command CANCEL MOUNT-REQUEST nn.
You should also notify the user why you could not satisfy the request
by giving the /REASON switch with the command.
For example, you cancel a mount request because you could not find the
requested tape. To do this, use the following command:
OPR>CANCEL MOUNT-REQUEST nn /REASON:I CANNOT FIND THE TAPE <RET>
where "nn" is the request number assigned to the mount request.
----- Example -----
Cancel mount request 204.
OPR>CANCEL MOUNT-REQUEST 204 /REASON:I CANNOT FIND THE TAPE <RET>
OPR>
11:49:19 -- Mount Request 204 Canceled --
OPR>
9.4.8 Setting Tape Drives Available or Unavailable
When you start the system, all tape drives are under control of the
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mountable device allocation system. However, there may be times when
you want to gain control of the tape drive. To do this, use the
following command:
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTxn: UNAVAILABLE <RET>
OPR prints:
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
This allows you to enter a comment explaining why you are setting the
tape drive unavailable.
When you use this command, MDA releases control of the tape drive and
users can assign the drive to their jobs by using the TOPS-10 command
ASSIGN. To return control of the tape drive to MDA, use the following
command:
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTxn: AVAILABLE <RET>
----- Example -----
Set MTA0: unavailable because of a hardware problem.
OPR>SET TAPE-DRIVE MTA0: UNAVAILABLE<RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
TAPE DRIVE MTA0: IS LOSING VACUUM ^Z
OPR>
12:23:00 Device MTA0 -- Set Unavailable --
OPR>
9.5 HANDLING FILE STRUCTURE AND DISK-DRIVE TASKS
OPR commands help you to control structures and disk-drives. With OPR
commands, you can do the following:
o Enable volume recognition
o Force the system to recognize a structure or disk-drive
o Dismount or remove a structure
o Lock structures to prevent users from mounting them, and
unlock structures
o Cancel mount requests that you cannot satisfy
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o Display the status of structures
o Display the status of disk-drives
o Control structure-recognition
o Control volume-recognition
o Examine the mount requests queue
The following sections describe each of the above commands to assist
you in the control of file structures and disk drives.
9.5.1 Answering Structure Mount Requests
When a user issues a request to mount a structure with the MOUNT
command, one or both of the following conditions must be present:
o The structure must be defined in the system catalog file.
See Section 8.4 for more information about the system catalog
file.
o All packs in the structure must be mounted and ready.
When either of these conditions are present, the following message
appears on your OPR terminal to inform you of the user request. A
list appears immediately following the message, displaying the
structure request and where the structure is mounted.
OPR>
hh:mm:ss Device str -- Structure Mount Request #nn --
From User: username [PPN] Job# nn
Unit Volume Type Drive
------ ------ ---- -----
(List showing where structure may be mounted)
where:
hh:mm:ss specifies the time the operator received the
message.
Request #nn specifies the request number assigned to the
mount request.
username [PPN] specifies the name and project-programmer number
of the user who issued the MOUNT request.
Job# nn specifies the job number the user was assigned
when the user logged onto the system.
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The display provides the following information:
o The unit identification
o The volume identification
o The type of drive (RP04, RP06, or RM03)
o The disk drive identification
If the requested structure consists of more than one volume disk pack,
all volumes are displayed in this list.
If the structure is defined in the system catalog file, but not
mounted and in the ready state, this list displays available disk
drives, along with the type, volume, and unit.
You must answer a MOUNT request by doing one of the following:
o If the structure is not mounted and ready, you must mount and
prepare the structure on an available disk drive.
If volume recognition is enabled for both structures and disk
drives, the system automatically recognizes the structure and
satisfies the mount request.
o If volume recognition is disabled for either structures or
disk drives, you must use the RECOGNIZE command to OPR to
force the system to recognize the structure mount.
Once the structure is known by the system, OPR prints a message
similar to:
OPR>
hh:mm:ss -- Structure str Mounted --
OPR>
OPR prints the preceding message only after you have physically
mounted all the packs in the structure. For example, if a structure
mount request exists for structure DSKR:, and DSKR: consists of two
packs, both packs must be mounted to satisfy the mount request.
NOTE
MDA continues to process requests from other users if
you do not respond to a MOUNT request with some
action. For example, if five separate users request
five different structure MOUNTs at the same time, you
can respond individually to each request in any order.
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----- Examples -----
1. In this example, a user wants to MOUNT a structure that is
not defined in the system catalog file and volume recognition
is disabled. In this case you must know in advance of the
structure mount so that the user does not receive an error
message for his mount request. Before the request is given,
you must mount and prepare the structure. Then you must use
the RECOGNIZE command to have the system recognize the
structure mount and satisfy the mount request.
OPR>
13:12:10 Device ECB1 -- Structure Mount Request #221 --
From User: BROWN,A [27,5107] Job# 68
Unit Volume Type Drive
------ ------ ---- -----
ECB10 ECB10 RP04 RPA0
OPR>RECOGNIZE RPA0: <RET>
OPR>
13:13:13 Device RPA0 -- Volume ECB10 for Structure ECB1 Mounted --
OPR>
13:13:15 -- Structure ECB1 Mounted --
OPR>
2. In this example, a user requests that structure DSKN: be
mounted. DSKN: is defined in the catalog list but is not
currently mounted and ready.
OPR>
12:40:15 Device DSKN -- Structure Mount Request #37 --
From User: PACELLI,V [2,134] Job# 27
Unit Volume Type Drive
------ ------ ---- -----
DSKN DSKN0 RP06 RPB1
OPR>
You can now physically mount DSKN: and make the system recognize the
structure as being on line. Request 37 is satisfied automatically,
and the user is notified.
OPR>
12:43:33 Device RPB1 -- Volume DSKN0 for Structure DSKN Mounted --
OPR>
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12:43:35 -- Structure DSKN Mounted --
OPR>
9.5.2 Mounting a Structure with MOUNT
If structure recognition is disabled, or you need to mount a structure
with an alias, you can use the OPR command MOUNT. For example, to
mount a structure called DSKX: with structure recognition disabled,
use the command:
OPR>MOUNT STRUCTURE DSKX: <RET>
OPR>
12:17:20 -- Structure DSKX Mounted --
OPR>
NOTE
If volume and structure recognition are enabled and
the structure is defined in the system catalog file,
you need not use the MOUNT command, because the system
recognizes the structure when it becomes ready
(mounted and spinning).
If volume and structure recognition are disabled, you
must use the RECOGNIZE command and then the MOUNT
command.
If you want to mount a structure with an alias, and the structure is
the first structure by that name, you must disable volume and
structure recognition before giving the MOUNT command and mounting the
structure. After you have mounted and readied the structure, you
should re-ENABLE structure and volume recognition.
In addition, the MOUNT command allows you to specify an alias name for
the structure when two file structures of the same name are to be
mounted. For example, if DSKA: is already mounted and you must now
mount another structure of the same name, you can use the following
command:
OPR>MOUNT STRUCTURE DSKA: ADSK: <RET>
OPR>
2:32:09 -- Structure ADSK Mounted --
OPR>
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When you assign an alias name to a structure, the physical name of the
structure (which is written in the HOM blocks of the structure) is not
changed.
WARNING
MDA strictly enforces unique volids on both disks and
tapes. Therefore, you cannot mount two identical
DSKAs. You can mount two DSKAs if the volids in the
HOM blocks are not identical.
To examine the mounted structures and their alias names, use the OPR
command SHOW STATUS STRUCTURES (refer to Section 9.5.5).
9.5.3 Controlling Structure Dismount Requests
When you use a valid DISMOUNT command, OPR prints:
hh:mm:ss --Structure str Dismounted--
From Unit: xxxn
where:
str specifies the file structure name.
xxxn specifies the disk drive name.
When a user dismounts a structure, you are not notified unless the
user specified the /REMOVE switch in his DISMOUNT command. (Refer to
the TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual for additional
information on the DISMOUNT command.)
When you issue the OPR command DISMOUNT to dismount a file structure,
there are two additional considerations you must acknowledge. They
are:
1. You can lock the structure before you dismount it to prevent
other users from accessing the structure.
2. If more than one user is currently using the structure, you
receive a message to which you must respond.
The next section explains the tasks involved in dismounting file
structures.
9.5.3.1 Locking and Unlocking Structures -
When your system is brought up, all mounted structures are unlocked so
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that users can access files on the structures.
However, if you must remove a structure during normal operation and
you want to prevent users from accessing the structure, you can
"lock-out" further jobs from access before dismounting the structure.
You can use the OPR command LOCK to accomplish this task.
All jobs and programs currently accessing the structure will continue.
When the jobs and programs complete, you can dismount the structure.
In addition, you can specify a date and time and an optional switch
/NOUNLOAD with the LOCK command. The date and time specifies when the
structure will be locked so that users cannot access it after the date
and time you specify. The /NOUNLOAD switch specifies that the
structure will not be removed, but will be locked from user access.
To reverse the effects of a LOCKed structure, you can use the OPR
command UNLOCK.
----- Examples -----
1. You want DSKZ: to be locked at 16:00 to change your
operation over to the evening production schedule.
OPR>LOCK DSKZ: 16:00 <RET>
OPR>
14:10:13 -- Structure DSKZ: --
LOCK set for 21-Feb-88 16:00
OPR>
2. To reverse the effects of DSKZ: being locked at 16:00:00,
you can unlock the structure.
OPR>UNLOCK DSKZ: <RET>
OPR>
16:01:07 -- Structure DSKZ: pending LOCK canceled --
OPR>
9.5.3.2 Removing a Structure with DISMOUNT -
To dismount and/or remove a structure from the system (perhaps to have
maintenance done on a drive, to run ONCE on a structure, or to mount
another structure), use the OPR command DISMOUNT.
In addition, you can specify the /REMOVE switch with the DISMOUNT
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command to automatically stop the structure for removal.
If users currently have the structure mounted, the following message
appears at your OPR terminal:
OPR>
hh:mm:ss <n> Device str: -- Problem removing structure --
Mount count = nn
RESPOND with ABORT (CANCEL) or PROCEED
OPR>
where:
hh:mm:ss specifies the time the message was sent to you
<n> specifies the message number that you must respond
to
str: specifies the structure name that other users are
accessing
nn specifies the number of users who have the
structure volume mounted
You must do one of the following:
o If you must dismount the structure immediately, you can send
a message to all other users that the structure is being
dismounted and then respond with PROCEED.
o If time allows, you can use the LOCK command to prevent other
users from accessing the structure and then, at the
appropriate time, dismount the structure.
o If you cannot dismount the structure or if you specified the
wrong structure in the DISMOUNT command, you can respond to
the message number with ABORT to cancel the dismount request.
When you respond with ABORT, OPR displays the following message:
hh:mm:ss -- Can't Dismount Structure str: --
If you respond with PROCEED, the structure is dismounted and OPR
displays following message:
hh:mm:ss -- Structure str: Dismounted --
From Unit: disk-unit-name
----- Examples -----
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UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
1. You want to dismount a structure from system access so that
you can run ONCE on the structure. First, send a message to
all users that the structure is being dismounted by
operations.
OPR>SEND ALL DSKX: WILL BE DISMOUNTED IN 10 MIN. <RET>
OPR>
15:50:19
;;SYSTEM: - DSKX: WILL BE DISMOUNTED IN 10 MIN.
OPR>
In 10 minutes, use the DISMOUNT command to dismount DSKX:
from system use.
OPR>DISMOUNT STRUCTURE DSKX: <RET>
OPR>
16:00:13 <16> Device DSKX: -- Problem removing structure -
Mount count = 9
RESPOND with ABORT (CANCEL) or PROCEED
OPR>
Now use the RESPOND command to proceed with the dismount.
OPR>RESPOND 16 PROCEED <RET>
OPR>
16:01:18 -- Structure DSKX Dismounted --
From Unit: RPD4
OPR>
2. You need to dismount TEST: at 16:00 to change over to the
production shift. First, LOCK the structure to prevent
additional users from mounting it.
OPR>LOCK TEST: <RET>
OPR>
15:15:30 -- Structure TEST: Locked --
OPR>
At 16:00, dismount and remove structure TEST: from disk unit
RPD1.
OPR>DISMOUNT STRUCTURE TEST: /REMOVE <RET>
OPR>
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UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
16:01:39 -- Structure TEST Dismounted --
From Unit: RPD1
OPR>
9.5.4 Canceling Structure Mount Requests
If you are unable to satisfy a user's structure mount request, you can
delete the mount request by giving the OPR command CANCEL
MOUNT-REQUEST nn. You should give a reason why you are canceling the
mount request. You can do this by giving the /REASON switch with the
CANCEL command.
----- Example -----
Cancel structure mount request 204.
OPR>CANCEL MOUNT-REQUEST 204 /REASON: NO AVAILABLE DISK DRIVES <RET>
OPR>
10:23:17 -- Mount Request 204 Canceled --
OPR>
9.5.5 Displaying Structure Status
You can display the status of the file structures with the SHOW STATUS
STRUCTURE command. With this command, you can specify one of the
following:
o The structure name, to display the status of an individual
disk file structure currently known to the system
o The /USERS switch, to display the status of each file
structure, along with the users currently accessing the
structure
If you do not specify either the file structure name or the /USERS
switch, the SHOW STATUS STRUCTURE command displays all structures
mounted and known to the system.
The output from this command displays:
o The name of the file structure
o The PPN of the owner, if the structure is private
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o The time (in hour and minutes) that the file structure was
mounted
o The number of free blocks on the file structure
o The mount count (the number of users currently accessing the
file structure) and the request count (the number of jobs
that have allocated the structure)
o The volume name of the disk file structure and its unit
number
o The disk drive type
o The disk drive name
With the /USERS switch specified, the output display includes the
user's name, [PPN], and job number.
----- Examples -----
1. Use the SHOW STATUS STRUCTURE command to display all disk
file structures.
OPR>SHOW STATUS STRUCTURE <RET>
OPR>
8:50:55 -- Disk File Structures --
Name Time Free Mount #Req Volume Type Drive Owner PPN
---- ----- -------- ----- ---- ---------- ----- ------ -------------
BLKX 6:53 15580 0 8 BLKX0 1/1 RP04 RPA2 31,5063
DSKA 6:53 26152 24 12 DSKA0 1/1 RP06 RPD0
DSKB 6:53 56460 12 0 DSKB0 1/2 RP06 RPD1
3 DSKB1 2/2 RP06 RPD2
DSKC 7:34 34960 24 0 DSKC0 1/2 RP06 RPB3
0 DSKC1 2/2 RP06 RPB4
DSKZ 8:41 721740 1 0 DSKZ0 1/1 RP06 RPE0 20,404
TEST --Waiting to be mounted--
Total of 6 file structures
(5 mounted, Total of 854892 free blocks)
OPR>
2. Use the SHOW STATUS STRUCTURE command with the /USERS switch
for DSKB:.
OPR>SHOW STATUS STRUCTURE DSKB: /USERS <RET>
OPR>
8:58:14 -- Disk File Structures --
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UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
Name Time Free Mount #Req Volume Type Drive Owner PPN
---- ----- -------- ----- ---- ---------- ---- ----- -------------
DSKB 6:53 56460 12 0 DSKB0 1/2 RP06 RPD1
3 DSKB1 2/2 RP06 RPD2
Users: Job 10 User OPERATOR [1,2]
Job 20 User TONY WACHS [10,10]
Job 25 User YOUNG-KP [30,5221]
Job 21 User BROWN.E [27,5107]
Job 22 User QHALLYBURTON [10,5324]
Job 27 User RON LUSK [30,5524]
Job 28 User OPERATOR [1,2]
Job 31 User MAROTTA [27,5434]
Job 33 User CUSTER,L [27,2345]
Job 37 User TUCKER,B [27,5342]
Job 40 User CARLSON,A [10,3331]
Job 41 User GODSELL,S [10,334]
OPR>
9.5.6 Displaying Disk Drive Status
You can display the status of the disk drives with the SHOW STATUS
DISK-DRIVES command. With this command, you can specify one of the
following:
o /ALL to display FREE, MOUNTED, and unavailable disk drives
and their current status
OPR>SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES /ALL
o /FREE to display all disk drives that are available for file
structure mounts
OPR>SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES /FREE
o /MOUNTED to display those disk drives that are currently
mounted
and known to the system
OPR>SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES /MOUNTED
If you do not specify a switch, the SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES command
defaults to /ALL.
The SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES command with /FREE displays:
o The disk drive name
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o The auxiliary port name
o The disk drive type
o The status of the disk drive
o The AVR (automatic volume recognition) status (YES when AVR
is enabled, NO when AVR is disabled.)
The SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES command with /MOUNTED displays the same
information as the /FREE switch with the following additional columns.
Note that the status column shows the word "Mounted".
o The file structure name
o The volume name of the file structure
o The file structure unit number
The output display with /ALL show FREE, MOUNTED, and unavailable disk
drives.
----- Examples -----
1. Use the SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES command with the /FREE
switch.
OPR>SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES /FREE <RET>
OPR>
10:12:03 -- Disk Drive Status --
Drive Type Status AVR
----- ---- ----------- ---
RPA1 RP04 Free Yes
RPA5 RP06 Free Yes
RPB5 RP06 Free Yes
RPE1 RP04 Free Yes
OPR>
2. Use the SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES command with the /MOUNTED
switch.
OPR>SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVES /MOUNTED <RET>
OPR>
9:23:45 -- Disk Drive Status --
Drive Type Status AVR STR Volume Unit#
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----- ---- ----------- --- ----- ------ -----
RPA2 RP04 Mounted Yes BADP BADP0 0
RPA3 RP20 Mounted Yes BLKX BLKX0 0
RPB0 RP04 Mounted Yes SIRS SIRS0 0
RPB1 RP06 Mounted Yes BLKK BLKK0 0
RPB6 RP04 Mounted Yes GAL0 GAL00 0
RPD0 RP06 Mounted Yes DSKC DSKC0 0
RPB2 RP06 Yes DSKC1 1
RPE0 RP20 Mounted Yes BLKY BLKY0 0
OPR>
9.5.7 Controlling Structure Recognition
Structure recognition allows QUASAR to recognize all the mounted packs
of a structure. When you mount a structure on a disk drive that has
structure recognition enabled, QUASAR automatically mounts the
structure.
To disable structure recognition, use the following OPR command:
OPR>DISABLE STRUCTURE-RECOGNITION <RET>
hh:mm:ss -- Structure Recognition is Disabled --
In addition, you can check the status of the structures with the OPR
command SHOW STATUS STRUCTURE.
If structure recognition is not already enabled, use the following OPR
command to enable structure recognition:
OPR>ENABLE STRUCTURE-RECOGNITION <RET>
9.5.8 Controlling Disk Drive Volume Recognition
Disk drive volume recognition allows you to mount disks without
telling the system the volume identification of the structure. When
you mount a disk pack on a disk drive that has volume recognition
enabled, the system automatically reads the volume identifier from the
HOM blocks when the disk drive is brought on line.
If your system is using volume recognition for disk drives, then it is
likely that volume recognition has been enabled. Both structure and
volume recognition are enabled by default. If, for some reason, you
need to disable volume recognition for one or all disk drives, use the
following OPR command:
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UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
OPR>DISABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION argument <RET>
where the argument can be:
xxxn: (specifies the physical unit number of a specific drive,
such as RPA0:.)
or
DISK-DRIVES (for all disk drives)
One reason for disabling volume recognition on a disk drive is to run
ONCE on a structure. When you disable volume recognition, OPR prints
the following message confirming that volume recognition has been
disabled:
hh:mm:ss Device xxxn -- Volume Recognition is Disabled --
In addition, you can check the status of the disk drive with the OPR
command SHOW STATUS DISK-DRIVE.
You can enable volume recognition for one or more of the disk drives
on your system by giving the following OPR command:
OPR>ENABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION argument <RET>
----- Example -----
Disable volume recognition for disk drive 0 (RPA0:).
OPR>DISABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION RPA0: <RET>
OPR>
12:25:47 Device RPA0 -- Volume Recognition is Disabled --
OPR>
9.6 EXAMINING TAPE/DISK MOUNT REQUESTS IN THE QUEUE
When a user submits a mount request, the request is placed in a queue,
where it waits for you to mount the tape or disk, or to delete the
request. To examine the mount queue, use the OPR command SHOW QUEUES
MOUNT-REQUESTS.
The SHOW QUEUES MOUNT-REQUESTS command displays:
o The tape/disk volume name of the request
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o The status of the request
o The type of request (tape or disk)
o Whether the request is write-enabled or write-locked
(The Write column for disk mount requests is blank. For tape
mount requests the Write column contains Enabled for
write-enabled or Locked for write-locked.)
o The request number
o The job number
o The user name and PPN
The status column displays the following:
o Waiting, if a tape/disk request is waiting to be satisfied
o A tape/disk drive name, if the request has been satisfied
o Dismount, if a tape or disk is being dismounted
In addition, the SHOW QUEUES MOUNT-REQUESTS command has optional
switches. With the /ALL switch specified, all the available
information for each request is printed. With the /SHORT switch
specified, only those requests that have not been satisfied are
displayed. The default is /SHORT if you do not specify a switch.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW QUEUES MOUNT-REQUESTS command to display the current
mount requests in the queue.
OPR>SHOW QUEUES MOUNT-REQUESTS <RET>
OPR>
9:34:51 -- System Queues Listing --
Tape/Disk Mount Queue:
Volume Status Type Write Req# Job# User
------- -------- ---- ------- ---- ---- -------------------
BKLX Waiting Disk 7 25 YOUNG-KP [30,5221]
TEST01 Waiting Tape Enabled 30 41 BROWN.E [27,5107]
Volume-set: MTA
Label-Type: No, Tracks: 9, Density: Default BPI
There are 2 Requests in the Queue
OPR>
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9.7 CONTROLLING SYSTEM LISTS
At various times (possibly between shift or production changes) you
may be requested to change one or all of the system lists. These
lists consist of:
o The active swapping list (ASL)
o The crash dump list (also called the system dump list, or
SDL)
o The system search list (SSL)
To change any of these lists, use the OPR command MODIFY. To display
the system lists, use the OPR command SHOW SYSTEM LISTS. The
following sections explain these procedures.
NOTE
Consult your system manager before changing system
lists. The performance of your system can be greatly
affected if you remove or add a structure or disk unit
to any of the system lists.
9.7.1 Displaying System Lists
To display the current system lists, use the SHOW SYSTEM LISTS
command. This command displays the following information:
o The structures in the crash-dump list
o The disk units in the active-swapping list
o The structures in the system-search list
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW SYSTEM LIST command to display the current system lists.
OPR>SHOW SYSTEM LISTS <RET>
OPR>
11:21:45 -- System Lists --
Crash Dump List: BLKL:, BLKM:, BLKN:
Active Swapping List: RPD1:, RPD2:, RPD0:
System Search List: BLKN:, BLKL:, TEST:
OPR>
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9.7.2 Modifying System Lists
To change any of the system lists, use the MODIFY command. With this
command, you must specify the specific system list and whether you
want to EXCLUDE (remove) or INCLUDE (add) a structure or disk unit.
Note that the following changes occur when you modify the lists
specified below:
o Modifying the active-swapping list changes the disk unit
names that the system uses to swap pages of memory.
o Modifying the crash-dump list changes the structures that the
system uses to dump (or copy) memory during a system crash.
o Modifying the system-search list changes the structures that
the system uses to search for file structures and file names
when the user specifies SYS:.
----- Example -----
Use the MODIFY command to add structure DSKZ: to the crash dump list.
OPR>MODIFY CRASH-DUMP-LIST INCLUDE DSKZ: <RET>
OPR>
14:32:02 Device DSKZ -- Added to Crash Dump List --
OPR>
9.8 RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
If a user requests that you restore some files from a magnetic tape,
be sure to find out:
o Which magnetic tape(s) to use. You might have to use a tape
containing a complete SAVE and some tapes from incremental
SAVEs. You should look through the terminal output kept for
each save operation and determine which tapes to use.
o Which files to restore and what directory they are in.
o Which directory to put them into.
o Which special BACKUP status commands to use, if any. Refer
to Appendix E for more information about BACKUP.
Then do the following:
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1. On a terminal, logged-in as [1,2], type MOUNT MTx: with an
optional logical-name and the /VOLID:volid switch. The
default mode is Write-Locked. The x in MTx: represents the
tape controller identification. If the tape is a labeled
tape, you must specify the /LABEL switch. Otherwise, the
labels are ignored.
OPR prints:
hh:mm:ss Device MTxn -- Labeled Volume Mounted --
Density nnnn BPI, Write-Locked
If volume recognition is disabled, use the IDENTIFY command
to OPR to identify the tape drive to the mount request.
2. If the desired structure is not mounted, type MOUNT
structure-name: at TOPS-10 monitor command level, and
physically mount and prepare the structure.
3. Type R BACKUP and give the following BACKUP commands:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTxn: <RET>
/REWIND <RET>
/RESTORE str:filespec[PPN] <RET>
"Done
(See argument types for filespecs below.)
4. When BACKUP replies with "Done, type:
/REWIND <RET>
/EXIT <RET>
.DISMOUNT MTxn: <RET>
5. When the OPR terminal replies with:
hh:mm:ss Device MTxn -- Released --
User: OPERATOR [1,2] Job# 2
remove the magnetic tape from the tape drive.
Argument types for RESTORE:
o To restore an entire user area; for example, to copy all the
files of directory DSKA:[10,4733] on tape to directory
DSKA:[10,4733]:
RESTORE DSKA:[10,4733]
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o To restore certain files of directory DSKA:[10,4733] on tape
to directory DSKA:[10,4733] on disk:
RESTORE DSKA:filespec1[10,4733],DSKA:filespec2[10,4733],...
o To restore DSKA:A.MAC[27,5107] to DSKB:A.MAS[10,4733]:
RESTORE DSKB:A.MAS[10,4733]=DSKA:A.MAC[27,5107]
o To copy all files from DSKB:[1,4] on tape to SAVE:[1,4] on
disk:
RESTORE SAVE:[1,4]=DSKB:[1,4]
----- Example -----
A user has requested you to restore all of his files on structure
MISC:.
.MOUNT MTA: /REELID:001234 <RET>
The OPR terminal replies:
18:14:23 -- Magtape mount request #146 --
User: OPERATOR [1,2] Job# 2
Volume-set-name: MTA-CJ7ZXY
Volume-ID Write Labels Track Density
--------- ------- ------ ----- -------
001234 Locked No 9 1600
OPR>
Mount and ready tape volume 001234 and OPR replies:
18:15:01 Device MTA0 -- Unlabeled Volume Mounted --
Density 1600 BPI, Write-Locked
OPR>
Use the IDENTIFY command at the OPR terminal.
OPR>IDENTIFY MTA0: REQUEST-ID 146 <RET>
OPR>
18:16:56 Device MTA0 -- Volume 001234 Reassigned --
User: OPERATOR [1,2] Job# 2
OPR>
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Run BACKUP from the monitor terminal.
.R BACKUP <RET>
/TAPE MTA0: <RET>
/REWIND <RET>
/RESTORE MISC:[21,3307] <RET>
!21,3307 MISC
"Done
/REWIND <RET>
/EXIT <RET>
.DISMOUNT MTA0: <RET>
MTA0: Dismounted
.
OPR replies with:
18:26:12 Device MTA0 -- Released --
User: OPERATOR [1,2] Job# 2
OPR>
9.9 COMMUNICATING WITH THE USERS
Timesharing and batch users often need to communicate with you to
perform various tasks, obtain help, or send and receive messages.
This section describes how to answer PLEASE requests with the OPR
command RESPOND, and how to send messages to a user with the OPR
command SEND.
NOTE
The SEND command that is discussed here is the OPR
command SEND. If you are at monitor command level,
you can use the monitor SEND command. These commands
are slightly different. Refer to the TOPS-10
Operating System Commands Manual for a discussion of
the SEND monitor command.
9.9.1 Answering PLEASE Messages with OPR
The PLEASE command provides two-way communication between you and the
user. It is initiated by the user typing at monitor level:
.PLEASE <RET>
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Enter text, terminate with Altmode or ^Z
When a user sends a message with PLEASE, you receive a message at the
OPR terminal that is time stamped and has a message number enclosed in
angle brackets. You should answer the message with the RESPOND
command from OPR.
Whenever you receive a message by means of the PLEASE command, the
user issuing the command is identified by job number, PPN, user name,
and terminal number. For example:
User SMITH,J [40,64] at terminal 100 types the following line:
.PLEASE <RET>
Enter text, terminate with Altmode or ^Z
WHEN WILL MTA2 BE FREE ^Z
[PLSOPN Operator at KL1026(26) has been notified at 9:08:22]
The message is transmitted to the CTY and appears at OPR command level
as follows:
OPR>
10:06:33 <3> -- Message from Timesharing User --
From User SMITH,J [40,64] at terminal 100
WHEN WILL MTA2 BE FREE
OPR>
If you know a batch job using MTA2: will be finished soon, you can
answer:
OPR>RESPOND 3 MTA2 WILL BE FREE IN 10 MIN <RET>
OPR>
Your response will appear on the user's terminal.
Respond to the PLEASE commands as soon as possible, because in some
cases the user cannot proceed to other tasks until you respond to the
message.
9.9.2 Talking to a User with SEND
If you need to send a message to a user, you can use the OPR command
SEND. Use any of the following commands at the OPR terminal.
OPR>SEND JOB n message <RET>
or
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OPR>SEND TERMINAL m message <RET>
or
OPR>SEND ALL message <RET>
where n is the number of the timesharing or batch job in the first
command format above, and m is the number of the user's terminal line
in the second command format above.
To send a message to all the users on the system, use ALL instead of
the job number or terminal number.
The SEND command also allows you to include the message with the SEND
command string or as multiple lines terminated by a <CTRL/Z>.
The SEND command does not affect the user's job. If the user is
waiting for input to a program, the message sent will appear on the
user's terminal, but it will not affect the program input.
Refer to the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference Manual for
a complete description of the OPR SEND command.
----- Examples -----
1. Tell a user that a requested task is now complete.
OPR>SEND JOB 27 <RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
THE UPDATED FORTRAN SOURCE LIBRARY IS NOW UP <RET>
YOU MUST CONNECT TO TEST: <RET>
^Z
OPR>
13:57:19 -- SEND Command Completed --
OPR>
2. Send a message to terminal 15 to notify the user that batch
requests are being held.
OPR>SEND TERMINAL 15 YOUR BATCH REQUESTS ARE BEING HELD <RET>
OPR>
17:23:09 -- SEND Command Completed --
OPR>
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9.10 REPORTING ERRORS WITH OPR
You can report problems or errors that occur during normal operations
with the OPR command REPORT. This command allows you to enter one or
more lines of text into the SYS:ERROR.SYS file. This file can be
printed when you run your system error program, such as SPEAR.
In addition, the REPORT command optionally allows you to enter the
following:
o A user name of 1 to 6 characters in length. You may supply
your last name here. Your PPN is always automatically
entered into the system error report file.
o A device name of 1 to 6 characters in length. The device
name may be used when a device is causing errors.
----- Example -----
Report an error with tape drive MTA2:.
OPR>REPORT SMITH MTA2: <RET>
Enter text and terminate with ^Z
TAPE DRIVE MTA2 HAS STOPPED FOR NO APPARENT REASON. <RET>
FIELD SERVICE HAS BEEN CALLED. <RET>
OPERATIONS ^Z
OPR>
11:35:09 -- ERROR.SYS entry made by the REPORT Command --
OPR>
9.11 DOWN-LINE LOADING ANF-10 REMOTE STATIONS
To load an ANF-10 remote station (DN80-series or DN92) from the
TOPS-10 system, you must use the NETLDR program. This program should
be available on SYS. You can only run NETLDR if the remote node that
needs to be loaded is running its bootstrap and has issued a load
request. The load request is issued when the remote node is turned on
and its bootstrap ROM is activated. After the load request comes up
the line to the TOPS-10 host, NETLDR can be run to down-line load the
appropriate software into the remote node.
NETLDR runs automatically when the monitor receives a load request,
unless either SCHED 1000 (down-line node loading disabled) is set, or
the monitor was brought up in debugging mode (Bit 0 of DEBUGF is set).
(Refer to the NETLDR Specification in the TOPS-10 Software Notebook
Set.)
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9.11.1 Running NETLDR Automatically
Normally, NETLDR runs automatically. For this to occur, the NETLDR
program must be on SYS:. When the node is started up, its bootstrap
program sends a load request to a TOPS-10 host through intermediate
node(s). As long as SCHED 1000 has not been set, the host processor
will create a job and run NETLDR automatically. If SCHED 1000 has
been set, NETLDR will be neither loaded nor run.
When NETLDR starts automatically in response to a load request from a
remote station, it prints the following message on the CTY:
%%LOAD req on Node nodename (nn) Line:syn# for DNtyp Ser:ser
This message indicates that a station of type DNtyp has sent a load
request to the host. Nodename is the name and nn is the number of the
host system from which the remote DNtyp station must be loaded.
Line:syn# is the number of the synchronous line from the node that
first received the load request to the remote station, and Ser:ser is
the serial number of the remote station's processor (ser can be zero).
If the load request includes a file specification, NETLDR loads the
specified file directly into the node. If the load request does not
contain all the necessary information, NETLDR searches SYS:NETLDR.INI
for the appropriate entry. If there is no corresponding entry in
SYS:NETLDR.INI, the node cannot be loaded and an error message of the
following form appears at the CTY:
?NETNMI - Cannot find match in SYS:NETLDR.INI
The SET SCHED command and the NETLDR switch /IGNORE can be used to
control the load requests. If a host is to disregard all load
requests, the system operator can prevent the automatic running of
NETLDR by typing the operator-privileged command:
.SET SCHED 1000 <RET>
However, if requests from certain nodes are to be disregarded, the
NETLDR switch /IGNORE can be placed in the NETLDR.INI file.
9.11.2 Running NETLDR Manually
To run NETLDR manually, you must start by issuing a command to SET
SCHED 1000. This prevents NETLDR from running automatically while you
are running it manually. Issue the following commands:
.SET SCHED 1000 <RET>
.R NETLDR <RET>
NETLDR responds with the prompt:
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FILE:
You must enter a command string of the form:
/LINE:syn#
filespec/CPU-type/NODE:nodeid /switch/switch...
/SELF
where entries are:
Entry Form/Use
filespec Form: dev:filename.ext[PPN]
In a load operation, filename is required; other
arguments default to your disk area, file
extension .BIN, and your [PPN]. In a dump
operation, an omitted filespec defaults to
DSK:nodename.LSD. If the node to be dumped is
running, nodename is the name of the node itself.
If the node is not running, nodename must be the
name of an adjacent node.
/CPU-type Form: /PDP11, /11, /PDP8, or /8
This entry must appear. It specifies the
processor type of the remote node (use /11 for
DN8x-series stations, /8 for DN92-series).
/NODE:nodeid Form: 6-character nodename or three-digit octal
node number
This entry must appear. If the remote node is
running, nodeid specifies the node itself; if the
remote node is not running (as in a load
operation), nodeid specifies an adjacent running
node.
/LINE:syn# One of these entries must appear. If the remote
/SELF node is running (as when NETLDR is requesting a
dump), the /SELF switch is used. If the remote
node (to be loaded) is not running, syn# specifies
the synchronous line at the adjacent node over
which loading is to occur.
Optional NETLDR switches are:
Switch Action
/DUMP:c-d Dumps all or a specified portion of the remote
node's memory, in octal. /DUMP with no
arguments gives a full memory dump; /DUMP:c-d
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dumps from location c to location d, inclusive;
/DUMP:c-* dumps from location c to location 17777
(PDP-8) or 137776 (PDP-11).
/IMAGE Specifies that the file to be read is in image
mode. This is the default for a PDP-8 node.
/LOAD Loads the file into the remote node; does not
start the program.
/PACKED Specifies that the file to be read is in PDP-11
packed image mode. This is the default for a
PDP-11 node.
/START:addr Starts the program at address addr. If no
filespec is given in the command, the program
currently in memory is started. This switch is
not needed if a filespec is given and the program
is to be started at its default start address.
9.12 CONTROLLING ANF-10 REMOTE STATIONS
If your installation has DN60-series (IBMCOM), DN80-series, DN92, or
DN20 network software, you can perform the following tasks for remote
stations using OPR commands:
o Start a node
o Shutdown a node
o Display the status of a network node
o Route output from one node to another node
o Display the route table
This section describes the tasks associated with the above commands.
The TOPS-10 Remote Station Guide provides more information about the
ANF-10 remote stations and operating them. The DECnet front end (DN20
running MCB) and the DECnet network tables must be built by the system
manager and maintained by the operator using DECnet programs described
in the DECnet-10 Operator's and System Manager's Guide.
NOTE
If your installation has 2780/3780 network software,
you can perform additional tasks with the OPR commands
DEFINE and SET NODE. These commands are described in
the TOPS-10 Operator's Command Language Reference
Manual and in the TOPS-10 IBM Emulation/Termination.
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If you are a remote station operator, the OPR running at your station
can control only the devices at your remote station. All commands you
specify default to your node when those commands are passed to ORION
for processing. In addition, you have complete control over all jobs
located at or queued up at your node.
To specify a remote node, use the /NODE switch. This switch is
available with many of the OPR commands described in previous sections
of this manual. The /NODE switch allows you to identify any node in
the network. The format of the /NODE switch is:
/NODE:node-id::
where the node-id is either the number or the name of the node.
Because a remote station operator has control only of the devices and
jobs at his remote station, his commands always default to a job or
device at his station when the command is processed by ORION.
Therefore /NODE is not necessary to refer to devices at the remote
station. However, if the operator would like to refer to another node
in the system, the /NODE switch must be included in the OPR command.
9.12.1 Starting and Shutting Down a Node
To start a node, use the OPR command START NODE. This also schedules
start-up for the printer and/or card reader at that node.
----- Example -----
Start node CTCH22(22).
OPR>START NODE CTCH22:: <RET>
OPR>
9:08:21 Printer 0 [CTCH22(22)] -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
9:08:21 Reader 0 [CTCH22(22)] -- Startup Scheduled --
OPR>
To shut down a node, use the OPR command SHUTDOWN NODE. This also
schedules shutdown for the printer and/or card reader at that node.
----- Example -----
You shut down node CTCH22(22).
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OPR>SHUTDOWN NODE CTCH22:: <RET>
OPR>
14:34:21 Printer [CTCH22(22)] -- Shutdown --
OPR>
14:34:21 Reader [CTCH22(22)] -- Shutdown --
OPR>
9.12.2 Displaying Node Status
To display the status of one or all nodes in your network use the OPR
command SHOW STATUS NETWORK-NODE. If you do not specify a specific
node, this command displays all nodes in the network.
The SHOW command displays the following information:
o The node name and node number
o The status of the node (either On-line or Off-line)
----- Example -----
Display the status of all nodes in your network.
OPR>SHOW STATUS NETWORK-NODE <RET>
OPR>
9:08:35 -- System Network Status --
Node Status
----------- -------
KL1026 (26) Online
COMET (70) Online
NOVA (31) Online
TITAN (61) Online
WIZARD (75) Online
KS4101 (76) Online
CTCH22 (22) Offline
JINX (134) Offline
There are 8 nodes in the network
OPR>
9.12.3 Routing Device Output between Nodes
To route the output for one device or all devices from one or more
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nodes to another node, use the OPR command ROUTE. The ROUTE command
can route the output for the following devices:
o ALL-DEVICES
o CARD-PUNCH
o PAPER-TAPE-PUNCH
o PLOTTER
o PRINTER
The ROUTE command is useful when there are hardware problems on a
device whose output is very important. If you are the operator at a
host system, you can route output to any node. If you are a remote
station operator, you cannot route output; you must request that
routing be done for you by the host operator.
----- Examples -----
1. To route the output of all printers on node COMET to printer
number 1 on node KL1026, you use the following command:
OPR>ROUTE PRINTER ALL-UNITS /NODE:COMET::1/NODE:KL1026:: <RET>
COMET:: 1 /NODE:KL1026:: <RET>
OPR>
13:05:19 -- All Printers [COMET] Routed to [KL1026(26)]
--
OPR>
When this command has been executed, an entry is entered into
QUASAR's Route Table (refer to the next section).
2. In addition, the ROUTE command allows you to delete entries in
the system route table. To end device routing on a node, omit
the destination node-id.
To delete the entry made above, use the following command:
OPR>ROUTE PRINTER ALL-UNITS /NODE:COMET:: <RET>
OPR>
17:34:19 -- Routing for All Printers [COMET] Deleted --
OPR>
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9.12.4 Displaying the Routing Table
To display the route table, use the OPR command SHOW ROUTE-TABLE. The
routing entries are listed from specific device entries (such as
Printer 0) to more general entries (such as All printers). For
example, the output of printer 0 on node NOVA:: routed to node
ALPHA:: is listed first; while the output of all printers on node
CTCH22:: routed to KL1026:: is listed second.
----- Example -----
Use the SHOW ROUTE-TABLE command to display the current device output
that has been routed.
OPR>SHOW ROUTE-TABLE <RET>
OPR>
12:34:09 -- System Device Routing Table --
Printer 0 [NOVA(33)] Routed to Printer 0 [ALPHA(45)]
All Printers [CTCH22(22)] Routed to [KL1026(26)]
OPR>
9.13 STOPPING AND RESTARTING KS10 COMMUNICATIONS
The ANF-10 network runs on the KS10 processor. The TOPS-10/KS10 host
communicates on the network with TOPS-10 remote nodes and other
TOPS-10/KS10 hosts.
The TOPS-10/KS10 network consists of a KMC-11, two DUP-11s, the ANF-10
network software, and a KMC-11 loader program, KDPLDR. KDPLDR runs
automatically at system start-up. The KDPLDR program initializes the
KMC-11 hardware and both of the TOPS-10 network communications lines.
You can stop and restart either or both communication lines by running
KDPLDR on the KS10 processor.
To stop communications, use the following KDPLDR command sequence:
.R KDPLDR <RET>
*/STOP:n/KMC:0 <RET>
Where n is 0 or 1 for a DUP-11 line number, or ALL for both lines.
To restart communications, use the following KDPLDR command sequence:
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.R KDPLDR <RET>
*/START:n/KMC:0 <RET>
Where n is 0 or 1 for a DUP-11 line number or ALL for both lines.
NOTE
To restart communications on both lines of the KS10
processor, you can use the following command sequence:
.R KDPLDR <RET>
*/AUTO <RET>
The /AUTO switch is the same as using the switch
sequence of:
/MCLEAR:0/LOAD:0/VERIFY:0/USTART:0/START:ALL/KMC:0
For more information on KDPLDR, refer to the KDPLDR Specification in
the TOPS-10 Software Notebook Set.
----- Examples -----
1. Stop all TOPS-10 network communications on the KS10
processor.
.R KDPLDR <RET>
*/STOP:ALL/KMC:0 <RET>
2. Restart communications on line 2 of the KS10 processor.
.R KDPLDR <RET>
*/START:1/KMC:0 <RET>
9.14 RECONFIGURING SYSTEM HARDWARE
The CONFIG application is a command subset of OPR that allows you to
reconfigure system hardware without halting the system. With CONFIG
commands you can do the following:
o Add controllers, CPUs, and memory to the system
o Automatically configure peripheral devices into the system
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o Remove controllers, CPUs, and memory from the system
o Enable and disable automatic reloads of the monitor and DX20
microcode
o Specify the BOOT-TEXT command string
o Shut down and reload the system
o Suspend the system
o Stop the system, dump the memory image, and continue the
system automatically
To enter CONFIG command level use the OPR command, ENTER, as shown
below.
OPR>ENTER CONFIG<RET>
CONFIG>
After you enter the CONFIG command subset, you can type a question
mark (?) to display all of the CONFIG commands. See the TOPS-10
Operator's Command Language Reference Manual for a complete
description of the CONFIG commands.
----- Example -----
.R OPR
OPR>ENTER CONFIG<RET>
CONFIG>? one of the following:
ENTER EXIT PUSH RETURN TAKE WAIT
or one of the following:
ADD AUTO-CONFIGURE HELP LOAD REMOVE
SET SHOW SHUTDOWN SNAPSHOT SUSPEND
CONFIG>
9.14.1 Adding System Hardware
Use the CONFIG ADD command to add the following to the system:
o Disk controllers
o Tape controllers
o CI (Computer Interconnect) interface
o NI (Network Interconnect) interface
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o CPUs
o Memory
----- Examples -----
1. Use the ADD command to add a tape controller to the system.
CONFIG>ADD MTB<RET>
CONFIG>
13:09:43 CONFIG -- ADD CONTROLLER --
Controller MTB added
CONFIG>
2. Use the ADD command to add a CI to the system.
CONFIG>ADD CI-1<RET>
CONFIG>
13:18:04 CONFIG -- ADD CI --
CI port on CPU1 enabled
CONFIG>
9.14.2 Configuring System Hardware
The AUTO-CONFIGURE command automatically configures disks and tapes on
a specified CPU or ALL-CPUs into the system. Use the CONFIG
AUTO-CONFIGURE command to configure devices that were powered-off when
the system was first bootstrapped.
----- Example -----
Use the AUTO-CONFIGURE command to configure all disks and tapes on
CPU-1 into the system.
CONFIG>AUTO-CONFIGURE CPU1<RET>
CONFIG>
13:19:58 CONFIG -- AUTOCONFIGURE --
CONFIG>
9.14.3 Removing System Hardware
Use the CONFIG REMOVE command to remove the following devices from the
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system.
o Disk controllers
o Tape controllers
o CI (Computer Interconnect) interface
o NI (Network Interconnect) interface
o CPUs
o Memory
----- Examples -----
1. Use the REMOVE command to remove a CI from the system.
CONFIG>REMOVE CI<RET>
CONFIG>
13:18:04 CONFIG -- REMOVE CI --
CI port on CPU1 disabled
CONFIG>
2. Use the REMOVE command to remove a tape controller from the
system.
CONFIG>REMOVE MTB<RET>
CONFIG>
13:10:34 CONFIG -- REMOVE CONTROLLER --
Controller MTB removed
CONFIG>
9.14.4 Controlling System Hardware
To automatically control a monitor reload use the CONFIG SET command.
The SET command has the following optional keywords:
o [NO]AUTO-RELOAD reloads the monitor after crashes
o BOOT-TEXT specifies the BOOT-TEXT command string
o [NO]DUMP causes continuable dumps
o [NO]IGNORE causes monitor to ignore interrupts
9-50
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
o KLINIK sets KLINIK parameters
o [NO]MICROCODE enables reload of microcode
o [NO]RELOAD enables reload of the monitor
----- Examples -----
1. Use the SET AUTO-RELOAD command to automatically reload the
monitor after a monitor crash.
CONFIG>SET AUTO-RELOAD<RET>
CONFIG>
13:22:09 CONFIG -- SET AUTO-RELOAD --
Automatic system reload is enabled
CONFIG>
2. Use the SET DUMP command to cause the monitor to take
continuable dumps after JOB stopcodes.
CONFIG>SET DUMP JOB-STOPCODES<RET>
CONFIG>
13:23:16 CONFIG -- SET DUMP --
System will do continuable dumps on CPU, DEBUG, and JOB stopcodes
System will reload on STOP stopcodes
9.14.5 Shutting Down the System
To take the monitor down with a reload (RLD) stopcode and reload the
monitor, use the CONFIG SHUTDOWN command. You must supply a
single-line reason for the reload.
----- Example -----
Use the SHUTDOWN command to take down the monitor to clear a hung tape
system.
CONFIG>SHUTDOWN CLEAR HUNG TAPE SYSTEM<RET>
9.14.6 Stopping the System
To execute a stopcode, dump the system memory image, and continue the
system automatically, use the CONFIG SNAPSHOT command. You must
supply a single line reason for stopping the system.
9-51
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
----- Example -----
Use the SNAPSHOT command to obtain a dump of the system memory image.
CONFIG>SNAPSHOT HUNG JOB<RET>
CONFIG>
13:12:34 CONFIG -- SNAPSHOT --
CONFIG>
9.14.7 Suspending a System
To suspend a system use the CONFIG SUSPEND command. The SUSPEND
command temporarily suspends system operation and writes a system dump
file. You can reload the dump file and continue the system with the
BOOT /REBOOT switch. You must supply a single line reason for
suspending the system. You must perform all logical software
reconfiguration that is needed before a system is suspended.
To record system configuration before suspension, you can use the SHOW
HARDWARE-CONFIGURATION command. Then use SUSPEND to suspend system
operations.
----- Example -----
1. Display the current configuration.
CONFIG>SHOW HARDWARE-CONFIGURATION
CONFIG>
14:24:24
CONFIG -- SHOW HARDWARE-CONFIGURATION --
CPU Configuration
CPU0 is running and scheduling jobs
KL10 model B serial number 1026, microcode version 442
Hardware options:
MCA25 cache/pager Extended addressing Internal channels
Cache
Cache status: Enabled
Internal channels:
0: RH20 1: RH20 2: RH20 3: N/C
4: N/C 5: NIA20 6: N/C 7: CI20
DTE configuration:
DTE0: up CFE running RSX20F version VA15-50
Reload enable: ON Retry enable: ON Fault-continuation: ON
DTE1: up DN60 running DN60
DTE2: up DN87S running ANF10 node NOVA(31)
DTE3: down
CFE UNIBUS Configuration:
CSR Device CSR Associated Device
9-52
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
------ --------------------- ------ --------------------
172100 MF11-UP Mem Parity
177340 TC11 DECtape Control
.
.
.
Monitor Memory Configuration
Monitor configured for 4096P (2048K) of physical memory
Controller Microcodes
Controller Version
---------- -----------
DX10/TX01 15(0)
DX20/TX02 10(74)
DX20/RP20 3(1)
CI20 1A(733)
NIA20 1(172)
CI Configuration
Node S/W type S/W vers H/W type
------------- -------- -------- --------
00 (KL-1026) T-10 0703 KL10
02 (KL-1322) T-10 0703 KL10
06 (HSC006) HSC V350 HS50
09 (HSC009) HSC V350 HS50
11 (KL-1042) T-10 0703 KL10
13 (KL-2476) T-10 0703 KL10
NI Configuration
Chan/Kont State E-net Address
--------- ------- -----------------
ETH-0 Online AA-00-04-00-6E-1C
NI-0 Online AA-00-03-03-00-13
NI-1 Online AA-00-03-03-00-87
NI-2 Online 08-00-2B-00-13-BC
Disk Configuration
Drive Type Str Volume CPU(s) Controller
------ ---- ---- ------ ------ ----------
RAJ1 RA81 012 HSC-9
RAG1 RA81 HSC-6
RPE0 RP06 1322 13220 2 RH20-0 (540)
.
.
.
Tape Configuration
Drive Type Volume CPU(s) Controller(s)
------ ------ ------ ------ -------------
MTA260 TU70 0 DX10-0 (220)
MTA261 TU70 0 DX10-0 (220)
.
.
.
DECtape configuration
Device CPU
------ ---
9-53
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
DTA260 0
DTA261 0
DTA262 0
DTA263 0
Unit Record Device Configuration
Card reader configuration:
Device CPU
------ ---
CDR260 2
Line printer configuration:
Device CPU Type Status
------ --- ----- ------
LPT260 1 LP100 Online
2. SUSPEND the system.
CONFIG>SUSPEND FIX MEMORY<RET>
;;SYSTEM: - Expect an interruption of service
;;SYSTEM: - Suspending system operation
[Suspending system on DSKF:CRASH.EXE[1,4]]
[System suspended] The system is suspended.
All other CPUs in an SMP
system should now be
HALTed.
Note that SMP systems must
be REBOOTed on the CPU that
was the policy CPU when the
system was suspended.
RSX-20F VE##-## 8:57 26-Mar-86 RSX-20F version and
creation time and date.
[SYO: redirected to DBO:] DBO: is the system device
[DBO: mounted] for the RSX-20F tasks.
KLI -- VERSION VA##-## RUNNING KLINIT prints this and
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 2996., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ the following lines.
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT
MCA25 CACHE PAGER
MOS MASTER OSCILLATOR
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI -- PAGE TABLE SELECTED: BOTH
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION #.#[###] LOADED
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- % MOS MEMORY IS ALREADY CONFIGURED
9-54
UNSCHEDULED SOFTWARE TASKS
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 768K 4 MF20 10
03000000 768K 4 MF20 11
KLI -- CONFIGURATION FILE WRITTEN
KLI -- BOOTSTRAP LOADED AND STARTED KLINIT has loaded and
started BOOT.
BOOT V#(##) BOOT version number.
?No file found on any structure
BOOT>/REBOOT<RET> Type /REBOOT and press
RETURN to reload the
default monitor from the
file DSKF:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
[Reloading from DSKF:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] BOOT is now reloading the
monitor.
Date:3-Sep-88 Before answering the date
prompt, start other SMP
system CPUs using the JUMP
400 PARSER command.
Time:1150
CONFIG>
;;SYSTEM: - System resumed
CONFIG>
9-55
10-1
CHAPTER 10
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
This chapter describes various types of errors that may occur on a KS
system. KL error recovery is described in Chapter 11.
When the system is running, unexpected errors may occur, resulting in
a crash. A crash can be caused by one or more of the following:
o Software problems
o Hardware problems
o Environmental problems
The system usually uses BOOT as the bootstrap program. Use BOOT when
you first power up your system. If the system crashes after it has
been running for more than five minutes, BOOT automatically dumps and
reloads the system.
Excluding crashes, after the system has been running for five minutes
you only have to use BOOT if you power down the system and load from a
cold start, or if the system does not recover from an error,
preventing BOOT from performing an automatic reload. The monitor
calls BOOT, which can dump any amount of memory, from one page to all
of it. The bootstrap program is highly tolerant of errors such as
memory parity errors. When an error occurs, BOOT prints an error
message before it takes corrective action. (For further information
on BOOT messages, see Appendix A.)
It is very important to record all system problems accurately. If
software problems cause a crash, you must fill out a Software Error
Report (SER) form and make an entry in the logbook. Similarly, if
hardware problems cause a crash, you must fill out a hardware error
form and make a log entry. This chapter discusses some of the errors
you may encounter and how you can correct them. To correct errors not
discussed in this chapter, contact either the system programmer or
your software specialist.
Common problems (and references to the sections that address them)
10-1
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
are:
o Nothing prints on CTY when you type CTRL/backslash (Section
10.1).
o System does not respond to you or to users (Sections 10.1,
10.3).
o Two crashes occur within 5 minutes (Section 10.2.2).
o System does not automatically reload (Sections 10.1, 10.2.2).
o System overwrites crash file (Section 10.4).
o Stopcode prints on CTY (Section 10.5).
o Message that begins "?Non-recoverable memory" or
"?Non-existent memory" prints on CTY (Section 10.6).
o "***************" prints on CTY above and below a series of
messages (Section 10.6).
o No characters print on CTY (Section 10.7).
o "?J" prints on CTY (Section 10.8).
o "%File not found..." prints on CTY (Section 10.8).
o "%HLTD" prints on CTY (Section 10.10).
o "?" followed by two or more capital letters prints on CTY
(Section 10.11).
o Power fails or fluctuates (Section 10.12).
10.1 RECOVERING FROM A MICROPROCESSOR CRASH
If the system does not automatically reload after a crash, it may mean
that the microprocessor has crashed. If the following are all true,
the microprocessor has crashed.
o The KS10> prompt does not print on the CTY.
o The CTY is plugged in and has paper.
o The LOC-LINE switch is set so the terminal is on-line.
o After you insert the key in the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch and
set the switch to ENABLE, the REMOTE indicator light is on.
10-2
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o The STATE indicator light is blinking.
If the above conditions are not met, refer to Section 10.2. If the
above conditions are met, perform the following steps:
1. Go to another terminal. If the system is still up, log in
under [1,2].
2. Halt timesharing by typing SET KSYS +hh:mm to OPR. (See
Section 4.3.2 for detailed information on halting
timesharing.)
If neither of the above steps is effective, call your Field Service
representative.
10.2 RECOVERING FROM A MONITOR CRASH
To recover from a monitor crash, BOOT must perform the following
steps:
1. Record (dump) the memory image as it appeared when the
monitor crashed.
BOOT dumps the memory image to the default file
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4], which is called the crash file. BOOT
always writes the crash file to the [1,4] directory area.
However, if the system crashes again, BOOT will not overwrite
one crash file with another. Instead, it prints the
following dialog on the CTY:
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] BOOT tries to dump the
memory image to the
default file
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4],
where DSKB: is the
system dump list.
%Unprocessed dump on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]]
Do you want to overwrite it? No<RET> Type no, which is the
default, or yes, and then
press RETURN.
Structure on which to dump: DSKB:<RET> Type the name of the
structure on which you
want BOOT to dump the
crash file, and then
press RETURN. BOOT
defaults to the system
dump list.
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Approximately 20 seconds
10-3
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
elapse while BOOT dumps
the memory image to the
file DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
2. Reload the last monitor that was loaded.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin. (See Section 4.5.) There is a
60-second time-out after the first monitor startup question.
If you do not answer the first question during the 60-second
time-out, the system assumes (and prints on the CTY) the
default answers to the ONCE dialog. (Refer to the TOPS-10
Software Installation Guide for complete information on the
ONCE dialog.)
Normally, if the monitor crashes, BOOT automatically performs the
above steps for you. However, if the monitor crashes twice within 5
minutes, you must direct BOOT to manually perform them. (See Section
10.2.2.)
When your system administrator or Field Service representative reports
a crash to DIGITAL, you must provide the logbook information and a
magnetic tape containing both the crash file and a copy of the monitor
as it appeared before it was run. (Be sure to include operating
system and software version numbers.)
After you answer the monitor startup questions, INITIA may print a few
lines on the CTY. Whether or not your system runs INITIA at system
startup is determined when the monitor is generated. (Refer to the
TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for more information on INITIA.)
10.2.1 Automatically Dumping and Reloading the Monitor
Usually, if the system has not crashed in the last 5 minutes, BOOT
automatically dumps and reloads the system. In this case, the
following message prints on the CTY:
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is UIL
File TTY6:
Job 2 on TTY6 running FD User [1,2]
CPU Status Block on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
CONI APR, = 001060,,004072
CONI PI, = 000000,,000377
CONI PAG, = 000000,,020000
DATAI PAG, = 500100,,000117
Reload monitor
10-4
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Approximately 20 seconds
elapse while BOOT dumps
the memory image to the
file DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]] BOOT is now reloading the
monitor.
When the first monitor startup question prints on your CTY, the system
has already used the /D switch to BOOT to dump the memory image to the
crash file DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4] and has loaded the default monitor from
the file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
There is a 60-second time-out after the first monitor startup
question. If you do not answer the first question during the
60-second time-out, the system assumes (and prints on the CTY) the
default answers to the ONCE dialog. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software
Installation Guide for complete information on the ONCE dialog.)
After you answer the monitor startup questions, INITIA may print a few
lines on the CTY. Whether or not your system runs INITIA at system
startup is determined when the monitor is generated. (Refer to the
TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for more information on INITIA.)
10.2.2 Manually Dumping and Reloading the Monitor
To manually dump and reload the monitor, perform the following steps:
1. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
^\ENABLED Type CTRL/backslash, which
does not echo. The
microprocessor then prints
the word ENABLED.
KS10>SHUT<RET> Type SHUT at the KS10>
prompt, then press RETURN to
shut down the system.
KS10>USR MOD Enter user mode.
BOOT>/D<RET> Type /D and press RETURN to
dump the memory image to the
default file specification,
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]. (The
prompt prints here only if
the system has not been up
for 5 minutes.)
10-5
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Approximately 20 seconds
elapse while BOOT dumps the
memory image to the file
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]] BOOT is now reloading the
monitor.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
2. Answer the monitor startup questions discussed in Section
5.6.
After you answer the monitor startup questions, INITIA may print a few
lines on the CTY. Whether or not your system runs INITIA at system
startup is determined when the monitor is generated. (Refer to the
TOPS-10 Monitor Installation Guide for more information on INITIA.)
10.3 RECOVERING FROM A HUNG OR LOOPING SYSTEM
Sometimes the central processor does not respond to you or to users.
In this case, if the scheduler cannot run any job other than the null
job, then the central processor is probably hung or looping.
To recover from a hung or looping system, make certain the processor
LOCK switch is off. Then follow the procedure discussed in Section
10.2.2.
If this procedure does not solve the problem, you can perform the
following steps:
NOTE
The following procedure will destroy useful
information in the dump. Use this procedure only if
the procedure described in Section 10.2.2 does not
work.
1. Make sure the processor LOCK switch is off.
2. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
^\ENABLED Type CTRL/backslash, which
10-6
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
does not echo. The
microprocessor then prints
ENABLED.
KS10>MR<RET> Type MR and press RETURN to
reset memory.
KS10>SM<RET> Type SM and press RETURN.
%HLTD/000000 PC/000000,,000000
KS10>ST 407<RET> Type ST 407 and press
RETURN.
KS10>USR MOD Enter user mode.
BOOT>/D<RET> Type /D and press RETURN to
dump the memory image to
the default file
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]. (If
the system has been up for
five minutes, the prompt
does not print.)
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Approximately 20 seconds
elapse while BOOT dumps the
memory image to the file
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]] BOOT is now reloading the
monitor.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
3. Answer the monitor startup questions discussed in Section
5.6.
10.4 COPYING CRASH DATA
CRSCPY is the default program that automatically copies system dumps
and then clears the unprocessed-dump bit. CRSCPY runs at system
startup and when a continuable stopcode occurs. (Refer to Appendix A
and the files CRSCPY.DOC and CRSCPY.HLP for complete information on
CRSCPY.)
10-7
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
If you want to use your installation's own program to copy system
dumps, you must redefine the symbol CPYNAM in the SIXBIT hardware
definitions in MONGEN to be equivalent to the name of your
installation's program. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software Installation
Guide for complete information on MONGEN.)
10.5 RECOVERING FROM STOPCODES (MONITOR ERROR STOPS)
When the monitor detects an internal error, it executes its stopcode
macro. This macro prints the following message on the CTY:
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is xxx
where:
xxx is a mnemonic identifying the error. (See the STOPCD
specification in the Software Notebooks for a complete list
of stopcodes.)
The following types of stopcodes, may occur:
o DEBUG (See Section 10.5.1)
o JOB (See Section 10.5.2)
o STOP (See Section 10.5.3)
o CPU (See Section 10.5.4)
o HALT (See Section 10.5.5)
o INFO (See Section 10.5.6)
o EVENT (See Section 10.5.6)
In general, there are two types of stopcodes: continuable stopcodes
that allow most user jobs to continue without interruption, and
noncontinuable stopcodes that cause the system to halt and reload.
HALT stopcodes do not initiate automatic recovery procedures. Also,
HALT stopcodes do not cause the '?CPUn monitor error. Stopcode name
is xxx' error message to print. The following is an example of what
you will see on the CTY when the monitor detects a continuable
stopcode.
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is ICN
CPU Status Block on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
CONI APR, = 001060,,004102
10-8
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
CONI PI, = 000000,,000777
CONI PAG, = 000000,,020000
DATAI PAG, = 500100,,000002
[Dumping on DSK:CRASH.EXE[1,4]]
[Continuing system]
In this case, the monitor executed its stopcode macro, dumped the
memory image, and continued the system.
For more information on stopcodes, refer to the TOPS-10 Stopcodes
Specification.
10.5.1 Identifying DEBUG Stopcodes
A DEBUG stopcode is not immediately harmful to any job or to the
system. The monitor prints the following message on the CTY:
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
[Continuing system]
Processing then continues. Fill out a Software Error Report form.
10.5.2 Identifying JOB Stopcodes
A JOB stopcode indicates an internal error that endangers the
integrity of the job that is currently running. The monitor prints
the following message on the CTY:
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
[Aborting job]
Also, the following message prints on the user's terminal:
?Monitor error; UUO at address
where address is one of the following virtual memory locations:
o User loc n
o Exec loc n; Exec called from exec location m
o Exec loc n; Exec called from user location m
where m and n are memory addresses.
The monitor then aborts the current job and continues normal
operation. Fill out a Software Error Report form.
10-9
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
10.5.3 Identifying STOP Stopcodes
A STOP stopcode indicates an internal error that endangers the
integrity of the entire system. The monitor prints the following
message on the CTY:
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
Reload monitor
This means that all jobs are aborted and the system begins to
automatically dump and reload the monitor.
If the monitor can obtain the necessary information, it prints a
supplementary message on the CTY of the form:
JOB jobno on TTYnnn running xxxxxx
UUO is octal at user PC address
File filespec
where:
jobno is the number of the job causing the error.
nnn is the number of the controlling TTY.
xxxxxx is the name of the program running for that job.
octal is the octal representation of the monitor call
that failed for that job.
address is the value of the program counter for that
job.
filespec is the file specification for the file being
accessed.
10.5.4 Identifying CPU Stopcodes
A CPU stopcode has the same effect as a STOP stopcode. In other
words, a CPU stopcode indicates an error that endangers the integrity
of the entire system. The monitor prints the following message on the
CTY:
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
Reload monitor
This means that all jobs are aborted and the system begins to
automatically dump and reload the monitor.
If the monitor can obtain the necessary information, it prints a
10-10
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
supplementary message on the CTY of the form:
Job jobno on TTYnnn Running xxxxxx
UUO is octal at user PC address
File filespec
where:
jobno is the number of the job causing the error.
nnn is the number of the controlling TTY.
xxxxxx is the name of the program running for that job.
octal is the octal representation of the monitor call
that failed for that job.
address is the value of the program counter for that
job.
filespec is the file specification for the file being
accessed.
10.5.5 Identifying HALT Stopcodes
A HALT stopcode affects the entire system. Also, the monitor cannot
automatically reload. In this case, the system halts, and you must
manually dump and reload the monitor. (See Section 10.2.2.)
10.5.6 Identifying INFO and EVENT Stopcodes
INFO and EVENT stopcodes report on system events that may be of
interest in debugging crashes. These stopcodes are for informational
purposes only, and do not interrupt system or job execution. EVENT
stopcodes are the same as INFO, but do not ring the terminal bell, and
the CTY message is in a different format.
10.6 RECOVERING FROM PARITY AND NXM ERRORS
Memory-system errors are hardware errors. The types of memory-system
errors are:
1. Parity errors
2. NXM (nonexistent memory) errors
10-11
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
When the system detects a parity or NXM error, it performs the
following steps:
1. Prints a series of informational messages that describe the
error.
Include these informational messages in the system logbook.
They are important because they provide the system
programmers and your Field Service representative with
information that will help them troubleshoot the problem. To
make the informational messages easy to identify, 15
asterisks (that is, ***************) print on the CTY above
and below each message series. (See Examples 1 and 2.)
2. Tries to automatically recover in the way that causes the
least amount of damage.
3. Prints one of the following error messages if it cannot
recover:
?Non-recoverable memory parity error in monitor.
[CPU Halt]
?Non-existent memory detected in monitor.
[CPU Halt]
If either of the above error messages prints on the CTY,
perform the following steps:
a. Include the error messages that are printed on the CTY in
the system logbook.
b. Manually dump and reload the monitor. (See Section
10.2.2.)
c. If you cannot dump and reload the monitor, call your
Field Service representative.
Examples 1 and 2 are similar to what you see on the CTY when the
monitor detects a memory error.
Example 1: (CPU Parity Trap)
***************
CPU0 parity trap at user PC 007017 on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
Job 42[WRTBAD] was running
Page fail word = 760000,013271
Mapped page fail address = 543001,,306271
Incorrect contents = 000000,,000000
10-12
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
CONI PI, = 000000,,000377
Retry unsuccessful. Offending location zeroed.
****************
Example 2: (Memory Parity Scan)
***************
Memory parity scan initiated by channel 0 on CPU0 on dd-mmm-yy
hh:mm:ss
Parity errors detected:
at 253271 (phys.), Contents = 000000,,000000
***************
10.7 RESTARTING A HUNG CONSOLE TERMINAL (LA36)
If you try to type commands on a CTY and no characters are printed,
check to see if the following conditions are met:
o The CTY should be plugged in.
o There should be paper in the CTY. (If you replenish the
supply, and characters still do not print, switch the CTY to
LOCAL and then back to ON-LINE.)
o The fuse on the vertical panel under the keyboard is not
burned out.
o The CTY should work when it is set to LOCAL.
o The CTY should be on-line.
o The CTY should be set to the correct speed.
o No other terminals should work.
If the above conditions are met, reload the system from disk or
magnetic tape. If these conditions are not met, or if the problem
persists, call your Field Service representative.
10.8 FINDING A MISSING MONITOR FILE
Sometimes, when you load the system from a cold start with BOOT, ?J
prints on the CTY. This means that when BOOT tried to read the
monitor from disk, it could not find the file that you specified. If
you pressed RETURN after the BOOT> prompt, then the file that you
specified was DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]. The following message prints on
10-13
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
the CTY:
%File not found dev:file.ext[ppn]
This means that when BOOT tried to reload the monitor from disk, it
could not find the file that you specified.
To solve either of these problems, check that you have done the
following:
o Correctly specified a nondefault monitor name if your
installation uses a nondefault monitor.
o Mounted the correct disk packs.
o Set the mounted disk packs on-line.
10.9 ALLOWING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS WITH KLINIK
The KLINIK link allows a DIGITAL Field Service representative or
software specialist to diagnose a problem in your system from a remote
location. By using the KLINIK link, DIGITAL's Field Service product
support group and software specialists can collect and analyze
performance data without traveling to your installation.
The KLINIK link can be in one of four states, depending on the
position of the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch on the front panel, the
commands you type, and the commands the KLINIK user types. The four
states are:
1. State 1 - Unavailable
2. State 2 - Awaiting Password
3. State 3 - Timesharing User
4. State 4 - Remote CTY
The link must be in State 4 to use the KLINIK facility.
In State 1, the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch is in the DISABLE position.
The KLINIK link is also in State 1 if the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch is
in the PROTECT position, and you (the operator) have not typed a
password into memory using the PW command. In State 1, the user at
the remote site receives the message ?NA, which means not available.
In State 2, the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch is in the PROTECT position,
and you have typed a password using the PW command. The console
program waits for the KLINIK user to type a password for verification.
In this state, the KLINIK user receives the message PW: in response
10-14
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
to the first character typed on the remote terminal.
The message ?IL followed by PW: prints on the remote terminal if the
KLINIK user types an incorrect password. The KLINIK user has three
chances to type the correct password. After three failures, the
console program hangs up the line. However, if the user enters the
correct password, the message OK prints on the remote terminal, and
the KLINIK link enters State 3.
In State 3, each character that the KLINIK user types is sent directly
to the running monitor, which causes the KLINIK link to behave as if
it were a normal timesharing line. State 3 helps Field Service
personnel examine system error files and crash dumps.
In State 4, the KLINIK link is considered a remote CTY. The KLINIK
user can type any command that you (the operator) can type on the CTY.
Input is taken from both the CTY and the remote CTY as if it were
typed from one terminal. For example, a SYSTAT can be done by typing
S at the CTY and Y followed by a carriage return at the remote CTY.
Therefore, be careful not to type on the CTY while the KLINIK user
types on the remote CTY.
To enter State 4, the KLINIK link must first be in State 3, and the KL
command must be on (you must have typed the KL 1 command). Then the
KLINIK user must type the correct password, followed by a
CTRL/backslash. The KLINIK link is now in State 4.
Another way to enter State 4 is to turn the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch to
the ENABLE position and turn the KL command on by typing KL 1. To
enter State 4, the KLINIK user types CTRL/backslash. No password is
necessary. This method gives less security to the KLINIK link than
the first method. However, it is a useful option when there is no
operator coverage.
The various states of the KLINIK link are:
KLINIK User
Switch Position Operator Commands Response State
DISABLE none none 1
PROTECT none none 1
PROTECT PW password none 2
ENABLE none none 3
PROTECT PW password password 4
KL 1 CTRL/backslash
ENABLE KL 1 CTRL/backslash 4
10-15
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
If you turn the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch to DISABLE while in any state,
you switch the KLINIK link to State 1, unavailable.
You need not enter a password into memory with the PW command nor type
the KL 1 command every time you need to enable the KLINIK link. They
are retained in memory until one of the following occurs:
o The power is turned off and then turned on again.
o The RESET switch is pressed.
o PW followed by a carriage return is typed. This removes the
password from memory. If this happens during States 2 or 4,
the KLINIK link returns to State 1. Type KL 0. Typing the
KL 0 command changes the KLINIK link from State 4 to State 2.
The following commands to the console program allow you to enable or
disable the KLINIK facility:
Command Function
KL 1 Turns on the KL command so that State 3 can be
entered.
KL 0 Turns off the KL command so that State 3 is disabled.
KL Gives the status of the KL command.
PW password Allows you to enter a one- to six-character password
into memory. The password remains in the memory
until you type PW and press RETURN, or until you turn
the power off and back on again, or until you you
press the RESET switch.
10.10 RECOVERING FROM KS10 HALT-STATUS CODES
When the KS10 processor halts, the microprocessor prints a 6-digit
binary code on the CTY. This code, called a halt-status code, tells
you why the KS10 processor halted. A halt-status code prints in the
following form:
%HLTD/nnnnnn PC/000000,,xxxxxx
where:
nnnnnn is the halt-status code.
xxxxxx are the contents of the program counter when the KS10 is
halted.
10-16
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
The halt status codes are:
Halt Code Explanation
000001 A halt instruction, such as a HALT stopcode, has
been executed
000002 The console program, which runs in the
microprocessor, halted the CPU. That is, an HA
command was typed at the CTY.
000100 An I/O page failure occurred. Call your Field
Service representative.
000101 An illegal instruction interrupt occurred. Call
your Field Service representative.
000102 The pointer to the UNIBUS vector is zero. Call your
Field Service representative.
001000 An illegal microcode dispatch occurred. Call
001004 your Field Service representative.
001005 The microcode startup check failed. Call your Field
Service representative.
10.11 MICROPROCESSOR ERROR MESSAGES
If the microprocessor detects an error, it prints one of the following
error messages. Unless otherwise noted, these errors occur when the
monitor is not running.
?BFO
Problem: Buffer overflow. You typed more than 80 characters on a
single line while in console mode. This message prints
during timesharing.
Solution: Try again with 80 or fewer characters on a single line.
?BN
Problem: Bad number. The number you typed was not octal. The
console program accepts only octal numbers. This
message prints during timesharing.
Solution: Retype the number in octal.
10-17
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
?BT xxxyyy
Problem: Boot error where xxxyyy is an octal code that represents
the error. You may have tried to boot from a
nonexistent device, from a device that is not in the
proper format, or from a device that does not have the
KS10 microcode on it. xxxyyy represents the following
octal codes when the microprocessor is trying to access
either a disk or a magnetic tape:
xxx Explanation
001 Accessing Disk - The microprocessor encountered
an error while it was trying to read the HOME
blocks. This error can be caused by selecting
the wrong unit, by having no disk pack in the
drive, by specifying the wrong RHBASE, by
selecting the wrong UNIBUS adapter, or by using
a bad disk drive. This error can also occur if
the microprocessor can read both the HOME block
and the alternate HOME blocks, but neither has
the HOME-block identifier (HOM) in SIXBIT.
Accessing Magnetic Tape - The microprocessor
encountered an error while it was trying to read
the first page of the microcode from magnetic
tape. This error can be caused by selecting the
wrong unit, by specifying the wrong RHBASE
address, by selecting the wrong UNIBUS adapter,
by selecting the wrong slave, by specifying the
wrong density, by using a bad tape drive, by
using a bad magnetic tape, or by using an
improperly formatted magnetic tape.
Any microprocessor command or process that
accesses a disk or magnetic tape can cause you
to receive this message.
002 The microprocessor encountered an error while it
was trying to read the page of pointers that
makes up the microprocessor file system. This
error can be caused by using an improperly
formatted disk pack, by trying to read HOME
blocks that contain errors, by using a bad disk
drive, or by using a bad disk pack.
Any microprocessor command or process that
accesses a disk or magnetic tape can cause you
to receive this message.
003 The microprocessor encountered an error while it
10-18
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
was trying to read a page of microcode. This
error can be caused by using an improperly
formatted disk pack or by using a bad disk drive
or pack.
004 The microcode did not start running successfully
after a BT or an MT command.
The microprocessor encountered an error while it
was trying to read the preboot program. This
error can be caused by using an improperly
formatted disk pack or magnetic tape, or by
using a bad disk drive or pack.
yyy This represents the lower eight bits of the
microprocessor address of the
channel-command-list operation that failed.
Solution: Try again with a select command for the desired boot
device (MS or DS) and then repeat the boot command that
failed.
?BUS
Problem: Bad KS10 bus. This error may occur on power up.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
?CHK n
Problem: Microprocessor checksum error; n is the error number.
This error may occur on power up.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
?DNC
Problem: Did not complete. This message usually occurs if you
have bad KS10 microcode, no KS10 microcode, or the KS10
microcode has not been loaded. If the message occurs in
response to an HA command, the KS10 microcode may not be
running (for example, when you have pressed RESET).
Solution: Try reloading the microcode. If the error persists,
call your software specialist.
?DNF
10-19
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: Did not finish. This message may occur during a CO, ST,
or EX command. Usually, this error occurs if you have
bad KS10 microcode, no KS10 microcode, or the KS10
microcode has not been started.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
?FRC
Problem: Forced reload. This message means that an automatic
reload is in progress. When it is complete, the first
monitor startup question prints on the CTY (occurs
during timesharing).
Solution: Answer the monitor startup questions.
?IA
Problem: Illegal address. The address you typed was out of
range.
Solution: Repeat the command with a legal address.
?IL
Problem: Illegal command. The console program did not recognize
the sequence of characters you typed as a legal command.
Solution: Try again.
?KA
Problem: Keep-alive error. This error occurs only during
timesharing. The monitor has not updated the keep-alive
count for 15 seconds. The monitor will resume operation
and print a Keep-Alive Fail (KAF) stopcode.
Solution: Wait. If no KAF stopcode occurs, follow the steps
listed in Section 10.2.2. If the KAF occurs, follow
instructions for recovery in Section 10.1.
?MRE
Problem: Memory refresh error (occurs during timesharing).
Solution: Follow the steps in Section 10.6.
10-20
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
?NDA
Problem: No data acknowledged.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
?NR-SCE
Problem: Nonrecoverable soft CRAM error.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
?NXM
Problem: Nonexistent memory. This message can occur during an EM
or DM command. The command referenced a nonexistent
memory location.
Solution: This can mean that you examined a memory location that
exceeds the memory capacity of your system. In this
case, ?NXM does not mean that there is an error.
Sometimes, when you load the system, ?NXM prints on the
CTY. In this case, ignore it. If you use the EM or DM
command to specify a memory location that is clearly
within the capacity of your system, but ?NXM prints on
the CTY, call your software specialist.
?PAR ERR xxx yyy zzz
Problem: Memory parity error. The KS10 CPU clock has been
frozen. xxx yyy zzz represents the contents of
microprocessor registers 100, 103, and 303 (occurs
during timesharing). (For more information on the
contents of microprocessor registers, refer to the KSCOM
specification in the Software Notebooks.)
Solution: Follow the steps in Section 10.6.
?RA
Problem: The command requires an argument. The command that you
typed must be followed by an argument.
Solution: Repeat the command and provide an argument.
?RUNNING
10-21
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: Clock running. The CPU clock must be stopped to execute
the command that you typed.
Solution: Stop the CPU clock and then retype the command.
%SCE xxxxxx
Problem: Soft CRAM error. xxxxxx represents the address at which
the microprocessor encountered the error.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
?UI
Problem: Unknown interrupt. The console program received an
internal interrupt and found no character on either the
CTY input line or the KLINIK input line (occurs during
timesharing).
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
10.12 RECOVERING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ERRORS
The causes of environmental crashes are varied. They include power
fluctuations, power outages, temperature extremes, water leaks,
accidental spills, mechanical shocks, and so forth. Some of these
environmental problems are easy to detect before they cause the system
to crash. For example, if the air-conditioning system fails, the rise
in temperature could cause a system crash. Other environmental
problems, however, will occur without warning.
Whenever possible, you should perform an orderly shutdown if any of
these conditions are imminent. When the problem is solved, you can
power up and reload the system.
When either a power fluctuation or outage occurs, a power-failure
detection circuit senses it, and initiates a power-failure interrupt.
This interrupt triggers the operation of a program that saves the PC,
flags, mode information, and fast memory registers; then it halts the
processor. The system will try to recover automatically when power is
restored.
If the temperature rises above an acceptable level, it is sensed by
temperature sensors, which cause the power to shut down and initiate
the power-failure interrupt sequence.
A power fluctuation is a variation in line voltage that occurs over a
short time. Although the power is not lost completely, the system
10-22
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KS10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
will probably go through an automatic restart procedure.
A power outage is a complete loss of power. If the power goes off and
then comes back on suddenly, the surge of power can damage the
equipment. Therefore, when the power goes off, turn the START/STOP
switch on all disk drives to STOP. When the power has been restored,
the system will go through an automatic restart procedure.
If the automatic restart procedure after a power outage or fluctuation
is unsuccessful, perform the following steps:
1. Check all equipment to make sure that there is power. If
there is power, try to power up. (See Sections 4.2 and 4.3.)
If this fails, call your Field Service representative.
2. If necessary, reload the monitor. If the monitor will not
load, check the various controllers; clear them if necessary,
and try to reload the monitor. If this still fails, call
your Field Service representative.
10-23
11-1
CHAPTER 11
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
This chapter describes errors and recovery procedures for KL
processors. For KS error recovery, refer to Chapter 10.
When the system is running, unexpected errors may occur, resulting in
a crash. A crash can be caused by one or more of the following:
o Software problems
o Hardware problems
o Environmental problems
The system usually uses BOOT as the bootstrap program. Use BOOT when
you first power up your system. If the system crashes after it has
been running for more than five minutes, BOOT automatically dumps and
reloads the system.
Excluding crashes, after the system has been running for five minutes
you only have to use BOOT if you power down the system and load from a
cold start, or if the system does not recover from an error. These
situations prevent BOOT from performing an automatic reload.
The monitor calls BOOT, which can dump any amount of memory, from one
page to all of it. The bootstrap program is highly tolerant of errors
such as memory parity errors. When an error occurs, BOOT prints an
error message before it takes corrective action. (For further
information on BOOT messages, see Appendix A.
It is very important to record all system problems accurately. If
software problems cause a crash, you must fill out a Software Error
Report (SER) form and make an entry in the logbook. Similarly, if
hardware problems cause a crash, you must fill out a hardware error
form and make a log entry. This chapter discusses some of the errors
you may encounter and how you can correct them. To correct errors not
discussed in this chapter, contact either the system programmers or
your software specialist.
11-1
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Sections 11.1 through 11.16 apply to both single-processor and
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) systems. Section 11.17, however,
applies only to SMP systems. If you have an SMP system, you must
perform the CPU-specific procedures on the CTY for the appropriate
CPU.
Common problems and references to the sections that address them are:
o Nothing prints on CTY when you type CTRL/backslash (Section
11.2).
o System does not respond to you or to users (Sections 11.1,
11.2, 11.3).
o Two crashes occur within 5 minutes (Section 11.2.2).
o System does not automatically reload (Section 11.2.2).
o System overwrites crash file (Section 11.4).
o Stopcode prints on CTY (Section 11.5).
o "KLI --" followed by a message prints on CTY (Section 11.7).
o Message that begins "?Non-recoverable memory" or
"?Non-existent memory" prints on CTY (Section 11.8).
o "***************" prints on CTY above and below a series of
messages (Section 11.8).
o Memory module is unusable (Section 11.9).
o No characters print on CTY (Section 11.10).
o "?J" prints on CTY (Section 11.11).
o "%File not found..." prints on CTY (Section 11.11).
o "%%PDP-11" followed by a message prints on CTY
(Section 11.12).
o "%%Tape" followed by a message prints on CTY
(Section 11.13).
o Power fails or fluctuates (Section 11.16).
11.1 RECOVERING FROM A KL10 CRASH
On an SMP system, each KL has a console front end that runs RSX-20F.
If the KL10 crashes, RSX-20F detects the error and performs the
11-2
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
following steps for the CPU to which it is attached:
1. Prints an error message
2. Dumps the system
3. Reloads the system
RSX-20F performs these steps by calling KLERR, which analyzes the
error and prints system information that will help the system
programmers debug the software. (For more information on KLERR, and a
complete list of RSX-20F error messages, refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20
RSX-20F System Reference Manual. Then, RSX-20F calls KLINIT, which
passes control to the crash restart routine. In turn, the crash
restart routine automatically dumps and reloads the system.
If the crash restart routine fails, you must manually dump and reload
the system. (See Section 11.2.2.)
----- KLERR Error Messages -----
Argument Out of Range
The number to be loaded into the burst-count register is greater
than the maximum number allowed.
Can't Clear KL Clock
An attempt to clear the KL clock failed.
Can't Clear KL Run Flop
An attempt to clear the Run Flop failed.
Can't Find KL Halt Loop
The microcode did not go into its halt loop even when told to do
so.
Can't Sync KL Clock
A function executed to synchronize the KL clock failed.
Can't Set KL Run Flop
11-3
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
KLERR cannot set the Run Flop.
Directory File Not Found
KLERR cannot find the directory file into which the error file is
to be placed.
DTE-20 Not Privileged, No KL Operations are Legal
This DTE is not the privileged DTE, which is allowed complete
access to the KL.
DTE-20 Status Failure
An attempt to read or write the DTE status register failed.
EBOX Clock Timeout
The EBOX clock timed out during an attempt to simulate the EBOX
clock from MBOX clocks.
EBUS Parity Error
There are parity errors on the EBUS.
Examine Deposit Mode Illegal
The arguments for a KL Deposit or Examine are not set up
correctly.
Function Execute Failed
A Function Execute failed.
Function Read Failed
A Function Read failed.
Function Write Failed
A Function Write failed.
11-4
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Illegal Function Code
The code in the argument of the Function Read, Function Write, or
Function Execute command does not match existing values.
Internal Programming Error
There is a problem in the system software.
KL Clock Error Stop
A check of diagnostic register 1 reveals that there is an error
in the KL clock.
KL CRAM Address Error
The CRAM address to be read is not a valid CRAM address.
KL in Halt Loop
The PDP-11 put the KL into the halt loop.
KL not in Halt Loop
The PDP-11 could not put the KL into the halt loop.
KLERRO.SNP File Creation Failed
Creation of the error file failed.
Odd Function Code
The number of the Function Read, Function Write, or Function
Execute does not match existing values.
Run and Halt Loop Both On
The KL thinks that the microcode is at the same time in the halt
loop and running normally.
Unable to Enter KLERRO.SNP into Directory
There was an error when the file name was inserted into the
11-5
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
directory file.
Unable to Extend KLERRO.SNP File
KLERR was denied access when it tried to append to KLERRO.SNP.
Unable to write KLERRO.SNP file
An error occurred when KLERR was writing the KLERRO.SNP file.
Unmatched Error Code
The error code reported does not match any on the list of known
errors.
11.2 RECOVERING FROM A MONITOR CRASH
To recover from a monitor crash, BOOT runs automatically and performs
the following steps:
1. Records (dumps) the memory image as it appeared when the
monitor crashed.
BOOT dumps the memory image to the default file
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4], which is called the crash file. This
crash file is always written to the same directory area,
[1,4]. However, if the system crashes again, it will not
overwrite one crash file with another. Instead, the
following dialog prints on the affected CTY to allow you to
process the previous crash file with CRSCPY:
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] BOOT tries to dump the
memory image to the
default file
specification
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4],
where DSKB: is the
system dump list.
%Unprocessed dump on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]]
Do you want to overwrite it?No<RET> Type No, which is the
default, or Yes and then
press RETURN.
Structure on which to dump:DSKB:<RET> Type the name of the
structure on which you
11-6
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
want the monitor to dump
the crash file and then
press RETURN. BOOT
defaults to the system
dump list.
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Approximately 20 seconds
elapse while BOOT dumps
the memory image to the
file DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
2. Reloads the last monitor that was loaded.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin. There is a 60-second time-out after
the first monitor startup question. If you do not answer the
first question during the 60-second time-out, the system
assumes (and prints on the CTY) the default answers to the
ONCE dialog. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software Installation
Guide for complete information on the ONCE dialog.)
Normally, if the monitor crashes, BOOT automatically performs Steps 1
and 2 for you. (See Section 11.2.1.) However, if the monitor crashes
twice within 5 minutes, you must direct BOOT to manually perform them.
(See Section 11.2.2.) BOOT error messages are described in Appendix A.
When your system administrator or Field Service representative reports
a crash to DIGITAL, you must provide the logbook information and a
magnetic tape containing both the crash file and a copy of the monitor
as it appeared before it was run. (Be sure to include operating
system and software version numbers.)
After you answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6, INITIA may print a few lines on the CTY. Whether or not your
system runs INITIA at system startup is determined when the monitor is
generated. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for more
information on INITIA.)
11.2.1 Automatically Dumping and Reloading the Monitor
Usually, if the system has not crashed in the last 5 minutes, BOOT
automatically dumps and reloads the monitor. In this case, the
following prints on the CTY:
%DECSYSTEM-10 NOT RUNNING The monitor has stopped.
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is UIL
File TTY6:
Job 2 on TTY6 running FD User [1,2]
11-7
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
CPU Status Block on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
APRID = 000231,,364130
ERA = 602000,131427
CONI APR, = 007760,,000003
CONI PI, = 000000,,000777
CONI PAG, = 000000,620001
DATAI PAG, = 700100,,000131
AR ARX Data Word = 000000,,000000
IO Page Fail Word = 000000,,000000
SBUS Diags:
CNTRLR FNC 0 FNC 1
000000 006000,,000000 036100,,016012
000001 006000,,000000 036100,,016005
000011 007743,,166340 000500,,001000
Reload monitor
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Approximately 20 seconds
elapse while BOOT dumps
the memory image to the
file DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]] BOOT is now reloading the
monitor.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor startup
questions begin. (See Section 5.6.)
There is a 60-second time-out after the first monitor startup
question. If you do not answer the first question during the
60-second time-out, the system assumes (and prints on the CTY) the
default answers to the ONCE dialog. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software
Installation Guide for complete information on the ONCE dialog.)
After you answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6 INITIA may print a few lines on the CTY. Whether or not your
system runs INITIA at system startup is determined when the monitor is
generated. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for more
information on INITIA.)
11.2.2 Manually Dumping and Reloading the Monitor
To manually dump and reload the monitor, perform the following steps:
1. Type everything that is underlined in the following sample
dialog:
11-8
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
^\ Type CTRL/backslash, which
does not print, to
communicate with the
PARSER.
PAR>SHUT<RET> Type SHUT and press RETURN
to shut down the system.
DECSYSTEM-10 NOT RUNNING The monitor has stopped.
BOOT>/D<RET> Type /D and press RETURN
to dump the memory image
to the default file,
DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]. (The
prompt prints here only if
the system has not been up
for 5 minutes.)
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Approximately 20 seconds
elapse while BOOT dumps
the memory image to the
file DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4].
BOOT><RET> Press RETURN to load the
default monitor from the
file DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4].
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]] BOOT is now reloading the
monitor.
When the monitor has been loaded into memory, the monitor
startup questions begin.
2. Answer the monitor startup questions described in Section
5.6.
After you answer the monitor startup questions, INITIA may print a few
lines on the CTY. Whether or not your system runs INITIA at system
startup is determined when the monitor is generated. (Refer to the
TOPS-10 Software Installation Guide for more information on INITIA.)
11.3 SYSTEM ERROR RECOVERY
If one of the CPUs does not respond to you or other users, and the
scheduler cannot run any job other than the null job, then the CPU is
either hung or looping.
To decide which of these problems is affecting your system, and to
dump and reload, perform the following steps:
11-9
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
1. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
^\ Type CTRL/backslash,
which does not echo, to
communicate with the
PARSER.
PAR>TAKE LOOP <RET> The output from the
LOOP.CMD file will appear
on the CTY.
At the end of execution
of the LOOP.CMD file, a
message will request the
operator to manually
start BOOT.
OUTPUT DEVICES: TTY
PAR> EOF End of LOOP.CMD
execution.
PAR>J 407
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Start BOOT.
[Loading from DSKB:RL156A.EXE[1,4]] You need to manually dump
and reload the system if
you do not see the prompt
or the reload message
within 10 seconds.
RL156A DEC10 Development mm-dd-yy
Why reload: HUNG
Date: dd-mmm-yy
Time:<RET>
Startup option: Q <RET>
11.4 COPYING CRASH DATA
CRSCPY is the default program that automatically copies system dumps
and then clears the unprocessed-dump bit. CRSCPY runs at system
startup and when a continuable stopcode occurs.
If you want to use your installation's own program to copy system
dumps, you must redefine the symbol CPYNAM in the SIXBIT hardware
definitions in MONGEN to be equivalent to the name of your
installation's program. (Refer to the TOPS-10 Software Installation
Guide for complete information on MONGEN.
11-10
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
11.5 RECOVERING FROM STOPCODES (MONITOR ERROR STOPS)
When the monitor detects an internal error, it executes its stopcode
macro. This macro prints the following message on the CTY of the
affected CPU:
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is xxx
where:
xxx is a mnemonic identifying the error. (See the STOPCD
specification in the Software Notebooks for a complete list
of the stopcodes.)
The following types of stopcodes, may occur:
o DEBUG (See Section 11.5.1.)
o JOB (See Section 11.5.2.)
o STOP (See Section 11.5.3.)
o CPU (See Section 11.5.4.)
o HALT (See Section 11.5.5.)
o INFO (See Section 11.5.6)
o EVENT (See Section 11.5.6)
HALT stopcodes do not initiate automatic recovery procedures.
The following is an example of what you will see on the CTY of the
affected CPU when the monitor detects a continuable stopcode.
%DECSYSTEM-10 NOT RUNNING
?CPU1 monitor error. Stopcode name is EUE
Job 5 on TTY1 running DDT User [1,2]
UUO is 0 at user PC 002472
CPU Status Block at dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
APRID = 000231,,342002
ERA = 600000,,040513
CONI APR, = 007760,,000003
CONI PI, = 000000,,000377
CONI PAG, = 000000,,620001
DATAI PAG, = 700100,,002255
AR ARX Data Word = 000000,,057000
11-11
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
IO Page Fail Word = 000000,,000000
SBUS Diags:
CNTRLR FNC 0 FNC 1
000004 007040,,040610 000200,,000000
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]]
[Continuing system]
[DECsystem-10 Continued]
In this case, the monitor executed its stopcode macro, dumped the
memory image, and continued the system.
11.5.1 Identifying DEBUG Stopcodes
A DEBUG stopcode is not immediately harmful to any job or to the
system. The monitor prints a message on the affected CTY of the form:
?CPUn monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
[Continuing system]
Processing then continues. Fill out an SER form. Sometimes a DEBUG
stopcode acts like a JOB stopcode. (See Section 11.5.2.)
11.5.2 Identifying JOB Stopcodes
A JOB stopcode indicates an error that endangers the integrity of the
job that is currently running. The monitor prints a message on the
CTY of the affected CPU, in the form:
?CPUn monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
[Aborting job]
Also, the following message prints on the user's terminal:
?Monitor error at address; UUO at address
where address is one of the following:
User loc n
Exec loc n; Exec called from exec loc m
Exec loc n; Exec called from user loc m
and where m and n are memory addresses.
Then the monitor aborts the current job and continues. Fill out an
11-12
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
SER form.
11.5.3 Identifying STOP Stopcodes
A STOP stopcode endangers the integrity of the entire system. The
monitor prints the following message on the affected CTY:
?CPUn monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
Reload monitor
This means that all jobs are aborted and the system begins to
automatically dump and reload itself, provided the monitor uptime is
greater than 5 minutes. If the monitor uptime is less than 5 minutes,
then the operator will have to manually dump and reload. For more
information on a manual dump and reload, refer to Section 11.2.2. The
following example is that of a stopcode with less than 5 minutes of
monitor uptime:
%DECsystem-10 not running
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is KAF
File CTY:
Job 4 on CTY running FIT19 User [1,2]
CPU Status Block on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
APRID = 640324,,364113
ERA = 224000,,011451
CONI APR, = 007760,,000003
CONI PI, = 000000,,010377
CONI PAG, = 000000,,660001
DATAI PAG, = 700100,,006745
AR ARX Data Word = 000000,,000000
IO Page Fail Word = 000000,,000000
SBUS Diags:
CNTRLR FNC 0 FNC 1
000004 001740,,045157 000200,,000000
000010 006160,,011603 000500,,001000
000011 006165,,777003 000500,,001000
000012 006126,,745507 000500,,001000
000013 007747,,470524 000500,,001000
Reload monitor
BOOT>/D
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]] Operator types /D to manually
dump and reload the system.
11-13
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
BOOT><RET> (or filespec).
[Loading from DSKB:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]]
CSSE 2123 7.02 SYSTEM mm-dd-yy
Date: dd-mmm-yy
Time:hh:mm
Startup option: Q
If the monitor can obtain the necessary information, it prints a
supplementary message on the affected CTY of the form:
JOB jobno on TTYnnn running xxxxxx
UUO is octal at user PC address
File filespec
where:
jobno is the number of the job causing the error.
nnn is the number of the controlling TTY.
xxxxxx is the name of the program running for that job.
octal is the octal representation of the monitor call
that failed for that job.
address is the value of the program counter for that
job.
filespec is the file specification for the file being
accessed.
11.5.4 Identifying CPU Stopcodes
If a CPU stopcode is detected on a single-processor system or on the
last processor that is still running in a multiprocessor system, it
has the same effect as a STOP stopcode.
In all other cases, a CPU stopcode prints a message on the affected
CTY of the form:
?CPUn monitor error. Stopcode name xxx
[Stopping CPU]
If the monitor can obtain the necessary information, it prints a
supplementary message on the CTY of the form:
Job jobno on TTYnnn running xxxxxx
UUO is octal at user PC address
11-14
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
File filespec
where:
jobno is the number of the job causing the error.
nnn is the number of the controlling TTY.
xxxxxx is the name of the program running for that job.
octal is the octal representation of the monitor call
that failed for that job.
address is the value of the program counter for that
job.
filespec is the file specification for the file being
accessed.
The CPU will then run in its accumulators and will not restart until
you manually restart it. On an SMP system, a CPU stopcode causes a
role switch if the error occurred on the Policy CPU.
11.5.5 Identifying HALT Stopcodes
A HALT stopcode affects the entire system. Also, the monitor cannot
automatically be reloaded. In this case, the system halts, and you
must manually dump and reload the monitor. (See Section 11.2.2.)
ENABLE ON is the default condition set by the software. It is not to
be changed unless specified by Field Service.
For single CPU systems:
RELOAD ENABLE ON
The RSX-20F front end will automatically respond by taking a
snapshot of the system, and then dumping and reloading the
system.
RELOAD ENABLE OFF
A manual snapshot must be taken, followed by a dump/reload, or
valuable data will be lost. In most cases, the ENABLE will be
ON, and the operator will not be required to take any action.
For SMP systems:
RELOAD ENABLE ON
11-15
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
BOOT/POLICY CPU HALTS
Another CPU will take over as Policy CPU, as messages will
indicate. The console front end of the HALTed CPU at this time
will snapshot and restart the CPU.
NON BOOT CPU HALTS
The console front end of the HALTed CPU will snapshot and restart
the CPU.
RELOAD ENABLE OFF
Same as above with the exception that no automatic snapshots or
CPU restart will occur.
11.5.6 Identifying INFO and EVENT Stopcodes
INFO and EVENT stopcodes report on system events that may be of
interest in debugging crashes. These stopcodes are for informational
purposes only, and do not interrupt system or job execution.
11.6 RECOVERING FROM ERRORS DETECTED BY THE PARSER
When the front-end command language parser detects an error, it prints
one of the error messages listed in this section. The format of these
messages is:
PAR -- [command]message
where:
command is the name of the command that caused the error (or
PARSER if the error is in the command parser rather than
a command routine).
message is the error message.
----- PARSER Error Messages -----
AMB - AMBIGUOUS KEYWORD xxx
where xxx is the ambiguous keyword.
Problem: The PARSER found more than one keyword that matches the
abbreviation you typed.
11-16
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Solution: Type enough of the keyword to make it unique.
APE - KL APR ERROR
Problem: There is a CPU error.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
BAE - BURST ARGUMENT ERROR
Problem: There is an internal programming error.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
CAE - KL CRAM ADDRESS ERROR
Problem: There is an internal programming error.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
CBO - COMMAND BUFFER OVERFLOW
Problem: You typed more than 280 characters on one line.
Solution: Retype the command on two lines.
CDI - CLEAR DATE ILLEGAL
Problem: You tried to clear the interval date while the KL was in
primary protocol.
Solution: Clear the internal date when the KL is no longer in
primary protocol.
CES - CLOCK ERROR STOP - code ERROR STOP
where code is CRAM, DRAM, FM, or FS-STOP.
Problem: There is a fatal internal hardware error.
Solution: Write down the code and try to reload the system. If
this fails, call your Field Service representative and
tell him the code.
CFH - CAN'T FIND KL HALT LOOP
11-17
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: The PARSER cannot halt the KL.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
CLE - CONSOLE LIMIT EXCEEDED
Problem: You tried to set a console mode that is higher than the
console mode specified in the SET KLINIK dialog.
Solution: None. While the KLINIK line is active in remote mode,
you cannot set a console mode higher than the console
mode specified in the SET KLINIK dialog.
CNR - COMMAND IS NOT REPEATABLE
Problem: You tried to repeat a command that cannot be repeated.
Solution: None.
DAV - DATE ALREADY VALID
Problem: You tried to set a new internal date when the date
validity flag was on.
Solution: Turn off the validity flag. You can only set a new
internal date when the date validity flag is off.
DBT - DATE BEFORE TODAY
Problem: You tried to set a KLINIK open or close date that is
prior to the current date.
Solution: Set a KLINIK open or close date that is on or after the
current date.
DCK - DIVIDE CHECK
Problem: There is an internal programming error.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
DMF - DEPOSIT KL MEMORY FAILED
Problem: There is an internal programming error. RSX-20F did not
accept a deposit directive.
11-18
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Solution: Call your software specialist.
DNP - DTE-20 IS NOT PRIVILEGED
Problem: There is a fatal error. The DTE-20 mode switch is in
the wrong position.
Solution: Call either your software specialist or your Field
Service representative.
DOR - DAY OUT OF RANGE
Problem: You specified a nonexistent date.
Solution: Correct the date you specified.
DSF - DTE-20 STATUS FAILURE
Problem: A read or write to one of the DTE status registers
failed.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
DTC - DTE-20 CONFUSED - RUN AND HALT LOOP
Problem: There is a fatal error. The run and halt loop flags
were set at the same time.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
ECT - EBOX CLOCK TIMEOUT
Problem: While the PARSER was doing an execute function, the KL
did not reenter the halt loop within the allotted time.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
EMF - EXAMINE KL MEMORY FAILED
Problem: There is an internal programming error. RSX-20F did not
accept an examine directive.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
EOC - END OF COMMAND REQUIRED
11-19
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: You typed ? at the end of a command that requires no
additional arguments.
Solution: Retype the command and press RETURN.
EPE - EBUS PARITY ERROR
Problem: There is a fatal error. The PARSER encountered a parity
error on the EBUS.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
ESD - EBOX STOPPED - DEPOSIT
Problem: The PARSER executed a deposit directive and found that
the KL clock is stopped.
Solution: Reload the system. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
ESE - EBOX STOPPED - EXAMINE
Problem: The PARSER executed an examine directive and found that
the KL clock is stopped.
Solution: Reload the system. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
FRF - FUNCTION READ nnn FAILED
Problem: There is a fatal error. A diagnostic Function Read with
function code nnn failed. If the system crashed, try to
reload it.
Solution: Call your software specialist and your Field Service
representative.
FWF - FUNCTION WRITE nn FAILED
Problem: There is a fatal error. A diagnostic Function Write
with function code nn failed. If the system crashed,
try to reload it.
Solution: Call your software specialist and your Field Service
representative.
11-20
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
FXF - FUNCTION XCT nn FAILED
Problem: There is a fatal error. A diagnostic Function Execute
with function code nn failed. If the system crashed,
try to reload it.
Solution: Call your software specialist and your Field Service
representative.
IDF - ILLEGAL DATE FORMAT
Problem: You typed the date in the wrong format.
Solution: Retype the date as dd-mmm-yy or dd mmm yy. Day and year
must be numeric and month must be alphabetic.
IFC - ILLEGAL FUNCTION CODE
Problem: There is either an internal programming error or you
typed a diagnostic command with an invalid function
code. The valid function codes are:
o FREAD command - codes 100 through 177
o FWRITE command - codes 40 through 77
o FXCT command - codes 0 through 37
Solution: If this message did not result from entering a
diagnostic command, call your software specialist.
ILC - ILLEGAL CHARACTER c
where c is the illegal character. Characters that do not print
are converted to their printable equivalent and preceded by ^.
Problem: There is an illegal character is a command line.
Solution: Retype the command without the illegal character.
ILS - ILLEGAL SEPARATOR CHARACTER s
where s is the illegal separator character. Characters that do
not print are converted to their printable equivalent and
preceded by ^. A tab is converted to one space.
Problem: There is an illegal separator character in a command
line.
11-21
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Solution: Retype the command line without the illegal separator
character.
IOC - ILLEGAL KL OPCODE
Problem: Either you or the PARSER tried to execute a KL
instruction with an illegal opcode.
Solution: If this message did not result from an XCT command, call
your software specialist.
IPC - ILLEGAL PASSWORD CHARACTER c
where c is an illegal character.
Problem: You typed an illegal character in a password during the
SET KLINIK dialog.
Solution: Retype the password using only numeric or uppercase
alphabetic characters.
IRC - ILLEGAL REPEAT COUNT
Problem: You typed a zero or a negative argument to a REPEAT or a
SET REPEAT command.
Solution: Retype the command with an argument that is greater than
zero.
ITF - ILLEGAL TIME FORMAT
Problem: You typed a time in a format other than hh:mm or hhmm.
Solution: Retype the time in an acceptable format.
ITN - ILLEGAL TASK NAME
Problem: You typed the RUN or the MCR command with no task name.
Solution: Retype the command with the task name.
KCN - KL CLOCK IS OFF
Problem: You typed a command that requires that the KL clock be
on; however, the KL clock is off.
11-22
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Solution: Reload the system. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
KLA - KL ADDRESS ERROR
Problem: The KL address that you specified is over 22 bits, is
negative, or is not in octal radix.
Solution: Specify a KL address that is a positive octal number
made up of 22 or fewer bits.
KLR - ILLEGAL WHILE KL RUNNING
Problem: You tried to execute a command that is illegal while the
KL is running.
Solution: Execute the command when the KL is not running.
KNC - KL IS NOT CONTINUABLE
Problem: You tried to resume processing with the CONTINUE
command, but the KL is not in a continuable state. For
example, you cannot CONTINUE after a RESET command.
Solution: Give the CONTINUE command when the KL is in a
continuable state.
KWE - KLINIK WINDOW ERROR
Problem: During the SET KLINIK dialog, you specified a window
close date and time that is prior to the window open
date and time.
Solution: Specify a window close date and time that is after the
window open date and time.
MRA - MISSING REQUIRED ARGUMENT
Problem: You did not specify all of the arguments required by the
command.
Solution: Specify all of the arguments required by the command.
NDI - NULL DATE ILLEGAL
Problem: You pressed RETURN after the Date: prompt during the SET
11-23
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
DATE dialog.
Solution: Type a date and then press RETURN after the Date:
prompt.
NER - NUMERIC EXPRESSION REQUIRED
Problem: You typed a non-numeric expression as an argument to a
command that must have a numeric expression as an
argument.
Solution: Type a numeric expression as an argument to the command
that you typed.
NOR - INPUT NUMBER OUT OF RANGE
Problem: You typed a number that is either out of range or in the
wrong radix.
Solution: Type the correct number.
NPI - NULL PASSWORD ILLEGAL
Problem: You pressed RETURN after the PASSWORD: prompt during the
SET KLINIK dialog.
Solution: Type a password after the PASSWORD: prompt.
NSK - NO SUCH KEYWORD xxx
Problem: You typed a command that contained the invalid keyword
xxx.
Solution: Retype the command with a valid keyword.
NST - NO SUCH TASK
Problem: You specified a nonexistent task in an MCR or a RUN
command.
Solution: Specify a valid task.
NTI - NULL TIME ILLEGAL
Problem: You pressed RETURN after the Time: prompt during the SET
DATE dialog.
11-24
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Solution: Type a time and then press RETURN after the Time:
prompt.
OAI - ODD ADDRESS ILLEGAL
Problem: You tried to examine an odd-numbered PDP-11 address.
This is illegal.
Solution: You can examine only even-numbered PDP-11 addresses.
OFC - ODD FUNCTION CODE
Problem: There is an internal programming error.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
PTL - PASSWORD TOO LONG
Problem: You typed a password that is longer than thirty-nine
characters.
Solution: Type a password that is thirty-nine characters or less.
RPM - RIGHT PARENTHESIS MISSING
Problem: You omitted a right parenthesis in a numeric expression.
Solution: Type the command again, and put in the right
parenthesis.
SCF - SET CLOCK FAILED
Problem: There is a hardware error. The PARSER cannot validate
the clock enable parameters it has just set.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
SKI - SET KLINIK ILLEGAL WHILE KLINIK ACTIVE
Problem: You tried to set new KLINIK parameters while the KLINIK
link is active.
Solution: To change the parameters, you must first disconnect the
KLINIK link by typing DISCONNECT or CLEAR KLINIK.
11-25
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
SPF - SET PARITY FAILED
Problem: There is a hardware error. The PARSER cannot validate
the parity stop parameters it has just set.
Solution: Call your Field Service representative.
SZI - START AT ZERO ILLEGAL
Problem: You tried to start the KL at location 0. This is
illegal.
Solution: Start the KL at a different location.
TAA - TASK ALREADY ACTIVE
Problem: You issued an MCR or a RUN command for a task that is
already active.
Solution: Stop the task before restarting it.
TOR - TIME OUT OR RANGE
Problem: You typed a time with more than 23 hours or more than 59
minutes.
Solution: Retype the time.
UNL - KL MICROCODE NOT LOADED
Problem: The system tried to start the KL microcode and found
that it has not been loaded or it is not functioning.
Solution: Reload the microcode and the system by using the DISK,
DECtape, or FLOPPY switch or the switch register.
VFY - VERIFY FAILED
Problem: There is an internal programming error. The PARSER
cannot verify the correct execution of a DEPOSIT
command.
Solution: Call your software specialist.
WRM - COMMAND NOT AVAILABLE IN THIS CONSOLE MODE
11-26
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: You typed a command that is not available in the current
console mode.
Solution: Change the console mode by using the SET CONSOLE
command.
XTO - KL EXECUTE TIMED OUT
Problem: The KL failed to reenter the halt loop within the
allotted time while performing a fast internal Execute
Function.
Solution: Retype the command. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
YOR - YEAR OUT OF RANGE
Problem: You typed the wrong year.
Solution: Retype the year correctly.
11.7 RECOVERING FROM ERRORS DETECTED BY KLINIT
When the KL initialization program (KLINIT) detects an error, it
prints one of the following types of error messages.
1. KLINIT operator-dialog error message, which prints when your
answer to a KLINIT question is unacceptable. (See Section
11.7.1.)
2. KLINIT warning messages, which print when an unusual (but not
fatal) condition exists. (See Section 11.7.2.)
3. System error messages, which print when KLINIT detects an
error from which it cannot recover. (See Section 11.7.3.)
11.7.1 KLINIT Operator-Dialog Error Message
The KLINIT operator-dialog error message indicates that your answer to
a KLINIT question is unacceptable. KLINIT prints the error message,
reprints the question, and then reprints the KLI> prompt.
Currently, the following is the only operator-dialog error message:
KLI -- COMMAND SYNTAX ERROR
11-27
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: You did not type one of the possible answers specified
in the question.
Solution: Type one of the acceptable answers or press RETURN
answer.
11.7.2 KLINIT Warning Messages
KLINIT prints one of the following warning messages when an unusual
condition exists. After KLINIT prints a warning message, the KLINIT
operator dialog continues.
KLI -- % EXTERNAL CORE MEMORY IS OFFLINE
Problem: A DMA20 external memory controller is off-line.
Solution: KLINIT tries to reconfigure the system without the
controller in question.
KLI -- % NO FILE - ALL CACHE BEING CONFIGURED
Problem: The default to the RECONFIGURE CACHE question was taken
and KLINIT could not find the KL.CFG file in the
directory.
Solution: KLINIT enables all caches.
KLI -- % NO FILE - ALL MEMORY BEING CONFIGURED
Problem: The default to the CONFIGURE KL MEMORY question was
taken and KLINIT could not find the KL.CFG file in the
directory.
Solution: KLINIT configures all available memory and sets the
interleaving at the highest level consistent with the
setting of the interleave switches on the memory units.
11.7.3 KLINIT System Error Messages
System error messages indicate conditions in which KLINIT cannot
continue. These conditions can be caused by software, hardware, or
environmental failures. Sometimes you can try again successfully;
other times, you may have to call your Field Service representative or
your software specialist. Save all of the console log data and every
memory-dump listing to help your Field Service representative or
11-28
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
software specialists solve the problem.
Unless otherwise noted, after KLINIT prints a system error message,
the system restarts the KLINIT operator dialog and prints the KLI>
prompt again. Files are specified in the message text in the
following form:
dev:filename.ext;version
The following are the system error messages:
KLI -- ? BOOTSTRAP LOAD FAILED
Problem: A software or hardware error occurred while the KL
bootstrap program was being loaded.
Solution: Reload the bootstrap program. To do this, type BOOT and
press RETURN to answer the KLI> prompt. If the problem
persists, call your Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? C-RAM DIFFERS AT xxxxxx
KLI -- BAD xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx
KLI -- GOOD xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx
KLI -- XOR xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx
Problem: While KLINIT was trying to verify the microcode, the
contents of octal location xxxxxx in the KL10 control
RAM did not match the corresponding code in the
appropriate microcode file. The actual contents of the
location are printed, followed by the expected contents.
The last line is the result of a bit-by-bit exclusive-OR
(XOR) of the actual and expected values.
Solution: Reload the KL microcode and verify it with the KLINIT
operator dialog. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? CACHE ENABLE FAILED
Problem: A hardware error may have occurred while KLINIT was
trying to configure the cache memory.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, call
your Field Service representative. Also, you can
temporarily reconfigure with no cache memory.
KLI -- ? CANNOT FIND [5,5] DIRECTORY
11-29
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: KLINIT cannot locate the RSX-20F system file directory;
a software error may have overlaid it. The system exits
from KLINIT.
Solution: Reload the system. If the problem persists, call your
software specialist.
KLI -- ? CANNOT FIND HALT LOOP
Problem: KLINIT tried to start the microcode, but it is not
running properly.
Solution: Reload the microcode. If the problem persists, call
your Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? CANNOT GET DEVICES
Problem: KLINIT cannot open a system device for communications.
This is probably a software error in RSX-20F. The
system exits from KLINIT.
Solution: Reload the system. If the problem persists, call your
software specialist.
KLI -- ? CANNOT RUN KLINIT WHILE KL IS IN PRIMARY PROTOCOL
Problem: You tried to run KLINIT while the KL10 was running.
This can occur only if you load KLINIT by typing RUN
KLINIT to the PARSER and then press RETURN. The system
exits to the monitor.
Solution: If you want to run KLINIT again, follow the steps to
shut down the monitor. Then reload the system and enter
KLINIT again. If the monitor does not shut down
properly, set the console to PROGRAMMER mode and reload
KLINIT.
KLI -- ? CANNOT START KL
Problem: A hardware or software failure occurred while KLINIT was
trying to restart after a power failure or system crash
during memory determination.
Solution: Reload the microcode and try the operation again. If
the problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
11-30
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
KLI -- ? CLOCK ERROR STOP DURING KL RESTART
Problem: The KL processor clock stopped while KLINIT was
monitoring a restart.
Solution: Try to load the KL bootstrap and monitor again. If the
problem persists, call your software specialist.
KLI -- ? CONFIGURATION FILE NOT CHANGED
Problem: The KL.CFG configuration file could not be updated
because KLINIT could not read the old file, could not
write the new file, or some other error occurred.
Solution: Delete the old configuration file and try the operation
again. If the problem persists, call your software
specialist.
KLI -- ? D-RAM DIFFERS AT xxxxxx
KLI -- BAD A:x B:x P:x J:xxxx A:x B:x P:x J:xxxx
KLI -- GOOD A:x B:x P:x J:xxxx A:x B:x P:x J:xxxx
KLI -- XOR A:x B:x P:x J:xxxx A:x B:x P:x J:xxxx
Problem: While KLINIT was trying to verify the microcode, the
contents of octal location xxxxxx in the KL10 dispatch
RAM did not match the corresponding code in the
appropriate microcode file. The actual contents of the
location are printed, the even location first, and the
odd location next. The next line is the expected
contents of the two locations. The last line is the
result of a bit-by-bit exclusive-OR (XOR) of the actual
and the expected values.
Solution: Reload the KL microcode and verify it with the KLINIT
operator dialog. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? DEPOSIT FAILED
Problem: KLINIT could not store information in KL10 memory.
Solution: Reload the system and try to deposit again. If the
problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
KLI -- ? DEVICE 'device' FULL
Problem: KLINIT could not find room on the specified front-end
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
load device for an updated copy of the configuration
file KL.CFG.
Solution: Exit from KLINIT and use an RSX-20F system program such
as PIP to delete files and make room for the updated
KL.CFG file. Then, reenter KLINIT and try the operation
again.
KLI -- ? DF EXECUTE FAILED
Problem: A diagnostic Function Execute failed while KLINIT was
initializing the KL10 processor.
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
KLI -- ? DF READ FAILED
Problem: A diagnostic Function Read failed while KLINIT was
initializing the KL10 processor.
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
KLI -- ? DF WRITE FAILED
Problem: A diagnostic Function Write failed while KLINIT was
initializing the KL10 processor.
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
KLI -- ? DIRECTIVE ERROR -n ON FILE 'filename'
where n is an octal error code used by Software Support.
Problem: A system error occurred while KLINIT was trying to
access the file 'filename.'
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your software specialist.
KLI -- ? EXAMINE FAILED
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: KLINIT cannot examine the contents of KL10 memory.
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
KLI -- ? FATAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION ERROR - CODE xxx
where xxx is an error code that specifies the type of error.
(See below for definitions of the error codes.)
Problem: KLINIT encountered an error while it was trying to
configure memory. Usually, this message prints when
there is a hardware problem or a software bug.
Solution: Code Action
3BB None. This error code is a debugging aid that
should not occur in normal operation. There may
be a CPU fault. Call your Field Service
representative.
ABS None. There is a CPU error. Call your Field
Service representative.
APL Make sure that the microcode has been loaded and
try again. If the problem persists, the CPU may
have failed. In this case, call your Field
Service representative.
B4M None. If the hardware environment has not
changed, and you have been able to boot memory
successfully in the past, the problem may be in
the hardware. However, if you have an unusual
hardware configuration, you may have encountered a
software bug. Call your Field Service
representative. If your Field Service
representative cannot fix the problem, call your
software specialist.
BCM None. If the hardware environment has not
changed, and you have been able to boot memory
successfully in the past, the problem may be in
the hardware. However, if you have an unusual
hardware configuration, you may have encountered a
software bug. Call your Field Service
representative. If your Field Service
representative cannot fix the problem, call your
software specialist.
BTL None. There is a software bug. Call your
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
software specialist.
CES None. There is a hardware problem. Call your
Field Service representative.
CFT None. If the hardware environment has not
changed, and you have been able to boot memory
successfully in the past, the problem may be in
the hardware. However, if you have an unusual
hardware configuration, you may have encountered a
software bug. Call your Field Service
representative. If your Field Service
representative cannot fix the problem, call your
software specialist.
CTF Set all MF20 controllers to software state 0 and
try again. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
DCB None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
EDE Make sure that the microcode has been loaded and
try again. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
FOE None. Call your software specialist.
GOO None. If the hardware environment has not
changed, and you have been able to boot memory
successfully in the past, the problem may be in
the hardware. However, if you have an unusual
hardware configuration, you may have encountered a
software bug. Call your Field Service
representative. If your Field Service
representative cannot fix the problem, call your
software specialist.
HOV None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
IEE Make sure that the microcode has been loaded and
try again. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
LDE None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
MAB None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
MFE None. This halt often indicates a memory
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
controller failure, especially if the hardware
environment has not changed and you have been able
to boot memory in the past. Also, you may have
encountered a software bug. Call your Field
Service representative. If your Field Service
representative cannot fix the problem, call your
software specialist.
MMR None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
MNA None. If the hardware environment has not changed
and you have been able to boot memory successfully
in the past, there is probably a hardware problem.
However, if you have an unusual hardware
configuration, you may have encountered a software
bug. Call your Field Service representative. If
your Field Service representative cannot fix the
problem, call your software specialist.
NBS None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
NHA None. If the hardware environment has not changed
and you have been able to boot memory successfully
in the past, there may be a hardware problem.
However, if you have an unusual hardware
configuration, you may have encountered a software
bug. Call your Field Service representative. If
your Field Service representative cannot fix the
problem, call your software specialist.
NMS None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
ODL None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
OO2 None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
PDH Make sure that the microcode has been loaded and
try again. If the problem persists, call your
Field Service representative.
SB4 None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
SIH None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
SNR None. There is a software problem. Call your
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
software specialist.
SS0 None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
TMD None. There is a software problem. Call your
software specialist.
UMB None. If the hardware environment has not changed
and you have been able to boot memory successfully
in the past, there may be a hardware problem.
However, if you have an unusual hardware
configuration, you may have encountered a software
bug. Call your Field Service representative. If
your Field Service representative cannot fix the
problem, call your software specialist.
XOO None. If the hardware environment has not changed
and you have been able to boot memory successfully
in the past, there may be a hardware problem.
However, if you have an unusual hardware
configuration, you may have encountered a software
bug. Call your Field Service representative. If
your Field Service representative cannot fix the
problem, call your software specialist.
KLI -- ? FILE 'filename' NOT FOUND
Problem: KLINIT cannot find BOOT.EXB, the appropriate microcode
file, or the alternate KL bootstrap file in the RSX-20F
file directory [5,5] on SY0:.
Solution: Make sure that the file you requested resides on the
front-end load device and try the operation again.
KLI -- ? I/O ERROR -n ON FILE 'filename'
where n is an RSX-11 octal error code used by Software Support.
Problem: An I/O error occurred while KLINIT was trying to access
the file 'filename.'
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your software specialist.
KLI -- ? ILLEGAL BUS-MODE
Problem: You specified a bus-mode under which the current DMA20
configuration cannot operate.
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Solution: Try the operation again without the illegal bus-mode
setting. If the problem persists, call your software
specialist.
KLI -- ? ILLEGAL MF20 TIMING FILE FORMAT
Problem: The MF20 timing file is in the wrong format.
Solution: Try the operation again with a new copy of the timing
file. The current MF20 timing file name is BF16N1.A11.
KLI -- ? INPUT RECORD LENGTH ERROR
Problem: An error occurred while KLINIT was trying to read
KL.CFG, the appropriate microcode file, or the KL
bootstrap file. This error could have been caused by
software or hardware failure.
Solution: If possible, try other copies of the files. If the
problem persists, call your software specialist. If the
file in question is KL.CFG, you can solve the error by
renaming or deleting the file. KLINIT will then write a
new KL.CFG file.
KLI -- ? INSUFFICIENT MEMORY FOR BOOTSTRAP
Problem: KLINIT tried to load the bootstrap program where there
is not enough or no memory available. The memory-
selection switches on the memory units may be set
incorrectly.
Solution: Check the memory-selection switches on the memory units
and try the operation again. If the problem persists,
call your Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? KL HALT DURING RESTART
Problem: The KL processor stopped on a HALT instruction while
KLINIT was monitoring a restart operation.
Solution: Boot and load the KL monitor again. If the problem
persists, call your software specialist.
KLI -- ? MASTER RESET FAILED
Problem: There is a hardware error. A master reset function to
the KL failed.
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
KLI -- ? MEMORY CONFIGURATION FAILED
Problem: A hardware or software error occurred while KLINIT was
configuring memory.
Solution: Reload the system and try the operation again. If the
problem persists, call your Field Service
representative.
KLI -- ? MF20 TIMING FILE CHECKSUM ERROR
Problem: A checksum error occurred while KLINIT was accessing the
MF20 timing file. This occurs during memory
configuration.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, try
once more with a new copy of the timing file. The
current MF20 timing file name is BF16N1.A11.
KLI -- ? MF20 TIMING FILE READ ERROR
Problem: A read error occurred while KLINIT was accessing the
MF20 timing file.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, try
once more with a new copy of the timing file. The
current MF20 timing file name is BF16N1.A11.
KLI -- ? MICROCODE FIX FAILED
Problem: While KLINIT was trying to fix the microcode, it
encountered more than five hard (irreparable) errors.
Solution: Reload the microcode. If the problem persists, call
your Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? MICROCODE LOAD FAILED
Problem: A hardware or software error occurred while KLINIT was
loading the KL microcode.
Solution: Reload the microcode. If the problem persists, call
your Field Service representative.
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
KLI -- ? MICROCODE VERIFY FAILED
Problem: While KLINIT was verifying the KL microcode, it
discovered errors. These errors are itemized in
preceding error messages.
Solution: Reload the microcode and verify it. If the problem
persists, call your Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? NO MEMORY AT LOCATION ZERO
Problem: When KLINIT was configuring memory, it could not locate
any memory unit whose address switches were set to zero.
Solution: Check the memory units and make sure that one memory
unit has its address switches set to zero; then, try
loading again.
KLI -- ? NO MF20 TIMING FILE
Problem: KLINIT cannot find an MF20 timing file.
Solution: Try the operation again with a new copy of the timing
file. The current MF20 timing file name is BF16N1.A11.
KLI -- ? NONEXISTENT CONTROLLER
Problem: KLINIT tried to configure a controller and found that it
was not there.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, call
your Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? NONEXISTENT MODULE/BLOCK
Problem: KLINIT tried to configure a module or block that does
not exist in the controller.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, call
your Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? OUTPUT RECORD LENGTH ERROR
Problem: An error occurred while KLINIT was trying to write an
updated configuration file, KL.CFG.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, call
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
your software specialist.
KLI -- ? POWER-FAIL RESTART FAILED
Problem: KLINIT could not restart the KL processor during a
power-fail recovery.
Solution: Reload the system using one of the load-switch
procedures. If the system does not come up, call your
Field Service representative.
KLI -- ? READ ERROR
Problem: A hardware or software error occurred while KLINIT was
accessing KL.CFG, the appropriate microcode file, or the
KL bootstrap file.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, call
your software specialist. If the file in question is
KL.CFG, you can get around the read operation by
renaming or deleting the file. A new file will be
written.
KLI -- ? READ PC FAILED
Problem: KLINIT cannot read the KL PC during memory
configuration.
Solution: Try the operation again. If the problem persists, call
your software specialist.
KLI -- ? SYSTEM ERROR DURING KL RESTART
Problem: A KLINIT software error occurred during a KL restart
operation.
Solution: Reload the system using one of the load-switch
procedures. If the problem persists, call your software
specialist.
KLI -- ? TIMEOUT DURING KL RESTART
Problem: While KLINIT was monitoring a KL restart, the 30-second
time limit was exceeded.
Solution: Try reloading the KL processor with the default KLINIT
operator-dialog answers. If the problem persists, call
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
your software specialist.
KLI -- ? WRITE ERROR
Problem: A hardware or software error occurred while KLINIT was
writing an updated copy of the configuration file
KL.CFG.
Solution: Try the write operation again. If the problem persists,
call your software specialist.
11.8 RECOVERING FROM PARITY AND NXM ERRORS
Memory-system errors are hardware errors. The types of memory-system
errors are:
1. Parity errors
2. NXM (nonexistent memory) errors
When the system detects a parity or NXM error, it performs the
following steps:
1. Prints a series of informational messages that describe the
error.
You should record these informational messages in the system
logbook. They are very important because they provide the
system programmers and your Field Service representative with
information that will help them troubleshoot the problem. To
make the informational messages easy to identify, 15
asterisks (that is, ***************) print on the CTY above
and below each message series. (See Examples 1 through 3.)
2. Tries to automatically recover in the way that causes the
least amount of damage.
3. Prints one of the following error messages if it cannot
recover:
?Non-recoverable memory parity error in monitor.
[CPU Halt]
?Non-existent memory detected in monitor.
[CPU Halt]
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
If either of these error messages prints on the CTY, perform
the following steps:
a. Record the error messages that print on the CTY in the
system logbook.
b. Try to manually dump and reload the monitor. (See
Section 11.2.2.)
c. If you cannot dump and reload, reconfigure memory using
the information supplied in the series of informational
messages. To reconfigure memory, see Section 11.9.2.
d. If you cannot reconfigure memory, call your Field Service
representative.
Examples 1 through 3 are examples of what you will see on the CTY of
the affected CPU when the monitor detects a memory error.
Example 1: (CPU Parity Error Interrupt)
***************
CPU0 parity error interrupt at exec PC 562343 on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
CONI APR, = 007760,,204413
CONI PI, = 000000,010377
ERA = 334000,,560271
Error invoked by a cache write-back forced by a sweep instruction.
SBUS DIAGS:
CNTRLR FNC 0 FNC 1
000004 006420,,560271 000200,,000000
***************
Example 2: (CPU Parity Trap)
***************
CPU0 AR/ARX parity trap at user PC 011260 on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
Job 42[WRTBAD] was running
Page fail word = 767000,011271
Mapped page fail address = 547000,,560271
Incorrect contents = 000000,,000000
CONI PI, = 000000,,000377
Recovery unsuccessful. Offending location zeroed.
***************
Example 3: (Memory Parity Scan)
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
***************
Memory parity scan initiated by channel 0 on CPU0 on dd-mmm-yy
hh:mm:ss
Parity errors detected:
at 253271 (phys.), Contents = 000000,,000000
***************
11.9 RECOVERING FROM BAD MEMORY
There may be times when an error message indicates that a portion of a
memory module or a whole module is unusable. Under certain
conditions, you can set a portion of memory off-line and let the
system continue processing. If this is not possible, you will have to
stop the system, reconfigure memory without the affected module, and
reload the system.
11.9.1 Setting Memory Off-Line
To set memory off-line, first make sure that the following conditions
are met:
1. There will still be a reasonable amount of memory left for
user programs after memory is off-line. Your system
administrator will determine what is a "reasonable amount."
2. The memory to be set off-line is not interleaved. (If
interleaved memory is set off-line, memory that is good and
usable will also be placed off-line.)
Then, give the following monitor command:
.SET MEMORY OFF-LINE FROM N TO M <RET>
When the SET MEMORY OFF-LINE command is successful, the system
continues. Memory that was set off-line is not referenced.
If the conditions above cannot be met, you must reconfigure memories.
In this case, see Section 11.9.2.
11.9.2 Reconfiguring Memories
To reconfigure memories, perform the following steps:
1. Skip Steps 2 and 3 if the bad memory is in the lower 112K.
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
2. Set the bad memory off-line. (See Section 11.9.1.) However,
if no job can run without that memory, do not try to make the
command succeed; skip Step 3.
3. Stop timesharing. See Section 4.3.2 to stop timesharing at a
specified time. Allow enough time for those jobs that can
run to complete their processing.
4. Type everything that is underscored in the following sample
dialog:
^\ Type CTRL/backslash,
which does not print, to
communicate with the
PARSER.
PAR>SET CONSOLE MAINTENANCE<RET> This changes the console
mode.
PAR>RESET<RET> This causes a master
reset of the KL10
processor.
5. Deselect the bad memory, check the lower-bound addresses
(memory-address switches) to get contiguous memory, and
correctly set the interleave switches.
6. Reload the monitor as usual. (See Chapter 5.)
11.10 RESTARTING A HUNG CONSOLE TERMINAL (LA36)
If you try to type commands at a CTY and no characters print, make
certain the following conditions are met:
o The CTY should be plugged in.
o There should be paper in the CTY. (If you replenish the
supply, and characters still do not print, switch the CTY to
LOCAL and then back to ON-LINE.)
o The fuse on the vertical panel under the keyboard should not
appear burned out.
o The CTY should work when it is set to LOCAL.
o The CTY should be on-line.
o The CTY should be set to the correct speed.
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
o You should not be able to communicate with the PARSER by
typing CTRL/backslash. If you can, type QUIT or CTRL/Z to
return to the monitor.
o No other terminals should work.
If the above conditions are met, reload the system from disk or
magnetic tape. If not, or if the problem persists, call your Field
Service representative.
11.11 FINDING A MISSING MONITOR FILE
If the bootstrap program BOOT is unsuccessful in loading the system
from a cold start, or if BOOT cannot reload the monitor from disk,
this message will appear on the CTY that is attached to the Boot CPU.
%File not found dev:file.ext[ppn]
In either case, the message indicates that the file you specified
could not be located.
To solve either of these problems, check that you have:
o Correctly specified a nondefault monitor name if your
installation uses a nondefault monitor.
o Mounted the correct disk packs.
o Set the mounted disk packs on-line.
If these conditions are met, but you still cannot load from disk, try
loading from magnetic tape. (See Section 5.5.2.) If the system comes
up for timesharing, the copy of the monitor file on the disk was
probably a bad one. In this case, restore a good copy of the monitor
from a BACKUP tape onto DSKB:.
However, if the system does not come up for timesharing, there may be
problems with the file system. In this case, your software specialist
may want to investigate the problem before you attempt to reconstruct
the entire disk or recreate the file system.
11.12 RECOVERING FROM FRONT-END PROCESSOR ERRORS
The front-end processors fall into two categories:
1. The console/diagnostic front end, which allows you to
communicate with the system and also acts as a tool for
system diagnosis.
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
2. The communications front ends, which control local terminals
and remote stations.
Front-end error recovery is based not only on processor use, but also
on the type of interface to the CPUs. The console/diagnostic
processor, DN20, and DN87S communications front ends use the DTE20
interface to access memory. The DN85 and DN87 communications front
ends use the DL10 interface to access memory.
11.12.1 Recovering from DTE20-Interfaced Error
When a CPU senses that a communications front end is not running, it
checks to see if DTELDR is running and if the /AUTO switch for
automatic reloading of front ends is in effect. (/AUTO is a DTELDR
switch; DTELDR is the program that dumps and loads front ends that are
connected to a CPU by a DTE20 interface.)
If /AUTO is in effect, DTELDR automatically reloads the front end from
a default load file. The default load file is named SYS:DTELxy.BIN
where x is the number of the affected CPU and y is the DTE number 0,
1, 2, or 3. Unless you include the /NODUMP switch in the DTELDR
command, DTELDR then dumps the front-end memory to a default dump
file. Default dump files are named XPN:DTEDxy.BIN, where x is the
number of the affected CPU and y is the DTE number 0, 1, 2, or 3.
Successive dumps of the same front end are given unique file
extensions of .B00, .B01, .B02, and so forth, up to .B99.
Enabling automatic reloading from communications front ends is the
same as enabling it for the console front end. To define the DTE
subjob for the front end attached to DTE1, include the following
entries in your OPR.ATO file:
:SLOG<RET> Log in a subjob.
:DEF DTE=<RET> Call the subjob DTE.
DTE-R DTELDR<RET> Run DTELDR.
DTE-/INIT:1<RET> Initialize the front end
attached to DTE1.
DTE-/AUTO<RET> Automatically reload the
front end after a crash.
If your OPR.ATO file does not include /AUTO, you can run DTELDR from
any terminal logged in under [1,2]. In this case, you have a choice
of restart procedures. You can either use the default file name, or
specify one as shown below after the DTELDR star (*) prompt.
.R DTELDR<RET> Run DTELDR.
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
*/RELOAD:2<RET> Get the program in file
SYS:DTEL02.BIN <RET>
(default name).
or
*DTA3:COMSYS.BIN/RELOAD:1/NODUMP<RET> Reload the front end on
DTE1 with the file
COMSYS.BIN on DECtape
drive 3. Do not take a
front-end memory dump.
To print a description of the DTELDR program switches on your CTY,
type /HELP after the * prompt prints.
11.12.2 Recovering from DL10-Interfaced Errors
When a DL10-interfaced front end (DN85, or DN87) crashes, one of the
following error messages prints on the OPR terminal:
%%PDP-11 number n is not running
%%PDP-11 number n is halted at pc
where:
n is port number 0 though 3 for the first DL10, and 4 through 7
for the second, if any.
pc is the address of the halt in the front end.
BOOT11 is the program that dumps and loads over a DL10. BOOT11 should
be available on SYS:. To dump and reload DL10-interfaced front ends,
type everything that is underscored in the following sample dialog:
.R BOOT11<RET> Load BOOT11.
File:/DUMP/PORTNO:p<RET> Dump the entire front-end
memory attached to port p
into the default file
DSKB:PDPIp.LSD, where p
is the port number.
File:DN87.BIN/CLEAR/START/PORTNO:p<RET> Clear the front-end
memory attached to port p
and load and start the
program from the file
DSKB:DN87.BIN[1,2], or
press RETURN to load the
default file spec.
DSKB:PDPXIp.BIN[1,2],
where p is the port
number.
"PDP-11 dumping Front-end memory is being
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
dumped into a TOPS-10
file.
"PDP-11 dumped
"Clearing PDP-11 Front-end memory is being
zeroed (cleared).
"PDP-11 loading The front end is being
loaded with formatted
binary input file data.
"PDP-11 loaded Loading is complete.
"PDP-11 started The front end is now
executing in its own
memory.
For additional information on BOOT11 switches, see the BOOT11
specification in the Software Notebooks and the SYS:BOOT11.HLP file.
11.13 RECOVERING FROM DATA CHANNEL ERRORS
The DX10 data channel provides direct access to memory and is an
integrated part of the TU70-series magnetic-tape systems. The DX10
contains a PDP-8A processor.
The DX20 data channel provides direct access to memory and is an
integrated part of the TU70-series magnetic-tape systems and the RP20
disk systems. The DX20 contains a microprocessor.
You must load or reload this microprocessor whenever you first power
up the DX10 or DX20 data channel, or after Field Service maintenance
has been performed. Usually, the KL10 automatically reloads the DX10
or DX20 after a crash. If a power fail occurs, the data channel must
be loaded manually. The procedure for manually reloading the DX10 or
DX20 are described below.
If the PDP-8A in the DX10 halts, the following message prints on the
OPR terminal:
%%Tape controller MTx is off line
where x specifies the controller that is attached to the data channel,
for example, MTA, MTB.
If the microprocessor in the DX20 halts, the following message prints
on the OPR terminal:
%%Tape controller MTx if off line
where x specifies the controller that is attached to the DX20, for
example, MTA, MTB.
To manually reload the DX10 or DX20 data channel, issue the following
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ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
commands to the CONFIG program:
.R OPR<RET>
OPR>ENTER CONFIG<RET>
CONFIG>LOAD MTx<RET>
CONFIG>EXIT
where x is the tape controller identification.
11.14 ALLOWING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS WITH KLINIK
The KLINIK link allows a DIGITAL Field Service representative or
software specialist to diagnose a problem in your system from a remote
location. This means that DIGITAL's Field Service product-support
group and software specialists can collect and analyze performance
data without traveling to your installation.
To allow access from the KLINIK link, you must first ask the person
who is doing the diagnosis the following questions:
o What is the link to be used for? Is it to be used as a
timesharing terminal or as a remote CTY?
o What is the password (only if it is to be used as a remote
CTY)?
o What is the time period in which access to the KLINIK link
will be required?
o What is the highest console mode?
To use the KLINIK link as a remote CTY, establish the password FGH,
allow access between the current time and 24 hours later, and allow
MAINTENANCE as the highest console mode, type everything that is
underscored in the following sample dialog:
PAR>SET KLINIK<RET>
KLINIK mode: REMOTE<RET>
Password: FGH<RET>
Access window open date:<RET>
Access window open time:<RET>
Access window close date:<RET>
Access window close time:<RET>
Highest console mode: MAINTENANCE<RET>
KLINIK inactive
Access window open: dd-mmm-yy hh:mm<RET>
Access window closed: dd-mmm-yy hh:mm<RET>
KLINIK mode: REMOTE<RET>
Highest console mode: MAINTENANCE<RET>
11-49
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
PAR>QUIT<RET>
To terminate an active KLINIK link, type everything that is
underscored in the following sample dialog:
PAR>CLEAR KLINIK<RET>
KLINIK DISABLED
KLD -- KLINIK ACCESS TERMINATED BY OPERATOR
PAR>DISCONNECT<RET>
KLD -- KLINIK LINK DISCONNECTED
^\
PAR>
To find out what KLINIK parameters have been set, type WHAT KLINIK to
the PARSER.
For more information on CLEAR KLINIK, DISCONNECT, SET KLINIK, and WHAT
KLINIK, refer to the TOPS-10/TOPS-20 RSX-20F System Reference Manual.
11.14.1 KLINIK Informational Messages
While you are using KLINIK, you may receive one or more of the
messages listed in this section. These messages are for your
information only; they do not indicate errors.
KLD -- KLINIK access terminated by operator
If the KLINIK link is active and you give the CLEAR KLINIK
command, this message prints on both the CTY and the remote
KLINIK CTY. This means that the KLINIK access window has been
closed, the KLINIK link has been terminated, and the KLINIK
parameters have been cleared.
KLD -- KLINIK disconnect
This message prints on the CTY and the remote KLINIK CTY after
you give the DISCONNECT command to the PARSER to terminate
KLINIK access by hanging up the modem.
KLR -- KLINIK line connected to RSX-20F mode limit c
This message prints on the CTY and the remote KLINIK CTY when
the remote KLINIK user specifies REMOTE KLINIK mode during the
KLINIK link access procedure. The mode limit c is MAINTENANCE,
PROGRAMMER, or OPERATOR--whatever you specified as the highest
console mode with the SET KLINIK command.
11-50
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
KLR -- KLINIK line connected to TOPS-10
This message prints on the CTY and the remote KLINIK CTY when a
remote KLINIK user is trying to gain access to the KLINIK link
in USER KLINIK mode. The remote KLINIK CTY can then be used
for timesharing.
KLR -- KLINIK ring -- validating access
If you specified REMOTE KLINIK mode in the last SET KLINIK
command and a user at a remote location has just dialed in to
try to gain access to the KLINIK link, this message prints on
the CTY.
SAV -- *DIAG* -- KLINIK line active in USER mode
This message prints on the CTY and the remote KLINIK CTY if
RSX-20F is reloaded and the KLINIK link is active in USER mode.
SAV -- *DIAG* -- KLINIK line active in REMOTE mode
SAV -- *DIAG* -- KLINIK line connected to system console
These messages print on the CTY and the remote KLINIK CTY if
RSX-20F is reloaded and the KLINIK link is active in REMOTE
mode.
11.14.2 KLINIK Error Messages
While you are using KLINIK, you may receive an error message. Some of
these error messages are printed by PARSER, others are printed by
KLINIK. This section lists the error messages that are printed by
KLINIK. For information on PARSER error messages, see Section 11.6.
KLR -- KLINIK LOGON timeout -- LOGON aborted
KLD -- KLINIK line disconnected
Problem: You specified REMOTE KLINIK mode in the last SET KLINIK
command and the KLINIK user at a remote location gave
the wrong password five times within 2 minutes. (These
messages print on the CTY and the remote KLINIK CTY.)
Solution: The KLINIK user at a remote location must redial and go
through the validation sequence again.
KLR -- KLINIK ring -- KLINIK window closed
11-51
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
Problem: A user at a remote location tried to gain access to the
KLINIK link but the access window is closed or not
defined. (This message prints on the CTY and the remote
KLINIK CTY.)
Solution: The KLINIK user at a remote location must go through the
validation sequence.
SAV -- *FATAL* -- Protocols not running
Problem: There may be a serious software or hardware problem.
Solution: Try to reload the system. If you cannot reload the
system, call your Field Service representative.
11.15 RECOVERING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ERRORS
The causes of environmental crashes are varied. They include power
fluctuations, power outages, temperature extremes, water leaks,
accidental spills, mechanical shocks, and so forth. Some of these
environmental problems are easy to detect before they cause the system
to crash. For example, if the air-conditioning system fails, the rise
in temperature could cause a system crash. Other environmental
problems, however, will occur without warning.
Whenever possible, you should perform an orderly shutdown if any of
these conditions are imminent. When the problem is solved, you can
power up and reload the system.
When either a power fluctuation or outage occurs, a power-failure
detection circuit senses it, and initiates a power-failure interrupt.
This interrupt triggers the operation of a program that saves the PC,
flags, mode information, and fast memory registers; then it halts the
processors. The system will try to recover automatically when power
is restored.
If the temperature rises above an acceptable level, it is sensed by
temperature sensors, which causes the power to be shut down and
initiates the power-failure interrupt sequence.
A power fluctuation is a variation in line voltage that occurs over a
short time. Although the power is not lost completely, the system
will probably go through an automatic restart procedure.
A power outage is a complete loss of power. If the power goes off and
then comes back on suddenly, the surge of power can damage the
equipment. Therefore, when the power goes off, turn the START/STOP
switch on all disk drives to STOP. When the power has been restored,
the system will go through an automatic restart procedure.
11-52
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
If the automatic restart procedure after a power outage or fluctuation
is unsuccessful, perform the following steps:
1. Check all equipment to make sure that there is power. If
there is power, try to power up. (See Sections 4.2 and 4.3.)
If this fails, call your Field Service representative.
2. If necessary, reload the monitor. If the monitor will not
reload, check the various controllers; clear them if
necessary, and try to reload the monitor. If this also
fails, call your Field Service representative.
+---------------+-----------+
| | |
_______ _____ _____ _______
| CPU1 | | MEM | | MEM | | CPU0 |
| | |_____| |_____| | |
|_______| ^ ^ |_______|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| +-----------+--------------+ |
| |
| +-----------+-----------------+
| | |
| | |
| v v
| ______ ______ Disks are
| DISK 1 DISK 0 dual-ported
| ______ ______
| ^ ^
| | |
----------------+-----------+
SMP system before splitting
Continued on next page.
11-53
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
+---------------+- - / / - -+
SYSTEM | | SYSTEM
A | v | B
_______ _____ _____ _______
| CPU1 | | MEM | | MEM | | CPU0 |
| | |_____| |_____| | |
|_______| | ^ |_______|
| | | |
| | | | |
| +- - / /- - +--------------+ |
| |
| +- -/ /- - -+-----------------+
| | |
| |
| | v CPU0 is allotted a
| ______ ______ portion of memory
| DISK 1 DISK 0 and single-port access
| ______ ______ to one or more drives;
| ^ | then can be reconfigured
| | as System B.
----------------+- -/ /- - -+
SMP system split for temporary use
Figure 11-1: Conceptual Diagram of Splitting the System
11.16 SPLITTING AN SMP SYSTEM
It is possible to split an SMP system into two or more smaller
systems. For instance, Field Service could use one system to
troubleshoot a problem without disrupting timesharing in the other
parts of your SMP system. However, splitting the system is a delicate
procedure. Therefore, do not attempt to split the system unless your
system administrator requests you to do so.
Essentially, you turn off parts of the system (a processor, a portion
of memory, and one or more disk units), and then allow Field Service
to reconfigure those parts into a separate system for diagnostics.
(In this explanation, we refer to the smaller system as System B and
its processor as CPU0.) The remaining system (which we refer to as
System A, with processor CPU1) can continue to provide timesharing.
For this discussion, we assume a dual-processor system. On a system
with more processors, all non-Policy CPU's are treated identically.
To split your SMP system, you must logically remove the one processor,
the amount of memory your system administrator decides to allot, and
one or more disk units from the system; you must also remove the
components physically. Following is a description of the steps
required to set aside one section of the system for diagnostics, while
maintaining timesharing on the other sections, and then rejoin the two
11-54
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
sections after Field Service has finished doing diagnostics.
NOTE
The following process allows removal of CPU0 from a
multiprocessor system. The multiprocessor system
dedicated to timesharing is called System A. CPU0
will be removed for Field Service use, reconfigured
and called System B. In an actual situation you may
remove any CPU in a multiprocessor system.
Step 1
Before you split the system and turn over the one portion to Field
Service, you need to remove all system disk packs from the drives
Field Service will require. (This ensures the safety of system and
user data.) While the drives are off-line, set the port select
switches so that only the Field Service system (System B) can access
them. Be sure that you do not leave any switches in the middle
position. You should also inform your users that these structures are
being removed. You may want to remount them on drives that will be
available to the timesharing section.
Step 2
To prepare your system for the removal of CPU0 and the portion of
memory reserved for it, run OPR, and then enter CONFIG at the CTY for
CPU1. (For more information on CONFIG, see the TOPS-10 Operator's
Command Language Reference Manual.)
.R OPR<RET>
OPR>ENTER CONFIG<RET>
CONFIG>REMOVE CPU0<RET>
CONFIG>REMOVE MEMORY nnnK to nnnnK<RET>
CONFIG>EXIT
If you have left any system disks on-line to CPU0, CONFIG will print
an error message, and will not be able to complete until all the
drives have been removed; note the example:
.R OPR<RET>
OPR>ENTER CONFIG<RET>
CONFIG>REMOVE CPU0<RET>
? Following packs MUST be dismounted:
BLKY0 on RPF0
DSKG0 on RPG5
CONFIG>
Step 3
On the CTY that is connected to CPU0, type:
11-55
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
^\
PAR>HALT<RET>
PAR%RESET<RET>
PAR#
NOTE
Optionally, you can halt the front end of CPU0 and
power down and remove the front-end disk to ensure the
safety of the front-end files.
Step 4
You will need to make changes at the memory cabinets for both systems.
In the memory cabinets for System A, turn off the port switches to
CPU0, according to Field Service instructions.
In the memory cabinets assigned for the B System, first deselect each
cabinet with the Memory SELECT/DESELECT SWITCH. Then, turn off all
System A active ports to include any externally connected devices
(such as DX10, DL10, etc.), as Field Service instructs.
Step 5
You may have disk drives dual-ported between the timesharing section
of your system and the CPU being turned over to Field Service.
NOTE
The HSC50 disk controller cannot be dual-ported as
other disk drives can. Assign it to one CPU in the
split system. Refer to the HSC50 User's Guide for
information on this procedure.
To adjust the port switches of the drives that remain on-line for
System A (the timesharing system), follow the procedures appropriate
for the type(s) of drives you have.
For RP04, RP06, and RPO7 disk drives, perform these steps:
1. On the CPU1 terminal for System A, type .XCHANGE drivename
drivename. (Be sure to type drivename twice.)
2. Power down each dual-ported drive by turning off its
START/STOP switch.
3. Change the port switch for the drive to only the port that is
connected to the timesharing system.
11-56
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
4. Power up the drive.
For RP20 drives, simply reset each drive's port switch to only the
port that is connected to the timesharing system.
The system is now split; Field Service can reconfigure System B for
diagnostics use, and timesharing can continue on System A.
11.17 ADDING PROCESSORS AND MEMORY TO SMP SYSTEMS
To configure the SMP system and to include more CPUs, perform the
following procedure:
Step 1
Begin the process of rejoining the parts of the system by resetting
the CPU. At the CTY of System B (the removed system), type:
^\
PAR# RESET
To physically reset memory, make sure that:
o The memories assigned to System B are all deselected, using
the MEMORY SELECT/DESELECT switch.
o The lower bound address switches are set the same as they
were before you relinquished System B.
o All port switches for all CPUs and external devices are
returned to their original (before system split) positions.
o The memories assigned to System B are all selected, using the
MEMORY SELECT/DESELECT switch.
o In the System A cabinets, all port switches for the CPU0 are
set to the KI/KL position.
Both portions of the system now have access to all of memory.
Step 2
To return to dual-ported capability, both the drive(s) used by Field
Service and those that remained on-line for timesharing, perform these
steps:
For RP04, RP06, and RP07 drives:
11-57
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
1. Type .XCHANGE drivename drivename.
2. Turn off the drive.
3. Set each drive's port switch to A/B.
4. Start the drive.
For RP20 drives, simply reset each drive's port switch to A/B.
Step 3
This step is done at the CTY of the removed CPU (System B). First,
you type RESET to the PARSER; then you carry out the KLINIT dialog, as
shown below, to reload the correct microcode for your system and
ensure that all Field Service work is cleared.
^\
PAR# RESET<RET>
PAR# MCR KLI<RET>
KLI -- VERSION YA12-27 RUNNING
KLI -- ENTER DIALOG [NO,YES,EXIT,BOOT]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- KL10 S/N: 1042., MODEL B, 60 HERTZ
KLI -- KL10 HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT:
EXTENDED ADDRESSING
INTERNAL CHANNELS
CACHE
KLI -- RELOAD MICROCODE [YES,VERIFY,FIX,NO]?
KLI>YES<RET>
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION 231 LOADED
KLI -- RECONFIGURE CACHE [FILE,ALL,YES,NO]?
KLI>ALL<RET>
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- CONFIGURE KL MEMORY [FILE,ALL,REVERSE,YES,NO]?
KLI>ALL<RET>
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 1024K 4 DMA20 4
KLI -- LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP [FILE,YES,NO,FILENAME]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- WRITE CONFIGURATION FILE [YES,NO]?
KLI>NO<RET>
KLI -- EXIT [YES,RESTART]?
KLI>YES<RET>
11-58
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
CAUTION
In the KLINIT dialog, you should answer NO to the
bootstrapping question. Reloading the front-end would
crash your system.
As a safety precaution, after exiting from KLINIT, type RESET to
PARSER, then type J 400, and press RETURN to start CPU0:
PAR%RESET<RET>
PAR#J 400<RET>
Step 4
To complete the rejoining of System B to System A, run OPR and enter
CONFIG on the operator's terminal for System A. Type:
.R OPR<RET>
OPR>ENTER CONFIG<RET>
CONFIG>ADD CPU0<RET>
CONFIG>ADD MEMORY nnnK to nnnnK<RET>
CONFIG>RETURN
OPR>
Finally, go to the CTY that is connected to CPU0. This message should
appear on the CTY:
[CPU0]
.
It indicates that the system is now rejoined and capable of full
performance.
NOTE
You may run SYSDPY and use the "F" display to verify
whether the expected disks are dual-ported again.
11.18 FAULT CONTINUATION (WARM RESTART)
Warm restart allows the console front end to restart the TOPS-10
monitor in an attempt to recover from front end-detected KL10 hardware
errors. For example, if a CRAM or DRAM parity error occurs, the front
end places an error code and the current program counter into a
location available to the monitor. The front end also logs the error
in the PARSER.LOG file by reading a command file for the type of
error. The monitor receives control, reads the error code, and
handles the error appropriately. If the error occurred while the
processor was in user mode, the job is terminated, but the system
11-59
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
continues to run. If the error occurred in exec mode, the system is
reloaded. Note that if the front end detects a field service probe,
then it does not store the error code and PC, but halts.
The following is a list of errors that will cause a warm restart by
the front end:
o EBUS parity error
o Deposit examine failure (PI Level 0 interrupt failure)
o Protocol timeout
o Clock error stop - fast memory parity error
o Clock error stop - CRAM parity error
o Clock error stop - DRAM parity error
There are two kinds of stopcodes associated with warm restart: WRJ
and WRF. WRJ is generated when the error occurred in user mode, in
which case, the system is continued. WRF is generated when the error
occurred in exec mode, in which case, the system is dumped and
reloaded, depending on monitor uptime (see Section 11.5.3).
The following examples show recovery from errors in user mode
(Example 1) and exec mode (Example 2).
Example 1:
User Mode - WRJ Stopcode
%DECsystem-10 not running After the "%DECsystem-10
not running" message, a
warm restart will take
from 1 to 2 minutes,
depending on the error,
until the "[DECsystem-10
Continued]" message is
printed.
CLOCK ERROR STOP
KLE>TAKE FMPAR
KLE>SET CON MAI
CONSOLE MODE: MAINTENANCE
KLE>SET OUT LOG
******* LOGGING STARTED 19-AUGUST-1988 09:57 ,RSX-20F YE15-05
11-60
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
OUTPUT DEVICES: TTY,LOG
KLE>! FAST MEMORY PARITY ERROR
KLE>CLEAR OUT TTY In this example, it takes
approximately 18 seconds
from the "CLEAR OUT TTY"
command to <EOF>. This
will vary depending on
the length of the command
file. In the case of
HALT, or DEX, it will be
longer, perhaps 20
seconds to verify
microcode; at least 15
seconds until system is
continued.
OUTPUT DEVICES: TTY
KLE> <EOF>
KLE> <END OF SNAPSHOT>
KLI -- VERSION YA13-05 RUNNING
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION 324 VERIFIED
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- % MOS MEMORY IS ALREADY CONFIGURED
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
00000000 768K 4 MF20 10
03000000 768K 4 MF20 11
06000000 256K 4 MF20 12
07000000 256K 4 MF20 13
KLI -- FAULT CONTINUATION SUCCEEDED
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is WRJ
Job 3 on CTY running KLPAR7 User [1,2]
UUO is 47000000025 at user PC 400447
code = 6
CPU Status Block on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
APRID = 640324,,364113
ERA = 224000,,011451
CONI APR, = 007760,,000003
CONI PI, = 000000,,000377
CONI PAG, = 000000,,660001
DATAI PAG, = 700100,,006023
AR ARX Data Word = 000000,,000000
IO Page Fail Word = 000000,,000000
SBUS Diags:
11-61
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
CNTRLR FNC 0 FNC 1
000004 001740,,045157 000200,,000000
000010 006160,,011603 000500,,001000
000011 007745,,750444 000500,,001000
000012 006126,,023507 000500,,001000
000013 007227,,430074 000500,,001000
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]]
[Aborting job]
?
?Monitor error at user PC 400446
.
[DECsystem-10 Continued]
Example 2:
Exec Mode - WRF Stopcode
This is an example of exec mode failure. The monitor will not
continue the system automatically.
%DECsystem-10 not running Allow 1 to 2 minutes for warm
restart to continue.
CLOCK ERROR STOP
KLE>TAKE CRAM
KLE>SET CON MAI
CONSOLE MODE: MAINTENANCE
KLE>SET OUT LOG
******* LOGGING STARTED 19-AUGUST-88 10:18 ,RSX-20F YE15-05
OUTPUT DEVICES: TTY,LOG
KLE>! CRAM PARITY ERROR
KLE>CLEAR OUT TTY
OUTPUT DEVICES: TTY
KLE> <EOF>
KLE> <END OF SNAPSHOT>
KLI -- VERSION YA13-05 RUNNING
KLI -- ? C-RAM DIFFERS AT 1414
KLI -- BAD 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 00
KLI -- GOOD 004736 030003 100201 132402 000040 62
KLI -- XOR 004736 030003 100201 132402 000040 62
KLI -- MICROCODE VERSION 324 VERIFIED
KLI -- ALL CACHES ENABLED
KLI -- % MOS MEMORY IS ALREADY CONFIGURED
LOGICAL MEMORY CONFIGURATION.
ADDRESS SIZE INT TYPE CONTROLLER
11-62
ERROR RECOVERY ON THE KL10 CENTRAL PROCESSOR
00000000 768K 4 MF20 10
03000000 768K 4 MF20 11
06000000 256K 4 MF20 12
07000000 256K 4 MF20 13
KLI -- FAULT CONTINUATION SUCCEEDED
?CPU0 monitor error. Stopcode name is WRF
code = 7
CPU Status Block on dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss
APRID = 640324,,364113
ERA = 224000,,011451
CONI APR, = 000000,,000000
CONI PI, = 000000,,000000
CONI PAG, = 000000,,660001
DATAI PAG, = 700100,,000005
AR ARX Data Word = 000000,,000000
IO Page Fail Word = 000000,,000000
SBUS Diags:
CNTRLR FNC 0 FNC 1
000004 001740,,045157 000200,,000000
000010 006160,,011603 000500,,001000
000011 006165,,777003 000500,,001000
000012 006446,,647251 000500,,001000
000013 007747,,470524 000500,,001000
Reload monitor
[Dumping on DSKB:CRASH.EXE[1,4]]
[Loading from DSKB:RL156A.EXE[1,4]]
RL156A DEC10 Development mm-dd-yy
Date: dd-mmm-yy
Time: hh:mm
Startup option: Q
11-63
A-1
APPENDIX A
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
A.1 BOOT ERROR MESSAGES
%Bad directory format for dev:file.ext[path]
While reading the file given in the command string, BOOT discovered
an inconsistency in the directory format of the file. This
generally means that the file has been corrupted.
%File not found dev:file.ext[path]
BOOT could not find the file given in the error message.
%I/O error on dev:file.ext[path]
While attempting to read or write the file given in the error
message, BOOT detected a disk device or data error. If retries are
successful, the error is usually a recoverable ECC error. If all
retries fail, the file was probably written on a bad spot on the
disk.
%Memory configuration too complicated for dev:file.ext[path]
The memory configuration of the system has so many fragmented NXMs
that BOOT is unable to write the directory of the file in one
block.
?No file found on any structure
The user didn't specify an explicit structure in the command string
so BOOT attempted to load from structures starting at DSKA and
continuing through DSKO. All attempts were unsuccessful.
A-1
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
?No file found on system dump list
The user didn't specify an explicit structure in the command
string, so BOOT attempted to load from each structure in the system
dump list. All attempts were unsuccessful.
%Not a REBOOTable dump dev:file.ext[path]
The file given in the error message does not contain a system sleep
snapshot and may not be rebooted with the /REBOOT switch.
?NXM or memory parity error detected
CONI APR, = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
RDERA = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
While reading or writing memory, BOOT detected an NXM or memory
parity error. The CONI APR status and the RDERA (KL10 only) are
given to aid in error analysis.
?Only device may be specified for dump
The user typed more than just a structure name in the /DUMP command
string to BOOT. BOOT does not allow the user to specify a filename
extension or path with the /DUMP switch.
?Page fail trap
PFW = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
PF PC = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
CONI APR, = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
RDERA = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
BOOT got an unexpected page fail trap. The page fail word, page
fail old PC, CONI APR, and RDERA (KL10 only) are included in the
error message. The cause of the page fail trap may be determined
by looking at the page fail word. This error is usually caused by
a hardware error, the most common of which are AR and ARX parity
errors. These two errors are indicated by an octal 36 or 37,
respectively, in bits 0-5 of the page fail word.
%Structure not found for dev:file.ext[path]
BOOT could not find the structure given in the error message.
%Syntax error
BOOT detected a syntax error in the command string the user typed.
A-2
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
?Trap other than page fail
MUUO = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
MUUO PC = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
CONI APR, = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
RDERA = nnnnnn,,nnnnnn
BOOT got an unexpected push down list overflow, trap 3, or MUUO
trap. The MUUO and MUUO PC are given in the error message. The
CONI APR and RDERA (KL10 only) are also included to assist in
debugging the problem. This error may be the result of a bug in
BOOT or of a hardware problem. It may be possible to determine
which by looking at the CONI APR and RDERA to see if any errors
were detected by the processor.
?Unable to dump on any structure in the system dump list
Do you want to keep this dump?
The user didn't specify an explicit structure in the command string
so BOOT attempted to dump on each structure in the system dump
list. All attempts were unsuccessful. If you answer NO, BOOT will
not take this dump. If you answer YES, BOOT will prompt you for a
new filespec.
?Unable to find a file on which to dump
Do you want to keep this dump?
The user didn't specify an explicit structure in the command string
so BOOT attempted to dump on structures starting at DSKA and
continuing through DSKO. All attempts were unsuccessful. If you
answer NO, BOOT will not take this dump. If you answer YES, BOOT
will prompt you for a new filespec.
%Unexpected end-of-file on dev:file.ext[path]
While writing a dump or reading in a monitor, BOOT detected a
premature end-of-file. For crash files, this usually indicates
that the file is too small for the amount of memory on the system.
For monitor loads, it usually indicates that the file is
inconsistent.
%Unprocessed dump on dev:file.ext[path]
While attempting to dump on the file given in the error message,
BOOT discovered that the crash file had not yet been processed by
the CRSCPY program. If the user did not specify an explicit
structure in the command string, BOOT will go on to the next
structure in the default structure list. If the user specified an
explicit structure, BOOT will ask if the unprocessed dump is to be
A-3
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
overwritten.
A.2 BOOT ERROR CODES
BOOT error codes can occur when you are loading the system or when you
are taking a dump of the monitor.
Error Code Explanation
?B No comma inside a pair of brackets ([]).
?C Illegal switch or no start address before a /G.
?D Input error.
?E Input error when trying to read the EXE directory.
?F First page of the file is not an EXE directory or it
is an EXE directory that is too long.
?G EXE directory describes pages that do not increase
monotonically.
?H Premature end-of-file.
?I Output error.
?J Cannot find the file specified.
?K Bad RIB.
?L Premature end-of-file when reading the UFD.
?M Tried to read or write block 0.
?N Logical block number exceeds disk size.
?O End-of-file when trying to output.
A.3 SYSTEM DUMP LIST
The system dump list (SDL) is an ordered list of file structures on
which dumps are written and from which monitors are loaded. The SDL
is built at ONCE-only time.
The SDL allows BOOT to find the monitor in as few as six disk reads
and to prepare to dump in as few as two disk reads. However, BOOT
will only allow a dump to be written on CRASH.EXE[1,4]. You can
A-4
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
perform operations to structures that are not in the SDL, but doing so
results in performance degradation.
The position of a file structure in the SDL is defined in a manner
similar to the system search list.
Normally, BOOT reads all its commands from BOOTXT. However, there are
two cases (a shutdown using the SET KSYS command to OPR, and when
there have been several quick crashes) when you may type a command.
When the BOOT prompt (BOOT>) prints on the CTY, you must type a
command of the form:
dev:file.EXE[path]/switches
where switches can be:
/LOAD Load but do not start the monitor.
/GO:n Load and start the monitor at location n (default is
.JBSA in the file being loaded).
/DUMP Dump the monitor on the specified file. You must
include /D to dump memory.
/FORCE Ignore the in-core SDL data base and do exhaustive
searches for units and file. This switch should only
be necessary if the data base has been clobbered. BOOT
defaults to this mode if dev: is not in the SDL.
The default for dumping is DSK:CRASH.EXE[1,4]. The default for
reloading is DSK:SYSTEM.EXE[1,4]. In either case, DSK: refers to all
structures in the SDL. If no operator is on duty or if you do not
respond to the BOOT> prompt within 30 seconds, BOOT assumes its
defaults.
A.4 THE CRSCPY PROGRAM
When a continuable stopcode dump is taken or when the monitor is
reloaded, the monitor automatically runs a program that copies dumps
from device SYS: to structures in the system dump list. The default
name of this program is CRSCPY. To change this default name, define
the symbol CPYNAM to be the SIXBIT name of the program that runs in
the SIXBIT symbol definitions in the MONGEN dialog.
CRSCPY may also be run manually to copy crashes or to perform one of
its other functions. To perform most functions, CRSCPY must be run
while logged in to [1,2]. The CRSCPY sample program performs the
following functions:
A-5
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
o Automatically copies dumps taken by BOOT when invoked by the
monitor.
o Manually copies dumps, when run by the operator.
o Logs the copied dumps and reports them.
CRSCPY is a sample program. Therefore, if your installation already
has some semi-automatic mechanism to copy dumps, the system
programmers at your installation can:
o Use the CRSCPY concepts to modify your installation's own
program to work with BOOT.
o Tailor CRSCPY to fit your installation's needs.
o Use CRSCPY without modification.
The general form for a CRSCPY command is:
COMMAND argument
There are three types of commands:
1. Action
Action commands cause something to happen immediately rather
than storing a value or setting a flag for later processing.
(See Section A.4.1.)
2. Status-setting
Status-setting commands set flags or store values directing
the action of one of the Action commands. These commands do
not initiate actions. (See Section A.4.2.)
3. Report-selection
Report-selection commands restrict the scope of the report
generated by the REPORT command to the subset of the crashes
that meet all criteria and restrictions. (See Section
A.4.3.)
A.4.1 Action Commands
The following lists the action commands and gives a brief explanation
of each command.
Command Explanation
A-6
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
CLEAR filespec Marks the specified file as having been
processed so that BOOT can dump to it without
operator intervention. This command is not
usually required because the COPY command marks
the crash file as having been copied when it
finishes the copy. However, it may be useful
after standalone time or after preventative
maintenance to ensure that no old dumps are
present.
COPY filespec=filespec Copies the input filespec to the output
filespec, makes a log entry in SYS:CRASH.SYS,
and clears the unprocessed dump bit in the file
being copied so that BOOT can dump to it
without operator intervention. If you type
only one filespec identifier, CRSCPY uses that
filespec identifier as the filespec of the file
to copy.
DISPOSITION seqnum Gives a disposition for the crash with sequence
number seqnum. The disposition is a one-line
description of what caused the crash and is
given after the crash is analyzed. To print
the disposition, use the REPORT command with
the DETAIL:DISPOSITION switch or command.
PURGE FILE Deletes the contents of SYS:CRASH.SYS, but
retains the header so that the crash sequence
numbers do not start at 1. Therefore, you
should use this command rather than simply
deleting the file. You must type the argument
FILE.
REPORT filespec Generates a report on the specified file of the
contents of SYS:CRASH.SYS. You can restrict
the contents of this report by using one or
more of the Report-selection commands described
in Section A.4.3.
A.4.2 Status-Setting Commands
The following lists the status-setting commands and gives a brief
explanation of each command.
Command Explanation
DELETE Automatically deletes the crash file when the
crash is disposed. NODELETE disables this
action and is the default.
A-7
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
INFORM name Selects the destination of all output. Legal
values of name are USER and OPR. USER is the
default if CRSCPY is run manually and causes
output to go to the user's terminal. OPR is
the default if CRSCPY is run by the system and
causes output to go to device OPR:. You should
not use this command in normal operation.
STRUCTURE <str:blk,str:blk,...>,<str:blk,str:blk,...>,...
Selects the structure to which CRSCPY will copy
crashes if no output structure is specified in
the COPY command or if it is run by the system.
str: is the name of a structure and blk is the
number of blocks that must remain on that
structure after the copy is completed. CRSCPY
will not copy a crash to a structure unless it
meets this minimum block restriction. The
angle brackets group structures into sets.
CRSCPY scans the sets from left to right and
selects a structure from the first set that
meets all restrictions. Within each set,
CRSCPY selects the structure that meets the
minimum block restrictions and that also
contains the most space after the copy. This
command usually appears in SWITCH.INI with a
line of the form:
CRSCPY/STRUCTURE;(<str:blk,str:blk,...>,<str:blk,...>,...)
This line allows the system administrator to
specify to which structures crashes may be
copied if not explicitly overridden by the
operator. Note that since CRSCPY runs logged
out ([2,5]) when run by the system, you must
place the SWITCH.INI file that contains the
STRUCTURE command in [2,5].
A.4.3 Report-Selection Commands
The following lists the report-selection commands and gives a brief
explanation of each command.
Command Explanation
BEGIN date:time Reports only on crashes that were dumped after
the specified date and time.
CBEGIN date:time Reports only on crashes that were copied after
the specified date and time.
A-8
SYSTEM DUMPING AND RELOADING PROCEDURES
CEND date:time Reports only on crashes that were copied before
the specified date and time.
DETAIL value Gives more detail than that given by the normal
report. Legal arguments are ALL, which gives a
full report, and DISPOSITION, which gives only
the disposition, if any.
END date:time Reports only on crashes that were dumped before
the specified date and time.
MONVER n Reports only on those crashes that were running
the specified monitor version. The argument to
this command is the version number from the
monitor location MONVER.
PRIMETIME Reports only on those crashes that occurred
during prime time (0800 through 1700).
SEQUENCE n Reports only on those crashes that occurred
because of the specified stopcode.
UNDISPOSED Reports only on those crashes that have not yet
been disposed.
The report-selection commands may also appear as switches on the
REPORT command line, for example:
CRSCPY>REPORT/BEGIN:TODAY
If used in this manner, the value applies only to this command.
Subsequent commands will continue to use any defaults specified by
report-selection commands. Local switches override any previous
defaults.
A-9
B-1
APPENDIX B
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
B.1 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM
The DECSYSTEM-2020 consists of two major components, the
microprocessor and the KS10 central processor. You can control the
KS10 by typing certain commands on the console terminal (CTY) that is
connected directly to the microprocessor. The console program running
in the microprocessor processes the commands you type on the CTY (or
enter through a KLINIK link). This console program resides in the
microprocessor and runs automatically at power up.
The CTY operates in either console mode or user mode. Use console
mode for the boot procedure, diagnostics, error recovery, and
maintenance. You run TOPS-10 operator programs and communicate with
timesharing users in user mode. The console program starts the CTY in
console mode at power up.
In console mode, all characters you type on the CTY are directed to
(and executed by) the console program. In this mode, you can type
only microprocessor commands; that is, commands to the console
program. In console mode, you can switch the CTY to user mode by:
o Booting the system with the BT or MT command
o Continuing execution with the CO and ST commands
o Typing a CTRL/Z
In user mode, the console program controls passing all characters that
you type at the CTY to and from the KS10. TOPS-10 processes all
commands, except CTRL/backslash. Therefore, in user mode, you can
access all TOPS-10 features. When you type a CTRL/backslash in user
mode, the CTY switches back to console mode, provided that the LOCK
switch on the front panel is in the unlock position.
The message ENABLED prints on the CTY to indicate the transition from
user mode to console mode. The message USR MOD prints on the CTY to
indicate the transition from console mode to user mode. When the CTY
B-1
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
is in console mode, you can type up to 80 characters on a single line
without causing an error (?BFO). You can type more than one command
on a single line by separating each command with a comma. All numbers
that you type must be octal.
NOTE
Not all of the commands described in Sections B.2 and
B.3 should be used by the operator. Commands marked
by an asterisk (*) are for use by system programmers.
Commands marked by a number sign (#) are for use by
DIGITAL Field Service. The asterisk and number sign
are not part of the command.
B.2 COMMON CONSOLE COMMANDS
The following commands and special characters are a subset of the
microprocessor commands. Note that these commands, except BT and ST,
are executed only in console mode.
Command Function
BT (Boot) Boots the system using the last disk drive
selected. The microcode and the monitor
bootstrap are loaded and started from unit
0 on UBA1 (default address) or from the
drive selected with the last DS command.
The KS10 starts at memory address 1000.
The bootstrap program prompts with BOOT>.
This command switches the CTY from console
mode to user mode.
CO (Continue) Continues execution. Also, this command
switches the CTY from console mode to user
mode.
DS (Disk Select) Allows you to select a disk drive other
than unit 0. Use this command with the BT
command.
DM xx (Deposit Memory)* Deposits xx (36 bits) into KS10 memory.
The address was previously loaded by the
LA command.
EM (Examine Memory)* Examines the contents of KS10 memory. The
address was previously loaded by the LA
command.
EM xx* Examines the contents of KS10 memory
address xx.
B-2
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
HA (Halt) Halts the KS10.
LA xx* Sets KS10 memory address to xx, where xx =
0000000 to 1777777.
MS (Magnetic Tape Select) Allows you to select a magnetic tape drive
other than unit 0. Use this command with
the MT command.
MT (Magnetic Tape) Boots the system from magnetic tape using
either the last drive selected or unit 0,
the default.
RP (Repeat)* Repeats last command (or last command
string) until you press any CTY key.
SH (Shutdown) Allows you to do an orderly shutdown of
the monitor after the last instruction is
completed. When you give this command,
the microprocessor also stops monitoring
the keep-alive count.
ST xx (Start)* Starts the KS10 program at memory address
xx. This command allows you to enter user
mode.
CTRL/backslash Switches the CTY from user mode to console
mode.
CTRL/O Suppresses printing at the terminal.
CTRL/Q Resumes printing at the terminal after a
CTRL/S has stopped it.
CTRL/S Stops printing at the terminal and hangs
the microprocessor.
CTRL/U Deletes the current line.
CTRL/Z Switches the CTY from console mode to user
mode.
DELETE Key (or RUBOUT) Deletes the last character.
B.3 MICROPROCESSOR COMMANDS
Sections B.3.1 through B.3.11 list the microprocessor commands
alphabetically within functional groups. The functional groups are:
B-3
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
o Boot Commands (See Section B.3.1.)
o Enable/Disable Commands (See Section B.3.2.)
o Examine Commands (See Section B.3.3.)
o Mark/Unmark Microcode Commands (See Section B.3.4.)
o Miscellaneous Commands (See Section B.3.5.)
o Read CRAM Commands (See Section B.3.6.)
o Select Device Commands (See Section B.3.7.)
o Set and Deposit Commands (See Section B.3.8.)
o Start/Stop Clock Commands (See Section B.3.9.)
o Start/Stop Microcode Commands (See Section B.3.10.)
o Start/Stop Program Commands (See Section B.3.11.)
B.3.1 Boot Commands
Command Function
B2 # Loads a modified preboot program, which loads
and runs a special sequence of modified
functional diagnostics.
BC # Performs a rudimentary test of some KS10
hardware. The test includes:
o Floating all 1's and all 0's across the
KS10 bus
o Checking page 1 of the KS10 MOS memory in
an addressing sequence
o Checking page 1 of the KS10 MOS memory for
its ability to hold all 1's and all 0's
o Using an addressing sequence for testing
CRAM addressing to check the KS10 control
store and to check each location for its
ability to hold all 1's and all 0's
BT Boots the KS10 from disk. This command loads
and starts the microcode and the monitor boot
B-4
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
program from drive 0 on UBA1 (the default
address), or on the drive selected with the
last DS command. The KS10 starts at memory
address 1000.
BT 1 # Same as the BT command, except that the
diagnostic boot program is loaded and started
rather than the monitor boot program.
LB * Loads the monitor boot program from the last
disk selected. This command does not load the
microcode. The program must start at memory
address 1000.
LB 1 # Same as the LB command, except that the
diagnostic boot program is loaded rather than
the monitor boot program. The program must
start at memory address 1000.
MB * Loads the monitor boot program from the last
magnetic tape selected. This command does not
load the microcode. The program must start at
memory address 1000.
MT Boots the KS10 from magnetic tape. This
command loads and starts the microcode and the
monitor boot program from tape unit 0, from
slave unit 0 on UBA3 (default), or from the
drive selected by the last MS command.
MT 1 Same as the MT command, except that the
diagnostic boot program is loaded and started
rather than the monitor boot program.
B.3.2 Enable/Disable Commands
If you press RETURN after the following commands, the current value
prints on your CTY.
Command Function
CE xx # Enables (xx = 1) or disables (xx = 0) cache.
PE xx # Enables or disables parity detection:
PE 0 Disables all parity detection.
PE 4 Enables KS10 bus parity detection.
PE 5 Enables DPE/DPM parity detection.
PE 6 Enables CRA/CRM parity detection.
PE 7 Enables all parity detection.
B-5
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
SC xx # Enables (xx = 1) or disables (xx = 0) soft
CRAM error recovery.
TE xx # Enables (xx = 1) or disables (xx = 0) CPU
interval timer interrupts.
TP xx # Enables (xx = 1) or disables (xx = 0) CPU
traps.
B.3.3 Examine Commands
Command Function
EB # Examines the KS10 bus. This command prints
the contents of console registers 100 through
103 and 300 through 303.
EC # Examines the current contents of the CRAM
control register. The CPU clock must be
stopped to execute this command.
EC xx # Examines the contents of CRAM address xx. The
CPU clock must be stopped to execute this
command.
EI # Examines the contents of the I/O register.
The address was previously loaded by the LI
command.
EI xx # Examines the contents of the I/O address xx.
EJ # Examines the current CRAM address, the next
CRAM address, the jump address, and the
subroutine return address. The CPU clock must
be stopped to execute this command.
EK # Examines the contents of the microprocessor
memory. The address was previously loaded by
the LK command.
EK xx # Examines the contents of the microprocessor
memory address xx.
EM * Examine the contents of KS10 memory. The
address was previously loaded by the LA
command.
EM xx * Examines the contents of KS10 memory address
xx.
B-6
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
EN * Examines the contents of the next KS10,
microprocessor, or I/O address.
ER # Examines the contents of an internal
microprocessor I/O register. The address was
previously loaded by the LR command.
ER xx * Examines the contents of the internal
microprocessor I/O register xx.
B.3.4 Mark/Unmark Microcode Commands
To execute the following commands, the CPU clock must be stopped.
Command Function
MK xx # Marks the microcode word (bit 95 is set) at
CRAM address xx.
UM xx # Unmarks microcode word (bit 95 is cleared) at
CRAM address xx.
B.3.5 Miscellaneous Commands
Command Function
EX xx * Executes the single KS10 systems-level
instruction xx.
KL xx (KLINIK) Enables the KLINIK remote diagnosis link when
used with the REMOTE DIAGNOSIS key switch.
See Chapter 11 for detailed information on
this command.
LT (Lamp test) Turns the STATE, FAULT, and REMOTE lights on
for 1 to 2 seconds, and then turns them off
for 1 to 2 seconds. The lights then return to
their original state.
MR (Master reset) Resets the KS10 processor.
PW xx Sets the KLINIK access password to xx, where
xx = maximum of 6 alphanumeric characters. To
clear the password storage area, type PW and
then press RETURN.
RP Repeats last command (or last command string)
until you press any CTY key.
B-7
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
ZM Zeroes memory in 1 to 6 minutes. This command
deposits 0s into all KS10 memory locations.
B.3.6 Read CRAM Commands
Command Function
RC # Performs diagnostic read functions from 0 to
17 to read the CRAM addresses and the contents
of the current address as follows:
RC 0 CRAM bits 00 to 11
RC 1 Next CRAM address
RC 2 CRAM subroutine return address
RC 3 Current CRAM address
RC 4 CRAM bits 12 to 23
RC 5 CRAM bits 24 to 35 (Copy A)
RC 6 CRAM bits 24 to 35 (Copy B)
RC 7 Zero
RC 10 Parity bits A to F
RC 11 KS10 bus bits 24 to 35
RC 12 CRAM bits 36 to 47 (Copy A)
RC 13 CRAM bits 36 to 47 (Copy B)
RC 14 CRAM bits 48 to 59
RC 15 CRAM bits 60 to 71
RC 16 CRAM bits 72 to 83
RC 17 CRAM bits 84 to 95
B.3.7 Select Device Commands
Command Function
DS Selects the disk for bootstrap. The console
program asks the following questions. The
default answers are underlined.
>>UBA?1 UBA number?
>>RHBASE?776700 RH11 base address?
>>UNIT?0 Disk drive unit number?
The default value of the RH11 base address is
currently the only value permitted. Also, if
you press RETURN to respond to any question,
the current value is retained.
MS Selects the magnetic tape for bootstrap. The
console program asks the following questions.
The default answers are underlined.
B-8
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
>>UBA?3 UBA number?
>>RHBASE?772440 RH11 base address?
>>TCU?0 Tape controller unit number?
>>DENS?1600 Tape density?
>>SLV?0 Slave number?
The default value for the RH11 base address is
currently the only value permitted. Also, if
you press RETURN to respond to any question,
the current value is retained.
B.3.8 Set and Deposit Commands
Command Function
DB xx # Deposits xx (36 bits) onto the KS10 bus.
DC xx # Deposits xx (96 bits) into CRAM. The address
was previously loaded by the LC command. The
CPU clock must be stopped to execute this
command.
DI xx # Deposits xx (16, 18, or 36 bits) into an I/O
register. The address was previously loaded
by the LI command.
DK xx # Deposits xx (8 bits) into the microprocessor
memory. The address was previously loaded by
the LK command. Note that data cannot be
deposited in PROM addresses; only in RAM
addresses.
DM xx * Deposits xx (36 bits) into KS10 memory. The
address was previously loaded by the LA
command.
DN xx * Deposits xx into the next KS10,
microprocessor, or I/O address.
DR xx # Deposits xx (8 bits) into internal
microprocessor registers. The address was
previously loaded by the LR command.
LA xx * Sets KS10 memory address to xx, where xx is
0000000 to 1777777.
LC xx # Sets CRAM address to xx, where xx = 0000 to
3777.
LF xx # Loads diagnostic Write Function xx, where xx =
B-9
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
0 to 7. The function specifies a 12-bit group
within a CRAM address.
LF CRAM Bits
0 00 to 11
1 12 to 23
2 24 to 35
3 36 to 47
4 48 to 59
5 60 to 71
6 72 to 83
7 84 to 95
LI xx # Loads I/O address (a single 22-bit number).
The address is a control number and a register
address. I/O addresses that are accessible
from the console are listed below. The
address of the console instruction register is
not included in this list. If the console
tries to access its own instruction register,
there is no response.
CTL Address Register
0 100000 Memory status register
1,3 763000-77 UBA paging RAM
1,3 763100 UBA status register
1,3 763101 UBA maintenance register
1,3 7xxxxx UNIBUS device registers
LK xx # Sets microprocessor memory address to xx (PROM
address = 00000 to 17777; RAM address = 20000
to 21777).
LR xx # Sets internal microprocessor I/O register
address to xx.
B.3.9 Start/Stop Clock Commands
Command Function
CH # Halts the CPU clock.
CP # Pulses the CPU clock. The CPU clock must be
stopped to execute this command.
CP xx # Pulses the CPU clock xx times (up to 376
octal). The CPU clock must be stopped to
execute this command.
B-10
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
CS # Starts the CPU clock.
B.3.10 Start/Stop Microcode Commands
To execute the following commands, the CPU clock must be stopped.
Command Function
PM # Pulses the microcode. This command performs a
CP command to execute a microinstruction
followed by an EJ command to print the current
CRAM address, the next CRAM address, the jump
address, and the subroutine return address.
SM Resets and starts the microcode at CRAM
address 0 (the normal starting address).
SM xx # Resets and starts the microcode at CRAM
address xx. SM 1 causes a dump of the KS10
processor status into the halt-status block
which is commonly located at location 424 or
location 371000.
TR # Repeats the PM command until you press any CTY
key.
TR xx # Repeats the PM command until it reaches CRAM
address xx or until you press any CTY key.
B.3.11 Start/Stop Program Commands
Command Function
CO Continues KS10 program execution. This
command switches the CTY from console mode to
user mode.
HA Halts the KS10 program. The KS10 microcode
enters a halt loop.
SH Shuts down the monitor by depositing nonzero
data into KS10 memory location 30.
SI * Executes the next KS10 instruction.
ST xx * Starts the KS10 program at address xx. This
command switches the CTY from console mode to
B-11
KS10 MICROPROCESSOR CONSOLE PROGRAM AND COMMANDS
user mode.
B-12
APPENDIX C
PARSER
The command language processor for the front-end operating system is
called the PARSER. It is a nonresident system task and executes in
the GEN partition when it is invoked. The PARSER is the primary means
of communications between you (the system operator) and the front-end
programs. It also provides access to the KL10's memory and diagnostic
registers.
PARSER input is in the form of ASCII character strings typed at the
console terminal (CTY).
For updated information on the PARSER commands, refer to the
TOPS-10/TOPS-20 RSX-20F System Reference Manual.
C.1 ENTERING AND EXITING THE PARSER
If you are currently communicating with the TOPS-10 monitor or a
TOPS-10 job, type a CTRL/backslash to invoke the PARSER.
If you are currently communicating with another RSX-20F task or
utility, such as KLINIT or PIP, type a CTRL/Z to exit from the current
task and then type CTRL/backslash to invoke the PARSER.
When you enter the PARSER, one of the following prompts prints on the
CTY:
PAR> indicates that the PARSER is ready to accept commands and that
the KL10 is running.
PAR% indicates that the PARSER is ready to accept commands, but that
the KL10 microcode is in the HALT loop.
PAR# indicates that the PARSER is ready to accept commands, but the
KL clock is stopped and the KL10 is not running.
C-1
PARSER
NOTE
If you ever see the PAR# prompt print during
timesharing, reload the system.
If the PARSER encounters an error during its initialization, an error
message precedes the prompt.
To exit from the PARSER, type QUIT or CTRL/Z to return to the RSX-20F
monitor, or type the PARSER command MCR to load and start another
program.
C.2 PARSER COMMAND SYNTAX
Type commands to the PARSER, one or more to a line, to respond to a
PAR>, PAR%, or PAR# prompt. The following rules apply when you type a
command to PARSER:
1. To type more than one command in a command line, separate
each command with a semicolon. For example:
PAR>EXAMINE PC;EXAMINE 20;SHUTDOWN<RET>
2. To continue a command or command line on the next line, end
the line to be continued with a hyphen (-) and press RETURN.
The PARSER will then prompt you for the continuation line by
printing another hyphen. For example:
PAR>EXAMINE PC;EXAMINE 20;-<RET>
-EXAMINE NEXT<RET>
The maximum number of characters in a command line is 280.
3. To add a comment to the end of a command line or have a
comment be an entry in itself, type ! at the beginning of
the comment and press RETURN at the end. For example:
PAR>CLEAR CONSOLE!RESET TO OPERATOR MODE<RET>
PAR>!THIS IS A COMMENT LINE<RET>
4. To suppress output on your terminal, type CTRL/O.
5. To abbreviate a command, type only enough of the command to
make it unique. For example:
PAR>H!HALT THE KL10 CPU<RET>
If the abbreviation is not unique, an error message prints on
the CTY. For example:
C-2
PARSER
PAR>RE 5<RET>
PAR -- [PARSER] AMB - AMBIGUOUS KEYWORD "RE"
In this example, the PARSER found two commands that start
with "RE": REPEAT and RESET.
6. Integers in a command are, by default, octal if an address or
36-bit value is expected; otherwise, they are, by default,
decimal.
7. An underscore (_) between two numbers causes the left-hand
number to be binary shifted to the left by the number of bits
indicated in the right-hand number. For example:
PAR>EXAMINE 2 3<RET>
results in:
20/ xxxxxx xxxxxx
(Rule 6 applies to both the left-hand and the right-hand
numbers.)
8. To specify a negative number, type - before the number. For
example, to specify that you want to deposit -1 in location
30, type:
PAR>DEPOSIT TEN 30:-1<RET>
9. To specify numeric values, type them as arithmetic
expressions using addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication (*), and division (/). For example:
PAR>EXAMINE 123656+33<RET>
123707/ xxxxxx xxxxxx
PAR>START TEN 407-6<RET>
PAR>SET INCREMENT 2*3<RET>
KL INCREMENT: 6
PAR>REPEAT 8/4;EXAMINE PC<RET>
PC/ xxxxxx xxxxxx
PC/ xxxxxx xxxxxx
In evaluating arithmetical expressions, multiplication,
division, and binary shifts take precedence over addition and
subtraction.
10. To add the PDP-11 relocation factor (offset) to a number,
type ' after the number. To subtract the offset from a
number, type " after the number. For example:
C-3
PARSER
PAR>SET OFFSET 101204<RET>
PDP-11 OFFSET: 101204
PAR>EXAMINE ELEVEN 33'<RET>
101237
PAR>EXAMINE ELEVEN 101237"<RET>
33/ xxxxxx
You may use the PDP-11 offset to modify KL10 memory addresses
as well as to modify PDP-11 memory addresses.
When you press RETURN to end a command line,the PARSER scans the
command line buffer for illegal characters. If it finds any illegal
characters, the PARSER discards the entire command line and prints the
following message on the CTY:
PAR -- [PARSER] ILC - ILLEGAL CHARACTER "c"
where c is the first illegal character found.
If there are no illegal characters in the command line, the PARSER
executes the commands one by one. If the PARSER encounters an invalid
command, that command and any other that remain in the command line
are not executed. Each invalid command also causes the PARSER to
print an error message. (See Section 11.6 for a complete list of the
PARSER error messages.)
C.3 PARSER CONSOLE MODES
The PARSER command set is available in the following console modes:
OPERATOR Mode This mode allows you to give only those commands
that will not crash the TOPS-10 or TOPS-20
monitor.
PROGRAMMER Mode This mode allows you to give all PARSER commands
except those that direct diagnostic functions.
MAINTENANCE Mode This mode allows you to give any PARSER command.
USER Mode This mode causes you to exit from the PARSER.
When you enter USER mode, it is the same as giving
a QUIT command.
When RSX-20F is loaded for the first time, the console mode in effect
is the same one that was in effect when the PARSER was last saved.
There is a SET CONSOLE command that you can give to change the mode,
there is a CLEAR CONSOLE command that you can give to reset the mode
to OPERATOR mode, and there is a WHAT CONSOLE command that you can
give to find out what current mode is. (See Section C.4 for more
information on these commands.)
C-4
PARSER
C.4 PARSER HELP FACILITY
The PARSER help facility prints the list of commands that are
available for the current console mode.
To use the PARSER help facility, type everything that is underscored
in the following dialog:
PAR>?<RET>
PARSER COMMANDS ARE:
If you are in OPERATOR mode, the PARSER prints:
ABORT
CLEAR
DISCONNECT
EXAMINE
JUMP
MCR
REPEAT
RUN
SET
SHUTDOWN
QUIT
WHAT
If you are in PROGRAMMER mode, the PARSER prints:
ABORT
CLEAR
CONTINUE
DISCONNECT
EXAMINE
HALT
INITIALIZE
JUMP
MCR
REPEAT
RESET
RUN
SET
SHUTDOWN
START
QUIT
WHAT
XCT
ZERO
The PARSER help facility extends to the argument and subargument
levels. This means that if you cannot remember the arguments for a
particular command or you can remember the arguments but you cannot
remember whether the particular command can take another argument (a
C-5
PARSER
subargument), type whatever you know, type a space, and type ?. The
PARSER will then print all of the choices available to you. For
example, if you type:
PAR>SET CONSOLE ?<RET>
The PARSER will print the following list of possible subarguments to
the SET command:
SET COMMANDS ARE:
MAINTENANCE OPERATOR PROGRAMMER USER
C.5 PARSER COMMANDS
This section lists all of the PARSER commands, except those that
require MAINTENANCE mode. The commands that require MAINTENANCE mode
are restricted to DIGITAL Field Service personnel. Some PARSER
commands require that the KL10 be stopped. To stop the KL10, type
HALT or ABORT to reply to the PARSER prompt.
The commands listed in this section use the following notational
conventions:
1. Any single argument not in brackets ([ and ]) must be
specified.
2. Uppercase arguments are keywords and must be entered as shown
or abbreviated according to the rules listed in Section C.2.
3. A multiple-choice list enclosed in braces ({ and }) means
that one of the entries must be specified.
ABORT
OPERATOR Mode
The ABORT command stops the KL10 by trying to force it into the
HALT loop. If this fails after a reasonable number of EBOX clock
ticks, the command tries to START MICROCODE, which implies a
master reset of the KL10 processor. This is a way to put the
KL10 into a known state when a previous state left it in a hung
condition.
CLEAR CONSOLE
OPERATOR Mode
C-6
PARSER
The CLEAR CONSOLE command forces the PARSER into OPERATOR mode.
This command is the equivalent of SET CONSOLE OPERATOR.
CLEAR DATE
PROGRAMMER Mode
The CLEAR DATE command clear the validity bit and prompts you for
a new date and time (see the SET DATE command). This command is
not valid if RSX-20F is in primary protocol.
CLEAR INCREMENT
OPERATOR Mode
The CLEAR INCREMENT command resets the KL10 increment factor to
zero. (See the EXAMINE INCREMENT command.)
CLEAR KLINIK
OPERATOR Mode
The CLEAR KLINIK command closes the KLINIK access window and
terminates the KLINIK link.
CLEAR MEMORY
OPERATOR Mode
The CLEAR MEMORY command forces all subsequent EXAMINEs and
DEPOSITs to reference KL10 memory. This command is the
equivalent of the SET MEMORY TEN command.
CLEAR NOT
OPERATOR Mode
The CLEAR NOT command is the equivalent of the SET command.
CLEAR OFFSET
C-7
PARSER
PROGRAMMER Mode
The CLEAR OFFSET command sets the relocation factor to zero.
(See Rule 10 in Section C.2.)
CLEAR RELOAD
PROGRAMMER Mode
The CLEAR RELOAD command disables the automatic reload of the
KL10 following a fatal error.
CLEAR REPEAT
OPERATOR Mode
The CLEAR REPEAT command resets the command line repeat factor to
zero. A repeat factor of zero is the same as a repeat factor of
one; subsequent command lines are executed once.
CLEAR RETRY
PROGRAMMER Mode
The CLEAR RETRY command resets the RETRY flag in the PARSER.
When this flag is off, a Keep-Alive-Cease error causes the KLERR
routine to take a system snapshot and then call KLINIT to perform
a system reload of the KL10. (See the SET RETRY command.)
CLEAR TRACKS
PROGRAMMER Mode
The CLEAR TRACKS command stops RSX-20F from typing all KL10
operations and results on the controlling terminal.
CONTINUE
PROGRAMMER Mode
The CONTINUE command takes the KL10 out of the HALT loop and
starts execution at the instruction pointed to by the PC.
C-8
PARSER
DEPOSIT AR:newdata
PROGRAMMER Mode
The DEPOSIT AR command sets the contents of the arithmetic
register to newdata.
DEPOSIT ELEVEN addr :newdata
TEN DECREMENT
INCREMENT
NEXT
PREVIOUS
THIS
The DEPOSIT memory address command displays the contents of the
specified or implied memory address and then replaces the
contents with newdata.
addr is the actual memory address in octal notation.
When referencing PDP-11 memory, this must be an even
number.
DECREMENT means subtract the KL10 increment factor from the
address last referenced, to arrive at the deposit
address. If PDP-11 memory is being referenced, this
command is the equivalent of DEPOSIT PREVIOUS.
INCREMENT means add the KL10 increment factor to the address
last referenced, to arrive at the deposit address.
If PDP-11 memory is being referenced, this command
is the equivalent of DEPOSIT NEXT.
NEXT means add one (for a KL10) or two (for a PDP-11) to
the address last referenced to arrive at the deposit
address.
PREVIOUS means subtract one (for a KL10) or two (for a
PDP-11) from the address last referenced to arrive
at the deposit address.
THIS means use the address last referenced as the deposit
address.
DISCONNECT
OPERATOR Mode
The DISCONNECT command disconnects the KLINIK link by running the
C-9
PARSER
KLDISC task. This command does not clear any KLINIK parameters.
EXAMINE PC
OPERATOR Mode
The EXAMINE PC command prints the contents of the KL10 program
counter (PC) in octal on the CTY.
EXAMINE KL
OPERATOR Mode
The EXAMINE KL command performs the EXAMINE PC, EXAMINE VMA,
EXAMINE PI, and the EXAMINE FLAGS commands, in that order.
EXAMINE ELEVEN addr
TEN DECREMENT
INCREMENT
NEXT
PREVIOUS
THIS
OPERATOR Mode
The EXAMINE memory address command displays the contents of the
specified or implied memory address in octal, on the CTY.
ELEVEN specifies that the command is referencing an address
in the PDP-11 memory.
TEN specifies that the command is referencing an address
in the KL10 memory.
If neither ELEVEN nor TEN is specified, the memory to be
referenced is determined by the most recent SET MEMORY command.
If no SET MEMORY command has been issued, KL10 memory is
referenced.
There are six arguments that determine the specific memory
address to be examined; one of them must be entered.
addr is the actual memory address in octal notation.
When referencing PDP-11 memory, this must be an even
number.
C-10
PARSER
DECREMENT means subtract the KL10 increment factor from the
address last referenced, to arrive at the examine
address. If PDP-11 memory is being referenced, this
command is the equivalent of EXAMINE PREVIOUS.
INCREMENT means add the KL10 increment factor to the address
last referenced, to arrive at the examine address.
If PDP-11 memory is being referenced, this command
is the equivalent of EXAMINE NEXT.
NEXT means add one (for a KL10) or two (for a PDP-11) to
the address last referenced to arrive at the examine
address.
PREVIOUS means subtract one (for a KL10) or two (for a
PDP-11) from the address last referenced to arrive
at the examine address.
THIS means use the address last referenced as the examine
address.
EXAMINE AB
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE AB command displays the contents of the address break
register.
EXAMINE AD
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE AD command displays the contents of the arithmetic
addr.
EXAMINE ADX
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE ADX command displays the contents of the arithmetic
adder extension.
EXAMINE AR
C-11
PARSER
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE AR command displays the contents of the arithmetic
register.
EXAMINE ARX
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE ARX command displays the contents of the arithmetic
register extension.
EXAMINE BR
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE BR command displays the contents of the buffer
register.
EXAMINE BRX
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE BRX command displays the contents of the buffer
register extension.
EXAMINE CRADDR
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE CRADDR command displays the contents of the CRAM
address register.
EXAMINE CRLOC
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE CRLOC command displays the contents of the CRAM
location register.
C-12
PARSER
EXAMINE DRADDR
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE DRADDR command displays the contents of the DRAM
address register.
EXAMINE DTE-20
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE DTE-20 command displays the contents of the three
diagnostic registers and the status register for the console DTE.
EXAMINE EBUS
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE EBUS command displays the contents of the EBUS
register.
EXAMINE FE
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE FE command displays the contents of the floating
exponent register.
EXAMINE FLAGS
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE FLAGS command displays the current state of the flag
bits (0 through 12) in the left half of the PC: OVF, CY0, CY1,
FOV, DIS, USR, UIO, LIP AFI, AT1, AT0, FUF, and NDV.
EXAMINE FM
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE FM command displays the contents of the fast memory
register.
C-13
PARSER
EXAMINE MQ
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE MQ command displays the contents of the multiplier
quotient register.
EXAMINE PI
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE PI command displays the current state of the priority
interrupt system.
EXAMINE REGISTERS
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE REGISTERS command displays the contents of the
following registers: AD, ADX, AR, ARX, BR, BRX, EBUS, FM, MQ,
and PC.
EXAMINE SBR
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE SBR command displays the contents of the subroutine
return register.
EXAMINE SC
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE SC command displays the contents of the shift count
register.
EXAMINE VMA
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE VMA command displays the contents of the virtual
memory address register.
C-14
PARSER
EXAMINE VMAH
PROGRAMMER Mode
The EXAMINE VMAH command displays the contents of the virtual
memory address half register.
HALT
PROGRAMMER Mode
The HALT command tries to put the KL10 inot the HALT loop by
clearing the RUN flop (FXCT 10) and waiting. If the KL10 refuses
to go into the HALT loop, the front end tries to force it in by
using BURST mode. If the attempt is unsuccessful, the following
error message is issued:
PAR -- [HALT] CFH - CAN'T FIND KL HALT LOOP
INITIALIZE
PROGRAMMER Mode
The INITIALIZE command sets up the KL10 state flag word with
default values and restarts the KL10 based on those values.
JUMP addr
OPERATOR Mode
The JUMP command starts the KL10 at the specified address and
exits from the PARSER. At this point, the CTY is connected to
the TOPS-10 operating system. The argument addr must be an
octal, positive, nonzero address with a maximum value of
17777777.
MCR taskname
OPERATOR Mode
The MCR command loads and starts the specified task file.
C-15
PARSER
QUIT
OPERATOR Mode
The QUIT command causes the PARSER to be exited. At this point,
the CTY is connected to the TOPS-10 operating system. This
command is equivalent to SET CONSOLE USER or CTRL/Z.
REPEAT nnn;[[command1;command2;...]]
OPERATOR Mode
The REPEAT command causes the subsequent commands in the current
command line to be repeated the number of times specified by nnn.
The argument nnn must be a positive, decimal, nonzero integer.
The command line can contain as many commands as can fit within
the 280-character buffer limitation. You can nest REPEATs within
the command line. Also, if a SET REPEAT command is in effect,
the two repeat factors are multiplied to arrive at the actual
number of times commands are repeated.
For example, the command:
REPEAT 10;EXAMINE PC
will examine the PC 10 times.
The command:
REPEAT 3;EXAMINE PC;REPEAT 2;EXAMINE NEXT
will execute the following sequence:
EXAMINE PC
EXAMINE NEXT
EXAMINE NEXT
EXAMINE PC
EXAMINE PC
EXAMINE NEXT
EXAMINE NEXT
EXAMINE PC
EXAMINE NEXT
EXAMINE NEXT
If SET REPEAT 4 had been previously entered, the above sequence
would be repeated four times.
If no commands are specified, the effect is that of a null
command.
C-16
PARSER
RESET
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET command performs a master reset of the KL10 and retains
the clock and parity-stop flags that existed before the reset.
This command is not allowed while the KL10 is running.
RESET ALL
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET ALL command executes the RESET APR, RESET DTE-20, RESET
PAG, and RESET PI commands. This command is not allowed while
the KL10 is running.
RESET APR
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET APR command executes a CONO APR,,267760 instruction to
clear the arithmetic processor. This command is not allowed
while the KL10 is running.
RESET DTE-20
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET DTE-20 command resets the DTE-20 by depositing a 1 in
bit 6 of the BTE diagnostic word 2. Bit 0 in diagnostic word 3
is set to 1 to indicate word-mode transfers.
RESET ERROR
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET ERROR command executes a CONO APR,,27760 instruction to
reset the error flags.
RESET INITIALIZE
PROGRAMMER Mode
C-17
PARSER
The RESET INITIALIZE command performs a master reset of the KL10
and sets up normal clock and parity-stop enables. This command
is not allowed while the KL10 is running.
RESET IO
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET IO command executes a CONO APR,,200000 instruction to
perform an I/O reset of the KL10.
RESET PAG
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET PAG command executes a CONCO PAG,,0 instruction
followed by a DATAO PAG,,100 instruction to reset the KL10 PAGing
box. This command requires that the KL10 clock be running.
RESET PI
PROGRAMMER Mode
The RESET PI command executes a CONO PI,,10000 instruction to
reset the KL10 programmable interrupt system.
RUN taskname
OPERATOR Mode
The RUN command loads and starts the specified task file. This
command is an alias for the MCR command.
SET CONSOLE OPERATOR
PROGRAMMER
USER
OPERATOR Mode
The SET CONSOLE command sets the console mode of operation and,
therefore, the allowable subset of PARSER commands:
C-18
PARSER
OPERATOR allows only those PARSER commands that cannot crash
the TOPS-10 or TOPS-20 monitor.
PROGRAMMER allows all PARSER commands except diagnostic
functions.
USER exits from the PARSER.
If no subargument is entered, the console is set to PROGRAMMER
MODE.
NOTE
If KLINIK is enabled and active, the PARSER does not
let you set the console mode any higher than that
specified when the KLINIK window was defined.
SET DATE
PROGRAMMER Mode
The SET DATE command sets RSX-20F's internal date. This date is
used in setting up and accessing KLINIK. This command is not
available if RSX-20F thinks that it already has a valid date
(validity flag is ON). In response to the SET DATE command, the
PARSER prompts you as follows:
PAR>SET DATE<RET>
DATE: dd mmm yy<RET>
TIME: 1211<RET>
CURRENT SYSTEM DATE:
MONDAY, dd-mmm-yy hh:mm<RET>
VALIDITY FLAG IS:ON<RET>
PAR>
SET INCREMENT n
OPERATOR Mode
The SET INCREMENT command sets the KL10 increment counter to the
value specified by the octal integer, n. The increment counter
is used by the INCREMENT and DECREMENT arguments of the EXAMINE
and DEPOSIT commands. Only KL10 memory addresses are modified by
the increment counter. PDP-11 addresses that are INCREMENTed or
DECREMENTed default to NEXT and PREVIOUS, respectively.
SET KLINIK
C-19
PARSER
OPERATOR Mode
The SET KLINIK command enables access to the KLINIK link. The
command initiates a dialog in which a KLINIK access window and
security parameters are established.
SET MEMORY ELEVEN
TEN
OPERATOR Mode
The SET MEMORY command establishes the default memory for
EXAMINEs and DEPOSITs.
ELEVEN means default to the PDP-11 memory.
TEN means default to the KL10 memory.
The command itself has no default; an argument must be entered.
When RSX-20F is first loaded, the default memory is TEN.
SET NOT argument
OPERATOR Mode
The SET NOT command is the equivalent of the CLEAR command and
requires an argument. (See the CLEAR commands.)
SET OFFSET nnnnnn
PROGRAMMER Mode
The SET OFFSET command sets the PDP-11 relocation factor to the
value specified by nnnnnn, an octal number in the range 77777
(+32,767) through 100000 (-23,768). The relocation factor when
RSX-20F is first loaded is the address of the PARSER root
overlay.
SET RELOAD
PROGRAMMER Mode
The SET RELOAD command enables the automatic reload of the KL10
by the PDP-11 front end in situations such as Keep-Alive-Failed
C-20
PARSER
or CPU errors.
SET REPEAT n
OPERATOR Mode
The SET REPEAT command sets the command line repeat factor to n.
The value n must be specified as a positive decimal number. Each
subsequent command line is repeated n times.
SET RETRY
PROGRAMMER Mode
The SET RETRY command sets the RETRY flag in the PARSER. When
this flag is set, the first occurrence of a Keep-Alive-Failed
error results in the execution of the instruction in location 71.
This instruction usually branches to a routine that causes the
KL10 monitor to dump memory and request a reload (stopcode). If
the KL10 cannot accomplish this before the end of the Keep-Alive
period (5 seconds), RSX-20F assumes that the KL10 is
incapacitated. In this case, KLERR is called to take a KL10
hardware snapshot and then reload the KL10.
If the RETRY flag is reset (see CLEAR RETRY), every occurrence of
a Keep-Alive-Failed error results in a KLERR snapshot/reload of
the KL10.
SET TRACKS
PROGRAMMER Mode
The SET TRACKS command causes RSX-20F to type out, on the CTY,
all KL10 operations and their results.
SHUTDOWN
OPERATOR Mode
The SHUTDOWN command deposits a -1 into the KL10 EXEC, virtual
location 30 (octal). It is used to gracefully bring down a
TOPS-10 operating system.
C-21
PARSER
START TEN addr
PROGRAMMER Mode
The START TEN command starts the KL10 at the address specified.
Control then returns to the PARSER. The starting address, addr,
is a required argument and must not be zero.
START MICROCODE [[addr]]
PROGRAMMER Mode
The START MICROCODE command performs a master reset of the KL10
and then starts the microcode at the specified address. If addr
is omitted, the default address is zero. Starting the microcode
at an address other than zero is not recommended.
WHAT CLOCK
PROGRAMMER Mode
The WHAT CLOCK command displays the current source, rate, and
control of the KL10's clocks.
WHAT CONSOLE
OPERATOR Mode
The WHAT CONSOLE command displays the current console mode:
OPERATOR, PROGRAMMER, MAINTENANCE, or USER.
WHAT DATE
OPERATOR Mode
The WHAT DATE command displays the day, date, and time that is
currently stored in RSX-20F. The status of the date validity
flag is also displayed.
WHAT INCREMENT
OPERATOR Mode
C-22
PARSER
The WHAT INCREMENT command displays the current value of the KL10
increment counter used in EXAMINEs and DEPOSITs.
WHAT KLINIK
OPERATOR Mode
The WHAT KLINIK command displays the current access status of the
KLINIK link. If no access window has been set up (see SET KLINIK
command) the reply is:
KLINIK DISABLED
If an access window has been set up but the link is in use, the
reply is:
KLINIK ACTIVE
If an access window has been set up and the link is not in use,
the reply is:
KLINIK INACTIVE
In either of the last two instances, the status is followed by a
display of the KLINIK window parameters.
WHAT MEMORY
OPERATOR Mode
The WHAT MEMORY command displays the default memory for DEPOSITs
and EXAMINEs.
WHAT OFFSET
PROGRAMMER Mode
The WHAT OFFSET command displays the current PDP-11 relocation
factor.
WHAT PARITY-STOP
PROGRAMMER Mode
C-23
PARSER
The WHAT PARITY-STOP command displays the current status of the
parity stop enable bit and which parity stops are currently
enabled.
WHAT RELOAD
PROGRAMMER Mode
The WHAT RELOAD command displays the current status of the
automatic reload function.
WHAT REPEAT
OPERATOR Mode
The WHAT REPEAT command displays the current value of the repeat
factor.
WHAT RETRY
PROGRAMMER Mode
The WHAT RETRY command displays the current status of the RETRY
flag in the PARSER.
WHAT TRACKS
PROGRAMMER Mode
The WHAT TRACKS command displays the current KL10 tracking
status.
WHAT VERSION
OPERATOR Mode
The WHAT VERSION command displays the current versions of RSX-20F
and the PARSER.
XCT argument
C-24
PARSER
PROGRAMMER Mode
The XCT command takes a 360-bit numerical expression as an
argument and executes it as a KL10 instruction. Note that
executing an instruction with an opcode (bits 0 through 8) of
zero is not allowed. If attempted, you receive an ILLEGAL KL
OPCODE error message.
ZERO loaddr>hiaddr
PROGRAMMER Mode
The ZERO command zeroes a specified area of KL10 memory. ZERO
accepts as an argument the boundary addresses of the area to be
zeroed: loaddr and hiaddr.
C-25
D-1
APPENDIX D
KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
If you use the SW REG load switch to load and start a KL10-based
system, you can enter the KLINIT operator dialog. The KLINIT operator
dialog consists of questions, which you must answer. There are a few
general rules that you must follow when you answer each question.
Therefore, this appendix is divided into the following sections:
o Section D.1, KLINIT Operator Dialog Rules, which lists the
rules that you must follow to answer a KLINIT operator dialog
question.
o Section D.2, Answering KLINIT Operator Dialog Questions,
which lists the acceptable answers to the KLINIT operator
dialog questions and describes each answer.
D.1 KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG RULES
During the KLINIT operator dialog, the following rules hold:
o Press RETURN to end each answer.
o Press RUBOUT or DELETE to delete a character.
o Press RETURN and do not type anything to select the default
answer to a question.
o The first answer enclosed in brackets is the default answer
to a question.
o Type CTRL/Z to end the KLINIT operator dialog and exit to the
PARSER without rewriting the configuration file, KL.CFG. If
you end the KLINIT operator dialog by typing CTRL/Z, the KL
hardware may not be completely initialized.
o Type CTRL/U to delete the current input line.
D-1
KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
o Type BACK to return to the previous question unless stated
otherwise.
o Type RESTART to the EXIT question to return to the first
question in the KLINIT operator dialog.
o Press ESCape at any point in an answer before you press
RETURN to restart the dialog. (ESCape does not print on your
terminal.)
o An unacceptable answer causes the question to repeat and an
error message to print.
o Type at least two characters to abbreviate an answer other
than a file name.
D.2 ANSWERING KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG QUESTIONS
This section lists all of the possible KLINIT operator dialog
questions and describes each acceptable answer to them. The questions
are listed in order of appearance, unless stated otherwise.
KLINIT automatically bypasses any questions that do not apply to your
system configuration. Therefore, on any one system, only a subset of
the possible KLINIT operator dialog questions will print on the CTY.
Also, a particular answer to a question may cause KLINIT to bypass
other questions.
There are two commands that are not used in response to any particular
question, but can be used at almost any time. The first of these
commands is BACK, which causes KLINIT to return to the previous
question. You can use this command at any time except on the first
question of the dialog.
The second of these commands has four forms. Each of these forms
toggle on and off the tracking capability. They are: T+, T-, L+, and
L-. To print a report on each operation of the initialization
procedure, type L+. This causes the complete listing to print on the
line printer. The T+ command causes the same listings to print on the
CTY. However, these listings are very long and take a great deal of
time to print on the CTY.
Answer each of the following KLINIT operator dialog questions after
the KLI> prompt prints on the CTY:
KLI -- ENTER DIALOG [NO,YES,EXIT,BOOT]?
NO Assume the default answers for all of the remaining
questions. This is your last chance to bypass the dialog
D-2
KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
and take the default answers.
YES Continue the dialog.
EXIT Discontinue the dialog and return to the RSX-20F monitor.
BOOT Skip the rest of the dialog, enable cache memory, as
directed by the KL.CFG file, and immediately load and
start the standard KL bootstrap program found in the file
BOOT.EXB. This answer causes KLINIT to take no defaults.
KLI -- RELOAD MICROCODE [YES,VERIFY,FIX,NO]?
YES Load the microcode from the bootstrap device into the KL
processor. If you want to load the microcode from a file
that has been saved with a name other than the default,
type a file name before you press RETURN to end your
answer.
VERIFY Verify that the microcode in the KL processor matches the
microcode on the bootstrap device. KLINIT prints an error
report for each location in which it finds an error and
increments an error count. (Refer to the RSX-20F System
Reference Manual for more information on this error
report.) If KLINIT detects any errors, it prints VERIFY
FAILED on the CTY and returns to the beginning of the
dialog. Then, you can reload the microcode and try again.
FIX Verify the microcode as in the VERIFY option. When KLINIT
detects an error, it attempts to reload that location. If
the reload is successful, the error count is decremented.
If the reload fails, KLINIT prints MICROCODE FIX FAILED.
In either case, verification continues with the next
location. If verification continues through all the
microcode and the final error count is greater than zero,
it prints VERIFY FAILED and returns to the beginning of
the dialog. Then, you can reload the microcode and try
again.
NO Do not load or verify the microcode.
KLI -- RECONFIGURE CACHE [FILE,ALL,YES,NO]?
FILE Configure cache memory as specified in the configuration
file, KL.CFG. If the KL.CFG file does not exist, all
cache memory is enabled. The dialog continues with the
CONFIGURE KL MEMORY question.
ALL Enable all cache memory. The dialog continues with the
CONFIGURE KL MEMORY question.
D-3
KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
YES Configure cache memory under dialog control.
NO Do not reconfigure cache memory. Instead, leave the
existing configuration as is. The dialogue continues with
the CONFIGURE KL MEMORY question.
KLI -- ENABLE WHICH CACHE [ALL,NONE,0-3]?
ALL Enable all cache memory.
NONE Disable all cache memory.
0-3 Enable only the caches specified. For example, to enable
caches 0, 1, and 3, type the following:
KLI>0,1,3<RET>
KLI -- CONFIGURE KL MEMORY [FILE,ALL,REVERSE,FORCE,YES,NO]?
FORCE prints only on 1091 systems. Also, if you type BACK to answer
this question, KLINIT returns you to the RECONFIGURE CACHE question.
FILE Configure KL memory as specified in the configuration
file, KL.CFG. If this file does not exist, KLINIT assumes
ALL. Then, KLINIT prints the logical memory map. The
dialog continues with the LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP question.
If the configuration in the KL.CFG file is not the same as
the actual system configuration, KLINIT prints an error
message and the KLINIT operator dialog starts over from
the beginning.
ALL Configure KL memory in the normal (forward) direction with
as much memory as possible. Then, KLINIT prints the
logical memory map. The dialog continues with the LOAD KL
BOOTSTRAP question.
REVERSE Configure memory under dialog control. This is a
maintenance feature. (Refer to the RSX-20F System
Reference Manual for more information on this answer.)
FORCE (Prints on 1091 system only) Allow the operator to force
KLINIT into a Double-Bit-Error (DBE) scan of the MF20 MOS
memory controllers. This scan allows KLINIT to attempt to
recover "lost" MF20 blocks. The scan requires
approximately 25 seconds for each 256K of memory to to
scanned.
YES Configure memory under dialog control in the normal
(forward) direction. Before KLINIT prints the next
D-4
KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
question, it examines memory and prints out a physical
memory map.
NO Do not configure memory; the previous memory configuration
remains. The dialog continues with the LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP
question.
NOTE
KLINIT saves the forward/reverse configuration
indicator in the KL.CFG file. This allows KLINIT to
restore the reverse configuration over reloads. If
the KL.CFG file does not exist, the default is normal
(forward) configuration.
KLI -- CONFIGURE INTERNAL CORE MEMORY [ALL,YES,NO]?
ALL Configure all internal core memory. The dialog continues
with the INTERNAL CORE MEMORY INTERLEAVE UPPER LIMIT
question.
YES Configure internal core memory under dialog control.
NO Delete all internal core memory. The dialog continues
with questions on other types of memory, if any. (See the
RSX-20F System Reference Manual for more information.)
KLI -- MODULES/BLOCKS WITHIN CONTROLLER n [ALL,NONE,SPECIFY]?
This question repeats for each controller, where n is the current
controller number.
ALL Configure all the memory modules for controller n.
NONE Delete all the memory modules for controller n.
SPECIFY Configure the specified module. Do not type SPECIFY.
Valid module numbers are 0 through 3. You must separate
the entries with commas. For example, to configure
modules 0 and 1, type the following:
KLI>0,1<RET>
KLI -- INTERNAL CORE MEMORY INTERLEAVE UPPER LIMIT [4,2,1]?
4 Allow up to 4-way interleaving.
2 Allow up to 2-way interleaving.
D-5
KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
1 Allow no interleaving.
The dialog continues with questions on other types of memory, if
any. If none, KLINIT prints the logical memory map. The dialog
continues with the LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP question.
KLI -- CONFIGURE EXTERNAL CORE MEMORY [YES,NO]?
YES Set the bus-mode for external memory.
NO Delete all external core memory. The dialog continues
with question on other types of memory, if any.
KLI -- EXTERNAL CORE MEMORY BUS-MODE [OPTIMAL,1,2,4]?
OPTIMAL Set the bus-mode for optimal performance.
1 Set the bus-mode to 1.
2 Set the bus-mode to 2.
4 Set the bus-mode to 4.
The dialog continues with questions on other types of memory, if
any. If none, KLINIT prints the logical memory map. The dialog
continues with the LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP question.
KLI -- CONFIGURE MOS MEMORY [ALL,YES,NO]?
ALL Configure all MOS memory. KLINIT prints the logical
memory map. The dialog continues with the LOAD KL
BOOTSTRAP question.
YES Configure MOS memory under dialog control.
NO Delete all MOS memory. KLINIT prints the logical memory
map. The dialog continues with the LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP
question.
KLI -- MODULES/BLOCK WITHIN CONTROLLER n [ALL,NONE,SPECIFY]?
NOTE
This question repeats for each controller, where n is
the current controller number.
ALL Configure all memory blocks for controller n.
D-6
KLINIT OPERATOR DIALOG
NONE Delete all memory blocks for controller n.
SPECIFY Configure the blocks specified. Do not type SPECIFY.
Type a list of block numbers (0 through 13 octal)
separated by commas. For example, to configure blocks 0,
1, 2, 7, 10, and 11, type the following:
KLI>0,1,2,7,10,11<RET>
KLI -- LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP [FILE,YES,NO, FILENAME]?
FILE Load the bootstrap specified in the KL.CFG file. If no
KL.CFG file exists, KLINIT uses the default bootstrap.
YES Load the default bootstrap.
NO Do not load a bootstrap.
FILENAME Load the specified file as the bootstrap.
KLI -- WRITE CONFIGURATION FILE [YES,NO]?
YES Write a new KL.CFG file that contains the current
configuration and load parameters.
NO Do not change the existing KL.CFG file.
At this point, if you requested a bootstrap, the bootstrap
program is loaded into the KL and started. If you
answered NO to the LOAD KL BOOTSTRAP question, KLINIT
prints the next question.
KLI -- EXIT [YES,RESTART]?
YES Write a new KL.CFG file (if requested) and then exit from
the KLINIT operator dialog.
RESTART Restart the KLINIT operator dialog. KLINIT prints the
ENTER dialog question.
D-7
E-1
APPENDIX E
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
BACKUP is a system program used to save disk files on magnetic tape,
or restore any or all of these files to disk. Magnetic tape is the
medium used for backup storage of disk files and for transporting
files between sites.
E.1 BACKUP FEATURES
BACKUP allows you to choose the files that you want to transfer
between disk and tape. You specify files in the following format:
dev:filename.ext[project,programmer]
BACKUP supports wildcard characters and subfile directories (SFDs).
You may also select files by specifying the dates or times associated
with those files.
The USAGE command enables USAGE accounting for BACKUP. This
status-setting command is a SAVE-only operation that writes accounting
records to the system ACTDAE, describing the disk usage for each
directory saved.
Automatic volume switching is done by PULSAR, for GALAXY 4.1 and later
versions of GALAXY. When the tape was mounted with tape label
processing enabled (with /LABEL-TYPE:ANSI, EBCDIC, or NOLABELS),
PULSAR performs volume switching instead of BACKUP. When
end-of-volume (EOT) is reached, a mount request is sent to the
operator. When the next volume is mounted, the last BACKUP command is
continued where it left off.
BACKUP has no control over volume switching that is performed by
PULSAR. For this reason, the MULTIREEL command will not work when
label processing is in effect. This command will work if /LABEL-TYPE
is used with the BYPASS, BLP, or USER-EOT arguments. With BYPASS (or
BLP, which are indentical), BACKUP sends the $BKPEOT message to the
operator when EOT is reached. If USER-EOT were specified, an
E-1
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
informational message ([BKPAMD) would be sent to the user, in addition
to the $BKPEOT message being sent to the operator.
If you use automatic volume switching, remember that BACKUP
relinquishes control to PULSAR, until a subsequent tape has been
mounted. Therefore, you should be sure to assign and use logical
names while running BACKUP.
Refer to the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual, Volume 1 for more
information about label processing.
If you are backing up the disk file structure, you can recover from a
system crash without starting completely over. You can produce a
directory listing of the tape at the same time you perform a save.
Another operator feature is a set of runtime commands compatible with
the spoolers.
To facilitate transporting files between sites, BACKUP provides an
"interchange" mode that prevents writing system-specific overhead
information on the tape.
To increase reliability, BACKUP responds to hardware-reported
tape-write errors by rewriting the data in a repeater record. When
the tape is read later, these repeater records are used instead of the
originals.
Sections E.2 and E.3 describe these features in more detail.
E.2 BACKUP COMMANDS
BACKUP commands fall into four categories:
1. Action commands
Action commands perform I/O and operate on the tape specified
by the last TAPE command (one of the status-setting
commands). (See Section E.2.1.)
2. Status-setting commands
Status-setting commands set a parameter that affects future
action commands. (See Section E.2.2.)
3. Tape-positioning commands
Tape-positioning commands take immediate effect.
Tape-positioning commands can take any one of a list of tapes
as an argument. (See Section E.2.3.)
E-2
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
4. Runtime commands
Runtime commands can be given during execution of the action
commands. (See Section E.2.4.)
Sections E.2.1 through E.2.4 list the BACKUP commands and their
functions.
E.2.1 Action Commands
The action commands perform I/O and operate on the tape specified by
the last TAPE command (one of the status-setting commands). Before
you can use any of the action commands, you must specify a tape. The
conventions used in the following list of commands and switches are:
spec means the file specification; that is,
dev:filename.ext[directories]
date means the date in the form dd-mm-yy
time means the time in the form hh:mm:ss
The action commands are:
Command Explanation
SAVE spec-list Saves the specified disk files on tape.
RESTORE spec-list Restores the specified tape files to disk.
CHECK spec-list Verifies that the tape and disk files agree.
[N]PRINT spec Prints a directory of the entire tape on the
line printer. N is an optional prefix
meaning narrow. PRINT produces the effect of
a NODIRECTORIES command; that is, no user
directories are printed.
An action command takes as an optional argument a list of file
specifications in a format similar to the monitor's COPY command. The
file specifications may contain wildcards and SFDs.
For each entry in the list of file specifications, you may specify
both input and output file specifications (in the form output=input),
or just the input specification. This allows you to rename files as
they are saved or restored. If you do not specify an output
specification, then the specified files are transferred without being
renamed. You must separate entries in the list of file specifications
with commas.
E-3
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
If you do not supply an argument with an action command, BACKUP
defaults to ALL:*.*[*,*,*,*,*,*,*]. This specifies all files on all
UFDs and all SFDs of all file structures with no renaming.
If you are not logged in under [1,2], the default for the SAVE command
is ALL:*.*[PPN,*,*,*,*,*]=DSK:*.*[PPN,*,*,*,*,*].
For the CHECK and RESTORE commands, the default is
DSK:*.*[PPN,*,*,*,*,*]=ALL:*.*[PPN,*,*,*,*,*].
The argument for the PRINT command is a single file specification.
Its default is LPT:BACKUP.LOG.
Note that specifying a field of a file-specification overlays only
that parameter and leaves the rest of the defaults as is. Fields are
device, file name, file extension, and directory specification. Under
no circumstances do the file-specification parameters become "sticky"
parameters. (A sticky parameter is one that carries over to the next
file specification in the list.) Therefore, if you specify a PPN for
one file specification, it does NOT carry over to the next file
specification in the list.
E.2.2 Status-Setting Commands
Status-setting commands set a parameter that affects future action
commands. Once a status parameter is set, it remains in effect until
you change it again. The format for date and time arguments is
dd-mm-yy, hh:mm:ss, relative date and times (prefixed by + or -), and
special mnemonic words (YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW, LOGIN, NOON,
MIDNIGHT).
If you type NO before a command, either the effect of the command is
negated or a different action is taken. The explanation of what
happens when you type NO before a command is enclosed in brackets [ ]
in the explanation of each command below. The default for any command
is the action that is described within the brackets, unless the
default is specified otherwise in the explanation.
The status-setting commands are:
Command Explanation
ABEFORE date Includes only files accessed before
the specified date.
[NO]APPEND Appends to existing list file
(default). [List file will
supersede any existing file.]
ASINCE date Includes only files accessed since
E-4
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
the specified date.
BEFORE date-time Includes only files created and
last modified before the specified
date or time.
| BLOCKINGFACTOR n Sets the number of disk blocks per
| tape block read or written on tape.
| The default value is 4 for
| compatability with tapes written by
| BACKUP without blocking factor
| capability. The specified value
| must be in the range of 4 to 96,
| and must be a multiple of 4 disk
| blocks. Due to KS10 UNIBUS adapter
| limitations, the maximum blocking
| factor on a KS10 is 56.
|
| Tape blocking is writing a tape
| block that contains more than one
| disk block. Older versions of
| BACKUP (versions prior to %6(700))
| may be said to use a blocking
| factor of 4, because they write 4
| disk blocks per tape block. Higher
| blocking factors permit BACKUP to
| fit more information in less space.
| The higher the blocking factor
| specified, the smaller the amount
| of space between tape blocks.
[NO]CPOINT Uses checkpoints. [Does not use
checkpoints.]
[NO]DATE75 Always accepts files with possible
DATE75 problems (default). [Never
accepts these files.]
[NO]DELETE Deletes disk files after saving
them. [Does not delete.]
DENSITY Sets tape density (default is
(200, 556, 800, 1600, 6250) system dependent).
[NO]DIRECTORIES Types each user's directory while
running (default). [Does not type
directories at all.]
[NO]ENCRYPT Encrypts the magnetic tape (asks
for key later). (A key is similar
to a password and it can consist of
up to 30 alphabetic characters.)
E-5
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
[Does not encrypt.]
| ERRMAX n Sets the maximum number of
| recoverable tape errors. The
| default is 100.
[NO]EXEMPT Exempts PPNs of the form [A,*] and
[10,B], where A and B are less than
7, from date/time and length
restrictions (default). [Does not
exempt.]
[NO]FILES Types each file name while running.
[Does not type file name at all.]
INITIAL spec Starts processing at spec.
[NO]INTERCHANGE Runs in interchange mode. (In
interchange mode, only the file
names, extensions, and versions are
written. There is no information
on what UFD a file was in when it
was saved.) [Runs in normal mode,
in which UFDs and device names are
written.]
LENGTH low:high Includes only files whose length is
between low and high.
[NO]LIST spec While running, makes a listing file
on spec (default spec is
LPT:BACKUP.LOG). (Does not make
listing file.) LIST produces the
effect of a NODIRECTORIES command,
that is, no user directories will
be typed.
MBEFORE date-time Includes only files that have been
last moved or modified before the
specified date-time.
MESSAGE [NO]PREFIX Suppresses error-message prefix.
[Does not suppress.]
MESSAGE [NO]FIRST Suppresses first line of
error-message text. [Does not
suppress.]
| MSINCE date-time Includes only files that have been
| moved or modified since the
| specified time.
E-6
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
[NO]MULTIREEL Allows multiple reels during a save
(default; multiple reels are always
permitted on a restore). [Does not
allow multiple reels during a
save.]
[NO]NFS Does not save files that have the
RP.NFS RIB status bit set (default
is to honor the "don't save this
file" status). [Ignores the RP.NFS
setting.]
OPTION name Uses option BACKUP:name from
SWITCH.INI.
PARITY (even,odd) Sets tape parity.
[NO]REPEAT Repeats a split file on the
continuation tape. [Does not
repeat.]
RESUME n Resumes at block n of initial file.
[NO]SDELETE Deletes a file without respect to
its protection code, if the user
has sufficient privilege to rename
the file to a lower protection
code. [Does not allow a
sufficiently protected file to be
deleted.]
SILENCE Does not type file names or
directories while running.
SINCE date-time Includes only files created or
modified since the specified
date-time.
SORT DIRECTORIES x Sorts directories within each file
structure in order x when saving.
x = ALPHABETICAL, LOCATION (by
compressed-file-pointer, which is
related to a file's physical
location on disk), or NONE (by
Master File Directory).
SORT FILES x Sorts files within each directory
in order x when saving. x =
ALPHABETICAL, LOCATION, or NONE (by
directory)
SSNAME name Specify the saveset name (up to 30
E-7
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
characters; ALL = all savesets on
tape).
SUPERSEDE ALWAYS Always restores file from tape.
SUPERSEDE NEVER Restores files from tape only if
files is not on disk.
SUPERSEDE OLDER Restores only the new files from
tape (default).
TAPE MTA0 Uses tape unit MTA0. If a magnetic
tape drive has the logical name
BACKUP, then the TAPE command need
not be specified.
TPNUMB x Sets the number of the current tape
to x (decimal).
| [NO]UNIQUE Specifies whether a unique file
| extension is written while running
| in interchange mode. Enabling this
| feature implies /ERSUPERSEDE.
UPROTECTION nnn Sets the protection for created
directories.
[NO]USAGE Enables Usage accounting. When
USAGE is enabled, BACKUP writes
accounting records to the system
ACTDAE, for every directory in a
SAVE operation. You must have
[1,2] privileges to enable or
[disable] accounting.
[NO]USETI Runs in USETI mode (speeds up saves
with /SINCE, and so forth). [Does
not run in USETI.]
[NO]WRITE Suppresses disk writing during a
restore. [Allows disk writing
during a restore.]
E.2.3 Tape-Positioning Commands
A tape-positioning command takes immediate effect; it can take any one
of a list of tapes as an argument. If you do not specify a tape for a
given command, BACKUP positions the last tape declared by a TAPE
command. The tape-positioning commands are:
E-8
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
Command Explanation
EOT tape list Skips to the end-of-tape mark for
each tape in the list.
REWIND tape list Rewinds to the beginning of the
tape for each tape in the list.
SKIP n tape list Skips n savesets forward for each
tape in the list.
SKIP 0 tape list Backs up to the start of the
current saveset for each tape in
the list.
SKIP -n tape list Skips n savesets backward for each
tape in the list.
UNLOAD tape list Unloads each tape from its drive
for each tape in the list.
You may include the following switches in the file specification list
for the action commands. These switches can be either temporary or
permanent. A temporary switch immediately follows the file to which
it applies. A permanent switch precedes the list of files to which it
applies, or may be typed on a separate line like a status-setting
command.
ABEFORE date (On input file) include only if
accessed before date.
ASINCE date (On input file) include only if
accessed since date.
BEFORE date-time (On input file) include only if
created before date-time.
ERNONE (On input file) give error if no
files match.
ERPROTECTION (On input file) give error is there
is a protection failure.
ERSUPERSEDE (On output file) do not restore
from tape if on disk.
ESTIMATE n (On output file) estimate output
size.
LENGTH 1:h (On input file) include only if the
file length is between 1:h.
E-9
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
MBEFORE date-time (On input file) include only if
modified before date-time.
MSINCE date-time (On input file) include only if
modified since date-time.
OKNONE (On input file) do not given an
error if no files match.
OKPROTECTION (On input file) do not give an
error if there is a protection
failure.
OKSUPERSEDE (On output file) always restore
even if on disk.
[NO]PHYSICAL (Input or output) ignore logical
names. [Accept logical names.]
PROTECTION nnn (On output file) set the protection
code.
SINCE date-time (On input file) include only if
ceated since the specified
date-time.
[NO]STRS (On input file) search all
structures associated with the
specified logical name; back up all
occurrences of the file specified
(default). [Backup only the
file(s) satisfying the filespec on
the first structure where a match
is found. (If such files are
located on two or more structures,
the only file(s) that will be
backed up are the file(s) on the
earliest structure where a match
occurs.)]
VERSION v (On output file) set output file
version number.
E.2.4 Runtime Commands
You may give the following runtime commands during execution of the
action commands. BACKUP prints an exclamation point (!) when it is
ready to accept a runtime command. (EXIT, HELP, and RESET also use a
slash (/) as a prompt.
E-10
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
If you type NO before you type the command, either the command is
negated or a different action is taken. The explanation of what
happens when you type NO before a command is enclosed in brackets [ ]
in the explanation of each command below. The explanation in brackets
is the default, unless the default action is otherwise specified.
The runtime commands are:
Command Explanation
[NO]DIRECTORIES Starts typing every directory
processed. [Does not type these
directories.]
EXIT Exits from BACKUP when done.
[NO]FILES Starts typing every file and
directory processed. [Does not
type these files.]
GO Continues after a STOP.
HELP Lists these commands and
explanations.
KILL Aborts execution of the current
action command.
PAUSE Does not exit from BACKUP when
done.
RESET Resets all status settings to their
original defaults when done.
SILENCE Stops typing every directory or
file.
STOP Stops temporarily; can be continued
by GO.
WHAT Displays current file name and
status.
BACKUP also supports "/@file" construction, which allows you to use
indirect command files, like the COMPIL-class commands. (Refer to the
TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual for information on
COMPIL-class commands.) You can use all BACKUP commands and switches
in an indirect file, except for the runtime commands. (Note that
"/verb @file" is NOT a valid alternate format.)
E-11
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
E.3 BACKUP EXAMPLES
The following examples demonstrate the applications of BACKUP.
Section E.3.1 contains console user examples and Section E.3.2
contains operator task examples.
E.3.1 Console User Examples
The console user can execute all of the BACKUP commands on his own
disk area. He can save his disk area or any other files accessible to
him on his own magnetic tape and later restore to his area all his
files or a subset of his files. In the following examples, the user
is logged in under [10,123]. Everything that you (the user) must type
is underscored.
E.3.1.1 Saving a User's Disk Area - To save all files in your own
disk area on a magnetic tape mounted on MTA0, type:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0<RET>
/REWIND<RET>
/SAVE<RET>
!10,123 DSKB
10,123 DSKC
"Done
/UNLOAD<RET>
/^C
E.3.1.2 Restoring Selected Files - To retrieve a specific file and a
set of files from a BACKUP tape by using wildcards, type:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA1<RET>
/REWIND<RET>
/RESTORE FIL.TXT, TST???.*<RET>
!10,123 DSKB
"Done
/UNLOAD<RET>
/^C
E.3.1.3 Renaming Files as They are Transferred - In the following
example, the file name FILEA.MAC on tape is copied to disk as
FILEB.MAC, but its path (device and directory level) is not changed.
To change a file's name or location path as it is moved between tape
E-12
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
and disk, type:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0<RET>
/REWIND<RET>
/RESTORE FILEB.MAC=FILEA.MAC<RET>
!10,123 DSKB
"Done
/UNLOAD<RET>
/^C
In the next example, the file FILEC.MAC was located on DSKB in the
user's UFD [10,123] when saved on tape, but it is restored to the
subfile directory SFD1 on DSKC.
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0<RET>
/REWIND<RET>
/RESTORE DSKC:[10,123,SFD1]=DSKB:FILEC.MAC[10,123]<RET>
!10,123 DSKB
"Done
/UNLOAD<RET>
/^C
E.3.2 Operator Tasks
You (the operator) should periodically save the contents of the disk
on magnetic tape. This provides a backup capability should something
unforeseen happen to the disk.
E.3.2.1 Saving the Entire Disk - To save the entire contents of DSKB
on magnetic tape and concurrently produce a directory listing, BACKUP
is run while logged in under [1,2] as follows:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0<RET>
/LIST DSK:BACKUP.LOG<RET>
/SAVE DSKB:<RET>
!1,2 DSKB
1,3
1,4
.
.
.
BACKUP types out each UFD as it begins to save files from that area.
If the tape becomes full before the save is completed, BACKUP stops,
types out the full file identification and block number of the current
E-13
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
file being saved, unloads the magnetic tape, and displays one of the
following messages:
If the tape was mounted without label recognition (BYPASS or BLP), or
with USER-EOT, the following message prompts you for the next tape:
$BKPEOT REACHED EOT -- MOUNT NEW TAPE THEN TYPE "GO"
If the tape was mounted with label processing (/LABEL-TYPE:ANSI,
EBCDIC, or NOLABELS), PULSAR also sends the following message to the
user:
[BKPAMD Asking MDA for next volume]
E.3.2.2 Recovering from a System Crash - If the system should crash
during a save, for example while BACKUP is saving files from UFD
[10,456], after bringing the system up, you can instruct BACKUP to
start at UFD [10,456] by using the /INITIAL switch:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0<RET>
/LIST DSK:BACKUP.LOG<RET>
/INITIAL DSKB:[10,456]<RET>
/SAVE DSKB:<RET>
!10,456 DSKB
.
.
.
Note that you must reset any status parameters that were incorrect
before the crash, and that you must NOT rewind the tape. Note also
that BACKUP appends to the existing LIST filespec.
E.3.3 Saving Only Recently Created or Modified Files
To save only those files created or modified today, include the
/MSINCE status-setting switch:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0<RET>
/LIST DSK:BACKUP.LOG<RET>
/MSINCE:YESTERDAY<RET>
/SAVE DSKB:<RET>
!1,2 DSKB
.
.
.
E-14
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
Certain files and disk areas are automatically exempted from date and
time restrictions. Files with the RP.ABU bit (always backup bit) set
in the .RBSTS word of the RIB and PPNs of the form [A,*] and [10,B]
where A and B are less than or equal to 7 are always exempted from
date and time restrictions. This causes all libraries to always be
saved and restored. (The PPN exemption can be overridden by using the
/NOEXEMPT status-setting command.)
E.3.4 Restoring Only Recently Accessed Files
In the following example the /ASINCE switch is used to restore from
tape only those files whose access date is later than 1 June 1979:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA1<RET>
/ASINCE:dd-mm-yy<RET>
/RESTORE<RET>
!
E.4 OBTAINING DIRECTORIES OF BACKUP TAPES
The command:
[N]PRINT spec
prints a directory of the entire tape. The optional prefix N
indicates a narrow listing (72 columns). The default specification is
LPT:BACKUP.LOG. If a line printer is not available to the user's job,
if spooling is not in effect, and if the default spec is used, an
error will occur.
The following example produces a disk file directory listing named
BACKUP.LOG.
.R BACKUP<RET>
/REWIND<RET>
/PRINT DSK:<RET>
!
This is an example of the output:
.TYPE BACKUP.LOG<RET>
Start of save set SCAN on MTA401
System R5200 SYS #40/2 TOPS-10 monitor 602(13053) APR#40
1600 BPI 9 track dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss BACKUP 2(155) format 1
SCAN REL 58 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKB: [10,4077]
E-15
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
SCAN RNO 8 <055> dd-mmm-yy
SCAN MAC 304 <055> dd-mmm-yy
SCN7B REL 59 <055> dd-mmm-yy
SCN7B DO 101 <055> dd-mmm-yy
SCN7B RNO 97 <055> dd-mmm-yy
SCN7B CTL 3 <055> dd-mmm-yy
SCN7B MAC 309 <055> dd-mmm-yy
SCAN MEM 11 <055> dd-mmm-yy
End of save set SCAN on MTA401
System R5200 SYS #40/2 TOPS-10 monitor 602(13053) APR#40
1600 BPI 9 track dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss BACKUP 2(155) format 1
Start of save set BACKUP on MTA401
System R5200 sys #40/2 TOPS-10 monitor 602(13053) APR#40
1600 BPI 9 track dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss BACKUP 2(155) format 1
BACKUP REL 22 <055> dd-mmm-yy DSKB: [10,4077]
BACKRS REL 52 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP SHR 55 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP LOW 34 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP MAC 118 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKRS MAC 270 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP MAC 19 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP HLP 20 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP RNO 4 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP DOC 4 <055> dd-mmm-yy
BACKUP CTL 2 <055> dd-mmm-yy
End of save set BACKUP on MTA401
System R5200 SYS #40/2 TOPS-10 monitor 602(13053) APR#40
1600 BPI 9 track dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss BACKUP 2(155) format 1
E.5 COMPARING TAPE AND DISK FILES
The command:
CHECK spec-list
verifies that the tape and disk agree. BACKUP compares the tape files
specified for input to the disk files specified for output, word for
word.
The following example saves all the user's COBOL files on tape and
then verifies that the saved tape files are identical to the disk
files.
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0:<RET>
E-16
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
/REWIND<RET>
/SAVE *.CBL<RET>
/REWIND<RET>
/CHECK<RET>
!
/
To restore all SHR and LOW files from a tape and then verify that the
files were restored correctly, type:
/REWIND<RET>
/SSNAME ALL<RET>
/RESTORE *.SHR,*.LOW<RET>
!
/REWIND<RET>
/CHECK *.SHR,*.LOW<RET>
!
/
E.6 CHECKPOINTING LARGE FILES
Installations that maintain exceptionally large files (over 5000
blocks) will want to include the /CPOINT status-setting switch when
saving and restoring files. This switch extends BACKUP's system crash
recovery capability to the file-block level. During a checkpoint
save, the typeout level is set to type the file names and checkpoints
as they are passed. To continue from the last checkpoint after a
crash, the /INITIAL switch is used to indicate the file specification
and the /RESUME switch to declare the checkpoint block number. For
example:
.R BACKUP<RET>
/TAPE MTA0<RET>
/INITIAL DSKB:[40,577]DATBAS.DBS<RET>
/RESUME 6000<RET>
/SAVE<RET>
!40,577 DSKB
DATBAS DBS
RESUMING AT CHECKPOINT 6000
7000
8000
.
.
.
Note that you should not rewind the tape to continue a checkpoint
save.
During a checkpoint restore, the disk output file is closed at every
checkpoint and then appended to. The procedure for continuing after a
E-17
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
crash is the same as that for the checkpoint save, with the exception
that you must first rewind the tape.
The default for checkpoints is 1000 blocks.
E.7 BACKUP MESSAGES
E.7.1 Informational Messages
[BKPAMD Asking MDA for next volume]
This message is sent to the user when the tape was mounted with
/LABEL-TYPE:USER-EOT. This message indicates that the
end-of-volume was reached for a multi-volume tape set, and the
operator has been requested to mount the next tape.
E.7.2 Operator Messages
$BKPEOT Reached EOT -- mount new tape then type "GO"
The tape is full. Mount a new one and then type GO to continue.
$BKPICG Invalid command, please make sure that tape is ready then
respond GO
The operator receives this error message if he replies to the
$BKPEOT or the $BKPTWL message with any response other than GO.
The operator should make sure that the next tape has been mounted
correctly and then respond with GO.
$BKPTGC errors may occur type "GO to continue..
This message allows you to continue or abort the RESTORE
operation.
$BKPTWL Tape write locked -- add write ring then type "GO"
The tape is write-locked. Insert a write ring and then type GO
to continue.
E-18
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
E.7.3 Fatal Error Messages
?BKPABC Ambiguous command
You have given a command abbreviation that is not unique.
| ?BKPBFW Blocking Factor Out of Range
|
| The specified argument to the blockingfactor switch is not within
| the range of 4 to 96 (56 for KS10).
|
|
| ?BKPBNM Blocking Factor Not a Multiple of 4 Disk Blocks
|
| The specified argument to the blockingfactor switch is not 4, 8,
| 12,...
?BKPCDU Cannot do USAGE Accounting from this PPN
The [NO]USAGE command is an operator-only function. Do not
attempt to enable/disable USAGE accounting for BACKUP unless you
are the system operator.
?BKPCGT Can't get next tape
The mount request for the next volume in a multi-reel set failed.
This message is always followed by the ?BKPDVF, the ?BKPINS, or
the ?BKPOPA error message, which will describe the failure in
more detail.
?BKPCOL Can't OPEN listing device
The device specified for the LIST command cannot be selected for
output.
?BKPCOM Can't OPEN magtape
The tape device specified cannot be selected for output.
?BKPCSA Can't SAVE with saveset name "ALL"
"ALL" is reserved to mean all savesets on tape; therefore, it
cannot be used to name an individual saveset when saving.
?BKPDND Device not a disk
E-19
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
The input device specified for a save is not a disk.
?BKPDNM Device not a magtape
The device specified for the TAPE command or a tape-positioning
command is not a magnetic tape drive.
?BKPDVF DEVOP. failed with error code [code]
This message may follow either the ?BKPTLE or ?BKPCGT error
message and indicates that the DEVOP. monitor call (.DFRES
function) to retrieve device status has failed. The code
returned indicates the reason for failure and is described in the
TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual. After this message has been
printed, BACKUP exits to monitor level CONTINUEs are not allowed.
BACKUP must be restarted.
?BKPFSL File specification data lost
During the processing of a file specification list, a consistency
check determined that data was lost. If this error occurs,
please send an SPR.
?BKPHSG Cannot get high segment back
BACKUP releases its high-segment command scanner when performing
I/O to eliminate most of the memory while running. The attempt
to restore the high segment after completing the I/O operation
has failed.
?BKPINS Insufficient number of reels specified
The user did not specify enough reels in the MOUNT request. This
error can only occur during a read operation, and is always
preceded by a ?BKPCGT error message. After this message has been
printed, BACKUP exits to monitor level. The user should submit
another MOUNT request specifying all the appropriate volumes.
?BKPIRC Invalid run-time command
You typed an illegal runtime command. Type KILL to abort the run
and return to command level. Type HELP to get a list of valid
runtime commands.
?BKPKDM Keys don't match -- please try again
E-20
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
BACKUP asks for the encryption key twice, and compares the keys
for verification. This indicates that the comparison failed.
?BKPLFE Listing file ENTER error
After opening the listing I/O channel, no entry could be made for
the listing file.
?BKPLSI Listing specification incorrectly formatted
You used incorrect formatting or a wildcard in specifying the
LIST file. No list specification is created.
?BKPNTS No tape specified
While searching for the last tape specification given, BACKUP
could not find one.
?BKPNZC Negative and zero checkpoints illegal
You specified a negative or zero argument with the RESUME
command.
?BKPNZT Negative and zero tape numbers illegal
The argument you gave to the TPNUMB command was not a positive
decimal integer.
?BKPOPA [error message] operation aborted
This message follows either the ?BKPTLE or ?BKPCGT error message
and provides one of several error messages specifying the label
error that occurred. The error message corresponds to the device
status code returned by the .DFRES function of the DEVOP.
monitor call, which is described in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls
Manual. After this message has been printed, BACKUP exits to
monitor level. CONTINUEs are not allowed. You must restart
BACKUP.
?BKPRES Reached EOT on a single reel save
This message is issued when the end of the tape is reached and
you have specified the /NOMULTIREEL command.
E-21
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
?BKPRTE Reached tape error maximum
BACKUP will abort the execution of an action command and return
to command level when a large number of tape I/O errors have
occurred. Currently, the error maximum is set to 10. (This is
an assembly parameter.)
?BKPSKF SKIP failed, tape position error
The SKIP operation failed. If you fail to position the tape
correctly, BACKUP may overwrite existing files or read files from
the wrong saveset.
?BKPTLE Error detected by tape label handler
This message from PULSAR indicates an error while BACKUP was
performing an operation (SAVE, RESTORE, and so forth). The wrong
tape may be mounted, to which you do not have access. This
message is always followed by either the ?BKPOPA or ?BKPDVF
message.
?BKPTMI Insufficient core for command
The routine for allocating space for file specifications could
not expand core enough to store the specification.
?BKPTSI Tape specification incorrectly formatted
The user has used incorrect formatting or a wildcard in
specifying the tape device.
?BKPWPI Wild PPN illegal in INTERCHANGE mode
When doing a RESTORE in INTERCHANGE mode, it is illegal to use
wildcards for only the project or only the programmer number.
You must use wildcards for both or neither.
E.7.4 Warning Messages
%BKPABT ABORT spec
The transfer of the specified file from tape to disk has been
aborted.
E-22
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
?BKPAMD Asking MDA for next volume
A mount request has been sent to the operator, for the next
volume in a multi-reel tape volume set.
%BKPBMT Block missed on tape, expected [spec] (block = [n])
The block number of the current block is greater than that of the
block expected; data may be missing. This message is always
followed by the %BKPFLC message.
%BKPBTL Block too large reading [spec] (block = [n])
The current record being read from tape exceeds the buffer size.
The record will be skipped.
%BKPCCM Cannot COPY MFD for structure
The program cannot get enough memory to copy the retrieval
information block for the indicated directory. Files for the
UFD/SFD will not be saved, and the program will skip to the next
UFD/SFD.
%BKPCCU Copy UFD/SFD for [spec]
The program cannot get enough memory to copy the indicated UFD or
SFD. Files for this UFD or SFD will not be saved, and the
program will skip to the next UFD/SFD.
%BKPCDF Cannot delete file [error bits] ([code]) [spec]
The specified file could not be deleted. The error bits and code
returned are listed in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.
%BKPCDS CHECK disk file shorter [spec]
During a check operation, an end-of-file occurred for the
indicated disk file, even though there is more file data on tape.
%BKPCFD CHECK files are different [spec]
The check operation determined that the disk and tape versions of
the indicated file are different.
E-23
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
%BKPCHK Checksum inconsistency reading [spec] (block = [n])
During a read, the computed checksum of the current tape record
did not agree with the checksum stored when the record was
written.
%BKPCNF CHECK file not on disk [spec]
The indicated file could not be found on disk during a check
operation.
%BKPCOD Cannot OPEN "[file structure]"
The file structure indicated cannot be selected for I/O. The
transfer of files for this structure will be aborted.
%BKPCRH Cannot read HOME block for structure "[file structure]"
While doing independent super I/O, BACKUP could not read the HOME
BLOCK. This error can occur only if the FT$IND assembly switch
is on. (FT$IND is unsupported.)
%BKPCTS CHECK tape file shorter [spec]
During a check operation, an end-of-file occurred for the
indicated tape file, even though there is more file data on disk.
%BKPDFE Disk file had errors when SAVEd [spec]
The specified file being restored or checked had disk errors when
it was saved. The data may be corrupted.
%BKPDIE disk input error [error bits] (block = n) during [spec]
A disk input error occurred during the attempt to save the
specified file. The error bits are those returned by the GETSTS
monitor call. The block number is the block where the error
occurred. It may contain corrupted data when the file is
restored.
%BKPDLT Tape being read [label-type] was written [label-type]
The existing label on a RESTORE operation did not match the
label-type that the user specified. This message is always
followed by the $BKPTGC message.
E-24
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
%BKPDOE Disk output error [error bits] during [spec]
A disk output error occurred during the attempt to write the
specified file. The error bits are those returned by the GETSTS
monitor call. The transfer of this file will be aborted.
%BKPDSE Disk save error (block - [n]) [spec]
The specified file being restored or checked had a disk error
when the indicated block was saved. That block may contain
unreliable information. This warning is always followed by the
%BKPDFE message when the restore or check operation is completed.
%BKPFEE ENTER [error-code] [spec]
File-enter error for the indicated file. The error code included
is that returned by the monitor, and the error code abbreviation
is listed in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.
%BKPFLC File continuing with [spec] (block = [n])
This message immediately follows the %BKPBMT error message. The
block number is the number of the next block read after the
occurrence of the %BKPBMT message.
%BKPFLE LOOKUP [error-code] [spec]
File-lookup error for the indicated file. The error code
included is that returned by the monitor, and the error code
abbreviation is listed in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.
%BKPFRE File RENAME error [error bits] ([code]) [spec]
File rename error for the indicated file. The error code
included is that returned by the monitor, and is listed in the
TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual. This warning occurs at the end of
a restore operation on a file when an improper protection code
and size estimate are given to the file using a RENAME UUO.
%BKPFRS FRS tapes not supported
On reading a tape, if the tape format seems to correspond to an
FRS tape rather than a BACKUP tape, this message is issued and
BACKUP continues scanning the tape for records in a format that
it understands.
E-25
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
%BKPHSI Header file spec inconsistency
During a restore operation, a consistency check determined that
the end-of-file record for the current file was missed, and the
current record belongs to another file. The transfer will be
aborted for this file.
%BKPIBL Incorrect block length
During a read, the program encountered a tape record of the wrong
size. The record will be skipped.
%BKPLF Listing file error [error bits ] ([code]) [spec]
The listing file is closed and appended to after the processing
of each UFD, so that it will be preserved through a system crash
and recovery procedure. If either the LOOKUP or ENTER monitor
call for appending to the listing file fails, this message prints
and no further output is done to the listing file. The error
bits and code returned are listed in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls
Manual.
%BKPNBF Not BACKUP format
The current tape record is not in BACKUP format, and the program
will skip to the next tape record.
%BKPNCU Not enough Core for Usage accounting
The CORE UUO failed while trying to get more memory so that Usage
accounting could be performed. The SAVE operation is aborted.
%BKPNEC Not enough core
The program cannot get enough core. If this occurs during a
restore, the restore will be aborted. During a save, the program
will skip to the next structure or UFD and attempt to continue.
%BKPNFF No files found to match [spec]
No files were found to match the given file specification.
%BKPPBR Prior block repeated rereading/rewriting from [spec] (block =
[n])
E-26
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
An out-of-sequence record was found. This record will be used in
place of the prior corresponding record.
%BKPPUD Please use .DISMOUNT monitor command instead of UNLOAD
The UNLOAD command can only be used when BYPASS label processing
is in effect. You must use the monitor command DISMOUNT to
unload the tape.
| %BKPRBF Reducing Blocking Factor for KS10
|
| A large blocking factor exceeded the limits of the KS10 UNIBUS
| adapter. The blocking factor has been reduced to the KS10
| maximum.
%BKPRIC RESUME at invalid checkpoint attempted
This message indicates that the user instructed BACKUP to
continue saving or checking a file a checkpoint that was larger
than the actual number of blocks in the file.
%BKPROD RESTORE output device is not a disk
The output device specified for a restore is not a disk.
%BKPSCE Size copy error [spec]
This error will occur after a file has been transferred from tape
to disk. It occurs when the file on disk is not the same size as
the size recorded in the file's RIB when it was originally
transferred from disk to tape. This error can occur when
restoring a BACKUP listing file. If this error occurs for any
other unexplained files (for example, the file was not active
when it was transferred from disk to tape), please send an SPR.
%BKPSDI Specified density incorrect, density used is code [density
code]
You have specified an illegal density. This message returns the
code of the density that will be used. This code may be
interpreted by referring to the .TFDEN function of the TAPOP.
monitor call in the TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual.
%BKPSLE SFD level exceeded
E-27
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
While attempting to save needed SFDs, the SFD level was exceeded.
%BKPSNF SAVE SET NOT FOUND name
This message may occur during a RESTORE or CHECK operation and
indicates that the saveset named with the last /SSNAME command
could not be found.
%BKPTHE TAPE HARDWARE ERROR READING/WRITING spec (BLOCK = n)
A hardware error occurred. The transferred file may contain
unreliable data.
%BKPTPE TAPE PARITY ERROR READING/WRITING spec (BLOCK = n)
The hardware detected a parity error. The transferred file may
contain unreliable data.
%BKPUOE UNTRACEABLE OUTPUT ERROR
An error was encountered while trying to move data from disk to
tape.
%BKPURT UNKNOWN RECORD TYPE
While reading the tape, BACKUP found that the type number of the
current tape record is not within the defined range. The program
will skip to the next tape record.
E.8 BACKUP TAPE FORMAT
BACKUP is designed for two primary functions: performing system
backup and transferring files between systems. For the latter
function, BACKUP provides an interchange switch that causes
system-dependent data to be ignored and only critical file information
to be written on tape. A restore operation in interchange mode also
ignores system-dependent data, allowing the operating system to supply
defaults where necessary. Items not included in interchange mode are
noted in Sections E.9.1 through E.9.7.
E.8.1 Tape Record Types
BACKUP tapes are made up of a series of tape records of various types.
E-28
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
Each record is self-identifying. All records on the tape are written
at the standard length of 544(10) words. Each record is made up of a
32(10)-word header and a 512(10)-word data area. Even if the data
area is not needed, or is only partially needed, it is fully written.
All undefined or unused words are written with zeroes and ignored on
read. This maximizes the probability of reading old tapes. In any
case, the tape format is included in the labels and the saveset
headers.
The record types are:
1. T$LBL -- tape label used to identify reel-id and destruction
date/time. This record is optional, but if present must be
at the start of the tape.
2. T$BEG -- beginning of a saveset used to identify when the
saveset was written and on what device of what system. It
also includes the saveset name. This record is mandatory and
must be the first record of the saveset.
3. T$END -- end of a saveset. This is identical to the T$BEG
record except that it appears at the end.
4. T$FIL -- this is the actual data that has been saved. It is
the only type of record that is encrypted. It is
self-identifying as to the position within the file, but
contains only part of the full-path name of the file.
5. T$UFD -- contains the information for each directory. It
gives all information necessary to recreate the directory
(not written in interchange mode).
6. T$EOV -- indicates end of volume (future).
7. T$COM -- comment (ignored).
8. T$CON -- continuation of saveset. This is identical to T$BEG
except that it indicates the continuation of the saveset at
the start of a new volume. This ensures that each volume is
completely self-identifying.
E.8.2 Standard Record Format
Every tape record has the same general format. This consists of a
32(10)-word record header followed by 1 page of data (512(10) words).
All record headers start with the same first 12 words. The first
seven words are:
E-29
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
1. G$TYPE -- record type as described in Section E.9.1. This is
a small positive integer.
2. G$SEQ -- record sequence number. This is incremented by 1
for each record on the tape. If a record is repeated because
of a tape write error, the number of the repeated record is
the same as that of the original.
3. G$RTNM -- relative tape number. This is incremented by 1 for
each volume.
4. G$FLAG -- flag bits:
a. GF$EOF -- this flag is set if this is the last tape
record for this disk file. On short files, this can
even be set on the first record of the file.
b. GF$RPT -- this flag is set if this tape record is a
repeat of the previous record. This is set whenever the
record is rewritten because of a tape write error.
c. FG$NCH -- this flag is set if no checksum has been
computed for the tape record.
d. GF$SOF -- this flag is set if this is the first tape
record for this disk file.
|
| e. GF$D0 -- disk file had error in first block.
|
| f. GF$D1 -- disk file had error in second block.
|
| g. GF$D2 -- disk file had error in third block.
|
| h. GF$D3 -- disk file had error in fourth block.
5. G$CHK -- checksum of the tape record.
6. G$SIZ -- number of words used for data in this tape record.
7. G$LND -- number of words to skip before the data starts.
|
| 8. G$TBS -- tape block size.
|
| a. GC$BSE -- size of the tape block.
|
| b. GC$N -- Number of disk blocks per tape block.
|
| 9. G$CUSW -- Reserved for customer use.
The next four words are reserved for future expansion. The twelfth
(last) word in the general section of the record header is reserved
for customer use. The remaining 20 words in the record header vary
E-30
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
for each record type, with the last word of each record header
reserved for customer use. In interchange mode, customer-reserved
words will be written as zero on a save and ignored on a read.
E.8.3 Non-data Blocks
The data portion of a tape record is primarily for storing file data,
but may be used for saving some overhead information. Any non-data
information written in the data area of a tape record is prefaced with
a control word of the form:
LH = type, RH = length in words including this word
More than one overhead region can appear. In this case, they follow
each other with no intervening space. The currently defined types for
overhead blocks are:
1. O$NAME -- gives the full-path identification of the file
without punctuation. The path components are treated as if
the user gave a quoted representation in "DIGITAL Integrated
Command Language." This block consists of sub-blocks in the
standard order: device, directories (top down), file name,
extension, version, generation. Sub-blocks corresponding to
missing fields in the path specification are omitted. Each
sub-block is in the format:
WORD0: LH = type, RH = length in words including this word
The rest of the sub-block is the path field in ASCIZ without
leading or embedded nulls, terminated by at least one null.
Omitted fields will be defaulted. In interchange mode, only
the name, extension, and version are written. In interchange
restore, only name, extension, and version are used.
Sub-block type codes are:
1 = device
2 = name
3 = extension
4 = version
5 = generation
40 = directory (lower directories are 41, 42, ...)
2. O$FILE -- a block containing file attributes. The first
section of this block is a fixed-length header area
containing in fixed locations either single-word attributes
or byte pointers to ASCIZ string attributes located in the
remaining section. All dates and times are in universal
date/time format. In interchange mode, only the critical
attributes (starred) will be written, and the rest of this
E-31
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
block will contain zeros. In the description that follows,
the symbols in brackets represent the RIB data from which the
attribute values will be converted. (If none is given, the
location will be zero.)
a. A$FHLN (*) -- fixed-header length in words
b. A$FLGS -- flags:
1. B$PERM -- permanent (not deletable) [RP.NDL]
2. B$TEMP -- temporary
3. B$DELE -- already deleted
4. B$DLRA -- do not delete for lack of recent access
[RP.ABU]
5. B$NQCF -- not quota checked [RP.NQC]
6. B$NOCS -- does not have valid checksums [RP.ABC]
7. B$CSER -- has checksum error [RP.FCE]
8. B$WRER -- has disk write error [RP.FWE]
9. B$MRER -- had BACKUP read error on RESTORE [RP.BFA]
10. B$DAER -- declared bad by damage assessment
[RP.BDA]
c. A$WRIT (*) -- date/time of last write [RB.CRD and
RB.CRT]
d. A$ALLS (*) -- allocated size in words [.RBALC]
e. A$MODE (*) -- mode of last write [RB.MOD]
f. A$LENG (*) -- length in bytes (1B0 if > 2^35-1) [.RBSIZ]
g. A$BSIZ (*) -- byte size (7 or 366)
h. A$VERS (*) -- version identification (.JBVER format)
[.RBVER]
i. A$PROT -- protection [RB.PRV]. The protection for
directories appears in the directory attribute block
(O$DIRT). For files, the protection word is defined as
four fields of eight bits each with a "5" stored in the
leftmost three bits to distinguish it from a byte
pointer:
E-32
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
Bits 0-2 "5"
Bit 3 reserved for future
Bits 4-11 future access
Bits 12-19 owner access
Bits 20-27 affinity group access
Bits 28-35 "world" access
Each file access field is subdivided into bytes that
describe the attribute, write, and read protections
associated with the file. A description of the "world"
access field follows, with the associated TOPS-10
protection given in parentheses, if applicable. The
owner and affinity group (project) fields are similarly
defined.
1. PR$SPC (Bit 28) -- reserved for special checking.
The rest of the field is special if this bit is
set.
2. PR$ATR (Bits 29-31) -- the attribute subfield is a
3-bit byte interpreted as follows:
0 -- file is completely hidden
1 -- file name is visible (7-6)
2 -- file attributes are visible (5-2)
3 -- can change unprotected attributes
4 -- (future)
5 -- (future)
6 -- can change protection (0)
7 -- can delete the file (1)
3. PR$WRT (Bits 32-33) -- the write access subfield is
defined as:
0 -- no write access (7-5)
1 -- append (4)
2 -- write (3)
E-33
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
3 -- superseding generation (2-0)
4. PR$RED (Bits 34-35) -- the read access subfield is
defined as:
0 -- no read access (7)
1 -- execute only (6)
2 -- can read the file (5-0)
3 -- (future)
j. A$ACCT -- byte pointer to account string
k. A$NOTE -- byte pointer to annotation string [.RBSPL]
l. A$CRET -- creation date and time of this generation
m. A$REDT -- last read date and time of this generation
[RB.ACD]
n. A$MODT -- monitor set last write date and time [.RBTIM]
o. A$ESTS -- estimated size in words [.RBEST]
p. A$RADR -- requested disk address [.RBPOS]
q. A$FSIZ -- maximum file size in words
r. A$MUSR -- byte pointer to identification of last
modifier
s. A$CUSR -- byte pointer to identification of creator
[.RBAUT]
t. A$BKID -- byte pointer to identification of previous
BACKUP [.RBMTA]
u. A$BKDT -- date and time of last BACKUP
v. A$NGRT -- number of generations to retain
w. A$NRDS -- number of opens for read this generation
x. A$NWRT -- number of opens for write this generation
y. A$USRW -- undefined user word [.RBNCA]
z. A$PCAW -- privileged customer word [.RBBCA]
| aa. A$FTYP -- file type and flags word [.RETYP]
E-34
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
| bb. A$FBSZ -- byte sizes [.RBBSZ]
|
| cc. A$FRSZ -- record and block sizes [.RBRSZ]
|
| dd. A$FFFB -- application/customer word [.RBFFB]
The remainder of this block is reserved for future expansion.
3. O$DIRT -- a block containing directory attributes (not
written in interchange mode). The first section of this
block is a fixed-length header area containing either
directory attributes or pointers to attributes located in the
remaining section. The symbols in brackets represent the RIB
data used for conversion (the location is zero if none is
given). The directory protection word appears in this block
rather than in the O$FILE block (A$PROT is zero for
directories).
a. D$FHLN -- fixed-header length in words
b. D$FLGS -- directory flags:
1. DF$FOD -- file-only directory
2. DF$AAL -- alpha accounts are legal
3. DF$RLM -- repeat login messages
c. D$ACCT -- account number or ASCII byte pointer to
account string
d. D$PROT -- directory protection [RB.PRV]. The directory
protection word is divided into the same access fields
as the file protection word, A$PROT, but each directory
access field has bits as follows (RIB bits given in
parentheses):
Bit 28 -- reserved for special checking; the rest
of the field is special if this bit is set
Bits 29-31 -- (future)
Bit 32 -- connect allowed
Bit 33 -- can open files (4)
Bit 34 -- can create generations (2)
Bit 35 -- directory can be read (1)
e. D$FPRT -- default file protection
E-35
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
f. D$LOGT -- date/time of last login in TOPS-10 universal
format [RB.CRD and RB.CRT]
g. D$GENR -- default number of generations to keep
h. D$QTF -- first-come, first-served logged-in quota in
words [.RBQTF]
i. D$QTO -- logged-out quota in words [.RBQTO]
j. D$ACSL -- list of groups that can access this directory
(see below)
k. D$USRL -- list of groups that this user is in (see
below)
l. D$PRVL -- privilege list (see below)
m. D$PSWD -- ASCII byte pointer to password
The list-attribute words given above (D$ACSL, D$USRL, D$PRVL)
may be in any one of the following formats:
a. an ASCII string pointer
b. 5B2 + group (or 5B2 + privilege for D$PRVL)
c. -N,,relative location of start of list
if in format (c) each word of the list is 5B2 + group (5B2 +
privilege for D$PRVL).
4. O$SYSN -- a block containing the system header line in ASCIZ.
5. O$SSNM -- a block containing the user-supplied saveset name
in ASCIZ (maximum of 30 characters). This block is omitted
if no saveset name was specified.
E.8.4 Locations in T$LBL Record
This record has no contents in the "data" region. The remaining
locations in the record header are defined as follows:
1. L$DATE -- date/time of labeling in TOPS-10 universal format
(that is, LH = days since 17-November-1858, RH = fraction of
day)
2. L$FMT -- BACKUP tape format (constant = 1)
E-36
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
3. L$BVER -- version of BACKUP writing label in standard .JBVER
format
4. L$MON -- monitor type (%CNMNT)
5. L$SVER -- system version (%CNDVN)
6. L$APR -- APR processor serial number on which this label was
written (integer)
7. L$DEV -- physical device on which the tape was written in
SIXBIT
8. L$MTCH -- byte (31) 0 (1) 7-track (1) 0 (3) density; density
is:
1 = 200
2 = 556
3 = 800
4 = 1600
5 = 6250
9. L$RLNM -- reel ID in SIXBIT
10. L$DSTR -- date/time before which the tape cannot be
scratched; before this time, the only valid operation is to
append
E.8.5 Locations in T$BEG, T$END, T$CON Records
These saveset records all have the same format and are distinguished
by their record types and their location on the tape. All items are
filled in at the time of writing. The data area contains two nondata
blocks, types O$SYSN and O$SSNM. Record header locations following
the first standard 12 words are defined as follows:
1. S$DATE -- date/time of writing this record in universal
format
2. S$FMT -- BACKUP tape format (constant = 1)
3. S$BVER -- BACKUP version in .JBVER format
4. S$MON -- monitor type (%CNMNT)
5. S$SVER -- system version (%CNDVN)
6. S$APR -- apr serial number on which written
E-37
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
7. S$DEV -- physical name of device on which written in SIXBIT
8. S$MTCH -- byte (31) 0 (1) 7-track (1) 0 (3) density. Density
is:
1 = 200
2 = 556
3 = 800
4 = 1600
5 = 6250
| 9. S$RLNM -- reelid in SIXBIT
|
| 10. S$LBLT -- label type in octal
|
| 11. S$BLKF -- blocking factor
E.8.6 Locations in T$UFD Record
This record is not written in interchange mode. When written, the
data portion contains two or three nondata blocks: types O$NAME,
O$FILE (optional), and O$DIRT. Remaining locations in the header
record contain:
1. D$PCHK -- checksum of the O$NAME full-path file name block
2. D$LVL -- directory level: 0 = UFD; 1 = first SFD; and so
forth.
3. D$STR -- file structure name stored in the following format:
byte (7) data type, length in words, ASCII. (Data types are
defined in the T$FIL section.)
E.8.7 Locations in T$FIL Record
The first tape record for a file contains two nondata blocks, types
O$NAME and O$FILE. There is room for two blocks of file data in the
first tape record, and if the file will completely fit in one tape
record, these will be used. If the file is longer than two blocks,
the file will be started in the second tape record, so its pages will
be lined up with tape records. Each tape record identifies the
logical disk word with which it starts. Remaining locations in the
record header are:
1. F$PCHK -- checksum of the full-path file name block (O$NAME).
This is just a consistency check for consecutive records of
the file
E-38
SAVING AND RESTORING DISK FILES WITH BACKUP
2. F$RDW -- relative data word of file of the first data word in
this tape record
3. F$PTH -- a 12-word block used to store information suitable
for a restoration of the file. This area is large enough to
hold the entire path to a TOPS-10 file in a UFD and two SFDs.
The path information will be stored in the standard order of
device, UFD, first SFD, file name, and extension, with
missing fields omitted. The path information will be stored
in the format:
BYTE (7) data type, length in words, ASCII
where data types are defined as:
device = 001
file name = 002
extension = 003
directory = 040
(lower directories = 041, 042, ...)
E-39
F-1
APPENDIX F
FAMILIARIZING YOURSELF WITH TGHA (1091 SYSTEMS ONLY)
The Great Heuristic Algorithm (TGHA) is the program that manages and
maintains Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) memory in MF20s.
TGHA stores data in a history file (TGHAV2.DAT) and a trace file
(TGHA.TRA). The history file records what modules are on or off line,
whether error reporting is turned on, and if any errors have occurred
that TGHA can correct.
The trace file records any corrective actions and the time that TGHA
took each action. If the history file is corrupted, TGHA uses the
information recorded in the trace file to reconstruct the history
file.
TGHA also records all of the errors that it corrected for SYSERR.
Usually, you do not need to know anything about TGHA.
F.1 SYSTEM STARTUP
At system startup, the monitor runs TGHA. TGHA then either builds the
history file if one does not already exist, or verifies that it knows
about all of the on-line MF20 hardware. If the history file exists
and new MF20 hardware appears, TGHA adds this new hardware to its
history file.
To start TGHA, place the following commands in the OPR.ATO file after
DAEMON is started:
:SLOG
:DEF TGHA=
R TGHA
TGHA prints the following message on the CTY to indicate that it is
running for the first time since the monitor was reloaded:
F-1
FAMILIARIZING YOURSELF WITH TGHA (1091 SYSTEMS ONLY)
TGHA 2(3) RUNNING FIRST TIME
Then, TGHA looks for MF20 errors that have occurred since system
startup.
F.2 RUNNING TGHA MANUALLY
To run TGHA manually, type everything that is underscored in the
following dialog:
.R TGHA<RET> Run TGHA.
TGHA>command<RET> Type one of the TGHA commands and
press RETURN to tell TGHA what to
do.
The TGHA commands are:
Command Explanation
EXIT Exits from TGHA.
HISTORY Dumps the history file.
TRACE Dumps the trace file.
F-2
F-3
INDEX
-A- Batch streams, 7-9
displaying parameters, 7-13
Accounting files, 8-4 displaying status, 7-14
ACTDAE.ACT file, 8-2 sending messages to, 7-12
Adding System Hardware, 9-48 setting parameters, 7-9
Alignment (.ALP) files, 7-41 starting, 7-10
ASL stopping, 7-11
See System lists BATCON program, 7-3
Assembler program, 3-1 BOOT
Automatic volume switching, E-1 error codes, A-4
Boot CPU, 5-32
Boot procedure, 4-5
-B- BOOT program, 4-5, 4-7, 4-8, 5-11,
5-21, 10-1, 11-1
BACKUP program, 3-3, 8-6, 8-7, command format, A-5
9-33 crash file dump, 10-3
action commands, E-3 defaults, A-5
checkpoint default, E-18 messages, 10-1, 11-1
comparing tape and disk files, BOOT11 program, 5-24, 5-27, 11-47
E-16 running, 5-25
crash recovery, E-14 switches, 5-26
directories, E-15 BOOTDX bootstrap program, 5-29
features, E-1 switches
functions, E-28 DX10, 5-29
messages DX20, 5-30
fatal error, E-19 Booting from default device, 4-1
informational, E-18 BOOTS program, 5-14
operator, E-18 Bootstrap programs
warning, E-22 BOOT, 4-5, 5-11, 5-21
performing I/O, E-3 BOOTDX, 5-29
runtime commands, E-11 BOOTS, 5-14
saving contents of a disk, E-13 Bootstrap tape, 4-7
status-setting commands, E-4 BOOTXT commands, A-5
tape record
overhead blocks, E-31 -C-
types, E-29
tape-positioning commands, E-8 Card punch spooler, 7-4
BACKUP.LOG file, E-15 Card punches, 2-6
Bad memory, 11-43 Card readers, 2-6
Batch controller, 7-3 input, 7-3
Batch jobs Carriage control
aborting, 7-26 suppressing, 7-44
holding, 7-24 CDRIVE program, 7-3
releasing, 7-25 Central processors, 2-1
requeuing, 7-27 Communications front ends, 2-4
Batch requests loading
deleting, 7-28 automatic, 5-24
modifying, 7-27 with BOOT11, 5-25
Index-1
Communications front ends DAVFU (Direct-Access Vertical
loading (Cont.) Format Unit), 2-6
with DTELDR, 5-27 DDT program, 3-3
types, 5-24 DEBUG stopcodes, 10-9, 11-12
Compilers, 3-2 DECnet
CONFIG Commands front end, 9-42
ADD, 9-48 network tables, 9-42
AUTO-CONFIGURE, 9-49 programs, 9-42
REMOVE, 9-49 DECSYSTEM-2020 components, B-1
SET AUTO-RELOAD, 9-50 DECtape drives, 2-7
SET DUMP, 9-50 DECTAPE load switch, 5-4, 5-5
SHUTDOWN, 9-51 Default device
SNAPSHOT, 9-51 booting from, 4-1
SUSPEND, 9-52 Diagnostic registers, C-1
CONFIG program, 9-47, 11-59 DIRECT program, 3-3
LOAD command, 5-28 Direct-Access Vertical Format
Configuring System Hardware, 9-49 Unit (DAVFU), 2-6
Console front ends, 2-3 DISABLE switch, 4-2
Console mode commands, B-2 Disk drives, 2-8
Console terminal dual-ported, 2-8
restarting, 10-13, 11-44 Disk files
Console/Diagnostic processor, 2-3, BACKUP.LOG file directory, E-15
3-1 restoring, 9-33
Controllers DISK load switch, 5-4, 5-5
card reader, 2-6 Disk packs, 2-7
DECtape, 2-7 Disk volume recognition, 9-29
disk, 2-8 DL10-interfaced errors, 11-47
RH11, 2-9 DN20 front end, 2-4, 5-24
tape, 2-9 DN85 front end, 5-24
Controlling system hardware, 9-50 DN87 front end, 5-24
Core memory, 2-3 DN87S front end, 5-24
CPU Documentation
clock commands, B-10 CTY output, 1-5
stopcodes, 10-10, 11-14 operator, 1-3
Crash data, 10-7 operator's notebook, 1-3
Crash file (CRASH.EXE), 10-3 DSKLST program, 8-9
CRSCPY program, 10-7, A-5 DSKRAT program, 8-9
action commands, A-6 DTE interface, 2-3
command syntax, A-6 DTE-interfaced error, 11-46
report-selection commands, A-8 DTELDR program, 5-27, 11-46,
running, A-5 11-47
status-setting commands, A-7 automatic reloading, 11-46
CRT display terminals, 2-9 switches, 5-28
CTRL/H, 5-23, 6-6 to restart RSX-20F, 11-2
CTY modes, B-1 Dual-ported
disk drives, 2-8
-D- TM78 controller, 9-2
DX10 BOOTDX switches, 5-29
Damage-assessment information, DX10 data channel, 5-28
8-9 DX20 BOOTDX switches, 5-30
Data channel, 2-4, 2-8, 2-9 DX20 data channel, 5-28
errors, 11-48
Index-2
-E- -H-
ENABLE switch, 4-2 HALT stopcodes, 10-11, 11-15
ENABLE/DISABLE load switch, 5-4, Hardware
5-5 error form, 10-1, 11-1
Error messages overview, 2-1
KL10, 11-3 Header labels, 9-3
KLINIK, 11-51 Help facility for PARSER, C-5
KS10, 10-17 HOST operator privileges, 6-2
microprocessor commands, B-12
PARSER, 11-16 -I-
Error reporting, 9-39
Indicator lights, 4-2, 5-2
-F- FAULT, 5-6
POWER, 5-6
FAL streams, 7-15 INFO stopcodes, 10-11, 11-16
continuing, 7-18 Informational messages, 10-12
defining FAL accessibility, INITIA program, 4-4, 5-16, 10-4
7-16 Interleaved memory, 11-43
displaying parameters, 7-18 Internal memory, 2-3
displaying status, 7-19 Interpreters, 3-2
setting parameters, 7-16
shutting down, 7-18 -J-
starting, 7-17
stopping, 7-17 JOB stopcodes, 10-9, 11-12
Fault continuation, 11-59 Jobs
File specification, E-4 card reader, 7-3
File structures, 8-8 detached, 8-5
Floppy disks, 2-4 inactive, 8-5
FLOPPY load switch, 5-4, 5-5
Front end -K-
communications, 2-4
DECnet, 9-42 KDPLDR program, 9-46
PDP-11, 5-7 Key switch, 4-2
types, 5-24 KL10 central processor
Front panel default loading parameters,
DECSYSTEM-2020, 4-1 5-10
1091 systems, 5-4 initializing, 5-7
Front-end loading from a nondefault file,
file system, 5-7 5-21
monitor, 5-7 loading from magnetic tape,
processor, 2-3 5-20
processor error, 11-45 loading with nondefault
parameters, 5-15
-G- reloading from disk, 5-12
KL10 crash, 11-2
GALAXY, 3-3 copying system dumps, 11-10
components, 7-3 KL10 memory
GALAXY.CMD file, 5-24 accessing, C-1
GRIPE KLERR program, 11-3
files, 8-5 KLINIK link, 10-14
program, 8-5 accessing, 11-49
Index-3
KLINIK link (Cont.) LCP commands (Cont.)
controlling access, 4-2, 4-3 SHOW, 7-58
disabling, 10-16 START, 7-57
enabling, 10-16 STOP, 7-58
error messages, 11-51 ZERO COUNTERS, 7-58
for system diagnosis, 11-49 Line printer spooler, 7-3
informational messages, 11-50 Line printers, 2-5
password protection, 4-2 continuing, 7-36
states, 10-14 controlling forms, 7-39
KLINIT operator dialog, 5-9, controlling jobs, 7-45
11-27, D-1 displaying parameters, 7-37
entering, 5-16, 5-37 displaying status, 7-38
questions, D-2 forms defaults, 7-40
warning messages, 11-28 holding jobs, 7-47
KLINIT program, 5-7, 5-8, 11-3 LPFORM.INI file, 7-40
detected errors, 11-27 releasing jobs, 7-48
error codes, 11-33 setting parameters, 7-29
system error messages, 11-28 shutting down, 7-37
KS10 central processor starting, 7-35
halt-status codes, 10-16 stopping, 7-36
loading automatically, 4-1 LINK-10 linking loader, 3-3
loading from disk, 4-4 Load switches, 5-4
nondefault parameters, 4-8 DECSYSTEM-2020, 4-1
loading from magnetic tape, 4-6 DECTAPE, 5-4
nondefault parameters, 4-8 ENABLE/DISABLE, 5-4
loading procedures, 4-4 FLOPPY, 5-4
default parameters, 4-4 SW/REG, 5-4
nondefault file, 4-10 LOCK switch, 4-1
nondefault parameters, 4-7 Log file closure, 9-1
powering up, 4-3 Logbook
reloading from disk, 4-5 crash information, 10-4
stopping and restarting parity or NXM error, 10-12
communications, 9-46 Logging
disabling, 9-1
-L- enabling, 9-1
LPFONT.INI file, 7-35
Label processor, 7-3 LPFORM.INI file, 7-40
Labeled tapes, 9-7, 9-11 LPTSPL program, 7-3
Labels, 9-3
Languages, 3-1 -M-
Laser printers, 2-6
LPFONT.INI file, 7-35 MDA (Mountable Device Allocation),
Lat Control Program 7-4, 9-15
changing counters, 7-58 Memory
displaying activity, 7-58 core, 2-3
resetting parameters, 7-56 interleaved, 11-43
setting parameters, 7-56 internal, 2-3
starting, 7-57 MOS, 2-3
stopping, 7-58 off-line, 11-43
LCP commands reconfiguring, 11-43
CLEAR, 7-56 resetting, 11-57
SET, 7-56 storage units, 2-2
Index-4
Memory (Cont.) Network (Cont.)
system errors, 10-11, 11-41 tables, 9-42
Message of the day, 8-1 Nodes, 9-43
Microprocessor, 2-4 Nonboot CPU, 5-32
communicating with, 4-6 Nondefault monitor file, 5-22
console program, B-1 Nonpolicy CPU, 5-1
crash recovery, 10-2 NOTICE.TXT file, 8-1
error messages, 10-17 NQC streams, 7-19
ROM code, 4-5 continuing, 7-21
Microprocessor commands, B-3 displaying parameters, 7-22
BOOT commands, B-4 displaying status, 7-22
deposit commands, B-9 setting parameters, 7-20
enable/disable commands, B-5 shutting down, 7-21
error messages, B-12 starting, 7-20
examine commands, B-6 stopping, 7-20
mark/unmark microcode commands, Null job, 10-6
B-7 NXM errors, 4-5, 10-12
miscellaneous commands, B-7
read CRAM commands, B-8 -O-
select device commands, B-8
set commands, B-9 Operator messages in BACKUP, E-18
start/stop clock commands, B-10 Operator privileges, 6-2
Monitor, 3-1 OPR commands
automatic dump and reload, 10-4 ABORT BATCH-STREAM, 7-26
loading choices, 5-4 ABORT FAL-STREAM, 7-17
manual dump and reload, 10-5 ABORT NQC-STREAM, 7-20
Monitor startup questions, 4-10, ALIGN PRINTER, 7-41
5-22 BACKSPACE PRINTER, 7-42
error messages, 5-23 CANCEL BATCH-REQUEST, 7-28
MOS memory, 2-3, F-1 CANCEL MOUNT-REQUEST, 9-15,
Mount requests, 9-20 9-25
answering, 9-17 CLOSE, 9-1
canceling, 9-15 CONTINUE BATCH-STREAM, 7-11
displaying, 9-30 CONTINUE FAL-STREAM, 7-18
tape, 9-7 CONTINUE NQC-STREAM, 7-21
Mountable Device Allocation (MDA), CONTINUE PRINTER, 7-36
7-4, 9-15 DEFINE, 7-16
Mounting DISABLE LOGGING, 9-1
tapes, 9-10 DISABLE STRUCTURE-RECOGNITION,
Multiple operators, 6-3 9-29
DISABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION,
-N- 9-10, 9-29
DISMOUNT, 9-12, 9-14, 9-21,
NEBULA program, 7-3 9-22
NETLDR program, 9-39 ENABLE LOGGING, 9-1
NETLDR.INI file, 9-40 ENABLE STRUCTURE-RECOGNITION,
Network 9-29
communications, 9-46 ENABLE VOLUME-RECOGNITION, 9-11,
host, 5-24 9-29
node, 5-24 FORWARDSPACE PRINTER, 7-43
software HOLD BATCH-JOBS, 7-24
2780/3780, 9-42 HOLD PRINTER-JOBS, 7-47, 7-48
Index-5
OPR commands (Cont.) OPR commands (Cont.)
IDENTIFY, 9-12 STOP NQC-STREAM, 7-20
LOCK, 9-21 STOP PRINTER, 7-36
MODIFY, 9-33 SUPPRESS PRINTER, 7-44
MODIFY BATCH-REQUEST, 7-27 OPR program, 7-3
MOUNT, 9-11, 9-12, 9-17, 9-20 exiting, 6-2
NEXT, 7-78 HELP, 6-6
RECOGNIZE, 9-13, 9-20 remote station commands, 9-43
RELEASE BATCH-JOBS, 7-25 reprinting commands, 6-6
RELEASE PRINTER-JOBS, 7-48 running, 6-1
REPORT, 9-39 syntax errors, 6-10
REQUEUE BATCH-STREAM, 7-27 OPR.ATO file, 11-46, F-1
RESPOND, 9-36, 9-37 OPSER program, 3-3
SEND, 9-36, 9-37 ORION program, 6-2, 7-3
SEND BATCH-STREAM, 7-12 log file, 9-1
SET, 7-16 ORION to OPR messages, 6-8
SET NQC-STREAM, 7-20
SET PRINTER, 7-29 -P-
SET TAPE-DRIVE, 9-2
switches, 9-3 Paper-tape punch spooler, 7-4
SET TAPE-DRIVE command, 9-15 Parity errors, 10-12
SET USAGE, 8-2 PARSER program, 5-7, 5-8, C-1
SHOW PARAMETERS BATCH-STREAM, commands, C-2, C-6
7-13 OPERATOR mode, C-6, C-10,
SHOW PARAMETERS FAL-STREAM, C-15
7-18 PROGRAMMER mode, C-7, C-11
SHOW PARAMETERS NQC-STREAM, console modes, C-4
7-22 error messages, 11-16
SHOW PARAMETERS PRINTER, 7-37 exiting, 5-8, C-2
SHOW QUEUES BATCH-JOBS, 7-23 help facility, C-5
SHOW QUEUES MOUNT-REQUEST, 9-30 prompts, C-1
SHOW QUEUES PRINTER-JOBS, 7-45 PARSER.LOG file, 11-60
SHOW ROUTE-TABLE, 9-46 PDP-8A, 5-29
SHOW STATUS BATCH-STREAM, 7-14 Peripheral devices, 2-4
SHOW STATUS FAL-STREAM, 7-19 Peripherals
SHOW STATUS NETWORK-NODE, 9-44 powering up, 4-3
SHOW STATUS NQC-STREAM, 7-22 PIP program, 3-3
SHOW STATUS PRINTER, 7-38 Plotter spooler, 7-4
SHOW STATUS STRUCTURE, 9-25 Plotters, 2-9
SHOW STATUS TAPE-DRIVE, 9-8 Policy CPU, 5-1
SHOW SYSTEM LISTS, 9-32 Port number
SHUTDOWN, 9-43 specifying, 5-25, 5-26
SHUTDOWN FAL-STREAM, 7-18 Power failures, 10-22, 11-52
SHUTDOWN NQC-STREAM, 7-21 POWER switch, 4-1
SHUTDOWN PRINTER, 7-35, 7-37 Print forms
START BATCH-STREAM, 7-10 aligning, 7-41
START FAL-STREAM, 7-17 backspacing, 7-42
START NODE, 9-43 forwardspacing, 7-43
START NQC-STREAM, 7-20 Print queue, 7-45
START PRINTER, 7-35 Processor
STOP BATCH-STREAM, 7-11 console/diagnostic, 2-3, 3-1
STOP FAL-STREAM, 7-17 front-end, 2-3
Index-6
PROTECT switch, 4-2 Software Error Report, 10-1, 11-1
PULSAR program, 7-3 SPFORM.INI file, 7-66
Spooler
-Q- card punch, 7-4
line printer, 7-3
QUASAR program, 7-4 paper-tape punch, 7-4
Queue manager, 7-4 plotter, 7-4
QUEUE program, 7-4 SPRINT program, 7-3
SPROUT program, 7-4
-R- SSL
See System lists
REACT program, 8-2 STOP stopcodes, 10-10, 11-13
REMOTE DIAGNOSIS switch, 4-2 Stopcodes, 10-8, 11-11
Remote nodes, 6-3 warm restart, 11-60
REMOTE operator privileges, 6-2 Stopping the system, 9-51
Remote stations, 2-10, 9-39 Structure recognition, 9-20
DN20 stations, 9-42 Structures
DN80 stations, 9-39, 9-42 answering mount requests, 9-17
DN92 stations, 9-39, 9-42 canceling mount requests, 9-25
down-line loading, 9-39 displaying status, 9-25
OPR commands, 9-43 locking, 9-21
Removing a structure, 9-22 mounting, 9-20
Removing system hardware, 9-49 mounting with an alias, 9-20
RESET switch, 4-1 removing, 9-22
Rocker switches, 4-1, 5-2 unlocking, 9-21
Role switching, 5-32 Suspending the system, 9-52
ROM code, 4-5 SW/REG load switch, 5-4, 5-5
Routing display, 9-46 Switch register, 5-6
RSX-20F, 3-1 definitions, 5-17
command language processor, 5-7 Switches
detecting KL10 crash, 11-2 BOOT11 program, 5-26
front-end file system, 5-1 DECSYSTEM-2020, 4-1
loading choices, 5-4 DTELDR program, 5-28
loading from DECtape, 5-14 DX10 BOOTDX, 5-29
loading from disk, 5-10 DX20 BOOTDX, 5-30
loading from floppy disks, 5-12, Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)
5-13 systems, 2-1, 11-53
loading with switch register, loading and starting, 5-1, 5-32
5-16 rejoining, 11-57
RUNOFF, 3-3 restarting nonpolicy CPU, 5-35
running, 5-31
-S- splitting, 11-54
SYSCHK question, 5-22
SDL System
See System lists crash, 10-1, 10-3, 11-1
SET SCHED command, 9-40 diagnosis using KLINIK, 10-14,
Setting memory off-line, 11-43 11-49
Shutting down the system, 9-51 error recovery, 11-9
Single-processor system, 5-1 logbook, 1-4
SMP scheduling, 9-40
See Symmetric multiprocessing setting, 9-40
(SMP) systems startup
Index-7
System TGHA program (Cont.)
startup (Cont.) history file, F-1
running TGHA, F-1 trace file, F-1
System backup, 8-6 Time stamp, 6-8
System crash recovery, E-14 Timesharing halting, 4-5, 5-12
System file structure analysis, TM78 controller, 9-2
8-9 TOPS-10 monitor, 3-1
System lists, 9-32 Trailer labels, 9-3
active swapping list (ASL),
9-32 -U-
modifying, 9-33
system dump list (SDL), 9-32, Unlabeled tapes, 9-7, 9-12
A-4 Usage accounting, 8-2
system search list (SSL), 9-32 USAGE.OUT files, 8-2
SYSTEM operator privileges, 6-2 Utilities, 3-3
SYSTEM.CMD file, 7-9, 9-1
-V-
-T-
Vertical format unit (VFU), 2-6
Tape drives, 2-8, 5-22, 9-10 Volume labels, 9-3
displaying status, 9-8 Volume recognition, 9-10, 9-20
sharing, 9-2 disabled, 9-12
Tapes enabled, 9-11
dismounting, 9-14
initializing, 9-2 -W-
labeled, 9-7, 9-11
mounting, 9-10 Warm restart
unlabeled, 9-7, 9-12 exec mode, 11-62
TECO program, 3-3 fault continuation, 11-59
Terminals, 2-9 stopcodes, 11-60
TGHA program, F-1 Warning messages for BACKUP, E-22
commands, F-2 WRF stopcode, 11-62
exiting, F-2 WRJ stopcode, 11-60
Index-8